《电化学基础》单元测试题.doc

《电化学》单元测试班级： _______________ 姓名： _______________一、选择题1、关于如图所示装置的叙述，正确的是（ ）A ．铜是阳极，铜片上有气泡产生B ．铜片质量逐渐减少C ．电流从锌片经导线流向铜片D ．铜离子在铜片表面被还原2、有人设计出利用 CH 和 O 的反应，用铂电极在KOH 溶液中构成原电池。

电池的总反应类似于CH 在 O 中燃烧，则下4242列说法正确的是 ()48mole -①每消耗 1molCH 可以向外电路提供②负极上 CH 失去电子，电极反应式--2-CH+10OH －8e =CO +7H O443 2③负极上是 O 2 获得电子，电极反应式为 --O 2+2H 2O+4e =4OH④电池放电后，溶液 pH 不断升高A ．①②B ．①③C ．①④D ．③④3、如图装置中，溶液体积均为 200 ml ，开始时，电解质溶液的浓度均为 0.1 mol · L － 1 , 工作一段时间后，测得导线上通过了 0.02 mol电子，若不考虑溶液体积的变化，下列叙述中正确的是（）A 、（ 1）、（ 2）两装置均为电解池B、（ 1）、（ 2）溶液的 PH 均减小C 、（ 1）中阳极电极反应式为： －－ 4e －===2H 2O ＋ O 2↑D、（ 1）中阴极上析出 0.32 g Cu4OH4、下列叙述正确的是A ．原电池中阳离子向负极移动B ．用铝质铆钉接铁板，铁易被腐蚀C ．马口铁 ( 镀锡 ) 表面一旦破损，铁腐蚀加快D ．白铁 ( 镀锌 ) 表面一旦破损，铁腐蚀加快5、铁镍蓄电池又称爱迪生电池，放电时的总反应为：Fe+Ni 2O 3+3H 2O= Fe(OH) 2+2Ni(OH) 2下列有关该电池的说法不正确的是（ ）A ．电池的电解液为碱性溶液，正极为Ni 2O 3 、负极为 FeB ．电池放电时，负极反应为――2e －=Fe (OH) 2Fe+2OHC ．电池充电过程中，阴极附近溶液的 pH 降低D ．电池充电时，阳极反应为 2Ni(OH) － － O+3H O2 +2OH － 2e =Ni23 26、把一小块镁铝合金放入 6 mol/L 的 NaOH 溶液中， 可以形成微型原电池。

高中化学选修4《电化学基础》单元测试题（基础卷）(时间:45分钟满分:100分)第Ⅰ卷(选择题共48分)一、选择题(本题包括12小题,每小题4分,共48分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.下列事实不能用电化学原理解释的是( )A.铝片不用特殊方法保护B.轮船水线下的船体上装一定数量的锌块C.纯锌与稀硫酸反应时,滴入少量CuSO4溶液后速率增大D.镀锌铁比较耐用2.下列叙述正确的是( )A.电解饱和食盐水制烧碱时,Fe作阳极,石墨作阴极B.电解氯化铜溶液时,阳极上产生的气体质量和阴极上析出的铜的质量相等C.钢铁在空气中发生电化学腐蚀时,铁作负极D.原电池工作时,阳离子移向电池的负极3.Li-Al/FeS电池是一种正在开发的车载电池,该电池中正极的电极反应式为2Li++FeS+2e-Li2S+Fe,有关该电池的下列说法中,正确的是( )A.Li-Al在电池中作为负极材料,该材料中Li的化合价为+1价B.该电池的电池反应式为2Li+FeS Li2S+FeC.负极的电极反应式为Al-3e-Al3+D.充电时,阴极发生的电极反应式为Li2S+Fe-2e-2Li++FeS4.如下图所示是某太空空间站能量转化系统的局部示意图,其中燃料电池采用KOH溶液为电解液,下列有关说法中正确的是( )A.该能量转化系统工作时,需不断补充H2OB.该转化系统的能量本质上来源于太阳能C.水电解系统中的阴极反应:O2+2H2O+4e-4OH-D.燃料电池放电时的负极反应:H2-2e-2H+5.按下图装置实验,若x轴表示流入阴极的电子的物质的量,则y轴可表示( )①c(Ag+) ②c(AgNO3) ③a棒的质量④b棒的质量⑤溶液的pHA.①③B.③④C.①②④D.①②⑤6.Mg-H2O2电池可用于驱动无人驾驶的潜航器。

该电池以海水为电解质溶液,示意图如下。

该电池工作时,下列说法正确的是( )A.Mg电极是该电池的正极B.H2O2在石墨电极上发生氧化反应C.石墨电极附近溶液的pH增大D.溶液中Cl-向正极移动7.铅蓄电池的工作原理为Pb+PbO2+2H2SO42PbSO4+2H2O,研读下图,下列判断不正确的是( )A.K闭合时,d电极反应式:PbSO4+2H2O-2e-PbO2+4H++SB.当电路中转移0.2 mol电子时,Ⅰ中消耗的H2SO4为0.2 molC.K闭合时,Ⅱ中S向c电极迁移D.K闭合一段时间后断开,Ⅱ可单独作为原电池,d电极为正极8.用酸性氢氧燃料电池电解苦卤水(含Cl-、Br-、Na+、Mg2+)的装置如图所示(a、b为石墨电极)。

第四章《电化学基础》单元测试题一、单选题(每小题只有一个正确答案)1.下列叙述中，正确的是()①电解池是将化学能转变成电能的装置①原电池是将电能转变成化学能的装置①金属和石墨导电均为物理变化，电解质溶液导电是化学变化①不能自发进行的氧化还原反应，通过电解的原理有可能实现①Cu＋2Ag＋===Cu2＋＋2Ag，反应既可以在原电池中实现，也可以在电解池中实现，其他条件相同时，二种装置中反应速率相同A．①①①①B．①①C．①①①D．①2.铅蓄电池的工作原理为Pb＋PbO2＋2H2SO42PbSO4＋2H2O，研读下图，下列判断不正确的是()A． K闭合时，d电极反应式：PbSO4＋2H2O－2e－===PbO2＋4H＋＋SO42-B．当电路中转移0.2 mol电子时，①中消耗的H2SO4为0.2 molC． K闭合时，①中SO42-向c电极迁移D． K闭合一段时间后断开，①可单独作为原电池，d电极为正极3.一定条件下，碳钢腐蚀与溶液pH的关系如下：下列说法不正确的是()A．在pH＜4溶液中，碳钢主要发生析氢腐蚀B．在pH＞6溶液中，碳钢主要发生吸氧腐蚀C．在pH＞14溶液中，碳钢腐蚀的正极反应为O2＋4H＋＋4e－===2H2OD．在煮沸除氧气后的碱性溶液中，碳钢腐蚀速率会减缓4.锌溴液流电池是一种新型电化学储能装置(如图所示)，电解液为溴化锌水溶液，电解液在电解质储罐和电池间不断循环。

下列说法不正确的是()A．充电时电极a连接电源的负极B．放电时负极的电极反应式为Zn—2e－===Zn2＋C．放电时左侧电解质储罐中的离子总浓度增大D．阳离子交换膜可阻止Br2与Zn直接发生反应5.下图为铜锌原电池示意图，下列说法正确的是()A．锌片逐渐溶解B．烧杯中溶液逐渐呈蓝色C．电子由铜片通过导线流向锌片D．锌为正极，铜为负极6.下列关于金属的防护方法的说法不正确的是()A．我们使用的快餐杯表面有一层搪瓷，搪瓷层破损后仍能起到防止铁生锈的作用B．给铁件通入直流电，把铁件与电池负极相连接C．轮船在船壳水线以下常装有一些锌块，这是利用了牺牲阳极的阴极保护法D．钢铁制造的暖气管管道外常涂有一层较厚的沥青7.锌铜原电池装置如图所示，其中阳离子交换膜只允许阳离子和水分子通过，下列有关叙述正确的是()A．铜电极上发生氧化反应B．电池工作一段时间后，甲池的c(SO42-)减小C．电池工作一段时间后，乙池溶液的总质量增加D．阴、阳离子分别通过交换膜向负极和正极移动，保持溶液中电荷平衡8.用惰性电极电解一定浓度的CuSO4溶液时，通电一段时间后，向所得的溶液中加入0.1 mol Cu2(OH)2CO3后恰好恢复到电解前的浓度和pH (不考虑二氧化碳的溶解)。

化学人教4第四章电化学基础单元检测(时间：90分钟满分：100分)一、选择题(本题包括18个小题，每小题3分，共54分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1．下列过程需要通电后才可以发生或进行的是( )①电离②电泳③电解④电镀⑤电化学腐蚀A．①② B．②③④ C．②③④⑤ D．全部2．化学用语是学习化学的重要工具，下列用来表示物质变化的化学用语中，正确的是( )A．电解饱和食盐水时，阳极的电极反应式为：2Cl－－2e－===Cl2↑B．氢氧燃料电池的负极反应式：O2＋2H2O＋4e－===4OH－C．粗铜精炼时，与电源正极相连的是纯铜，电极反应式为：Cu－2e－===Cu2＋D．钢铁发生电化学腐蚀的正极反应式：Fe－2e－===Fe2＋3．如下图所示，在一U形管中装入含有紫色石蕊试液的Na2SO4溶液，通直流电，一段时间后U形管内会形成一个倒立的三色“彩虹”，从左到右颜色的次序是( )A．蓝、紫、红B．红、蓝、紫C．红、紫、蓝D．紫、红、蓝4．一位漂亮的女士镶了两颗假牙，其中一颗是黄金的，另一颗是不锈钢的。

自镶上假牙后，她时感头疼，心情烦躁，多方治疗未见好转。

请你帮她判断下列方法不可行的是( ) A．将两颗假牙都做成黄金的B．将两颗假牙都做成不锈钢的C．将两颗假牙都做成特殊树脂的D．将金质假牙改成铝质假牙5．下列说法不正确的是( )A．二次电池充电时，发生电解反应；放电时，发生原电池反应B．电镀时，应将镀层金属与电源正极相连C．电解饱和NaCl溶液时，阳极上放出黄绿色气体的同时还产生大量的氢氧化钠D．利用电化学原理保护金属主要有两种方法，分别是牺牲阳极的阴极保护法和外加电流的阴极保护法6．在H2O中加入等物质的量的Ag＋、Na＋、Ba2＋、NO－3、SO2－4、Cl－，该溶液在惰性电极的电解槽中通电片刻后，氧化产物和还原产物的质量比是( )A．1∶8 B．35.5∶108C．8∶1 D．108∶35.57．对下列各溶液进行电解，通电一段时间后，溶液颜色不会发生显著改变的是( ) A．以石墨为电极，电解含甲基橙的0.1 mol·L－1硫酸溶液B．以铜为电极，电解1 mol·L－1硫酸溶液C．以石墨为电极，电解含酚酞的饱和食盐水D．以石墨为电极，电解1 mol·L－1溴化钾溶液8．在钢铁腐蚀过程中，下列五种变化可能发生的是( )①二价铁转化为三价铁②O2被还原③产生H2④Fe(OH)3失水形成Fe2O3·xH2O ⑤杂质碳被氧化A．只①②B．只②③④C．①②③④D．①②③④⑤9．对于冶炼像钠、钙、镁、铝这样活泼的金属，电解法几乎是唯一可行的工业方法。

高中化学学习材料唐玲出品选修4第四章《电化学基础》单元测试题本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共7页，满分150分，考试用时90分钟。

第一部分 选择题(共90分)一、选择题(本题包括10小题，每小题4分，共40分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1．废电池的污染引起人们的广泛重视，废电池中对环境形成污染的主要物质是A ．锌B ．汞C ．石墨D ．二氧化锰 2．镍镉（Ni —Cd ）可充电电池在现代生活中有广泛应用，它的充放电反应按下式进行：Cd(OH)2+2Ni(OH)2 Cd+2NiO(OH)+2H 2O由此可知，该电池放电时的负极材料是A ．Cd(OH)2B ．Ni(OH)2C ．CdD ．NiO(OH)3．将纯锌片和纯铜片按图示方式插入同浓度的稀硫酸中一段时间，以下叙述正确的是 A ．两烧杯中铜片表面均无气泡产生 B ．甲中铜片是正极，乙中铜片是负极 C ．两烧杯中溶液的pH 均增大 D ．产生气泡的速度甲比乙慢4．下列各变化中属于原电池反应的是A ．在空气中金属铝表面迅速氧化形成保护层B ．镀锌铁表面有划损时，也能阻止铁被氧化C ．红热的铁丝与冷水接触，表面形成蓝黑色保护层D ．浓硝酸比稀硝酸更能氧化金属铜5．钢铁发生吸氧腐蚀时，正极上发生的电极反应是A. 2H +＋2e －＝H 2 B. Fe 2+＋2e －＝Fe B. 2H 2O ＋O 2＋4e －＝4OH －D. Fe 3+＋e －＝Fe 2+6．已知蓄电池在充电时作电解池，放电时作原电池。

铅蓄电池上有两个接线柱，一个接线柱旁标有“+”，另一个接线柱旁标有“—”。

关于标有“+”的接线柱，下列说法中正确．．的是 充电 放电A．充电时作阳极，放电时作负极 B．充电时作阳极，放电时作正极C．充电时作阴极，放电时作负极 D．充电时作阴极，放电时作正极7．pH＝a的某电解质溶液中，插入两支惰性电极通直流电一段时间后，溶液的pH ＞a，则该电解质可能是A．NaOH B．H2SO4 C．AgNO3 D．Na2SO48．下列关于实验现象的描述不正确．．．的是A．把铜片和铁片紧靠在一起浸入稀硫酸中，铜片表面出现气泡B．用锌片做阳极，铁片做阴极，电解氯化锌溶液，铁片表面出现一层锌C．把铜片插入三氯化铁溶液中，在铜片表面出现一层铁D．把锌粒放入盛有盐酸的试管中，加入几滴氯化铜溶液，气泡放出速率加快9．把分别盛有熔融的氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化铝的三个电解槽串联，在一定条件下通电一段时间后，析出钾、镁、铝的物质的量之比为A．1︰2︰3 B．3︰2︰1C．6︰3︰1 D．6︰3︰210．下列描述中，不符合生产实际的是A．电解熔融的氧化铝制取金属铝，用铁作阳极B．电解法精炼粗铜，用纯铜作阴极C．电解饱和食盐水制烧碱，用涂镍碳钢网作阴极D．在镀件上电镀锌，用锌作阳极二．选择题（本题包括10小题，每小题5分，共50分。

单元训练金卷■高三■化学卷（A ）第十二单元电化学基础注意事项：1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条 形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位罝。

2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题0的答案标号涂 黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、 草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

可能用到的相对原子质量：HJ C:12 N:14 0:16 Al:27 Cu:64 Zn:65一、选择题（每小题3分，共48分）1. 课堂学习中，同学们利用铝条、锌片、铜片、导线、电流计、橙汁、烧杯等用品探究原租 池的组成。

下列结论错误的是A. 原电池是将化学能转化成电能的装置B. 原电池巾电极、电解质溶液和导线等组成C. 图屮a 极为铝条、b 极为锌片时，导线屮会产生电流D. 图中a 极为锌片、b 极为铜片时，电子由铜片通过导线流向锌片2. 如图，在盛有稀H 2SO 4的烧杯中放入用导线连接的电极X 、Y,外电路中电子流向如图所 示，关于该装置的下列说法正确的是稀 H 2SO 4 fOlT — ---- ------------- --- —) 电极a%，电极b■ ■ ■ —*y 橙汁 -A.外电路的电流方向为X-＞外电路一＞YB.若两电极分别为铁和碳棒，则X为碳棒，Y为铁C.X极上发生的是还原反应，Y极上发生的是氧化反应D.若两电极都是金属，则它们的活动性强弱为X〉Y3.下列有关电化学装賈完全正确的是4.烧杯A中盛放0.1 mol/L的H2SO4溶液，烧杯B中盛放0.1 mol/L的CuCl2溶液(两种溶液均足量)，组成的装置如图所示。

下列说法不正确的是■ MB .•• •» •• •» •稀硫酸氯化铜溶液A BA.A为原电池，B为电解池B.A为电解池，B力原电池C.当A烧杯屮产生0.1 mol气体时，B烧杯中产生气体的物质的呈也为0.1 molD.经过一段时间，B烧杯中溶液溶质的浓度减小5.锌空气燃料电池可用作电动车动力电源，电池的电解质溶液为KOH溶液，反应为2Zn +O2+4OH_+2H2O===2Zn(OH)f。

化学选修4《电化学基础》单元测试卷B（含答案）本试卷分第一部分（选择题）和第二部分（非选择题），满分100分，考试时间40分钟。

第一部分选择题（共50分）一、单项选择题（每小题5分，每小题只有一个．．．．选项符合题意，共30分。

）1．废电池的污染引起人们的广泛重视，废电池中对环境形成污染的主要物质是A．锌 B．汞 C．石墨 D．二氧化锰2．将纯锌片和纯铜片按图示方式插入同浓度的稀硫酸中一段时间，以下叙述正确的是A．两烧杯中铜片表面均无气泡产生B．甲中铜片是正极，乙中铜片是负极C．两烧杯中溶液的pH均增大D．产生气泡的速度甲比乙慢3．下列各变化中属于原电池反应的是A．在空气中银质奖牌表面变暗B．镀锌铁表面有划损时，也能阻止铁被氧化C．红热的铁丝与冷水接触，表面形成蓝黑色保护层D．浓硝酸比稀硝酸更容易氧化金属铜4．把分别盛有熔融的氯化钠、氯化镁、氧化铝的三个电解槽串联，在一定条件下通电一段时间后，析出钠、镁、铝的物质的量之比为A ．1︰2︰3B ．3︰2︰1C ．6︰3︰1D ．6︰3︰25．关于铅蓄电池Pb ＋PbO 2＋2H 2SO 4 PbSO 4＋2H 2O 的说法正确的是A ．在放电时，正极发生的反应是 Pb(s) +SO 42—（aq ）= PbSO 4(s)+2e —B ．在放电时，该电池的负极材料是铅板C ．在充电时，电池中硫酸的浓度不断变小D ．在充电时，阳极发生的反应是 PbSO 4(s)+2e —= Pb(s)+ SO 42—（aq ）6．有一合金由X 、Y 、Z 、W 四种金属组成，若将合金放入盐酸中只有Z 、Y 能溶解；若将合金置于潮湿空气中，表面只出现Z 的化合物；若将该合金做阳极，用X 盐溶液作电解液，通电时四种金属都以离子形式进入溶液中，但在阴极上只析出X 。

这四种金属的活动性顺序是A ．Y ＞Z ＞W ＞XB ．Z ＞Y ＞W ＞XC ．W ＞Z ＞Y ＞XD ．X ＞Y ＞Z ＞W放电 充电二、双项选择题（每小题5分，每小题有两个．．选项符合题意，错选0分，漏选2分，共20分。

《电化学基础》单元检测题一、单选题1．下列关于如图所示原电池装置的叙述中，正确的是A．铜片是负极 B．铜片质量逐渐减少C．电流从锌片经导线流向铜片 D．氢离子在铜片表面被还原2．下列说法正确的是 ( )A．在原电池中，电子由正极流向负极B．在电解池中，物质在阴极发生氧化反应C．在原电池中，物质在负极发生氧化反应D．在电解池中，与电源正极相连的电极是阴极3．有两只串联的电解池（Pt为电极），甲池盛有足量的CuSO4溶液，乙池盛有足量的某硝酸盐的稀溶液。

电解时当甲池电极析出6.4gCu时，乙池电极析出21.6g金属，则乙池的溶质可能是A．NaNO3B．Cu(NO3)2C．Al(NO3)3D．AgNO34．如图所示电化学装置，X可能为“锌棒”或“碳棒”，下列叙述错误的是A．X为锌棒，仅闭合K1，Fe电极上发生还原反应B．X为锌棒，仅闭合K1，产生微量电流方向：Fe→XC．X为碳棒，仅闭合K2，该电化学保护法称为“牺牲阳极阴极保护法”D．若X为碳棒，仅闭合K1，铁电极的极反应为：Fe －2e－→ Fe2＋5．燃料电池的优点是化学能直接转化为电能，而不经过热能这一中间环节，能量利用率高。

氢氧燃料电池可同时供应电和水蒸气，所需燃料为H2，电解质为熔融K2CO3。

已知该电池的正极反应为O2+2CO2+4e-2CO32-。

下列叙述正确的是( )A．放电时CO32-向正极移动B．随着反应的进行，CO32-在不断消耗C．负极反应为H2+CO32--2e-H2O+CO2D．当该电池产生的水蒸气折算成标准状况下的体积为22.4 L时，转移电子4 mol6．如图所示的装置，两烧杯中均为相应的水溶液，通电一段时间后，测得甲池中某电极质量增加2.16g，乙池中某电极上析出0.64g某金属，下列说法正确的是A．甲池是b极上析出金属银，乙池是c极上析出某金属B．甲池是a极上析出金属银，乙池是d极上析出某金属C．某盐溶液可能是CuSO4溶液D．某盐溶液可能是Mg(NO3)2溶液7．下列说法正确的是( )A．实验时酸或碱溅到眼中，应立即用水冲洗，并不断眨眼，不能用手搓揉眼睛B．检验硫酸亚铁铵溶液中Fe2+的方法是：先滴加新制氨水后滴加KSCN溶液C．证明钢铁吸收氧腐蚀的方法是：在镀锌铁皮上滴1～3滴含酚酞的饱和食盐水，静置1～2min，观察现象D．因为氧化铁是一种碱性氧化物，所以常用作红色油漆和涂料8．下列冶炼金属的原理不正确的是（）A．电解饱和食盐水制备金属钠B．加热分解Ag2O制备金属银C．Fe2O3与CO高温下反应制备金属铁D．Cu2S与O2高温下反应制备金属铜9．下列各组的电极材料和电解液，不能组成原电池的是A．铜片、铜片、稀硫酸 B．铜片、石墨棒、硝酸银溶液C．锌片、铜片、稀硫酸 D．铜片、银片、FeCl3溶液10．下图中的电化学装置以甲醇(CH3OH)为主要原料合成碳酸二甲酯[(CH3O)2CO]，相关说法错误的是A．B是直流电源的负极B．碳酸二甲酯中碳均为+4价C．阳极附近溶液pH降低D．每当有2molH+通过离子交换膜，消耗氧气的体积在标准状况下为11.2L 二、填空题11．某原电池的装置如图所示，看到b极上有红色金属析出，回答下列问题：①若a、b是两种活动性不同的金属，则活动性a____b（填＞、＜或＝）；②电路中的电子从____经导线流向_____（填a或b）；③溶液中的SO42－向________极移动（填a或b）；④若两电极分别是Al和C，则负极的电极反应式为_________________。

《电化学基础》测试卷The electrochemical base test volume(1) basic practiceA,multiple choiceThe following processes need to be electrified to do so: ionization;(2) the electrolysis; (3) plating; (4) electrophoresis; The electrochemical corrosion;A,(1) (2) (3); B, (2) (3) (4); C, (2) (4) (5); D, all;At room temperature, the PH of 0. 1 molar of acid is:A, 1; B, > 1; C, < 1; D, can，t be sure;3, 1 liter contains NaOH under normal temperature of saturated salt water, the PH = 10, with platinum electrodes during electrolysis, when the cathode has a 11. 2 liter gases (standard conditions), the PH of the solution is close to (set after electrolytic solution volume is still 1 liter):A., 0; B, 12; C, 13; D, 14;The basic structure of the newly developed bromine-zinc battery in foreign countries is to use carbon rods as the poles, and the electrolyte is the zinc bromide solution. There are four electrode reactions:N - 2e = Zn = Zn + 2e 二ZnThe anode reaction and discharge when charged are:A, (4) (1); B, (2) (3); C, (3) (1); D, (2) (4);The colbay reaction is 2RC00K + 2H2OR -r + H2 + 2K0H, and the following statement is true (C)The products ofB. the products of hydrogen are produced in the cathode.C. the products of carbon are produced in the anode.D. The products of carbon are produced in the cathode.hydrogen are produced in the anode.Use 0.01 mo/litre H2S04 titrate 0. 01 mo/liter NaOH solution, neutralize and add water to 100m 1. If there is an error in the end, the ratio of 1 drop of H2S04 to 1 drop of H2S04 (1 drop to 0. 05 ml), and the ratio of C (H +) is:A: ten b. fifty c. fiveIn a beaker of saturated sodium carbonate, insert inert electrodes, keep the temperature constant, and after a certain amount of time:The PH of the solution will increaseB.The ratio of sodium ions to carbonate ions will be smallerC.The concentration of the solution gradually increases, and a certain amount of crystal is precipitated outThe concentration of the solution stays the same8, room temperature, the pH = 1 hydrochloride average into 2 portions, 1 add right amount water, the other one to join with the mo1ar concentration of hydrochloric acid after the same amount of NaOH solution, pH is increased by 1, belong to the water and the volume of NaOH solution is as follows:A.10 c. 11 d. 129, there are five bottles of solution are respectively (1) 10 ml of 0. 60 mo/NaOH aqueous solution (2) 20 ml mo / 0. 50 litres of sulfuric acid aqueous solution (3) 30 ml of 0. 40 the 40 ml/1 HC1 solution (4) the 0. 30 / d) aqueous solution (5) 50 ml mo / 0. 20 litres of sucrose solution. The order of the total number of ions and molecules in each of these bottles is:A, B, >, >, >, >, >C, >, >, >, >, >, >To connect Al and Cu slices to a wire, a group of HN03 is inserted into a dilute NaOH solution, which forms the original cel 1. In the two original batteries, the two are:A, Al, Al pills; B, Cu, Al pills; C, Al, Cu pills; D, Cu and Cu pills;11, the mass fraction of 0. 052 (5. 2%) of the NaOlI solution 1 liter (density of 1.06 g/ml) with a platinum electrode electrolysis, when the mass fraction of the NaOH solution changed 0. 010 stops electrolysis(1. 0%), should comply with the relationships of the solution is: The mass fraction of NaOHThe mass of the anode (grams)・ The mass of the cathode deposition.19152B0. 062 (6. 2%)152 a.0. 062 (6. 2%)0. 042 (4. 2%)1.29.4D0. 042 (4. 2%)9.41.212, a team of extracurricular activities, will cut a piece of galvanized iron in the conical flask, and drops into a small amount of salt water to soak, addend phenolphthalein try drops again, according to the figure device experiment, observation, a few minutes later the following phenomenon is impossible:A,B, the air bubble in the ducts;B,B, a water column formed in the trachea;C,metal shears red; A BZinc is corroded;13, a new type of fuel cell, it is porous nickel plate as the electrode in KOH solution, then access to polar ethane and oxygen respectively, the overall reaction is: 2 c2h6 o2 + 7 + 8 KOH k2co3 + 10 二4 h2o; The correct inference about the batteryis:A, the negative reaction is: 14H20 + 702 + 28e -.B: after a period of discharge, the PH around the negative pole rises. C, 1 molc2h6, and 14 moles of electrons transferred on the circuit.D,the concentration of KOH in the process of discharge is essentially the same;14,contains two kinds of solute in a solution of NaCl and - H2S04, the amount of substance ratio of 3:1, the mixed solution with graphite electrode electrolysis, according to the electrode product, can be clearly divided into three stages・ The following statements are incorrect:A, the cathode starts from the beginning and only comes out of H2; B, the anode comes out of the C12, and then it comes out of 02.The final stage of C and electrolysis is electrolytic water; D, the PH of the solution goes up, up to 7.The anode is made of iron, and copper is an electrolyte of the sufficient amount of NaOH solution, and after a period of time, two moles of Fe (OH) 3 solid are obtained, and the water is consumed in this room:A, , 3 mol. B, 4 mol. C, 5 mol; D, 6 mol;16, 100 ml, 2 mo/liter of NaOH solution, 100 ml, 2 mo/1 - H2S04 solution and mix a certain amount of ammonia, the solution obtained make phenolphthalein solution show pale red, the relationship between ion concentration in the solution is correct:A, C (S042 —)二C (Na +) > C (NH4 +) >・B, C (Na +) > C (S042 -)> C (NH4 +)・C, C (NH4 +), >, C (S042 —)二 C (Na +), >, C (OH C(H +)・C (H +) + C (NH4 +) + C (Na +)二C (OH -)+ 2C (S042 -);The PH value of the acid and acetic acid are diluted to the original n times m, and the PH of the two solutions is still the same, and the relationship between n and m isA, m = n B, m > n C, m < n D, m? nThe volume of hydrochloric acid with the same volume, the same pH, NaOH, and NH3 H20 is VI, V2, and V3, and the three relationships are:A, VI, >, V2 bl, V3, B, V3, V2, > VI, C, V3, >, V2, V2, VI, V2, VI, V2, VI, V2, VI, V2, all the way to V2Second, fills up the topicHydrogen peroxide (H202) and water are extremely weak electrolytes, but H202 is more acidic than H20.(1)if you view H202 as a di-acid, write the ionization equation in the water:(2)because of the weak acidity of H202, it can form positive salt with strong base, and also form acid salt under certain conditions・ Write the chemical equation of the salt in the form of H202 and Ba (OH) 2:(3)hydroelectricity is dissociated from the generation of H30 + and OH 一called water・Like water, hydrogen peroxide has a very weak since I ionization, it accidentally ionization equation is as follows:;The industrial wastewater containing cr2o72-acid industrial waste water is used in the following way: the appropriate amount of NaCl is added to the industrial waste water, and the mixing is uniform・Using Fe to electrolyte the electrode, over a period of time there are Cr (OH) 3 and Fe (OH) 3 deposition; The waste water reaches the discharge standard. Try to answer:(1)electrode reaction in electrolysis: anode cathode(2)write an ion reaction equation that changes Cr2072 to Cr3 + •■(3)how does the precipitation of the Cr (OH) 3, Fe (OH) 3 deposit occur in the electrolysis process?It is known that the ionizing degree of ammonia is equivalent to the degree of ionization of acetic acid, which is equal to the same temperature, and the solution of ammonium chloride is acidic・ Now, in a small amount of Mg (OH) 2 suspension, add the right amount of saturated ammonium chloride solution, and the solid is completely dissolved. A classmate，s explanation is:It's Mg (OH) 2.(2) NH4 + + H20NH3? H20 + H +; H + OH 二H20;Because NH4 + hydrolysis is acidic, H + and OH - react to form water, causing the reaction to balance right and dissolve・The interpretation of classmate b is:It's Mg (OH) 2. NH4 plus OH minus NH3? H20.Because NH4 cl is ionized by an NH4 plus the OH, which is ionized by Mg (OH) 2, which produces a weak electrolyte NH3? H20, which causes the equilibrium between the reaction, right, and Mg (OH) 2 is dissolved ・(1) c student can，t sure which students reasonable explanation, then choose one of the following reagents, to prove that a, b two classmates explain only a right, he chooses reagent is: (fill in the number)A,NH4N03; B, CH3C00NH4; C, Na2C03; D, NH3? H20.(2)please explain why the classmate made the choice・(3) in the suspension of Mg (OH) 2, the selected reagent is put into the suspension of Mg (OH) 2. As a result of this, the interpretation of the classmate is more reasonable (the or 〃b〃)；Completing the NH4C1 saturation solution makes the ion equation for Mg (OH) 2 dissolved:.22. From H +, Na +, Cu2 +, Ba2 +, Cl 一，S042 一ion, choose appropriate ion of an electrolyte, electrolyte solution according to the following requirements to electrolysis (are inert electrode):(1)the electrolyte is reduced in electrolyte and the amount of water is constant・(2)the quality of the electrolyte is kept constant while electrolyte, the amount of water is reduced, and the electrolyte used is:(3)the quality of electrolytes and water changes when electrolysis, and the electrolyte used is;At room temperature, 0. 01 molCH3C00Na and 0. 004 mollICl dissolve in water and make 0. 5 L mixed solution. Judge:There is a particle in the solution;The amount of matter in the solution that has two particles must be equal to 0.01 moles, and they're sum;In this case, it's n (CH3COO 一) + n (OH -) -n (H +)二mol.Three, calculation problem24.Under a certain temperature to a certain volume density of 1. 15 g/ml of sodium chloride solution with inert electrodes electrolytic, set exactly the electrolysis of sodium chloride and no other reaction occurs, the oxygen mass fraction of 80% in the solution, try to calculate:(1)the ratio of the amount of solute and solvent in an electrolyte solution.(2)the concentration of the substance of the original sodium chloride solution・25.To 8 grams of divalent metal oxide solid dilute sulphuric acid is added to make it completely dissolved, known to the consumption of sulfuric acid volume is 100 ml, insert the platinum electrode in the solution of electrolysis, electricity after a certain period of time, collected on an electrode 224 ml (standard conditions) of oxygen, in another 1. 28 grams of the metal electrode・(1)the name of the metal oxide is determined by calculation.(2)the concentration of the substance in the solution of sulfuric acid (the volume of solution) is calculated by 100 ml.(2) ability testingA,multiple choiceAs people's quality of life improves, the problem that the battery must be focused on is raised to the agenda, which is the primary reasone the metal material of the battery caseB.prevent the contamination of soil and water by heavy metal ions such as mercury, cadmium and leadC.not to corrode other substances from the electrolyte that leaks inthe batteryRecycle the graphite electrodesThe following statement is trueZinc reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to make hydrogen,Adding a small amount of copper sulfate can accelerate the reaction. When the coating is broken, the white iron (galvanized iron) is more corrosive than the tin plate・ When plating, it is necessary to place the plated in the cathode of the electrolyte・When smelting aluminum, the aluminum oxide is added to the liquid crystal and it becomes the molten body and then the surface of the steel surface is easily corroded to produce Fe203 nh20A. in b. by c. with d. inThe right image is an electrolytic CuC12 solution, where c and d are graphite electrodes・ The following are the right onesA. a is negative, b is positive B・a is anode and b is cathodeIn the process of electrolysis, d electrode mass increases d. In the process of electrolysis, the concentration of chloride ions remains constantElectrolysis with inert electrodes・The following statement is correctA. electrolytic dilute sulphuric acid solution, which is essentiallyelectrolytic water, so the solution p H remains unchangedThe solution of sodium hydroxide is to consume OH -，so the pH of the solution decreasesC. electrolysis of sodium sulphate, which is a ratio of 1 to 2 in the cathode and anodeD.Electrolytic chlorinated copper solution, the ratio of the amount of matter in the cathode and anode is 1:1The correct description of the device in the right picture is correct A: this is an original batteryThis is an electrolytic NaOH solutionC. P is positive, and the electrode reaction is 2H + + 2e -二H2 arrowThe d. f. e is negative, and its electrodes react to it: 40H 一二2H20 + 02What happens when you get the reaction Cu + 2H20 二Cu (OH) 2 and the H2 arrowA.the copper is the anode of the original battery, the carbon is the anode of the original battery, and the sodium chloride is the electrolyte solutionB.copper zinc alloy is chemically corroded in damp aire copper to make Yin, electropositive, and electrolyte sodium sulphate solutione copper to make Yin, electropositive, electrolysis of copper sulfate solution 7. Hydrogen fuel cell is a kind of high performance battery, total reaction of 112 + 02 二2 1120, electrolyte solution of KOH solution, in the following concerning the describe of the battery is not correctA.H 2 is negative, 02 is positiveB. The PH of electrolyte solution is increasing at workThe negative reaction: 2h2-4e - + 40H - 二4H20When iron rods are connected with graphite rods, they are immersed in 0. 01 mol/L of salt solution, which may occurAn oh~b in the vicinity of an iron bar is corrodedRelease the C12 D. On the graphite rodUse the inert electrode electrolyte to electrolyte the Na2C03 solution, and if the temperature remains constant, it will be over a period of timeThe ratio of the pH of the solution to the c (Na +) and c (C032 -)is greaterC. The concentration of the solution is large, and the crystal is precipitated out・ The concentration of the solution is constant10. With a platinum electrode electrochemical a certain concentration of aqueous solution of the following materia1. After the electrolysis, add right amount of water to the rest of the electrolyte, can make the solution and electrolyticbefore is the sameA. gnoc3b・ cA, B, and C are three kinds of metals, in which case A and B are immersed in A dilute H2S04. (2) the amount of electrolytic material concentration in the same A and C of the mixed solution of salt, on the cathode precipitation C first, (using inert electrode), determineB, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, C, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, C, B, B, B, B, C, B, B, C, their reducing strength for sequenceB, B, B 12. With graphite electrode, electrolytic silver nitrate solution in the anode collected 0. 4 g of oxygen, and electrolytic acid generated 250 ml of a sodium hydroxide solution, is the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxideA. 0. 20 moles of IT. 0. 15 moles of 1-1 c. 10 moles of 1-1. 0. 05 moles of 1~113.The solid-oxide fuel cell was developed by Westinghouse・ It is an electrolyte from zirconium oxide, a solid electrolyte that allows oxygen ions (02 -) to pass through during high temperatures・ The battery，s working principle is shown in the diagram, where the porous electrode a and b are not involved in the electrode reaction・ The following is trueA.there's A very strong battery in the reaction of 02B.there is an H2 participating in the positive electrode of the BThe corresponding electrode for c a is 02 + 2H20The total reaction equation of the battery is 2H2 + 02 二2H2014. With a platinum electrode electrolysis of NaCl and the mixture of CuS04 solution, when circuit through the 4 mol, electronic power, Yin and Yang both produce 1. 4 mol, gas, after electrolytic solution volume is 4 1, the final pH value of electrolyte nearestA. four b. two c. 13 d. 14There is a button microcell with an electrode of Ag20 and Zn. Electrolytic cell is KOH solution, so commonly known as silver-zinc battery, the battery electrode reaction to zinc + OH - 2 + 2 二e zinc (OH) 2, Ag20 + H20 + 2 二2 e ag + OH - the following claims, the right is for (1) zinc anode, Ag20 (2) for the positive discharge, pH near the anode rise (3) discharging, near the cathode solution pH value lower (4) anion in the solution to the positive direction, cation to negative directionA. in b. by c. in d. inWhen using graphite as an electrode for electrolysis of 3 mol/LNaCl dnd 0.4 molar 2 (S04) 3, the following curve is correct ()Second, fills up the topic17. Molten salt fuel cells with high power generation efficiency, therefore, available Li2CO3, Na2C03 and molten salt mixture of electrolyte, CO as the anode gas, a mixture of air and C02 gas for cathode to gas and work under 650 °C of the f uel cell system, complete the relevant battery reactive: reactive: battery anode reaction: 2 CO + 2 co32 — > 4 C02 + 4 e -・The cathode reaction:, total reaction: battery.Add the Na2S04 solution to the u-tube, add a few drops of litmus test liquid, insert the inert electrode, and turn on the power suppl y.(1)the observable phenomenon is observed after a period of time.(2)to cut off the power supply, remove the electrodes will be in the u-tube solution in a small beaker, stirring, observable phenomenon is that the reason for this is that・If (3) to switch to the device electrolysis with a few drops of phenolphthalein try drops Na2C03 saturated solution of anode was observed after a period of time, the cathode・ 19. A research study to explore the influencing factors of steel rust, design the following solutions: A, B, C, D four little flask respectively into dry chicken wire, soaked in salt water of fine wire, fine wire soaked in water, salt water and fine wire, and make the wire completely immersed in salt water, and then to assemble as shown in the four sets of devices, every once in A while measuring the height of the catheter in the water rise, result in the following table data (listed in the table for the catheter in the height of water rise/cm)・The rise of water at different timesTime/hour0. 51.01.52.02.53.0A bottle (dry wire)B (iron wire with salt water)0.41.23.45.67.69.8C (the wire with water in it)(the wire that is fully immersed in the salt water)If you are the group leader, please answer the following questions: (1)why the water in the catheter rises・(2)in these experiments,The speed of wire rust is in the order of large to smal1.(3)the factors that affect the rust of steel are mainly.There are two different points of view about the "pH change in the electrolytic CuC12 solution":The idea is that the "theorist" thinks that the pH of the solution after electrolytic CuC12 is elevated・Point 2 it is, "experimental" after repeated several times, precise experimental determination, prove that the electrolytic CuC12 solution pH change as shown in the curve relationship with・ Please answer the following questions:(1)of CuC12 before electrolytic solution pH value at A point location is (with ion equation)・(2)the theoretical basis of the theory is that it isIt is.(3)^experimental^ experimental conclusion is that they are "precise experiment" is described through the accurate determination of the pH of the solution.(4)what do you think? Your point of view of the reason is that (briefly) through chemistry.A battery is a device that can charge and discharge repeatedly, with a battery that occurs when charging and dischargingThe reaction is: Ni02 + Fe + 2H20 Fe (OH) 2 + Ni (OH) 2Use this battery for electrolytic M (N03) x solution:(1)the anode (inert) of the electrolytic pool shall be connected (the serial number)・A.NIf the battery works for a period of time, it consumes 0. 36 grams of water・(2)the calculation of the relative atomic mass of M (N03) x when the M (N03) x solution increases to mg(using m and x).(3)this battery electrolysis contains 0. 01 moles of CuS04 and 0.01 moles of NaCl, and the anode produces gasL (standard condition), the solution of electrolysis after electrolysis is released to IL, the pH of the solution is.Three, calculation problem22.To 8 g of divalent metal oxide solid adding rare - 1I2S04, make its just completely dissolved, known by sulfuric acid volume is 100ml, insert the platinum electrode in electrolysis in the solution obtained, electricity after a certain period of time, collected on an electrode 224 ml (standard conditions) of oxygen, in another electrode on the metal precipitation 1. 28 g.(1)the name of the metal oxidation is determined by calculation.(2)the concentration of the substance in the solution of sulfuric acid (the volume of solution) is calculated by lOOmL・The basic chemistry foundation of chapter four(1)basic practiceone23456co DDB9 001415161718CBa.CDCCDBC(1)H02 - H++ 022 -(2)H202 + Ba (OH) 2 = Ba 02 + 2 H20.2H202 + Ba (OH) 2 = Ba (H02) 2+2 H20;(3) 2 H202 H02 - + H302 +(1)the anode・ Cathode: 2H + + 2e -二H2 arrow(2)Cr2072 - + 6Fe2 + + 14H + 二2Cr3 + + + 7H20(3)as the reaction progresses, the H + concentration decreases, the oh-concentration increases, and eventually the Cr (OH) 3, Fe (OH) 3 precipitates・21,(1) B; (2) the CH3C00NH4 solution appears neutral, whichcan prove which classmate is correct・⑶ b;22,(1) CuC12, HC1; (2) H2S04, Na2S04 (3) NaCl, BaC12, CuS0423,7 (1) ; (2) CH3COOH + CH3COO 二0. 01 moles; 0. 006 mol, (3);24,(1) 1:10 (2) 4.48 molar(1)the concentration of copper oxide (2) sulphuric acid is 0. 2 molar ・[please note: 224 ml (standard condition) oxygen is less than 8 grams with 1.28 grams・This shows that MS04 is not fully electrolytic!(2)ability testing oneC 広 DCO O02 + 2C02 + 4e - 二2C032-2C0 + 02 二2C02(1)the area is red near the anode and blue near the cathode・ The solution is also purple, and by electron conservation, the amount of H + and OH minus of the Yin and Yang is exactly the same, while the Na2S04 solution is not hydrolyzed and is neutra1.(2)the red is getting lighter; The red gradually deepens・(1)when iron rusts, it reacts with oxygen in the air, depleting oxygen and reducing the gas pressure in a small beaker.(2) B > C > A = D・(3)contact with oxygen; The presence of water; There is an electrolyte (or a salt) that is present, and at the same time the iron rusts the fastest (or from the condition of the battery that makes up the original battery)・(1)Cu2 + hydrolysis, the solution is acidic, Cu2 + + 2H20 Cu (OH) 2 + 2H +・(2)when electrolysis, the Cu2 + is separated by the cathode, and because the concentration of Cu2 + decreases, the hydrolysis equilibrium moves to the left, so the H + concentration decreases and the pH increases・(3)the pH of the solution is lower, pH.(4)the "experimentalisls" are correct because, while electrolysis, the anode is dialyse and C12 is dissolved in water to form hydrochloric acid・(1) A (2) 50mx (3) 0. 16& 222.(1)the metal is M, n (02)二0.01 mol, and the amount of matter measured by M is 0. 02 moles, according to the mo 1 ar mass of M, and the metal oxide is Cu0・(2)in accordance with the Cu ~ - H2S04,N of H2S04 is equal to 0. 02 moles・ one。

高中化学选修四《电化学基础》单元检测时间：90分钟，总分：100分一、选择题(本题包括17个小题，每小题3分，共51分)1．化学用语是学习化学的重要工具，下列用来表示物质变化的化学用语中，正确的是()A．惰性电极电解饱和食盐水时，阳极的电极反应式为：2Cl－－2e－===Cl2↑B．氢氧燃料电池的负极反应式为：O2＋2H2O＋4e－===4OH－C．粗铜精炼时与电源正极相连的是纯铜电极反应式为：Cu－2e－===Cu2＋D．钢铁发生电化学腐蚀的正极反应式为：Fe－2e－===Fe2＋2．下列叙述中，正确的是()①电解池是将化学能转变成电能的装置②原电池是将电能转变成化学能的装置③金属和石墨导电均为物理变化，电解质溶液导电是化学变化④不能自发进行的氧化还原反应，通过电解的原理有可能实现⑤电镀过程相当于金属的“迁移”，可视为物理变化A．①②③④B．③④C．③④⑤ D．④3．下列各装置中铜电极上能产生气泡的是()4．下列说法不正确的是()A．充电电池充电时，发生电解反应；放电时，发生原电池反应B．电镀时，应将镀层金属与电源正极相连C．电解饱和NaCl溶液时，阳极上放出黄绿色气体的同时还产生大量的氢氧化钠D．利用电化学原理保护金属主要有两种方法，分别是牺牲阳极的阴极保护法和外加电流的阴极保护法5．如图所示，铜片、锌片和石墨棒用导线连接后插入番茄里，电流表中有电流通过，则下列说法正确的是()A．锌片是负极B．两个铜片上都发生氧化反应C．石墨是阴极D．两个番茄都形成原电池6．在理论上不能用于设计成原电池的化学反应是()A. 4Fe(OH)2(s)＋2H2O(l)＋O2(g)===4Fe(OH)3(s)ΔH<0B．CH3CH2OH(l)＋3O2(g)===2CO2 (g)＋3H2O(l)ΔH<0C．Al(OH)3(s)＋NaOH(aq)===NaAlO2(aq)＋2H2O(l)ΔH<0D．H2(g)＋Cl2(g)===2HCl(g)ΔH<07．下列事实与电化学腐蚀无关的是()A．钢铁制品生锈后用盐酸处理B．黄铜(Cu、Zn合金)制的铜锣不易产生铜绿C．铜、铝电线一般不连接起来作导线D．生铁比熟铁(几乎是纯铁)容易生锈8．下列过程需要通电才能进行的是()①电离②电解③电镀④电泳⑤电化学腐蚀A．①②③B．②④⑤C．②③④D．全部9．对外加电流的金属保护中，下列叙述正确的是()A，被保护的金属与电源的正极相连B．被保护的金属与电源的负极相连C．在被保护的金属表面上发生氧化反应D．被保护的金属为阴极，其表面上不发生氧化反应，而发生还原反应10．我国某大城市今年夏季多次降下酸雨。