专题五 介词和介词短语
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专题五介词和介词短语1.掌握时间介词的用法和区别,熟练运用时间介词on,in,at等;2.掌握地点、方位介词的用法和区别;3.掌握表示方式、手段和工具的介词的基本用法及区别;4.准确区分易混淆介词和介词短语,并能在具体语境中灵活运用。
安徽中考近几年对介词的考查主要是介词辨析及介词短语辨析,每年至少设置一道题。
单项填空设题多以单句形式为主,内容涉及家庭生活、学校生活等与考生有关的各个方面。
预测安徽中考对介词的考查仍会以介词辨析和介词短语辨析为主。
名师考点精讲学思结合高效突破常见时间介词辨析1.in,on和at介用法举例2.in,after和before3.by和until/till4.其他常见时间介词常见方位介词辨析1.at,in,on和toat 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”。
(如图: )at the doorat the airportat the stationat Park Streetin 表示“在(大地方)”或“在……范围之内”。
(如图: )in Chinain the north表示A地属于B地。
(如图: )Hainan lies in the south of China.中国的一部分on表示A地不属于B地,但AB两地接壤。
(如图: ) Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province.西边。
to 表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤。
(如图: )Japan lies to the east of China.围之外2.on,above,below,over和under表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触。
(如图: )He puts his watch on the desk.上。
(如图: )belo 与above 反义,表示非垂直且不与表面接触的下方。
(如图:)There is a lake below the mountain.湖。
专题五介词及介词短语高考精萃1.(2014·北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour. 2.(2014·天津卷)________ to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.3.(2014·重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road. 4.(2014·福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background. 5.(2014·浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________ .6.(2014·浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.7.(2014·陕西卷)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.8.(2014·江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth. 9.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 10.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.11.(2013·北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. 12.(2013·山东卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children. 13.(2013·浙江卷)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner.__________the meanwhile, I'll set the table.14.(2013·福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________the way whenever she tries to.15.(2013·辽宁卷)________behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 16.(2013·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ________regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.17.(2013·湖北卷)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered________chance a long lost antique Greek vase.18.(2013·陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will________time.19.(2013·安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.20.(2012·安徽卷)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be________life.21.(2012·福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________the benefit of all its citizens.22.(2012·浙江卷)________all the animals I've ever had,these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.23.(2012·浙江卷)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.24.(2012·陕西卷)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________ it.25.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.26.(2011·北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color. 27.(2011·上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.28.(2011·天津卷)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects. 29.(2011·重庆卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library. 30.(2011·安徽卷)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems. 31.(2011·江苏卷)We'd better discuss everything________detail before we work out the plan. 32.(2011·浙江卷)I always wanted to do the job ________ which I'd been trained.33.(2011·湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor ________ younger men.34.(2010·江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all.35.(2010·福建卷)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space. 答案与解析1.in句意:简很着急,因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。
语法专题五介词和介词短语近6年吉林中考主要在句意填词、单项选择和短文填空中考查介词的基本用法。
解答此类试题的关键是掌握常见介词的含义及用法,区分各介词之间的区别,尤其是方位、时间和方式这三类介词。
命题点1方位介词1.across, through, over和past单词含义及用法across 意为“横过;穿过”,着重指从一边到另一边,指从表面通过through 意为“穿过;通过;经过”,指从空间内部通过over 意为“横过;越过”,指从上方经过、跨越past 意为“经过”,指从旁边经过Can you swim across the river?你能游到河的对岸吗?After you go through the gate, you'll see a beautiful garden. 穿过门之后,你将看到一个美丽的花园。
We must go over the mountain. 我们必须越过那座山。
I often go past the shop after school. 我经常在放学后经过这个商店。
2.between, among表示在两者之间用between;在三者或三者以上之间用among。
3.in front of和in the front ofThere is a tree in front of the classroom.教室(外)的前面有一棵树。
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室(内)的前面有一块黑板。
4.above, over, below和underThe plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
The coat reaches below the knees. 那件大衣盖过膝盖。
专题五介词和介词短语贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求介词和介词短语考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值介词辨析201534 时间介词in/on/at1分68 时间介词during/after/before1分201439 时间介词in/at/on1分201232 with表达式with/under/without 1分201157 时间介词ago/before/later1分固定搭配201641 固定搭配is in controlof/isresponsiblefor/is__known__for1分65 固定搭配put up/turndown/cut__off1分92 介词短语are__thirsty__for1分95 介词短语according to 1分201368 固定搭配talk__with/talk about/talkaloud1分88 固定搭配for/in→for 1分201238 固定搭配turn on/turndown/turn__off1分42 介词短语fix__up/setup/put up 1分58 介词短语felloff/fell__into/fell down1分70 介词短语got in/goton/got__out1分介词是贵阳中考单项选择的必考点,主要考查介词的固定搭配,如:write with(用……写),at age+数字(在……岁时),be different from(不同于……)。
同时也注重on的基本用法,如:on表时间、方位、方向等,同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析,如in,at,for,to,by,of等。
设题形式多为简单句,以两个分句居多,词数为9~12。
另外,完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析,如:with表伴随,from表来源,like表列举,同时涉及其他介词的辨析,如above,under,for,into,of等。
此外,也涉及到了介词的固定搭配,如:on the right(在右边),think about(考虑)等。
专题五介词和介词短语时间:30分钟,分值:24分山西真题考场零失误1.(2019·山西)By developing a grateful attitude, you can be turned away from what’s troubling you, and what makes you happy.A.againstB.towardC.through2.(2019·山西)He communicates with simple words yes and no.A.exceptB.likeC.against3.(2019·山西)The“teacher-free exam”means that students take their exams teachers.Students must be more honest.A.withoutB.againstC.through4.(2019·山西)She was young and pretty,and she was loved by every student Donnie.A.includingB.exceptC.without5.(2019·山西)Except for working hard, we should give more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep. , health always comes first.A.For exampleB.After allC.So far6.(2019·山西)When you’re invited to have dinner at home by anAmerican friend, you should be or a little later. It’s different from our Chinese custom.A.on timeB.on businessC.on show7.(2019·山西)Pandas are much-loved around the world. Unluckily, there aren’t many pandas left and they’re now. So we must save them. A.in order B.in danger C.in need全国新题提分真功夫8.(2019·天津)In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy.A.besideB.amongC.upD.through9.(2019·河北)Salt takes in plenty of water, so most bacteria cannot livea salty environment.A.inB.outsideC.forD.without10.(2019·安徽)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game Class Three.A.ofB.inC.againstD.from11.(2019·湖北)She decided to take her grandmother their hometown and live with her in a rented room(出租房) near her school.A.fromB.inC.toD.for12.(2019·广东)Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness October 30,1945, aged only 40.A.atB.inC.onD.by13.(2019·广西)—It’s said that the best way to relax is exercise.—I see. But you should keep away dangerous sports.A.with;fromB.for;offC.through;fromD.through;by14.(2019·北京)Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift you.A.forB.inC.withD.from15.(2019·重庆)I always play basketball to relax myself Saturdays.A.onB.inC.atD.by16.(2019·福建)Blue whales are. We should try to protect them.A.in timeB.in publicC.in danger17.(2019·辽宁沈阳)The rabbit was hurt. It ran away.A.in orderB.in needC.in fearD.in surprise实战预测把脉新中考18.(2019·原创预测)Where’s Lily?We are all here her.A.aboutB.exceptC.with19.(2019·原创预测)She sent her friend a postcard a birthday present.A.asB.forC.of20.(2019·原创预测)English is widely used travelers and business people all over the world.“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼,从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂,“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。
只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书,最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。
《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也?”;《论语》中的“有酒食,先生馔”;《国策》中的“先生坐,何至于此?”等等,均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。
其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者,有德之称”的说法。
可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意,倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。
看来,“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称,并非具学问者的专称。
称“老师”为“先生”的记载,首见于《礼记?曲礼》,有“从于先生,不越礼而与人言”,其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”,与教师、老师之意基本一致。
A.to B.for C.by21.(2019·原创预测)the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.A.UnderB.InC.With22.(2019·改编预测)A TV show called National Treasure invites famous stars to act out the story behind the treasures. , it attracts lots of people.A.In this wayB.On the one handC.After all23.(2019·改编预测)I found out that we had a lot.For example, we’re both girls with a strong will.A.in needB.in commonC.in public24.(2019·改编预测)Happiness depends upon ourselves.,we make our own happiness.A.In other wordsB.In a wordC.In fact参考答案山西真题1.B2.B3.A4.A5.B6.A7.B全国新题“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼,从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂,“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。
只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书,最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。
《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也?”;《论语》中的“有酒食,先生馔”;《国策》中的“先生坐,何至于此?”等等,均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。
其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者,有德之称”的说法。
可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意,倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。
看来,“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称,并非具学问者的专称。
称“老师”为“先生”的记载,首见于《礼记?曲礼》,有“从于先生,不越礼而与人言”,其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”,与教师、老师之意基本一致。
8.A9.A10.C11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A 16.C17.C这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。
要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。
其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。
如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。
如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗?实战预测18.B19.A20.C21.C22.A23.B24.A。