何兆熊综合教程B6U15Glossary

Unit 111111III. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word orphrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.1.The local council has decreed that the hospitals that are not able to reach the service standards should close.2. When Hamlet murmured "To be, or not to be", he was faced with an agonizing dilemma.3. The young mother smiled a pprovingly at her son who asked to play outdoors.4. The Prime Minister is now firmly ensconced in Downing Street with a large majority.5. We need a manager with plenty of flair to run the business in China.6. It is noticed that quick-minded people suffer no v ulnerability t o criticism.7. It was a relief to be outside in the fresh air again after staying weeks-long underground.8. The government's a vowed commitment to reduce tax has been largely appreciated.Unit3331.She thought she was too homely t o get a date.2. I could hear the note of a ppeal in her voice as she asked me to talk things over again.3. In this decade of politics, many more women have become magistrates.4. I hope that we can settle this issue amicably.5. This is a far from solemn book -- it is a rich mix of pleasures and information, and isfull of surprises.6. We rushed out of the shop in hot pursuit, but the thief had vanished into thin air.7. He twisted and turned, trying to free himself from the rope.8. I tried to excuse myself for missing her party but made the attempts very clumsily.U 5551.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affecthumans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely.2.The most distant l uminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away.3."Want some wine?" she asked. He smiled and took a swig from the bottle. He thanked her and r etreated a gain into his silence.obsessed by the possibilities 4.The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans becameof mechanized production and steam power.icons of 5.Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious death, into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds.metamorphoses over the past few 6.The employment department has undergone severalyears.7.Respect is never given freely; every shred of it has to be earned and you earn it by how well you treat others.8.The professor argued that these books had apernicious effect on young and susceptible minds.Uu 6666666661. Her manner is friendly and relaxed and much less formidable t han she appears at her after-game press conference.2. Nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.3.When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes.4. Where I part company with him, however, is over the link he forges between science and liberalism.5.Percy was lying p rostrate, his arms outstretched and his eyes closed.6. Given data which are free from bias, there are further snares to avoid in statistical work.7.In pragmatics, the study of speech, one is able to see how specific acts are related to a temporal and spatial context.8. His dad might have been able to say something solacing, had he not been fighting back his own flood of anguish.Unit 7777771.When his prospective employers learned that he smoked, they said they wouldn't hire him.2.In him the polarities of life are resolved and balanced, male and female,strength and c ompassion, severity and mercy.3.Inarticulate and rather shy, he had always dreaded speaking in public.4.Allegations of brutality and theft have been leveled at the army.5.Our government cannot keep doling o ut money to those who are fastidious about the jobs offered to them.6.He was deeply g rieved by the sufferings of the common people.7.Many studies have shown that "restrained eaters" will eventually binge and relapse.8.He reaffirmed his commitment to the country's economic reform programme.Unit 8888888881.This figure is five times the original estimate.2.They have no way to dispose of the hazardous waste they produce.3.Britain is intensifying its efforts to secure the release of three British hostages.4.Translation must always be a process of approximation and compromise.5.There's a sizzling summer of soccer ahead -- we're kicking it off with a series of cracking quizzes.6.Turning that vision into a reality is not easy.7.I don't envisage I will take an executive role, but rather become a consultant on merchandise and marketing.8.Surely it is economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources.Unit 101. Hallucination is common in patients who suffered damages to the brain.2. There are two main problems which a fflict people's hearing.3. Having begun my life in a children's home, I have the greatest empathy with the little ones.4. Some people need to confront a traumatic past, others find it better to leave it alone.5.A new survey found that 50% of women had experienced some form of sexual harassment in their working lives.6.He's large and languid, meeting each inquiry with an impassive countenance.7.From the very first days of the reforms, the parliament kept on an incessant drumbeat of protest.8.I deeply resented those sort of rumors being circulated at a time of deeply personal grief.Unit 12distribution o f wealth.. The new economic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable2.A number of enlightened l andowners have recently set an example by making land available at less than normal market value.3. The consensus amongst the world's scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.4. It is useless trying to c onvince her that she doesn't need to lose any weight.administrative 5. A great number of industries have to sack managers to reduce their hugecosts.6. Sadly, the main b eneficiaries of pension equality so far have been men, not women.7. He professed a violent distaste for everything related to commerce, production, and money.8. To make a sound diplomat is to first believe that bureaucratic delays are inevitable. Unit131.The Minister was alleged to have made disparaging remarks about the rest of theCabinet.2. The CEO was censured for his indecisiveness during the period of economic crisis.3. The actual damage to the brain cells is secondary to the damage caused to the bloodsupply.4.The Earth is thought to be around 4,600 million years old, an almost inconceivabletime-span.5. Harvard is one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country.6. It was a Puritan who tried effectively to renounce the ancient customs of his country.7. Lloyd's results were carefully s crutinized as a guide to what to expect from the otherbanks.8. We often get c omplimentary remarks regarding the cleanliness of our patio.Unit15II. 1.conform 2. adapt 3. adapt 4. conform1. neglecting2. neglect3. ignoring4. ignore1.zest2. interest3. zest4. interests1. strain2. strain3. stress4. stressIII.1．Excessive c onformity is usually caused by fear of disapproval.2．It did not require a great deal of p erception to realize that the interview was over when the interviewers had absent-minded.3． A new machine may save animals from the agony o f drug tests.4．He has published a great number of poems, but most anonymously.5．He has made a long-term investment, so he might expect to incur light losses in the first few years.6．When a book gets translated, all those linguistics subtleties get lost.7．It is your prerogative to stop seeing that particular therapist and find another one. 8．The proposal is a thinly d isguised effort to revive the price controls of the 1990s.Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%).BlackmailThe Duchess of Croydon – three centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind her – did not yield easily. Springing to her feet, her face wrathful, gray-green eyes blazing, she faced the grossness of the house detective squarely.克罗伊敦公爵夫人——依仗着三个半世纪祖传下来的狂傲天性——并没有轻易就范。

《综合教程》何兆熊第二册（第二版）Unit One1.Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audiencethe illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2.That ancient city was devastated by then fire, but fortunately the stone tabletsurvived.3.The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the childwho had become an orphan in the earthquake.4.In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leavetheir students behind and laid down their lives.5.The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completeduntil 1578 because building went off and on for lack o f money.6.In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned form abroad with amaster’s degree.7.It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm.8.It was hard to make it to the top in the movies industry, but as a director Xie Jindid it.Unit Two1.Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they arenot yet rich enough to afford them.2.Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was foundout by his wife.3.For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where hedenied himself many comports of life.4.I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is atthe mercy of the weather.5.When he was young he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned toChina he changed his mind and pursued a career as writer all his life.6.She’s taken up with a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to herparents.7.Since 1978, our economy has witnessed a rapid development; in contrast that ofsome developed countries has declined.8.The earthquake isolated this city from other areas. I’m afraid their food supplieswill not hold out through the winter.Unit 31.The fans waited anxiously in the rain for two hours before the “super girl” finallyshowed up.2.They had been in love for eight years, when they went through many agonies,before they finally got married.3.I was upset by the loss of my wallet, but I could only console myself------ it couldhave been worse. What if I had lost my passport at the airport?4.Given his age and inexperience/Given that he was young and inexperienced, hisperformance in the first movie was excellent.5.Every time he left on business, the manager would authorize his assistant to actfor him, as the business of the company couldn’t wait.6.The poor old man did not have much to eat, but he kept healthy because hebelieved in the benefit of doing exercise.7.Of all the ancient civilizations, only that of China has endured through the agesand is still full of vitality.8.Like many other writers, this young writer focuses on the eternal theme of love.What sets him apart form others is his keen observations of rural life in China.Unit 41.Children may swim here provided that they are accompanied by adults.2.This American journalist made a fool of himself over his remarks about China,because he’s been out of touch with what’s been happening in the country in the past decades.3.Every person has the right to education, regardless of his or her familybackground, sex, and age.4.The invention of the Internet, despite the fact that it has given rise to someproblems, has greatly facilitated almost every aspect of our life, including education, medicine, and business.5.Never overlook your travel insurance when you are planning to spend yourholiday abroad; otherwise you might find yourself in great trouble if any accident should occur.6.In the movie that billionaire was faced with a dilemma------ either divorce his wife,who would then carve out half of his financial empire, or murder her at the risk of being found out by the police.7.As the husband lost his job in the financial crisis, the new couple had to cut downon a lot of things ------ furniture, clothes, records, books, and so on.8.Over thirty years ago, right after the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping told thepeople that the only way out lay in reform and opening to the outside world.Unit 51.This film actor is more inclined than most people to help the handicapped becausehe himself suffered a stroke years ago.2.The old man is afflicted with rheumatism, but he still goes jogging andmountain-climbing every day.3.Some of the flaws in the American financial system, which had never received dueattention, eventually led to disastrous consequences.4.He held on to his shares of that company when the prices were dropping sharplylast year. Now he has made a fortune.5.Just dismiss the idea from your mind------it’s crazy and not worth thinking aboutat all.6.We were all set to leave for the holiday in New York when the 9/11 incident shookthe whole world.7.If you think I have a magic formula to solve the problem, you are bound to bedisillusioned.8.That Japanese company succeeded in penetrating the US market.Unit 61.Our group was assigned to decorate the garden while the others werepreparing the food in the kitchen.2.On the battlefield the young man was delighted to meet a long-lost brotherwho came out of the blue.3.Who has used up the mild? There is none to put in my coffee.4.Rumor has it that this painting is fake and that the original one was stolenthree years ago.5.One person may not be able to change much, but working together we’ll beable to make a great difference to our country.6.Many burglaries took place because the owners failed to take the precautionof locking their doors and windows.7.the minister flew to the front to negotiate with the rioters in an effort toprevent a civil war.8.I assumed you knew each other because I saw you talking with each other atthe party.Unit 71.He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed thefinal examination.2.As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were notenough handouts to go round.3.No matter what a long day he may have, he makes a point of checking hise-mail inbox before going to bed.4.Unemployment is found in all countries int eh world, but governments vary intheir way to handle the problem5.Anyone who has come to a foreign country for the first time is apt to findeverything around him both strange and interesting.6.The football fans were very disappointed at the performance of the players ofboth teams.7.Never take what he says at face value. Think it over yourself.8.The doctor’s words removed his fears about the operation.Unit 81.After months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with asolution, which was in essence our original proposal.2.The people of that African tribe worship the moon in much the same way thatour ancestors worshipped the sun.3.It is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over4,000 years ago. Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings.4.The illegal use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in thecollapse of the hotel.5.at present, many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of thefinancial crisis on their economy.6.The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels, which hadresulted form a lack of understanding.7.The governments of the two countries agreed to set up a military hotline toreduce the risk of war due to incorrect information.8.Some Chinese students were not very successful in American universitiesbecause they failed to adapt to the new environment there.Unit 91.In October, 1935, the Chinese Red Army, having endured all the hardshipsand sacrifices, finally made/fought their way to the north of Shanxi Province.2.In the economic crisis, the government released a statement, calling upon thepeople to buy local products as far as possible.3.The politicians in various countries are trying to harness nuclear energy andrestore the safe environment of the human race.4.He didn’t hear the doorbell because he was rapt in his work.5.This country suffers from frequent riots because of widespread extremepoverty as well as people’s inherent distrust of the corrupt government.6.In his lecture on the current economic situation, the economist used a lot offigures on the PPT to underline the seriousness of the crisis.7.He answered with a smile, “Not at all. I did this as much for you as formyself.”8. A man is measured not by what he says, but by what he does for his countryand people.Unit 101.He can’t even draw a distinction between French and Spanish, not to sayspeaking them.2.In a craze for cultural relics in the 1990s, old chinaware, such as those handeddown from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, were much sought after by collectors.3.Despite the opposition of most of his advisors, the general decided to take hischances on the battle and suffered a total defeat in the end.4.The Chinese nation has stood up to the vicissitudes of thousands of year andis now in the process of rejuvenation.5.I wish you would confine your talk to the facts rather than spread word aboutthe biased report in that newspaper.6.The first thing he did after his arrival in Paris was to convert all his moneyinto Euros.7.That Shakespearean play was tailored to the taste of the Chinese audiencewhen it was put on the Chinese stage, so much so that it was more like a Chinese play than an English one.8.You must abandon your native language for some time, if you really want toacquire a good competence in English.Unit 111.As my article was over 10,000 words, I finally had to cut out severalparagraphs to satisfy the requirements of the academic journal.2.There is nor running away from the facts, so we must face up to the truth andpay for our mistakes.3.That year, despite the car accident, he was promoted to the next grade after hepassed all the exams required by the school.4.The intellectuals of that country were very critical of the government’s newsocial welfare policy because, according to them, I would bring down the living standards of the working people.5.It is, to be sure, difficult to remove the resentment between them, but it is atleast worth trying.6.The government is taking all possible measures to bring down the prices lestinflation should get out of control.7.As the murderer denied all the charges, we had to convince the jury with moreevidence that he was guilty.8.Finally he managed to forgive his wife for her infidelity and was reconciledwith her after years of separation.Unit 121.His father died when he was only nice years old, leaving the whole familyhelplessly at the mercy of others.2.Her story stirred many beautiful memories of my childhood, which I havealways cherished in my heart.3.The two countries held several rounds of negotiation to settle theirdifferences.4.More and more students are opting for his course because of his humor andenergy as well as his effective way of teaching.5.In his speech the premier vowed to address the serious problem ofunemployment and to boost the income of the common people.6.The former Nazi officer who was arrested last year in Argentina wasprosecuted for the crimes that he had committed during the Second World War.7.The great value of this book rests in the fact that it has influenced andencouraged a whole generation of young people in their struggle against imperialism and feudalism.8.With regard to the silent students, the teacher should try to enhance theirself-confidence and encourage them to voice their ideas in class.Unit 131.Although she has been learning English for ten years, she is still not able tomake herself understood in the language because she has not paid enough attention to oral English.2.Just as our ancestors opened up the ancient Silk Road from China to Europe,so Columbus discovered the sea route between Europe and America.3.When he heard about Mary’s reconciliation with John, he was so jealous thathe was not able to conceal his disappointment.4.That scientist was doing a research project in order to throw some light on thenatural laws governing the aging of human beings.5.I am sorry I gave way the secret because I was not conscious of him standingnearby when I was talking to you.6.Nothing in the world can rival the human brain, not even then most advancedcomputer we can envisage.7.In addition to submitting a term paper, students taking this course will have towrite at least three books reports.8.The two classes are vying for the opportunity to represent our university inthe provincial debating competition.Unit 141.We are trying to console him because his girlfriend had broken off with him.2.The brilliant achievements of the young man put us all to shame.3.as the war in the African country was getting completely out of hand, theUnited Nations, disillusioned about a peaceful solution, decided to take peacekeeping actions.4.Our part was messed up because he did not show up that evening as he hadpromised.5.There are many reasons why they should divorce. To begin with, they are notcompatible at all.6.Many young people aspire to be film stars, but most of them end up doingordinary work.7.You have lost a lot, and it may have been the fault of your parents, but thatdoes not justify your being so rude to them.8.The rainy season usually sets in about mid June in this region, when it isusually fairly cool.。

1-We’ve been hitAdam Mayblum过去很享受看着暴风雨抽打他办公室窗户的场景：你认为这就是权力吗？Mayblum可能会讥笑。

我在世界贸易中心的87楼。

这就是权力。

百叶窗上的拉绳看起来像在轻轻地摇晃，但它只是一种假象。

虽然它是在距离地面1,040 英尺的高空中，但是世贸中心还是相当稳固的。

在9 月的那个早上，当Mayblum感觉到毁灭性的隆隆声时，他瞥了一眼拉绳。

他们被疯狂坠入3 英尺的任一方向。

那天早上，有数千人将被卷入一场惊心动魄的灾难，Mayblum也是其中的一员。

尽管多达25,000人找到了他们安全逃生的方式，但另外的5,000 人却没有逃脱得了这场灾难。

对于有些人来说，生死攸关的是此时此刻他们所在的地理位置---不仅是哪幢楼，哪一层，更重要的是在大楼的哪个角落。

对于有些人来说，选择使用哪一个楼梯是最基本的。

其他人所面对的则是终极的道德困境：拯救自己，还是拯救他人。

在名为戴维斯的金融服务公司里，Adam Mayblum办公室内的混乱持续了几秒钟。

他知道他需要逃离那里。

他把T恤撕成碎片，浸泡在水中，并分发给同事，用来捂住他们的脸。

其中：有一个是戴维斯的首席交易员---哈里·拉莫斯。

Mayblum曾与拉莫斯断断续续一起工作了14 年之久。

当他在楼梯上急速奔跑时，火花溅在了他的脚踝上。

当他冲下一段楼梯之后，他才意识到他的贸易伙伴，朱红还落在后面。

他又跑上楼，此时这个地方充满了烟和燃烧的喷气燃料。

看不到朱红的影子。

Mayblum又冲下楼梯，成功到达了78 楼，这里恰好是有一部电梯和一个楼梯的中转大厅。

他看到了一个令人放心的景象，拉莫斯已经淌进混乱的场面中，协助恐慌的工人转到安全的楼梯间。

Mayblum继续往下跑，他小腿的肌肉因抽筋而收缩。

在53层。

他碰见了一个身材粗壮的男人，他的腿无法移动了。

“你想自己过来，还是你想要我们来帮助你？”Mayblum大声喊道。

这个男的说自己需要帮助，Adam Mayblum答应了。

Unit 11一、词汇短语Text Iintersect [] v. 贯穿（某地）；与…相交，交叉【例句】The orbit of this comet intersects the orbit of the Earth. 这颗彗星的轨道和地球的轨道相交。

【助记】inter中间，sect切断-从中间切断-如：小路贯穿公园stout [] adj. 肥壮的，胖的；结实的，牢固的【例句】My father was short and rather stout. 我父亲身材矮胖结实。

crystalline [] adj. 水晶的；透明的【例句】Now there is nothing to see beneath the crystalline sky but the uneven tops of second-growth trees. 现在，晶莹的天穹下除了高低不等的再生树冠之处，什么也看不见了。

stoutness [] n. 坚固；刚毅；肥满【例句】He has an inclination to stoutness.他有发福的趋势。

Gospel [] n. （圣经中记载耶稣生平和教诲的）福音书【搭配】preach the Gospel传布福音tangle [] n. 纠结的一团，混乱状态；口角v. （使）缠绕；变乱；处于混乱状态【例句】His thoughts were in a tangle. 他的思想陷入混乱之中。

【助记】谐音：“探戈”（tango）→两个人纠缠在那里跳探戈。

【派生】tangled adj. 紊乱的；纠缠的；缠结的；复杂的asceticism [] n. 禁欲主义，苦行【例句】Humanistic artists opposed asceticism with humanism. 人文主义艺术家以人文主义反对禁欲主义。

ascent [] n. 上升，升高，攀登；上升坡度，上坡，上坡路【例句】The last part of the ascent is very steep. 最後一段上坡路很陡。

大学综合英语第二册基础英语何兆熊课文及译文LettertoaBL e t t e r t o a B s t u d e n tYour final grade for the course is B. A respectable grade. Far superior to the "Gentleman's C" that served as the norm a couple of generations ago. But in those days A's were rare: only two out of twenty-five, as I recall. Whatever our norm is, it has shifted upward, with the result that you are probably disappointed at not doing better. I'm certain that nothing I can say will remove that feeling of disappointment, particularly in a climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special programs.Disappointment. It's the stuff bad dreams are made of: dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there's never enough of it to go round in azero-sum game where one person's winning must be offset by another's losing, one person's joy offset by another's disappointment. You've grown up in a society where winning is not the most important thing—it's the only thing. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke—these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.My purpose in writing you is to put your disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what your grade means and doesn't mean. I do not propose to argue here that grades are unimportant. Rather, I hope to show you that your grade, taken at face value, is apt to be dangerously misleading, both to you and to others.As a symbol on your college transcript, your grade simplymeans that you have successfully completed a specific course of study, doing so at a certain level of proficiency. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks: taking tests, writing papers and reports, and so forth. Your performance is generally assumed to correspond to the knowledge you have acquired and will retain. But this assumption, as we both know, is questionable; it may well be that you've actually gotten much more out of the course than your grade indicates—or less. Lacking more precise measurement tools, we must interpret your B as a rather fuzzy symbol at best, representing a questionable judgment of your mastery of the subject.Your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your character. Courage, kindness, wisdom, good humor—these are the important characteristics of our species. Unfortunately they are not part of our curriculum. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in short supply. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued—and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper. Your B is a price tag on a garment that is quite separate from the living, breathing human being underneath.The student as performer; the student as human being. The distinction is one we should always keep in mind. I first learned it years ago when I got out of the service and went back to college. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry to get our degrees and move on, impatient with the tests and rituals of academic life. Not an easy group to handle.One instructor handled us very wisely, it seems to me. On Sunday evenings in particular, he would make a point of stoppingin at a local bar frequented by many of the GI-Bill students. There he would sit and drink, joke, and swap stories with men in his class, men who had but recently put away their uniforms and identities: former platoon sergeants, bomber pilots, corporals, captains, lieutenants, commanders, majors—even a lieutenant colonel, as I recall. They enjoyed his company greatly, as he theirs. The next morning he would walk into class and give these same men a test. A hard test. A teston which he usually flunked about half of them.Oddly enough, the men whom he flunked did not resent it. Nor did they resent him for shifting suddenly from a friendly gear to a coercive one. Rather, they loved him, worked harder and harder at his course as the semester moved along, and ended up with a good grasp of his subject—economics. The technique is still rather difficult for me to explain; but I believe it can be described as one in which a clear distinction was made between the student as classroom performer and the student as human being. A good distinction to make. A distinction that should put your B in perspective—and your disappointment.Perspective. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy, suffering and achievement. Warfare, sickness, disasters, public and private—these are the larger coordinates of life. T o recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically irrelevant and misleading. It is true that these labels are necessary in the functioning of a complex society as a way of letting us know who should be trusted to do what, with the result that we need to make distinctions on the basis of grades, degrees, rank, and responsibility. But these distinctionsshould never be taken seriously in human terms, either in the way we look at others or in the way we look at ourselves.Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person. I'm well aware that B students tend to get B's in the courses they take later on, just as A students tend to get A's. But academic work is a narrow, neatly defined highway compared to the unmapped rolling country you will encounter after you leave school. What you have learned may help you find your way about at first; later on you will have to shift to yourself, locating goals and opportunities in the same fog that hampers us all as we move toward the future.Letter to a B student 写给中等生的一封信你的期末成绩是一个B，一个过得去的等级。

“教—学—研”模式的英语专业高级英语课程教改试验作者：韦少华来源：《黑龙江教育学院学报》2015年第01期摘要：学生学习高级英语课的目标不再仅仅是语言知识，更重要的是将语言知识运用到学术性的研究和活动中去。

注重在学习语言的同时，训练学术能力，把单一的语言学习和学术研究训练相结合的学习体验。

基于此，选择综合性很强的学术英语教材《综合英语教程》第5册和第6册（何兆熊主编），实施“教—学—研”模式下的教改试验，以期在提高学生语言能力的同时，全面提高他们的学术素养。

关键词：教学改革；高级英语；读书报告；学术能力中图分类号：H642文献标志码：A文章编号：10017836（2015）010153021教学改革思路多年的教学实践表明，学术语言的训练不能脱离具体的研究任务，脱离了研究任务，没有目标的学术英语教学是无厘头的语言游戏，学生难以从中受益。

基于上述考虑，笔者从2009年开始进行了探索性的教学改革试验。

参加试验的是三年级的学生，共四届，分布在8个教学班中，总人数约240人，先后有5名教师参与，使用何兆熊等编著的《综合英语教程》第五册和第六册教材。

学生学术语言的训练应抓住下列三个关键问题：（1）优秀的学术性文本的示范作用。

这些文本能够把一个具体的学术问题展示给学生。

学生在讨论这些核心知识的同时，能够获得基本的语言知识，如专业词汇、短语、句法、语篇和语体的结构等。

教师的主要任务是帮助学生消化吸收这些学术思想，建构学术知识的框架，并在具体的任务下获得一定的语言知识。

（2）科学思维能力。

学术性语言是一个功能概念，因此学生需要依照特定的研究问题展开合乎要求的逻辑思考。

常见的一些学术逻辑思考任务包括合理地交代研究背景、准确地选择并描绘研究方法、合理地表述当下的研究和以往的研究之间的关系等，最后也是最重要的一点是，运用证据来回答研究的问题。

这些能力在学术研究中不是孤立的，而是与语言运用密切相关的。

在逻辑思维的过程中，语言的运用非常重要，它既是思维的工具，同时又是学习和训练的目标。

何兆熊《综合教程（6）》（第2版）学习指南-unit10【圣才出品】Unit 10一、词汇短语Text Iprelude [] n. 序言，序幕，序曲【例句】For him, reading was a necessary prelude to sleep. 对他来说，阅读是入睡的必要前奏。

haste [] n. 匆忙，急忙；草率v. 赶快；匆忙【例句】Marry in haste and repent at leisure.（谚）草率结婚后悔多。

【助记】将该词分解成词义为“有”的英语单词has和汉字“特”的拼音te，则可记成：因有（has）特（te）急事，脚步很匆忙。

【派生】hasty adj. 轻率的；匆忙的；草率的；性怠的consolidate [] v. 巩固，加强；综合，统一，合并【例句】She consolidated her power during her first year in office. 她在任职的第一年内巩固了自己的权力。

【助记】con（表加强）＋solid（坚固的）＋ate（动词后缀）；【派生】consolidated adj. 巩固的；统一的；整理过的consolidation n. 巩固；合并；团结tempo n. 节奏，行进速度；（音乐）速度【例句】We won’t let any unreasonable delay upset the tempo of production.我们决不容许任何毫无道理的迟延扰乱了生产的发展速度。

【搭配】quick / slow tempo快速/慢速the tempo and the feeling of modern life现代生活的节奏和情感rouge n. 胭脂，口红v. 在…上擦口红【例句】Do you want to have a try of this new rouge?您想试试这种新胭脂吗？tag n. 标签；附属物；标记符；鞋带；垂饰vt. 加标签于；附加vi. 紧随【例句】She peered at the tag to read the price. 她细看标签以看清价格。

Unit1一、词汇短语Text Ish[]vi.to hit violently or suddenly突然冲击，猛烈打击：The rain wasslashing the windows.雨正急打着窗子。

vt.to whip sth violently鞭打：He slashed the horse cruelly.他狠狠地鞭打那匹马。

2.scoff[]v.to laugh at嘲笑，嘲弄：You are not supposed to scoff at religion.你不应该嘲笑宗教信仰。

搭配scoff at意为“嘲笑，嘲弄”。

3.drawstring[]n.a string or cord that can be pulled tighter orlooser to tie up bags拉绳，抽绳：It is a small bag closing with adrawstring and used especially for carrying loose items.这是一种用拉绳系上的小袋子，用于装零碎物品。

4.illusion[]n.a）something that deceives a person by seeming tobe real错觉，幻觉，错误观念：The sun appears to go around the earth,butit is an illusion.太阳看起来好像围着地球转，但这是错觉。

b）a false fact假象：The mirrors all around the walls give an illusion of greater space.墙的四周都是镜子，给人造成一种空间很大的假象。

5.rumble[]n.隆隆声：We could tell from the rumble of the thunderthat rain was coming.我们从隆隆的雷声就可以知道快要下雨了。

make a comeback purport to be eliminated find sth. alluringexult over toss into scribble all over be clogged witha vista of call up bombard with compress into1、The roads _______________ holiday traffic.2、This study _______________ show an increase in the incidence of the disease.3、After a hard climb，we were rewarded by _______________ rolling hills under a deep blue summer sky.4、The children _______________ her _______________ questions.5、They _______________ their victory.6、The baby’s just _______________ my new dictionary！7、I didn’t _______________ the prospect of a house with no electricity very _______________.8、She’s trying to _______________ with her first album in nearly twenty years.9、You can use the search facility to _______________ all the occurrences of a particular word in a document.10、He glanced at the letter and then _______________ it _______________ the bin.11、He _______________ in the third round of the competition.12、I managed to _______________ ten pages of notes _______________ four paragraphs.drag into speak up for rife with of one’s own accordration out single out trudge through beside oneselfin place on the warpath see through comply with1、The office was _______________ rumors.2、Ann _______________ the cake between the children.3、The arrangements are all _______________ for the concert next Thursday.4、There are serious penalties for failure to _______________ the regulations.5、The course would take me three years to complete，but I was determined to _______________ it _______________.6、She has often _______________ the rights of working mothers.7、If there was one thing she couldn’t face in the morning it was her mother _______________.8、He was _______________ with grief when she died.9、Don’t _______________ me _______________ your argument！It has nothing to do with me.10、I spent the whole weekend _______________ this report，and I still haven’t finished reading it.11、She came _______________. No one asked her to come.12、It’s not fair the way my sister is always _______________ for special treatment.come across make an impression side effect liken topress release confront with lace up dash offinherent in hark back blow away weed out1、The Department of Transport has issued a _______________ about the proposals for the new motorway.2、He’s always _______________ to his childhood and saying how things were better then.3、She _______________ the letter _______________ in five minutes.4、The first round of interviews only really serves to _______________ the very weakest of applicants.5、He _______________ as a bit of a bore in interviews.6、They __________ the other team ___________ in the second half of the game.7、Does this drug have any _______________？8、He _______________ quite _______________ on the girls at the tennis club.9、She can _______________ her shoes and she’s only five！10、She seems completely unaware of the contradictions _______________ her professed point of view.11、She’s been _______________ a young Elizabeth Taylor.12、I thought I would remain calm，but when I was _______________ the TV camera，I became very nervous.hold a referendum read one’s lips a chorus of be tolerant ofdemonstrate turn on the charm participate in insecuritynurture fall into the trap of1、She never _______________ any of our discussions，does she？2、Don’t ________ thinking you can learn a foreign language without doing any work.3、Even as a young boy he knew how to __________ when he wanted something.4、These figures clearly _______________ the size of the economic problem facing the country.5、She had developed an outgoing personality to mask her deep _______________.6、I think men _______________ less _______________ stress than women.7、She _______________ across the busy conference hall－“Time to go.”8、There was _______________ disapproval at his words.9、Is it more democratic to _________，rather than let the government alone decide？10、As a record company director，his job is _______________ young talent.in jeopardy screw up in question flat outtick off take their toll sotto voce winnow downdragoon into follow suit fork over stem from1、I’ve been _______________ giving the after-dinner speech.2、I stayed at home on the night _______________.3、The lives of thousands of birds are _______________ as a result of the oil spillage.4、When one airline reduces its prices，the rest soon _______________.5、I _______________ my exams last year.6、The problems of the past few months have _______________ on her health and there are shadows beneath her eyes.7、Their disagreement _______________ a misunderstanding.8、The remark was uttered _______________.9、We had to _______________ ten bucks to park near the stadium.10、_______________ each item on the list as you complete it.11、A list of 12 candidates has been _______________ to a shortlist of three.12、She told him _______________ that she would not go to the show.within the bounds the depth of yearning for hasten toroot out make an appearance give a damn have a hold oncome by stand aloof1、Ms Campbell has been appointed to _______________ inefficiency in this company.2、Their company _______________ strong _______________ the computer market.3、What he did was _______________ of acceptable behavior.4、The famous movie star ____________ rare personal _____________ last Friday.5、They had not realized _______________ their feelings for one another.6、The president _______________ reassure his people that he was in perfect health.7、Cheap organic food is still difficult to _______________.8、He can think what he likes about me－I don’t _______________！9、Although many of his friends were politicians，he _______________ from politics.10、I suppose it’s because I live in a crowded city that I have this _______________ open spaces.oppose to in search of stand out put asidetempt by invalid out disengage from cling toedit out give way to crusade against last-ditch attempt1、In a ______ to save his party from electoral defeat，he resigned from the leadership.2、You’re ________ fate ________riding your bike without wearing a bicycle helmet.3、Let’s _______________ our differences _______________ and make a fresh start.4、In some areas，modern intensive farming is _______________ the re-introduction of traditional methods.5、She was shot by a sniper when she went out _______________ firewood.6、Most of the violent scenes were _______________ for television.7、The number-one rule for being a good colleague is to ____________ your emotions __________ the working relationship.8、She’s _______________ religious education in schools.9、She _______________ the hope that her husband will come back to her.10、We had lots of good applicants for the job，but one _________ from the rest.11、She _______________ sex and violence on television.12、She was ___________ of the service because of injuries she received in a fire.redeem from let go wither away pore overkeep in perspective on the wane glean from dawn onreconcile to respond to1、She must _______________ herself _______________ the fact that she must do some work if she wants to pass her exams.2、There are signs that support for the party is _______________.3、She managed to save enough money to _______________ her jewellery _______________ the pawn shop.4、_______________ what I was able to _______________，the news isn’t good.5、For patients who do not ___________ drug treatment，surgery is a possible option.6、_______________ of my hand，you’re hurting me！7、I was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly _______________ me that I’d left my cheque book at home.8、He _______________ the letter searching for clues about the writer.9、You must _______________ things _______________－the overall situation isn’t really that bad.10、This country is in danger of allowing its industrial base to _______________.merge into cut off in respect suck intocheat ... of in infancy guard against concern within sphere as regards1、This proposal differs from the last one _______________ many important _______________.2、They decided to _______________ the two companies _______________ one.3、There is no problem _______________ the financial arrangements.4、Regular exercise helps _______________ heart disease.5、If this bill is not paid within five days，your gas supply will be _______________.6、There’s no need for you to ___________ yourself ____________ what happened.7、The system is still _______________ its _______________.8、I really don’t want any part in this whole argument，but I can feel myself being _______________ it.9、The minister said that the government planned to develop exchanges with other countries，particularly _______________ cultural，scientific and economic _______________.10、She claimed that her cousin had ___________ her _________ her inheritance.despise for serve purpose divorce from be dubious about cling to feed the flames convey to go withoutpay the price say nothing of compose of in bulk1、If you abuse your body now，you’ll _______________ when you’re older.2、I _______________ his promises to change his ways.3、The office buys paper _______________ to keep down costs.4、His speeches _______________ of racial tension.5、I’d rather _______________ food than work for him.6、Sometimes politicians seem to be _______________ reality.7、Could you ____________ a message ___________ Mr. Merrick for me，please？8、It would be an enormous amount of work，to _______________ the cost.9、The audience was _______________ largely _______________ young people.10、He _______________ himself _______________ being such a coward.11、She _______________ the hope that her husband will come back to her.12、These small village shops _______________ a very useful _______________.Unit 13spill over swirl around creep in aflame withresolute in rise to run its course scented withsurge up run down lay up gorge on1、A few mistakes always _______________ during the editing process.2、Her rapid _______________ fame meant that she made many enemies.3、She felt a wave of resentment _______________ inside her.4、The fog _______________ thickly _______________ us.5、You’ll _____________ the battery _____________ if you leave your car lights on.6、If you _______________ yourself _______________ crisps like that，you won’t eat your dinner.7、You’re _______________ trouble for yourself if you ignore health problems now.8、She’s utterly _______________ her refusal to apologize.9、I try not to let my work _______________ into my life outside the office.10、Her cheeks were _______________ embarrassment.11、The air was _______________ lavender.12、The doctor’s advice is to let the fever _______________.11。

何兆熊《综合教程（6）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】Unit7一、词汇短语Text Iphenomenon[]n.现象；事件；非凡的人；特殊的事物【例句】They were phenomena in the history of music.他们是音乐史上的杰出人物。

【助记】音“狒脑美嫩”。

南方有一名吃,叫活猴脑,味道美嫩得很。

狒狒是产于非洲的一种猴子,其活脑也美嫩得很吧。

非典警告人们,乱吃野味,还会重来。

搞“狒脑美嫩”这种“现象”坚决不行。

handicap[]n.缺陷，障碍；不利条件，困难v.妨碍，使不利，阻碍【例句】Lack of money handicapped him in his business badly.缺少资金对他的生意十分不利。

【助记】手里（hand）拿着我（i）的帽子（cap）妨碍（handicap）我工作。

sit-in[]n.静坐抗议，静坐罢工【例句】protesters have set up a tent where they have been staging a sit-in for months.抗议人士搭起了帐篷，在那里静坐抗议已经长达几个月了。

【搭配】sit-in strike静坐罢工；留厂罢工sit-in demonstration静坐示威stage/hold a sit-in举行静坐示威boycott[]vt.联合抵制，拒绝参与n.抵制，拒绝【例句】We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。

【词组】put sb.[goods]under a boycott对某人[货物]实行联合抵制【助记】boy（男孩）＋cott（联想conon）→男孩子们联合抵制棉花。

incredulous[]adj.不轻信的，怀疑的，不相信的【例句】People nowadays are incredulous about ghosts and witches.现在人们都不相信鬼神和女巫了。