高中英语语法:反义疑问句专项讲解(含答案)
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第 1 页 高中英语语法:反义疑问句专项讲解(含答案)
一、反义疑问句
又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1. 陈述部分为肯定式 + 疑问部分为否定式
(要是陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式)
e.g. She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
Tom dislikes the book, doesn’t he?
2. 陈述部分为否定式 + 疑问部分为肯定式
(陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定或半否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定式。)
e.g. He can’t ride a bike, can he?
Some plants never blown (着花), do they ?
二、附加疑问句
(一)主语的选择
1.陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I’m as tall as your sister, aren't I?
注:当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如:
I find English very interesting, don’t you?
I don’t like that film, do you?
2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they,亦可用he,如:
Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t they?
Everyone enjoyed the party, didn’t they?
Nobody wants to go there, does he?
3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,如:
Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?
Nothing is kept in good order, is it?
Something must be done to stop pollution, isn’t it?
4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they,如:
This is important, isn’t it?
That isn’t correct, is it?
These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?
5.要是陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合下可以用you或he,如:
One can’t be too careful, can one?或can you?
One should do his duty, shouldn’t he?
6.当陈述句为there be布局时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如: 第 2 页 There’s no help for it, is there?
There’s something wrong, isn’t there?
7.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应干系。如:
She says that I did it, doesn’t she?
I told them not everybody could do it ,didn’t I?
但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应干系,但要注意否定的转移。
I suppose that he’s serious isn’t he?
I don’t think she cares, does she?
8.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如:
Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?
9.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”组成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语一般用you。如:
Don’t open the door, will you?
Give me some cigarettes, can you?
Take a rest, why don’t you?
但以let’s开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,要是含义是allow
us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。如:
Let’s have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?
Let us go out for a rest, will you?
10.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
Between six and seven will suit you, won’t it?
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
(二)谓语动词的选择
1.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn’t。如:
You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
I must answer the letter, mustn’t I?
但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式布局(即must之后的动词)以及含义采取相应的动词形式。如:
You must have made a mistake, haven’t you?
They must have seen the film last week, didn’t they?
He must be in the library, isn’t he?
2.当陈述部分含有used to时,疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如:
The old man used to smoke, didn’t /usedn’t he?
Tom used to live here, usedn’t /didn’t he?
3.当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。如:
He ought to know the answer, oughtn’t he?
We ought to read this book, oughtn’t/ shouldn’t we?
4.当陈述部分含有情态动词dare或need时,疑问部分常用 need /dare +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
但当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 第 3 页 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
5.当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用hadn’t。 如:
You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?
6.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如:
What a clever boy, isn’t he?
What a lovely day, isn’t it?
7.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时,附加疑问句用may,且用肯定形式。如:
I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?
8.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如:
You have a new bike, haven’t you(或don’t you)?
She doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?
9.陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。如:
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
10.陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。如:
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
11.陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。如:
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
12. 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 相连的并列主语时,疑问部分根据本来际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13.在口语和非正式文体中,为了增强语气,只是表示某种惊异、怀疑、反感、讥刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:
Oh, he is a writer, is he?
You’ll not go, won’t you?
(三)反义疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答,无论标题的提法怎样,要是事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。
例:—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?
—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。/ 不是,他不喜欢。
当陈述句部分是否定布局,附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有到场会议,是吗?