荣泰焊带

国产不锈钢焊带埋弧堆焊工艺性能研究发布时间：2022-11-01T01:56:39.820Z 来源：《科学与技术》2022年第13期作者：李潇[导读] 对SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.1 钢上进行的0.5mm×30mm 国产不锈钢带极埋弧堆焊工艺试验研究，分析影响堆焊层成型的因素，最终确定了最佳参数，实现了国产焊带EQ309L（首层）+EQ308L（两层）带极埋弧堆焊，堆焊层成型美观，表面光滑，堆焊层厚度约4mm。

李潇中国第一重型机械股份公司摘要：对SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.1 钢上进行的0.5mm×30mm 国产不锈钢带极埋弧堆焊工艺试验研究，分析影响堆焊层成型的因素，最终确定了最佳参数，实现了国产焊带EQ309L（首层）+EQ308L（两层）带极埋弧堆焊，堆焊层成型美观，表面光滑，堆焊层厚度约4mm。

同时，对堆焊层熔敷金属进行化学成分、力学性能和耐蚀性能等检测，验证了该焊带的使用能保证堆焊层力学性能和耐蚀性要求，可用于产品堆焊。

关键词：国产不锈钢焊带；埋弧堆焊；反应堆压力容器；前言核反应堆压力容器工作在高压、高温、含硼酸水介质和放射性辐照的环境下，为减少腐蚀产物放射源项，整个内表面需堆焊奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀层[1]。

带极埋弧堆焊具有热熔敷率高，焊道宽且成形美观等优点，在核反应堆压力容器内壁大面积堆焊中广泛应用。

目前，我国核反应堆压力容器内壁大面积带极堆焊用不锈钢焊带大多数靠从日本、原西德、瑞典、荷兰和美国等国进口[2]，因此加强对国产焊带的研究和应用势在必行。

本文选用某公司生产的0.5mm×30mm不锈钢焊带进行堆焊工艺试验，制定合理的堆焊工艺参数，验证该焊带的使用能否保证堆焊层力学性能和耐蚀性要求。

1 试验材料及方法1.1试验材料图1为不锈钢焊带埋弧堆焊工艺试验，堆焊母材采用SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.1钢锻件，尺寸为80mm×300mm×600mm，焊材采用规格0.5mm×30mm，EQ309L和EQ308L的焊带及与之相配的焊剂。

光伏焊带生产工艺流程
光伏焊带是太阳能光伏组件的关键连接材料之一，用于组件内部电池片的连接。

下面将介绍光伏焊带的生产工艺流程。

首先，原材料准备。

生产光伏焊带的主要原材料是纯铜和银。

工厂将铜和银材料按一定比例混合后，通过熔炼成型，制成合金带料。

第二步，带料加工。

合金带料进入带材加工车间，经过一系列的减薄、粗磨、精磨等工艺步骤，使合金带料变成一定尺寸和厚度的光伏焊带。

第三步，表面处理。

光伏焊带表面经过酸洗和抛光处理，去除杂质和氧化物，使其表面光滑。

第四步，切割。

将光伏焊带切割成标准尺寸的小片，便于后续的焊接和组装。

第五步，电镀处理。

将切割好的光伏焊带放入电镀槽中进行电镀处理，通过电解作用，使银镀层均匀附着在铜带表面上。

第六步，拉伸和回火。

经过电镀处理的光伏焊带经过拉伸和回火工艺，增加其强度和韧性，使其能够承受电池片的压力，并具有较好的导电性能。

第七步，卷绕和包装。

将处理好的光伏焊带卷绕成卷，经过包装后即可入库，等待后续的生产使用。

以上就是光伏焊带的生产工艺流程。

通过以上的加工和处理，光伏焊带具备了良好的导电性能和可靠的连接性，能够有效提高太阳能光伏组件的效率和性能。

光伏焊带的生产过程需要严格控制各个环节的质量和工艺参数，并进行严格的检验和测试，以确保产品的稳定性和可靠性。

随着太阳能光伏产业的发展，光伏焊带的生产工艺也在不断改进和优化，以满足市场的需求，并不断降低成本，提高产能。

光伏组件焊带的选择和使用1.焊带的种类和特点主要有银焊带和铜焊带两种。

银焊带：具有良好的导电性和导热性，用于高效率的太阳能电池组件。

其主要特点包括：-高导电性：银具有优异的电导率，能够更好地传导电流。

-高耐腐蚀性：银焊带能够在恶劣的外部环境下保持良好的性能。

-易于加工：银焊带可以通过热压焊或亮焊接等方式与电池片进行连接。

铜焊带：铜焊带主要用于传统的太阳能电池片组件。

其主要特点包括：-优良的导电性：铜焊带具有良好的导电性能，能够实现高效的电流传输。

-良好的可塑性：铜焊带易于弯曲和加工，适合于各种不同形状的电池片。

2.焊带的选择因素在选择光伏组件焊带时，需要考虑以下因素：-组件类型：不同类型的太阳能电池片可能需要不同种类的焊带，如单晶硅、多晶硅或薄膜太阳能电池片。

-电池片尺寸：不同尺寸的电池片需要不同宽度和厚度的焊带。

-热量传导性能：对于高功率的太阳能电池组件，需要选择导热性能较好的焊带，以确保组件正常工作并有效散热。

-组件温度：一些环境下，组件可能面临高温或低温条件，需要选择耐高温或低温的焊带。

-成本：不同种类的焊带价格差异较大，需要根据实际需求和预算进行选择。

3.焊带的使用注意事项正确使用和安装焊带对于光伏组件的性能和寿命至关重要。

以下是一些使用焊带的注意事项：-温度控制：焊带的加热温度应根据焊带的类型和具体组件要求加以控制，过高或过低的温度可能会损害焊带或组件。

-压力控制：在焊接过程中，需要控制加压的力度，以确保焊带与电池片之间的良好接触，以及避免过度压力导致电池片损坏。

-清洁和保养：焊带需要保持干净且没有任何污垢，以确保良好的接触和导电性能。

同时需要定期检查和保养焊接设备和工具，以确保其正常运行。

总结起来，光伏组件焊带的选择和使用对于太阳能光伏组件的性能和寿命具有重要影响。

在选择焊带时，需要考虑组件类型、尺寸、热量传导性能、温度和成本等因素。

在使用焊带时，需要控制温度和加压力度，并保持焊带的清洁和保养。

专利名称：压力钢管加劲环焊接施工方法
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：岳强,林宇,赵伟,李锰,韩伟杰,王兴族,李婉茹申请号：CN202111250331.7
申请日：20211026
公开号：CN114054901A
公开日：
20220218
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明公开了压力钢管加劲环焊接施工方法，包括如下步骤：1)将多个加劲环瓣通过点焊焊接到压力钢管外形成加劲环；2)将1)中的点焊有加劲环的压力钢管固定于滚轮架上，并通过气体保护焊接机对点焊形成的其中一道加劲环角焊缝进行气焊；3)使压力钢管在滚轮架上转动，对剩余的加劲环角焊缝依次进行气焊；气体保护焊接机上，设置有至少一组焊接枪头同时对一道加劲环角焊缝进行气焊，一组焊接枪头中至少设置有2个焊接枪头；气焊中，每个焊接枪头的焊接条件均为：二氧化碳的气体流量为15～20L/min，焊接电压为25～30V，焊接电流为280～350A。

本发明操作容易、极大提升了焊接质量，实现了焊接自动化，节约施工成本。

申请人：中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司
地址：110179 辽宁省沈阳市浑南新区新隆街2号
国籍：CN
代理机构：北京远大卓悦知识产权代理有限公司
代理人：俞牡丹
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VRTEXW E L D I N G P R O C E D U R E S P E C I F I C A T I O N S®T H E L I N C O L N E L E C T R I C C O M PA N YTHE LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY22801 St. Clair Avenue • Cleveland, OH • 44117-1199 • U.S.A.Phone: +1.216.481.8100 • WC-531 (3/12) ©Lincoln Global Inc. All Rights Reserved.VRTEX® MobileWELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONSS28170-26 Revision A.021SMAW 1/8" E6010 (3.2mm)Fleetweld 5P+NA NA Flat 1/4" (6 mm)90 (±5)NA DC+2SMAW 1/8" E6010 (3.2mm)Fleetweld 5P+NA NA 2F 3/8" (10 mm)90 (±5)NA DC+3SMAW 1/8" E6010 (3.2mm)Fleetweld 5P+NA NA 3F up 3/8" (10 mm)90 (±5)NA DC+4SMAW 1/8" E6010 (3.2mm)Fleetweld 5P+NA NA 1G 3/8" (10 mm)90 (±5)NA DC+5SMAW 1/8" E6010 (3.2mm)Fleetweld 5P+NA NA 2G 3/8" (10 mm)90 (±5)NA DC+6SMAW 1/8" E6010 (3.2mm)Fleetweld 5P+NA NA 3G up 3/8" (10 mm)90 (±5)NA DC+7SMAW 1/8" E7018 (3.2mm)Excalibur 7018NA NA Flat 1/4" (6 mm)125 (±5)NA DC+8SMAW 1/8" E7018 (3.2mm)Excalibur 7018NA NA 2F 3/8" (10 mm)125 (±5)NA DC+9SMAW 1/8" E7018 (3.2mm)Excalibur 7018NA NA 3F up 3/8" (10 mm)125 (±5)NA DC+10SMAW 1/8" E7018 (3.2mm)Excalibur 7018NA NA 1G 3/8" (10 mm)125 (±5)NA DC+11SMAW 1/8" E7018 (3.2mm)Excalibur 7018NA NA 2G 3/8" (10 mm)125 (±5)NA DC+12SMAW 1/8" E7018 (3.2mm)Excalibur 7018NA NA 3G up 3/8" (10 mm)125 (±5)NA DC+13SMAW 1/8" E6013 (3.2mm)FLEETWELD 37NA NA Flat 1/4" (6 mm)100 (±5)NA AC14SMAW 1/8" E6013 (3.2mm)FLEETWELD 37NA NA 2F 10 GA. 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Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEAT**This document is intended for training purposes only**7Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 7RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDateType: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove:N/AFillet:N/A Flat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double WeldTransfer Mode: Short Circuit GlobularSprayBacking: YES NOPulse Root OpeningN/A N/A Other:Groove Angle:N/ACurrent: AC DCEPDCENBack Gouging: YesNOMethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/A Material Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or GradeN/AThickness:Groove N/AFilletN/AStringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS SpecificationA5.1Number of Electrodes SingleContact Tip to Work Distance AWS ClassificationE7018Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NOCleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWelding ProcessSupporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 7WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TMELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Single PassN/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEAT**This document is intended for training purposes only**8Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 8RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDateType: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove:N/AFillet:2F Flat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double WeldTransfer Mode: Short Circuit GlobularSprayBacking: YES NOPulse Root OpeningN/A N/A Other:Groove Angle:N/ACurrent: AC DCEPDCENBack Gouging: YesNO MethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/A Material Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or Grade N/AThickness:GrooveN/AFillet3/8" (10 mm)Stringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS Specification A5.1Number of Electrodes SingleContact Tip to Work Distance AWS ClassificationE7018Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NOCleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWelding ProcessSupporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 8WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TMELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Multi-passN/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEAT**This document is intended for training purposes only**9Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 9RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDateType: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove:N/AFillet:3F Flat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double WeldTransfer Mode: Short Circuit GlobularSprayBacking: YES NOPulse Root OpeningN/A N/A Other:Groove Angle:N/ACurrent: AC DCEPDCENBack Gouging: YesNO MethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/A Material Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or GradeN/AThickness:GrooveN/AFillet3/8" (10 mm)Stringer, Weave Bead, Other:FILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS SpecificationA5.1Number of ElectrodesSingle Contact Tip to Work DistanceAWS ClassificationE7018Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NOCleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TMJOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Welding ProcessSupporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 9BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Stringer/ WeaveMulti-passN/A Interpass Temp. Min.Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEATPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max **This document is intended for training purposes only**10Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 10RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDate Type: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove:1GFillet:N/AFlat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDownSingle WeldDouble Weld Backing: YESNO Pulse Root Opening 1/4" (6 mm)N/AOther:Groove Angle:45 Degree includedBack Gouging: Yes NOMethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/AMaterial Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or GradeN/AThickness:Groove3/8" (10 mm)FilletN/AStringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS Specification A5.1Number of Electrodes Single Contact Tip to Work Distance AWS ClassificationE7018Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NO Cleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/A Flow Rate N/A N/AMaxN/AGas Cup SizeN/ACompany Name VRTEX® VRAW TM JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Welding ProcessSupporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 10Root Face Dimension N/ACurrent: AC DCEP DCENELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSTransfer Mode: Short Circuit Globular SprayN/A SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire BrushBASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEMulti-passInterpass Temp. Min.Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEATPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max **This document is intended for training purposes only**11Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 11RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDate Type: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove:2GFillet:N/AFlat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDownSingle Weld Double Weld Backing: YESNO Pulse Root Opening 1/4" (6 mm)N/AOther:Groove Angle:45 Degree includedBack Gouging:Yes NOMethodN/APower Source: CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/AMaterial Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or Grade N/AThickness:Groove 3/8" (10 mm)FilletN/AStringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS Specification A5.1Number of Electrodes Single Contact Tip to Work Distance AWS ClassificationE7018Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NO Cleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/A Flow Rate N/A N/AMaxN/AGas Cup SizeN/ACompany Name VRTEX® VRAW TM JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Welding ProcessSupporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 11Root Face Dimension N/ACurrent: AC DCEP DCENELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSTransfer Mode: Short Circuit Globular SprayN/A SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire BrushBASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEMulti-passInterpass Temp. Min.Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEATPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max **This document is intended for training purposes only**12Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 12RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDate Type: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove:3GFillet:N/AFlat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDownSingle Weld Double Weld Backing: YESNO Pulse Root Opening 1/4" (6 mm)N/AOther:Groove Angle:45 Degree included Back Gouging:Yes NOMethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/AMaterial Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or Grade N/AThickness:Groove 3/8" (10 mm)FilletN/AStringer, Weave Bead, Other:FILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS Specification A5.1Number of Electrodes Single Contact Tip to Work Distance AWS ClassificationE7018Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NO Cleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/A Flow Rate N/A N/AMaxN/AGas Cup SizeN/ACompany Name VRTEX® VRAW TM JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Welding ProcessSupporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 12Root Face Dimension N/ACurrent: AC DCEP DCENELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSTransfer Mode: Short Circuit Globular SprayMulti-passN/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEStringer/ Weave Preheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire BrushElectrode Flux (Class)PREHEAT**This document is intended for training purposes only**13Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 13RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDateType: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove:N/AFillet:N/A Flat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double Weld Transfer Mode: Short CircuitGlobularSprayBacking: YES NOPulse Root OpeningN/A N/A Other:Groove Angle:N/A Current: ACDCEPDCENBack Gouging: YesNO MethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/A Material Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or Grade N/AThickness:Groove N/AFilletN/AStringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS Specification A5.1Number of Electrodes SingleContact Tip to Work DistanceAWS ClassificationE6013Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NOCleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWelding Process Supporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 13WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TMELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Single PassN/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEAT**This document is intended for training purposes only**14Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 14RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDate Type: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove: N/AFillet:2F Flat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double Weld Transfer Mode: Short CircuitGlobularSpray Backing: YES NO Pulse Root Opening N/A N/A Other:Groove Angle:N/ACurrent: AC DCEPDCENBack Gouging:Yes NO MethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/A Material Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or Grade N/AThickness:Groove N/AFillet10GA. (2.5 mm)Stringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS SpecificationA5.1Number of Electrodes SingleContact Tip to Work Distance AWS ClassificationE6013Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NO Cleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWelding ProcessSupporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 14WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TMELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Multi-pass N/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire BrushElectrode Flux (Class)PREHEAT**This document is intended for training purposes only**15Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 15RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDateType: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove: N/AFillet:3F Flat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double Weld Transfer Mode Short CircuitGlobularSpray Backing: YES NOPulse Root OpeningN/A N/A Other:Groove Angle:N/ACurrent: AC DCEPDCENBack Gouging:Yes NOMethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/AMaterial Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or Grade N/AThickness:Groove N/AFillet10GA. (2.5 mm)Stringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS SpecificationA5.1Number of ElectrodesSingleContact Tip to Work DistanceAWS ClassificationE6013Peening Yes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NOCleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWelding Process Supporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 15WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TM ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Single PassN/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUEPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.SHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEAT**This document is intended for training purposes only**16Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 16RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDateType: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove: 1GFillet:N/AFlat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double Weld Transfer Mode: Short CircuitGlobularSprayBacking: YES NOPulse Root Opening 1/4" (6 mm)N/A Other:Groove Angle:45 Degree includedCurrent: AC DCEPDCENBack Gouging: YesNOMethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/A Material Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or GradeN/AThickness:Groove3/8" (10 mm)FilletN/AStringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS SpecificationA5.1Number of Electrodes SingleContact Tip to Work DistanceAWS ClassificationE6013PeeningYes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NOCleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWelding Process Supporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 16WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TMELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Multi-passN/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUESHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEATPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.**This document is intended for training purposes only**17Identification #VRTEX® SMAW # 17RevisionDate bySMAWAuthorized byDateType: Manual Semi-Automatic MachineAutomaticType:Groove: 2GFillet:N/AFlat Surfacing:Lap Tee ButtCornerEdgeUpDown Single Weld Double Weld Transfer Mode: Short CircuitGlobularSprayBacking: YES NOPulse Root Opening 1/4" (6 mm)N/A Other:Groove Angle:45 Degree includedCurrent: AC DCEPDCENBack Gouging: YesNO MethodN/APower Source:CCCVTungsten Electrode (GTAW)Size:N/A Material Spec.ASTM A36Type:N/AType or GradeN/AThickness:Groove3/8" (10 mm)FilletN/AStringer, Weave Bead, Other:StringerFILLER METALSMulti-pass or Single Pass (per side)AWS SpecificationA5.1Number of Electrodes SingleContact Tip to Work DistanceAWS ClassificationE6013PeeningYes NO Interpass Cleaning YES NOCleaning Method:N/AGasN/A Composition N/A FluxN/AN/AFlow Rate N/A N/AMax N/AGas Cup SizeN/AWelding Process Supporting PQR No.(s)PQR VRTEX® 17WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)Company Name VRTEX® VRAW TMELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSRoot Face Dimension N/A JOINT DESIGN USEDPOSITIONVertical Progression:Multi-passN/A BASE MATERIALTECHNIQUESHIELDINGChipping Hammer and Wire Brush Electrode Flux (Class)PREHEATPreheat Temp. Min.N/A Max Interpass Temp. Min.**This document is intended for training purposes only**。

焊带的选择和使用焊带是一种经过特殊处理的金属带，广泛用于各种金属结构的连接和修补。

选对适合的焊带材料、规格和焊接方法，不仅可以提高焊接工件的牢固度和密封性，也能延长其使用寿命。

本文将介绍焊带的选择和使用重点。

一、焊带材料选择1. 钢制焊带钢制焊带是一种常用的焊接材料，用于金属结构的连接和修补。

它通常由碳钢、合金钢、不锈钢、铝等材料制成，有着良好的韧性、强度和耐腐蚀性能。

钢制焊带的选材要根据使用环境、结构材料和要求等因素来确定。

2. 铝制焊带铝制焊带用于连接和修补铝材料制成的金属结构，具有很好的氧化腐蚀性能和电导率。

铝制焊带也适用于连接和修补热敏性材料、非金属材料等。

3. 镍钛合金焊带镍钛合金焊带是一种兼具高强度和高韧性的焊接材料，适用于高温、强腐蚀、高压等恶劣环境下的连接和修补。

4. 锆合金焊带锆合金焊带是一种能够抵抗高温、强腐蚀的焊接材料，主要用于连接和修补核电站、化工设备等特殊工业部件。

二、焊带规格选择焊带规格是指焊带的宽度、厚度、长度等物理尺寸。

对于焊接工程来说，选择合适的焊带规格也非常重要。

1. 宽度选择焊带宽度的选择要考虑到被焊接件的结构尺寸，选用过宽的焊带会造成焊接不均匀、焊接资料浪费等问题；过窄的焊带则会影响焊接质量。

2. 厚度选择焊带厚度的选择要根据焊接件的结构强度、应力特点以及钢材的耐腐蚀性能等因素来确定。

焊带厚度越大，焊接强度越高，但较难焊接；焊带厚度越薄，可提高焊接速度和焊接效率，但焊接强度较低。

3. 长度选择焊带的长度要根据使用场合和工程细节来确定，一般推荐选择较长的焊带，以减少其间接接头和焊接强度损失。

三、焊接方法选择焊接方法的选择主要基于焊接对象的性质、所需焊接效果、设计要求等方面。

1. 电阻焊接电阻焊接是指利用电流通过金属，产生高温加热后使接缝部分氧化脱除，使两份被焊接的金属结合的技术。

2. 氩弧焊接氩弧焊接是指使用惰性气体将电弧焊在被焊接材料上的焊接方式。

氩弧焊接具有高焊接质量、焊缝较细、杭漫层小等优点，并广泛应用于焊接不锈钢、铝材等。

光伏焊带规格参数摘要：1.官场鸿途书评概述2.内容简介3.书评分析4.总结正文：官场鸿途书评《官场鸿途》是一部描绘当代中国官场生态的长篇小说，通过讲述一位基层公务员的成长历程，揭示了官场上的权力斗争、利益交换和人性挣扎。

本文将对这部作品进行全面的书评分析。

一、内容简介《官场鸿途》讲述了一位名叫李云飞的基层公务员，凭借自己的聪明才智和不懈努力，在官场上不断攀爬，最终成为一位高级领导干部的故事。

在这个过程中，李云飞不仅经历了官场上的种种权力斗争和利益交换，还面临着个人信仰和道德的考验。

作品以细腻的笔触描绘了官场上的众生相，展现了人性在权力面前的复杂面目。

二、书评分析1.揭示官场生态，反映现实问题《官场鸿途》深入官场腹地，展现了一幅现实而又残酷的官场生态图。

作者通过丰富多样的人物形象和紧密相连的故事情节，揭示了官场上的权力斗争、利益交换、关系网络等现象。

这些问题在一定程度上反映了我国官场的现实情况，使得作品具有较强的现实意义。

2.塑造丰满人物，展现人性挣扎《官场鸿途》中的人物形象丰满多样，既有一心为民的正直官员，也有权谋心重的官场老手。

主人公李云飞更是一个充满矛盾的复杂角色，他在追求权力的过程中，既要克服种种困难，又要面对内心的道德挣扎。

这使得作品具有较高的艺术价值。

3.对官场人生的思考和探讨《官场鸿途》不仅仅是一部讲述官场故事的小说，更是对人性的挖掘和对官场人生的思考。

作者通过作品，对官场上的权力、利益、道德等问题进行了深刻的探讨，使得读者在欣赏故事的同时，也能够思考自己的人生道路。

三、总结《官场鸿途》是一部具有较高艺术价值和现实意义的长篇小说。

作品通过讲述一位基层公务员的成长历程，深入揭示了官场上的权力斗争、利益交换和人性挣扎，对当代中国官场生态进行了全面的反映。