英语词典中的那些缩略语
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词典中最常见的缩略语,莫过于各种表示词性(part of speech)的缩略语了,常用的有以下几种:n.[C] 或 CN=countable noun 可数名词n.[U] 或 UN=uncountable noun 不可数名词v.[T] 或 vt=transitive verb 及物动词v.[I] 或 vi=intransitive verb 不及物动词a 或 adj=adjective 形容词ad 或 adv=adverb 副词conj=conjunction 连接词prep=preposition 介词pron=pronoun 代词int=interjection 感叹词abbr=abbreviation 缩写,缩略语除了表示词性的缩略语外,词典中还有各种对词条加以说明的注释性缩略语,常见的有以下列出的这些:esp=especially 尤指;尤用于usu=usually 通常作pl=prural 复数形式sing=singular 单数形式pers pron=personal pronoun 人称代词attrib=attributive 用作定语pred=predicative 用作表语pref=prefix 前缀suff=suffix 后缀neg=negative 否定式euph=euphemistic 委婉语fig=figurative 比喻用法idm=idiom 习语fml=formal 正式用语;书面语infml=informal 通俗用语;口语ironic 讽刺用语;反语joc=jocular 戏谑语compar=comparative form 比较级superl=superlative form 最高级approv=approving 褒义derog=derogatory 贬义app=appendix 附录dialect 方言sl=slang 俚语taboo 避讳语non-standard 不规范用法old-fashioned 过时用法rare 罕见用法BrE 或 Brit=British English 英式英语AmE 或 US=American/United States English 美式英语ScotE=Scottish English 苏格兰英语IrE=Irish English 爱尔兰英语CanE=Canadian English 加拿大英语AustrE 或 Austral=Australian English 澳大利亚英语NZE=New Zealand English 新西兰英语InE=Indian English 印度英语语法术语缩略语(以字母为顺序)AA.,a.=Anglio英语的,英国的a.K.=anta Kristo纪元前a.m.=a.t.m. 上午A.O.=Administra Oficejo 管理处,经理部A.S.=akcia societo股份公司a.t.m., atm.=antatagmeze上午, 午前ab.=abono预约; abonprezo 预约价adj.=adjektivo形容词adm.=administrejo, administracio经理处, 管理处; administranto 经理人adr.=adreso地址, 通信处adv.=adverbo副词afr(ank).=afranko, afrankite邮资已付agr.=agrikulturo农业Ak. =Akademio 学会,科学院,学院Ak.=Akademio科学院Ak-ano.=akademiano科学院院士akuz.=akuzativo宾格alg.=algebro代数anat.=anatomio解剖学angl.=angla 英国的Anst.=anstata代替ant.=antikvao古物apr.=anrilo四月Ar.=argono氩Ar[k].=ar[k]itekturo建筑学arit.=aritmetiko算术ark.=arkitekto建筑师art.=artikolo文章astro.=astronomio天文学ag.=agusto八月BB.=Belgio比利时B.E.L.=Bahaa Esperanto Ligo巴哈教世界语协会B.I.L.=Bibliografio de Internacia Lingvo《国际语书目提要》B.L.E.=Budhana Ligo Esperantista世界语者佛教协会b.t.=bonvolu turni请看背面bfl.=(metu postmarkon)bildflanke (请把邮票贴) 在有画的bind.=bindita精装的biol.=biologio生物学bk.=bildokarto图片bol.=boliviano玻璃维亚货币单位[=100 centavo或60%美元]; bolivaro委内瑞拉货单位bot.=botaniko植物学bro.=brourita[e] 平装的(地)Bul.=Bulgario保加利亚buso.=omnibuso公共汽(马)车bv.=bonvole, bonvolu 请CC .=Celsius, Celsiusa摄氏(的)c.=cendo仙,分[美元或盾的百分之一]C.D.E.L.I. .=Centro de Dokumentado kaj Esploro pri la Lingvo Internacia国际语资料研究中心C.E.D.=Centro de Esploro pri Dokumentado pri la monda lingvo-pro-blemo世界语言问题资料研究中心C.G.S.=Centimetro-Gramo-Sekundo厘米-克-秒,CGS单位制[一种计算力的单位制度]C.K.=Centra Komitato 中央委员会C.O .=Centra Oficejo de UEA(国际世协)中央事务所c.r.=certe respondos一定回信cent.=centimo生丁,centavo南美洲货币名[1peso的百分之一]cg .=centigramo厘克cj.=centjaro世纪cl .=centilitro厘升cm .=centimetro厘米.=inio中国;=inlingvo汉语.=ino中国人;=irka?(e)大约.E.L.=ina Esperanto-Ligo中华全国世界语协会.p.=evalpovo马力.S.R.=eoslovaka Respubliko捷克斯洛伐克共和国ap.=apitro篇,章,回D=efdelegito总代表e.=eo捷克人j.=i-jare今年,本年s.=eoslovaka捷克斯洛伐克的DD., d.=dimane 在星期日; delegito代表; dinaro南斯拉夫货币单位; dana丹麦的; dino达因; CGS制中力的单位D.=deterio重氧,氘d.=dino达因d.d.=de dato, kun dato de …日期D.E.=Denaskaj Esperantistoj自幼使用世界语者D.K.M.S.=Dimitrova Komunista Junulara Asocio保加利亚季米特洛夫共青团D.M.=Dumviva membro终身会员dag.=dekagramo十克dal.=dekalitro十升dam.=dekametro十米dec.=decembro十二月del.=delegito代表dep.=departemento[法]县,部, 局;deputito议员dez.=deziras想, 愿dez.kor.=deziras korespondi希望(愿意)通信dg.=decigramo分克din.=dinaro第纳尔(南斯拉夫和一些阿拉伯国家的货币单位)Dir., dir.=direktoro理事, 经理, 社长,校长div.=diversaj各种各样的dl.=decilitro分升dm.=decimetro分米dm.=dimano星期天Dn.=Danio, Danlando丹麦dn.=dano丹麦人D-o.= D-rodol.=dolaro美元Dr., D-ro., Dro., d-ro.=doktoro博士d-rino.=doktorino女博士Ee.=ergo尔格E.=Esperanto世界语E.E.C.=Eropa Esperanto-Centro欧洲世界语中心E.E.U.=Eropa Esperanto-Unio欧洲世界语联盟E.G.= esperanta grupo世界语团体E.G.L.I.=Esperantista Go-Ligo Internacia国际世界语者围棋协会E.L.F-A.R.E.K.=Esperanto-Ligo Filatelista/Amika Rondo de Esperantaj Kolektantoj集邮家世界语协会一世界语资料收藏者之友社E.P.C. =The Esperanto Publishing Company Limited世界语出版有限公司E.P..=El Popola inio《中国报道》E..L.I.=Esperanta ak-Ligo Internacia国际世界语象棋协会E.V.A.=Esperanta Verkista Asocio世界语作家协会Ekrelo. =Eldon-kooperativo por Revolucia Esperanta Literaturo革命世界语文学出版合作社ekskl.=ekskluzive除外,唯一地Ekz. =Ekzercaro [Z. 著"世界语之基础" 的一部分]ekz.=ekzemplero册,本,部ekz-e.=ekzemple例如ekzo.=ekzemplero册,本,部eld.=eldono; 版(本);eldonejo出版社; eldonitaelekt.=elektro电elp.=elparolata 被发音,被读作; elparolu请发音,请读作els.=elsendas寄出,发出esk.=eskudo埃斯库多(葡萄牙货币单位)[=100 centavo]Esp.= Esperanto世界语esp-ismo.=esperantismo世界语主义esp-isto.=esperantisto世界语者Esp-o.= Esperanto世界语est.=estimata敬爱的; estona爱沙尼亚的Ev.= evitinda避免(使用)Ff.= figure比喻,转义F.= Francio法国;franca法国的; finna芬兰的; funto磅[=453.6克]; Farenhejta 华氏的F.E.=Fundamento de Esperanto《世界语基础》f.ino.=fralino姑娘,小姐F.K.=Fundamenta Krestomatio 《基础文选》FA.=Fakaj Asocioj专业学会fam.=familio科,族[动、植物]farm.=farmacio药学FD.=Fakdelegito专业代表feb.= februaro二月ffr.= franca franko法国法郎fi.= filozofio哲学;fil.= filatelio集邮fin.= fin(n)landa芬兰的;financo财政fin.= financo财政fiz.= fiziko物理学Fn.=Finlando芬兰fon.=fonetiko语音学for.=forintoj福林(匈牙利货币单位)fr.=franko法郎; fralo 未婚男子ft.=fotografao照片fz.=fiziko物理学Gg.=gazeto 期刊; gramo克; gramatiko文法; genro属; germania德国的G.=Germanio德国;gek-doj.=gekamaradoj男女同志们geom.=geometrio 几何学germ.=germano 德国人;germana 德国的ges-anoj.=gesamideanoj志同道合的人ges-roj.=gesinjoroj先生们GEV.= "Grajnoj en Vento" "风中的种子"(刊物名)gg.=geografio地理学Gk.=Grekio希腊; greka希腊的gk.=greko希腊人gl. .=glumarkoj贴花gld.=guldeno盾(荷兰货币单位)GM., Gmk.,g.mk. = germana marko 德国马克gmst.=gimnastiko 体操GMT .=Greenwich(-a) Meztempo格林威治标准时间gram.=gramatiko文法guld.= guldeno盾(荷兰货币单位)en.=enerala总HH.=Hispanio西班牙h.=hispano西班牙人; hispana西班牙; horo小时,钟点H.de E.= "Heroldo de Esperanto"《世界语报道》H.L.=Holando荷兰H.M.=honora membro名誉会员H.P.K.=Honora Patrona Komitato名誉监护人委员会Hb.=Hebrealingvo希伯来语hb.=hebreo希伯来人; hebrea希伯来的;犹太的hg.=hektogramo百克his.=historio历史hisp.=hispana西班牙的Hl., hol.=holanda荷兰的hl.=hektolitro百升[=1市石]hm.=hektometro百米Hun.=Humgario匈牙利em.=emio化学II.=Italio意大利i.=italo 意大利人;itala 意大利的i.a.=inter aliaj, interalie 就中I.E.A.J.=Internacia Esperanto-Asocio de Juristoj 国际世界语法津学者协会I.E.K.A= Internacia Esperanto-Klubo Atomobilista国际汽车司机世界语俱乐部I.E.M.= Internacia Esperanto- Muzeo国际世界语博物馆I.F.E.F.=Internacia Fervojista Esperanto-Feteracio国际世界语铁路工人联合会I.K.U.E.= Internacia Katolika Unuio Esperantista国际天主教世界语者联合会I.L.A.S.E.=Internacia Ligo de Agrikulturaj Specialistoj-Esperantistoj国际世界语者农业专家协会I.L.E.F.=Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Foto-Kino-Magnetofon-amatoroj国际世界语者摄影、电影、录音爱好者协会I.L.E.I=Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Instruistoj国际世界语者教师协会I.L.E.R.A.=Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Radio-Amatoroj国际世界语者无线电爱好者协会I.P.E.=Internacio de Proleta Esperantistaro无产者世界语者国际i.p.k.=ilustrita potkarto美术明信片,画片I.P.T.E.A.=Internacia Postista kaj Telekomunikista Esperanto-Asocio国际邮政电信职I.S.A.E.=Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperatista国际世界语者科学协会I.S.U.=Internacia Somera Universitato国际夏季大学I.U.E.F.=Internacia Unuio de la Esperantistoj Filologoj国际世界语者语言学者联合会IADEM.=Internacia Asocio de Esperantistaj Matematikistoj国际世界语者数学家协会il.=ilustrita有插图的;有画的il.=ilustrao插图ind.=industrio工业inf.=infinitivo不定式in.=ineniero工程师inkl.=inkluzive包括instr.=instruisto教师int(ern).=internacia国际的interj.=interjekcio感叹词i.=interane交换Isl.=Islando冰岛Jj.=janano日本人;janana日本的J.=Japanio日本J.D. =junulara delegito青年代表J.E.I.=Japana Esperanto-Instituto日本世界语学会j.k.=jaro kuranta今年ja.=jara, jare每年(的);junulo青年jan.=januaro一月jarl.=jarlibro年鉴jc.=jarcento世纪jen.=jeno日圆Jug.=Jugoslavio南斯拉夫jul.=julio七月jun.=junio六月(d).=ado 星期四r.=urnaloj日报Kk.=kaj和, 与, 及k.a.=kaj aliaj及其它K.C.=E.=Kultura Centro Esperantista世界语者文化中心k.c.=kaj cetere(aj)以及其它k..=krono eka捷克银币k..l.=kun iuj landoj和各国k.e.=kio estas那就是;kiu estas那人就是K.E.L.I.=Kristana Esperantista Ligo Internacia国际基督教世界语者协会k.e.p.=kiel eble plej尽可能地K.E.S.=Kvakera Esperantista Societo世界语者教友会k.j.=kuranta jaro;kuranta jare本年,今年K.K.K.= Konstanta Komitato de la Kongresoj大会常设委员会K.K.S.= Konstanta Kongresa Sekretario常设大会k.m.a.=kaj multaj aliaj以及许多其它的K.R.=Konstanta Reprezentantaro(de Naciaj Societoj) 各国协会常设代表团k.s.=kaj simil-e(aj)以及类似地,以及其它的k.sekv.=kaj sekvanta(j)以及下列的ka.=kalorio卡路里(热量单位)kas.=kasisto出纳员,司库kcs.=kilociklo en sekundo千周/秒k-dino.=kamaradino女同志k-do.=kamarado同志kem.=kemio化学kg.=kilogramo公斤kHz.=kiloherco千赫k-io=kpmpanio公司kl.=kilolitro公升kl.=klaso级km.=kilometro公里(千米)kmc.=komerco商业kom.=komitato委员会Kominterno.= Komunista Internacio共产国际komp.= komparu 请比较, 请对照看Kompartio.=Komunista Partio共产党konj.=konjunkcio连(接)词kor.=korespondi通信kot.=kotizo会费Kp., kp.=komparu 请比较;kopeko戈比(苏联辅币名, 等于1/10卢布)kpt.=kapitano上尉kr.=krono 克朗(丹麦,挪威,瑞典,冰岛)ktg.=katalogo目录ktp., k.t.p.=kaj tiel plu等等kunv.=kunvenas开会kur.=kuranta今, 本kv.=kilovolto千伏(特); kvartalo(城市的)区Ll.=lando国家; litro公升L.=Latino拉丁文;liro意大利银币; lundo星期一; letero信L.E.E.N.=Nederlanda Esperanto-Asocio《La Estonto Estas Nia》荷兰世界语协会"将来是我们的"L.E.S.S.=La Esperanto-Spiritista Societo世界语者降神会L.I, l.i.=lingvo internacia国际语L.I.B.E.=Ligo Internacia de Blindaj Esperantistoj国际盲人世界语者协会l.j.=lasta jaro 去年L.K.=Lingva Komitato语言委员会L.K.K.=Loka Kongresa Komitato国际世界语大会当地委员会L.R.= 《Lingvaj Respondoj》《语言答问》L.S.=loko de sigelo盖印处lab.=laboro工作; laboristo工人; laborista工人的lat.=latva拉脱维亚的lb.=libro书ld.=lundo星期一lec.=leciono课Lekt.=Lektor(in)o讲师, 教授let.=letere以信的形式lic.=licenci(at)o学士ling.=lingvo语言lir.=liro里拉(土耳其和意大利的货币单位)lit.=literaturo文学,文艺; litova立陶宛的lit.=literaturao文学作品Lta.=limigita有限的(公司)Mm.=marko马克(德国和芬兰货币单位); metro(j) 米; minuto分钟M.=membro会员; mardo星期二M.A.=Membro-Abonanto会员定户M.E.A.=Maroka Esperanto-Asocio摩洛哥世界语协会M.E.M.=Mondpaca Esperantista Movado世界语者和平运动M.E.T.=meze?ropa tempo中欧标准时间M.G.=marko germana德国马克Mag.=magistro硕士maj.=majo五月maks.=maksimume最高限度地mar.=marto三月mat.=matematiko数学; matene早晨Md.=mardo 星期二med.=medicina医学的mg.=miligramo毫克mil.=militista军人的,军事的min.=minimume最低限度min=minuto分钟;minimume最低限度mit=mitologio神话Mk.=marko马克;merkredo星期三mk.=merkredo星期三ml.=mililitro亳升mll.=mallongigo缩写mm.=milimetro(j)毫米mnrl.=mineralogio矿物学mrm.=miriametro万米MS.,ms.=Membro-Subtenanto赞助会员;manuskripto原稿mv.=movado运动mz.=muziko音乐NN-(r)o,Nr.=numero …号(数) ,…期N. n. =Nederlando 荷兰N.=nitrogeno氮n.=nomo 名字N.B.=notu bone请注意N.B.N.=Asocio por la Enkonduko de Nova Biologia Nomenklaturo生物学新命名法促进学会N.E.A.=Nederlanda Esperanto-Asocio荷兰世界语协会N.E.L.=Norvega Esperantista Ligo挪威世界语者协会N.Z.E.A.=Nov-zelanda Esperanto-Asocio新西兰世界语协会nac.=nacia民族的,国家的Ned(erl).=nederlanda荷兰的ned.=nederlandano 荷兰人Ned.=Nederlando 荷兰Neo.=neologismo新词neo.=neologismo新词nj.=nunjara今年nm.=nunmonata本月norv., nr.=norvego挪威人; norvega挪威的nov.=novembro十一月Nr.=Norvegio挪威n-ro.=numero号码ntr.=netransitiva不及物的OO.=oksigeno氧o.=omo欧姆O.A.= "Oficiala Aldono"al"U.V. " 《世界语通用词汇》的"正式增补词"O.P.R.=oni petas respondon请复信,候复O.V.=《Originala Verkaro》柴氏《原作集》Oc.=Oceano洋,大海of(ic).= oficiala正式的,公共的,官方的okc.=okcidento西方okt.=oktobro十月opt.=optiko光学or.=oriento东方Pp.=pao页; polo波兰人; pola波兰的; peso南美银币P.=posforo磷; portugala葡萄牙的; pollando波兰p.a.=per adreso用地址P.E.U.= Proleta Esperantista Unio普罗世界语者联盟[在I.P.E.存在时其成员多用此名称]P.I.,pi.=potkarto ilustrita美术明信片p.K.=post Kristo纪元后p.m.=p.t.m. 下午P.P.=parolante pri就…来说,指…说;per prokuro用代理P.S.=Post skribo附言P.S.=postskribo再者P.T.T.=Poto, Telegramo kaj Telefono邮政电报电话,邮电P.V.=Plena Vortaro《世界语大字典》PAG.=Plena Analiza Gramatiko《世界语分析语法》part.=participo分词pas.=pasinta过去的patr.=patrono保护人pdg.=pedagogio教育学pes.= peseto西班牙银币[=100 centimoj]pes.=peso比索(南美一些国家的货币单位)Pfg.=pfenigo分克,德国小钱[=1/100马克]pfg.=pfenigo芬尼(德国辅币名)PG.= "Plena Gramatiko de Esperanto" 《世界语语法大全》p.=pao页PIV.=Plena Ilustrita Vortaro 《世界语插图大词典》PK.,pk.=potkarto邮片,明信片pl.=plena完全的; pola波兰的PM., p.m.=potmarko邮票pnd.str.=pundo sterlinga英镑pol.=pola波兰的port.=portugala葡萄牙的Port.=Portugalio葡萄牙port.=portugalo葡萄牙人pp=paoj页pr.=prononco发音;portugala葡萄牙的pref.=prefikso接头字pref.=prefikso前缀prep.=prepozicio介词prep.=prepozicio前置词prez.=prezidanto主席,总统,校长prf.=prefere(比起来) 喜欢,宁愿,宁取P-ro=pastro牧师,神父; patro神父prof.=profesoro教授proks.=proksimume大约,大致,差不多,近似地prol.=proleta无产者的pron.=pronomo代(名)词; prononco发音prop.=propozicio语法完整的句; 命题prov.=provinco省ps.=psedonimo笔名,化名ps.=presao印刷品psl.=psikologio心理学ptm., p.t.m.=posttagmeze下午,午后pts.=peseto比塞塔(西班牙货币单位)Rr.=rondo 界,社,团体; ruso俄罗斯人R.=Rusio俄国; rusa俄国的,俄罗斯的R.B.L.E.=Rea Belga Ligo Esperantista比利时世界语者协会rab.=rabato折扣rad.=radiko词根Rb., rub.=rublo卢布Red., red.= Redaktoro编者; redakcio编辑部ref.=referenco参考;参证reg.=registrite注册,登记resp.=respektive各自,分别; respondo回信,复信resp.kup., r.k., rpk.; rkp.=respond-kupono国际回信券rev.=reviziita修订(版); revuo杂志,评论Rev.=Revizoro《钦差大臣》ril.=rilate(al) 关于Rim.=rimark(ig)o准备, 备考,注意rlg.=religio宗教Rp., rp.=rupio卢比[印度货币]Ru.=Rumanio 罗马尼亚rum.=rumana 罗马尼亚的SS,E.L.=Serbia Esperantista Ligo塞尔维亚世界语者协会;Skolta Esperantista Ligo童子军世界语者协会s.=sekundo秒; sudo南方S.=sulfuro硫磺; sabato星期六; Sankta神圣的S.A.= Societo Anonima股份有限公司[股东姓名不公布]S.A.T.=Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda全世界无民族协会S.E.A.= Sarlanda Esperanto-Asocio萨尔世界语协会S.E.F.=Sveda Esperanto-Federacio瑞典世界语联合会S.E.S.=Svisa Esperanto-Societo瑞士世界语协会S.E.U.=Sovetrespublikara Esperantista Unio苏联世界语者协会S.R.E.S.=Scienca Rondo de Esperantistaj Studentoj世界语者大学生科学会S.U.=Somera Universitato(每年国际世界语大会期间举办的)暑期大学,夏季大学s-anino.=samideanino女同志S-ano., sam.=samidean(in)o (女)同志sb.=sabato星期六sc.=scienco科学sd.=spesdeko(世界语币制)一分sek(r).=sekretario秘书,书记send.=sendinto发信人;sendita己寄发sep(t).=septembro九月simb.=simbolo象征sin.=sinuso正弦S-ino.=Sinjorino夫人,太太,女主人Sk.=sanskrita梵语的;subkomprenu意思就是Sl.E.L=Slovenia Esperanto-Ligo斯洛维尼世界语协会Sm.=spesmilo(世界语币制的) 一元[=2.005先令或0.40美金]Sm.=spesmilo千司派司soc.=societo协会; sociala社会的Soc.An.= Societo Anonima股份有限公司sp.=sporto体育运动,(户外)运动s-pg.=senpage免费s-pr.=samprofesianoj同行的人s-ro.=sinjoro 先生S-ro.=Sinjoro 先生St.,S-ta.=Sankta神圣的St.,S-ta=sanktast.=stelo世界语币制单位std.=studado学习, 研究STELO.=Studenta Tutmonda Esperantista Ligo世界学生世界语者协会str.=strato街;sterlinga英镑的str.=strato街道sub.skr.=subskribo签字subj.=subjunkcio从属连词subst.=subustantivo名词suf.=sufikso后缀suf.=sufikso接尾字S-ulo=jennaciulo无民族者[杂志名]sv.=svisa瑞士的;sveda瑞典的Sv.=Svisio瑞士sv.=sviso瑞士人sv.fr.=svisa franko瑞士法郎sved.=sveda瑞典的Sved.=Svedio瑞典sved.=svedo瑞典人(il).=ilingo先令[=12 pencoj].E.A.=anhaja Esperanto-Asocio上海世界语学会.E.L.=anhaja Esperantista Ligo上海世界语者协会TT.=taro(货物的)皮重t.=tuno吨t.e.=tio estas那就是T.E..A.= Tutmonda Esperantista urnalista Asocio全世界世界语者新闻记者协会T.E..O.= Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo全世界世界语者青年组织T.E.K.A.=Tutmonda Esperantista Kuracista Asocio全世界世界语者医师协会T.E.V.A.=Tutmonda EsperantistaVegetarana Asocio国际世界语者素食协会t.j.=tiu jare那年,是年T.K.K.E.=Tuttata Konsulta Komitato Esperantista(en eoslovakio) 捷克全国世界语咨询委员会t.n.,tn.=tiel nomata所谓t.s.=tio signifas意为, 意思就是tel.=telefono电话tip.=tipografio印刷术tm.=tutmonde在全世界tom.= tomano波斯金币tr.=transitiva及物的(动词)trad.= tradukis翻译traduko译文tradukinto译者UU.=uranio铀U.A.L.E.=Universala Artista Ligo de Esperantistoj国际世界语者美术家协会U.E.A.= Universala Esperanto-Asocio国际世界语协会U.K.=Universala Kongreso de Esperanto国际世界语大会U.L.=La Universala Ligo环球协会U.M.E.A.=Unversala Medecina Esperanto-Asocio国际世界语医学协会U.S., Us.=Usono美国;Usona美国的U.S.S.R.=Unio de Sovetaj Socialistaj Respublikoj苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟U.V.= "Universala Vortaro"《世界语通用词典》UN.=Unuiintaj Nacioj联合国Unesko.=Organizao de Unuiintaj Nacioj por Eduko, Scienco kaj Kulturo联合国教科文组织univ.= universala国际, 环球, 万国;universitato大学UNO.= Organizo de Unuiintaj Nacioj联合国us.=usona美国的; usonano美国人Vv(id).,vd.=vidu 请(参)看,参照V., vdr.=vendredo 星期五v.=verbo动词; volto伏, 伏特V.D.=vicdelegito副代办,副代表V.E.K.=Veterana Esperantista Klubo老世界语者俱乐部V/=vaporipo汽船,轮船va!=vidu anoncon! 请看启事!var.=variao变量, 变种veg.=vegetao植物vesp.=vespere在晚上vicprez.=vicprezidanto副主席, 副总统vicsekr.=vicsekretario副秘书长vol.=volumo卷VPEA越南保卫和平世界语者协会ZZ.=Zamenhof柴门霍夫z.,zoo.=zoologia ardeno动物园zl.=zloto兹罗提(波兰货币单位)[=100 groo]zool.=zoologio动物学。
100个英文缩略语1. ASAP As Soon As Possible.2. DIY Do It Yourself.3. FYI For Your Information.4. ASAP As Soon As Possible.5. BTW By The Way.6. FAQ Frequently Asked Questions.7. ETA Estimated Time of Arrival.8. RSVP Répondez s'il vous plaît (French for "Please respond")。
9. VIP Very Important Person.11. UFO Unidentified Flying Object.12. GPS Global Positioning System.13. ATM Automated Teller Machine.14. CIA Central Intelligence Agency.15. FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation.16. NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration.17. LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender.18. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization.19. PDA Public Display of Affection.20. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.22. NGO Non-Governmental Organization.23. SWAT Special Weapons and Tactics.24. UFO Unidentified Flying Object.25. RSVP Répondez s'il vous plaît (French for "Please respond")。
SRC=self-reference criterion自我参照标准GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定GATS=General agreement on Trade in Services服务贸易总协定TRIMs=Trade-Related Investment Measures与贸易有关的投资措施TRIPs=Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights与贸易有关的知识产权协定WTO=World Trade Organization世界贸易组织IMF=International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织SDRs=Special Drawing Rights特别提款权WB=World Bank Group世界银行EU=Europe Union欧盟EMU=Economic and Monetary Union 经济和货币联盟ECJ=the European Court of Justice 欧洲审判法庭TPP=Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement 跨太平洋伙伴关系协定NAFTA=North American Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定CFTA=United States-Canada Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区APTA=Asia Pacific Trade Association亚太贸易协会ASEAN= Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟APEC=Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太经合组织BOPMs=Bottom-of-the-Pyramid MarketsUN=United Nations 联合国NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织FDI=Foreign direct investment 外商直接投资BEMs=Big Emerging Markets big emerging marketsIDV=the Individualism\Collective IndexPDI=the Power Distance Index 功率距离指数UAI=Uncertainty Avoidance Index不确定性规避指数MAS=Masculinity\Femininity Index 性别指数SEC=Securities and Exchange Commission证券交易委员会OECD=Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织OAS=Organization of American States美洲国家组织UNCAC=United Nations Convention against Corruption联合国反腐公约TI=Transparency International 国际透明度CPI=Corruption Perception Index 腐败感知指数CSR=Corporate Social Responsibility 企业的社会责任INSEAD=the European Institute of Administrative Affairs欧洲行政事务研究所NGOs=non-governmental organization无政府组织IP=intellectual property 知识产权IO=Information-Oriented 信息化RO=Realationship-Oriented 关系导向P-time=Polychronic time 多向时间观M-time=Monochronic time 单向计时制PSAs=political and social activists 政治和社会活动家FBC=Free Burma Campaign 自由缅甸运动DOC=the department of commerce 商务部Ex-Im Bank=Export-Import Bank进出口银行FCIA=Foreign Credit Insurance Association外国信用保险协会AID=the Agency for International Development国际开发局OPIC=the Overseas Private Investment Corporation海外投资公司ICC=International Chamber of Commerce国际商会GDP = Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值B&R = the Belt and Road Initiative一带一路SIA=Strategic international alliance 国际战略联盟。
a. =annus ^;anno 在年(如 anno 1930,在1930 年)。
annot. = annotatione 附注,注释。
app. = appendix 附录。
Cc.二cum 具有……,伴着.....。
c. a.二circa大约大概左右。
常用于日期中表示大概的数。
Cap..二capitulus章节。
用于章节前。
ch.二chapter章节的简称。
用于单数chs.=chapters章节的简称。
用于两章以上如nd 2 Chap.二chapter章节的简称。
用于单数。
cf.二confer试比较,比照。
与cp.可替换使用。
cp.二compare 比较Cp=Cpindex 索弓|C.V.=curriculumvitae 简历。
c. fig. = cum figura 具有插图。
cat. = catalogus 目录,书目。
coll. = collectio采集品(即采集的标本)。
coll. = collector采集者,采集人。
collect. = collector 采集者,采集人。
comb. nov. = comblnatio nova 新组合(命名上的)。
distr. = distributus , -a , -um 分布。
Eead.=eadem同上用来避免脚注、书目、引用等处重复某个女性作者的名字e.d./ed.二主编如果是多人合编用eds.e.g. = exempli gratia 例,例如。
e.p. = ex parte部分〖地〗,其中一部分。
ex从……,由……,根据……excl.=exclusa 不包括。
ex auct.descr.根据原作者描述ex max.p. = ex minimaparte 其中绝大部分。
et.及,和。
etc.=etcetera 等等,等物。
et al.二et alii等等,等物,等人。
et seq.=etsequenset seqq. =etsequenteset sequa.=etsequentia 参照Ff. = forma 变型,型。
英语单词缩略词大全IT:信息技术(Information Technology)PC:个人电脑(Personal Computer)APP:应用程序(Application)CPU:中央处理器(Central Processing Unit)www:环球信息网/万维网(World Wide Web)WiFi:无线网络/无线保真技术(Wireless Fidelity)CD:光盘/激光唱片(Compact Disk)DJ:音乐节目主持人(Disc Jockey)TEL:电话机(Telephone)VCD:录像光盘(Video Compact Disk)DVD:数字录像光盘(Digital Video Disk)VCR:盒式磁带录像(Video Cassette Recorder)MV:音乐短片(Music Video)KTV:卡拉OK(Karaok TV)TV:电视(TeleVision)GPS:全球定位系统(Global Positioning System)ETC:不停车收费系统(Electronic Toll Collection)ABS:防锁死刹车系统(Antilock Brake System)SUV:运动型多用途轿车(Sport Utility Vehicle)BRT:快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit)LRT:轻轨公交系统(Light Rail Transit)ATM:自动取款机(Automatic Teller Machine)国家/地区及国际组织类PRC:中华人民共和国(The People s Republic of China)HK:香港(Hong Kong)JP:日本(Japan)KR:韩国(Korea)UK:英国(United Kingdom)US:美国(United States)USA:美国(United States of America)RUS:俄罗斯(Russia)SGP:新加坡(Singapore)EU:欧洲联盟/欧盟(European Union)UN:联合国(United Nations)WTO:世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization)WHO:世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)CIA:美国中央情报局(Central Intelligence Agency)FBI:美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of investigation)FDA:食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)ICAC:廉政公署(Independent Commission Against Corruption)OPEC:石油输出国组织/欧佩克(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)图片机构/公司和协会类EMS:邮政特快专递(Express Mail Service)PLA:中国人民解放军(People s Liberation Army)CCTV:中国中央电视台(China Central Television)CBA:中国篮球协会(Chinese Basketball Association)NBA:美国篮球协会(National Basketball Association)BBC:英国广播公司(British Broad-casting Corporation)VOA:美国之音(Voice of America)IOC:国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)ISBN:国际标准书号(International Standard Book Number)其他常见杂类缩写Ad:广告(Advertisement)Add:地址(Address)BBQ:烧烤(Barbecue)DIY:自己动手/自助服务(Do it Yourself)ET:外星人(Extra Terrestrial)ID:身份证(Identification Card)IQ:智商(Intelligence Quotient)EQ:情商(Emotional Quotient)PE:体育(Physical Education)No.:号码/编号(Number)KFC:肯德基(Kentucky Fried Chicken)DNA:遗传基因组织(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)GMT:格林威治时间或国际标准时间(Greenwich Mean Time)GDP:国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)OMG:我的上帝/我的天哪(Oh My God)SOS:求救信号(Save Our Soul)UFO:不明飞行物(Unknown Flying Object)VIP:重要人物/贵宾(Very Important Person)WC:厕所(Water Closet)Mr.:先生(Mister)Ms.:女士(Mrs. or Miss)Mrs.:夫人/太太(Mistress)AD:公元(Anno Domini)BC:公元前(Before Christ)AM:上午(Ante Meridiem)(before noon)PM:下午(Post Meridiem)(afternoon)CEO:首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer)CFO:首席财务官(Chief Finance Officer)COO:首席运营官(Chief Operating Officer)CTO:首席技术官(Chief Technology Officer)PhD:博士(Philosophy Doctor)MBA:工商管理硕士(Master of Business Administration)MPA:公共管理硕士(Master of Public Administration)中国人民银行:PBC(The People s Bank of China)中国建设银行:CCB(China Construction Bank)中国农业银行:ABC(Agriculture Bank of China)中国工商银行:ICBC(Industrial & Commercial Bank of China)中国银行:BOC(Bank of China)交通银行:BCM(Bank of Communications)招商银行:CMB(China Merchants Bank)。
英语中常见的缩略语Common Acronyms in the English Language.In today's fast-paced world, acronyms have become ubiquitous. They are used in every field, from business and technology to education and healthcare. Knowing the most common acronyms can help you stay up-to-date and communicate effectively.General Acronyms.ASAP As soon as possible.FYI For your information.IMO In my opinion.IMHO In my humble opinion.BTW By the way.BRB Be right back.LOL Laugh out loud.OMG Oh my God.SMH Shaking my head.TBH To be honest.IMHO In my humble opinion.Business and Finance Acronyms. CEO Chief executive officer. CFO Chief financial officer. COO Chief operating officer. CMO Chief marketing officer.CIO Chief information officer.CTO Chief technology officer.ROI Return on investment.EBITDA Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.P&L Profit and loss statement.SWOT Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.Technology Acronyms.CPU Central processing unit.GPU Graphics processing unit.RAM Random access memory.ROM Read-only memory.SSD Solid-state drive.HDD Hard disk drive.LAN Local area network.WAN Wide area network.VPN Virtual private network. Wi-Fi Wireless fidelity.Education Acronyms.GPA Grade point average.SAT Scholastic Aptitude Test. ACT American College Testing.GED General Educational Development.ESL English as a second language.TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language.IELTS International English Language Testing System. Healthcare Acronyms.EKG Electrocardiogram.EEG Electroencephalogram.MRI Magnetic resonance imaging.CT Computed tomography.ICU Intensive care unit.ER Emergency room.RN Registered nurse.MD Doctor of medicine.DO Doctor of osteopathic medicine. Other Common Acronyms.ASAP As soon as possible.FYI For your information.IIRC If I recall correctly.BTW By the way.ETA Estimated time of arrival.RSVP Please respond.FAQ Frequently asked questions.Acronyms can be a great way to save time and space, but it's important to use them sparingly and only when you're sure that your audience will understand them. If you're not sure whether an acronym is appropriate, or if you're usingit in a formal setting, it's best to spell it out in full.Here are some tips for using acronyms effectively:Use acronyms sparingly.Only use acronyms that are well-known to your audience. Define acronyms the first time you use them.Be consistent with your use of acronyms.Avoid using acronyms in formal settings.。
英语名词缩写词大全在现代社会中,缩写词在英语中被广泛使用,尤其是在行政、商业和科技领域。
正是这些简短且易于记忆的缩写词,为我们提供了高效通讯和交流的便利。
下面将介绍一些常见的英语名词缩写词,帮助大家更好地理解和运用这些缩写词。
1. 缩写词•USA:United States of America(美利坚合众国)•NASA:National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration(美国国家航空航天局)•FBI:Federal Bureau of Investigation(美国联邦调查局)•CIA:Central Intelligence Agency(美国中央情报局)•UN:United Nations(联合国)•EU:European Union(欧洲联盟)•CEO:Chief Executive Officer(首席执行官)•CFO:Chief Financial Officer(首席财务官)•CEO:Chief Technology Officer(首席技术官)2. 在商业领域的应用在商业领域中,缩写词也被广泛使用,以简化表达和提高效率。
•KPI:Key Performance Indicator(关键绩效指标)•ROI:Return on Investment(投资回报率)•B2B:Business to Business(企业对企业)•B2C:Business to Consumer(企业对消费者)•CRM:Customer Relationship Management(客户关系管理)•PR:Public Relations(公共关系)•HR:Human Resources(人力资源)3. 科技领域的缩写词在科技领域,各种缩写词更是层出不穷,让人应接不暇。
•AI:Artificial Intelligence(人工智能)•ML:Machine Learning(机器学习)•IoT:Internet of Things(物联网)•VR:Virtual Reality(虚拟现实)•AR:Augmented Reality(增强现实)•UI:User Interface(用户界面)•UX:User Experience(用户体验)4. 总结以上仅是部分常见的英语名词缩写词,随着社会的不断发展和进步,新的缩写词也在不断涌现。
词典学术语abbreviation缩略语abbreviative notation缩略标记abridged删节的,未足本的abridged dictionary节本词典abridgement删节,节本absolute equivalent绝对对应词absolute synonym绝对同义词abusage滥用abusive language辱骂语academic dictionary学术词典academic lexicography学术词典学academy dictionary学院词典accent mark重音号acceptability接受性acceptability rating接受等级access alphabet检索字母表access point检索项access structure检索结构acknowledges致谢项acrolect上层方言acronym首字母缩略词active dictionary积极词典,主动性词典active vocabulary积极词汇adjectival noun形容词性名词adjective complement形容词性补语adjective compound复合形容词adjunct附加性副词adnominal名词修饰语advanced searches高级搜索affix词缀affixation词缀法,词缀词agglutinative language黏着型语言alien word外来词allomorph语素变体allophone音位变体allusion典故alphabetic arrangement字母顺序排列alphabetic order字母顺序alphabetic sequence字母顺序alphabetic writing字母文字,拼音文字alphabetization按字母顺序排列alphanumeric combination字母数字组合词alphapedia字顺百科alternative lexicography另类词典学ambiguity歧义ambilogy双关语amelioration of meaning词义的扬升Americanism美国词语,美式英语Ampersand&号(=and)analogical dictionary类义词典analytic definition分析式释义analytic language分析型语言analytical ordering分析排列angle brackets尖括号animate noun生物名词,动物名词anisomorphism语言差异性antedating早于已摘录文献的引语anthroponymy人名学antidictionary反动词典appendix附录appreciative赞赏的,褒义的appropriateness得体性,适切性approximative equivalent近义对等词arch弓形符(即︵)archaic word古词archaism古体,古语archaizing dictionary仿古词典archeography古文献学archive引语档案areal linguistics区域语言学argot黑话arrow箭号article词条,条目artificial language人工语言asserted meaning陈述意义association联想association by contiguity相邻联想association by contrast对比联想association by similarity类似联想association group联想词群associational word联想词associative meaning联想意义asterisk星号(*)at单价号(@)attestation isolee个别使用attributive adjective修饰性形容词authentic example真确性例证authentication求证authenticity真实性author dictionary独编词典author’s dictionary作家词典automatic lemmatization自动归目automatic lexicography自动词典学autosemantic word自义词auxiliary verb助动词back clipping截尾缩略back matter附录部分,后文back matter structure附录结构back page material后页材料back-formation逆构词法backward dictionary逆序词典,倒排词典barbarism不纯正的词语,粗野语base词基,词根base structure基础结构base word词目base-repeating词根重叠释义法basic searches基本搜索basic sense基本义项basic vocabulary基本词汇basic word stock基本词汇bias word倾向性词语bias-free vocabulary无偏见词汇biblical expression圣经词语bibliography书目;目录学bidirectional dictionary双向双语词典bifunctional dictionary双功能词典big dictionary大型词典bilingual dictionary双语词典bilingual edition双解本,双解版bilingual learner’s dictionary双语学习词典bilingual lexicography双语词典学bilingual thesaurus双语分类词典bilingualized dictionary双解词典biographical dictionary人名词典biographical entry人名条目biographical lexicography人名词典学biographical sources传记资料blend混成词,拼缀词blending混成法,拼缀法;拼缀词bogey怪字bold-faced type黑体字borrowed word外借词borrowing借词bound equivalent局限对应词bound form黏附形式bound morpheme黏着词素bound root黏着词根braces大括号brackets方括号breve短音符bridge dictionary桥接词典British National Corpus英国国家语料库broad notation宽式标音法broad transcription宽式音标,宽式记音法browser浏览器buying guide购买指南cacography拼写错误cacology用词不当calque仿照词canonical form标准形式cant隐语,黑话capital letter大写字母caret脱字号(^)casual style随便语体,随意文本catachresis词语误用catchword眉词,导词categorical diversity范畴的差异性categorical equivalence范畴对应关系categorical identity范畴一致性categorization划分范畴,归类caution提醒号CD-ROM dictionary光盘词典censorship审查制度census普查,调查centered period分节点,音节号,中黑点(·)character dictionary字典character set字集check mark核对号(√)children’s dictionary儿童词典chronological dictionary序时词典circular definition循环释义circularity循环释义,互训circumflex音调符号,长音符号circumlocution迂回曲折表达法,遁词citation引语,书证,例证citation file引例档案classificatory label分类标注,类别标记clause idiom成语性分句cliché陈词滥调clipped form截短形式clipped word截短词clipping截短法close construction封闭结构closed combination封闭型组合closed corpus封闭式语料库closed-class words封闭性词类code代码codification编码coding代码化cognate同源词cognitive meaning认知意义coherence连贯性co-hyponym共下义词,共同受支配词coinage新造词语coined term新造术语coined word新造词,新创词college dictionary大学词典collegiate dictionary大学词典collocation搭配(关系)collocational information搭配信息collocative meaning搭配意义colloquial language口语colloquial standard口语标准语colloquial word口语词colloquialism口语词colorpedia彩图百科comb effect梳子效应combinatory possibility组合可能性combinatory variant组合变体combining form组合形式commercial dictionary商业词典common core vocabulary基本词汇,共有核心词汇common usage普通用法common word普通词compact dictionary缩印词典compact edition缩印版comparative lexicography比较词典学compilation(词典)编纂compiler编纂者compiler perspective编篡者视角complementaries互补反义词complete antonym完全反义词complete synonym完全同义词complex word复杂词componential analysis成分分析,义素分析composition合词法compound复合词compound word复合词,合成词compounding复合构词法comprehensive dictionary详解词典computational lexicography计算词典学computer lexicography计算机词典学conceptual connection概念联系conceptual dictionary概念词典conceptual meaning概念意义concise dictionary简明词典concordance语词索引confrontationist linguistics对照语言学conjunct连接性副词connotation隐含意义;附加意义;内涵connotative meaning内涵意义connotative style咨询文体content word实义词context语境context definition语境释义法context of situation言语环境,情景语境contextual definition语境释义contextual function语境功能contextual meaning语境意义contextual theory语境理论contract word缩写词contracted form,contraction缩写contradictory term对立性反义词contrast对称词contrastive analysis对比分析contrastive linguistics对比语言学conversion词类转化法conversive换位反义词cooccurrence同现cooccurrence relation同现关系cooccurrence restriction同现限制cooccurrence-range搭配cooccurrent meaning共现意义copying in dictionaries词典抄借copyright版权core group核心词群core sense核心义项core vocabulary核心词汇core word核心词co-reference互见corpus语料库corpus composition语料库的组成corpus correction语料库矫正corpus-orient lexicography语料库技术词典学correction矫正correctness正确性count noun可数名词countable noun可数名词coverage覆盖度creole混合语creolized language混合语cross reference互参,互见,交互参照cross-classification交叉结构cross-reference structure参见结构cryptogram密码cryptology隐语cultivated spoken language有教养的口头语言cultivated usage优雅用法cultural borrowing文化借用cultural context文化环境cultural dictionary文化词典cultural guide文化向导cultural lexicography文化词典学cultural-bound lexical item文化局限词汇项cultural-bound term(word)文化局限词cultural-loaded expression文化含义词cultural-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇culture-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇cuneiform,cuneiform writing楔形文字curtailed word缩短词cyclopedia百科全书cynicism挖苦语dagger剑号(┼)data bank数据库database数据库,资料库databases&audio-visual materials数据库与声像资料data-processing资料加工,数据处理dead affix废弃的词缀,废缀dead conjugation已经不用的词形变化形式dead language死语言dead metaphor死隐语dead word废词deadjective suffix附加于形容词的后缀deadjective verb来自形容词的动词declension(静词)词尾变化decode解码decoding dictionary解码词典decoding function解码功能de-etymologization词源中断definiendum被下定义的词语,被释词目definiens(pl.definientia)下定义用的词语,释义defining dictionary释义词典defining vocabulary(DV)定义用词汇,定义用词汇总表definition释义,定义deflexion词尾消失degeneration of meaning词义的降格deictic field指示范围denominal adjective来自名词的形容词denominal noun来自名词的名词denominal suffix附加于名词的后缀denominal verb来自名词的动词denotation所指意义,字面意义denotational meaning指称意义,所指意义denotative meaning外延意义denotatum(pl.denotata)所指客观对象density of entries词条密度derivation派生词;派生法derivation by zero suffix零位后缀派生法derivational affix派生词缀derivational antonym派生反义词derivational compound派生复合词derivational morpheme派生形素derivational suffix派生后缀derivative派生词derived form源出(<)derived sense派生义项derived stem派生词干deriving form派生形式derogatory贬损的,贬义的description描写descriptive dictionary描写性词典descriptive equivalent描写性对应词descriptive function描写功能descriptive trend描写性倾向descriptivism描写主义descriptor系索词,标志词designate定义,所指内容的组成designation指称意义designative word指称词designatum(pl.designata)所指内容desk dictionary案头词典desktop e-dictionary桌面电子词典desktop electronic-dictionary桌面电子词典deterioration of meaning词义降格,词义贬降determiner限定词deverbal adjective来自于动词的形容词deverbal noun来自于动词的名词deverbal suffix附加于动词的后缀diachronic approach历时角度diachronic dictionary历时词典diacritic变音符,附加符号diacritic sign附加符号diacritical mark变音符,附加符号diacritical marking符号标音法dialect dictionary方言词典dialect lexicography方言词典学dialectism方言词语diction措词dictionary词典,字典dictionary awareness词典意识dictionary criticism词典批评dictionary culture词典文化dictionary family词典家族dictionary for comprehension理解型词典dictionary for production生成型词典dictionary for speakers of the source language源语用户词典dictionary for speakers of the target language目的语用户词典dictionary for translation翻译词典dictionary form词典形式dictionary history词典史dictionary lookup词典查检dictionary maker词典编篡者dictionary making词典编篡dictionary meaning词典意义dictionary of proverbs谚语词典dictionary of the literary language书面语词典dictionary of the spoken language口语词典dictionary proper正文部分dictionary research词典研究dictionary review词典评论dictionary structure词典结构dictionary text词典语篇dictionary typology词典类型学dictionary use词典使用dictionary user词典使用者dictionary with bilingual双解词典dictionary word词典词didactic function教导功能differentia specifica属差differentia(pl.differentiae)种差differential dictionary区别性词典differential linguistics区别语言学diglossia双语现象diglottic level双语现象的变体diminutive指小(词)diminutive suffix指小后缀directories of agencies机构指南disambiguation消除歧义discourse meaning话语意义discrimination辨异,词义辨析disjunct分离性副词distinctive feature区别性特征distributional analysis分布分析法ditransitive verb双宾语动词ditto“同上”号(″)division into syllables分音节DJ丹尼尔▪琼斯标音法domesticated word归化词dominant sense主要意义double brackets双方括号double check双核对号(√)double dagger双剑号(╪)double scale组成一对的同义词double virgules双斜线号(//)doublet同源异体字echoic word拟声词edition版本editor编辑EFL lexicography英语作为外语的学习词典学electronic bilingual dictionary电子双语词典electronic dictionary电子词典electronic lexicography电子词典学elevation of meaning词义的扬升ellipsis省略号(…)ELT lexicography英语教学词典学emotive meaning情感意义emotive overtone感情色彩empirical ordering经验排列enclitic后接词encode编码,组码encoding dictionary编码词典encoding function编码功能encyclopedia百科全书encyclopedia definition百科释义encyclopedic dictionary百科词典encyclopedic entry百科条目encyclopedic matter百科信息English Philological Society英语语文协会entailed meaning蕴含意义entry条目,词条entry pane条目窗entry word词目ephemeral word瞬息新词equivalent对应词equivalent analogue等值的对应体ESL(English as second language)作为第二语言的英语ethnolinguistic bilingual dictionary人类语言学双语词典etymological dictionary词源词典etymology词源(学)euphemism委婉语everyday expression日常用语example,example-sentence例句exclamation mark感叹号exegetic dictionary注释词典exemplification括注法explanatory definition解说式释义explanatory equivanlent解释对等词explanatory gloss解释性说明explicit cross-reference明示互参extended sense引申意义extension外延extension of meaning语义扩大extinct language死语,死亡语extralinguistic context语言外语境familiar style非正式文体family of languages语系field场field theory词场理论field label学科标注figurative meaning比喻意义figurative speech比喻语figurative-metaphorical比喻隐喻的figure of speech修辞格file资料档案files of citation引例档案filler-in填空词fist参见号fixed accent固定重音fixed collocation固定搭配fixed phrase固定短语fixed stress固定重音fixed word-combination固定词组fixed word-order固定词序folk definition通俗释义folk etymology民俗词源,俗词源学folk speech民间语folk usage通俗用法folk-etymological民俗词源的forcing example强迫性例证foreign affix外来词缀foreign learner’s dictionary外国学习者词典foreign word外来词,外语词foreignism外来词语form of address称呼形式form speech正式言语form style正式文体form word形式词format板式,开本formative构词成分formulaic definition程式释义four-letter word四字母语,粗俗词语frame(structure)框架(结构)free combination自由组合free morpheme自由语素free root自由词根free translation意译free variant自由变体free variation自由变异free word order自由词序French quotes法文引号,书名号frequency词频frequency word-book频率词表front and back clipping对词的首部与尾部的缩略front clipping对词的首部的缩略front matter前页部分front matter,front page material前页,前页材料,(正文前的)材料frozen expression定型短语frozen style拘谨文体full homonym实足同形同音异义词full word实词,完全词function word功能词,虚词functional equivalent功能等值functional label功能标注functional language功能语言functional marker功能标记functional typology功能分类法functional varieties功能变体functional word功能词,虚词fuzzy terms模糊词语gazetteer地名索引,地名词典gem dictionary珍宝词典,精选词典general concordance普通词表general dictionary通用词典;普通词典generalization of meaning词的普遍化general-purpose bilingual dictionary综合性双语词典,通用双语词典general-purpose dictionary综合性(语文)词典general-purpose English dictionary综合性英语词典generative dictionary生成词典generic term类属词genus总属genus proximum近种geographical dictionary地理词典geographical entry地理条目geographical sources地理资料ghostword鬼词,别字giving synonyms同义词释义gleaning补遗gloss夹注,注释glossary注释词表,术语汇编glueword连接词gobbledygook官样文章Gothic writing哥特体字,黑体字governed word受支配词governing word支配词government publications政府出版物gradable adjective等级形容词grammar语法grammatical bound meaning受语法限制的意义grammatical coding语法代码grammatical collocation语法搭配grammatical context语法语境grammatical function语法功能grammatical information语法信息grammatical labeling语法代码grammatical marker语法标记grammatical motivation语法理据grammatical pattern语法模式grammatical sequence语法序列grammatically-partial word虚词graphic illustration插图,图解graphic substance形的实体graphic symbol书写符号guide word眉题,向导词habitual collocation习惯性搭配habitual co-occurrence习惯性同现handheld electronic dictionary掌上电子词典haplography掉字,漏写hard word难词head phrase词条headword词目heavy-duty word重负荷词hesitation-form犹豫形式hierarchical structure层级结构hierarchical system层级系统hieroglyphic writing象形文字high word高位词historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical dictionary(按历史原则编写的)历史词典historical lexicography历史词典学historical ordering历史排列historical principle历史性原则historism历史词语homograph同形异义词homography同形异义homonym同音异义词,同形异义词homonymy同音异义,同形异义homophone mark同音号humorous幽默的hybrid混合词hybrid language混杂词hybrid word混合词,杂交词hyperonym总义词hypersemanticized discourse超语义化的说法hyphen连字符;隔音号hyphenated name连号hyphenation断词hyphenation routine连字法规则hypocoristic form爱称形式hypocoristic word爱称词hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系identifying indication识别性说明ideogram表意文字ideographic symble表意符号ideographic writing表意文字ideography表意文字研究ideographical dictionary概念词典,义类词典ideographical function意识功能idiom习语,成语idiomatic expression习惯性词语idiomatic usage习惯用法idiomatics习语学,成语学illiterate language文盲用语illustration插图,例证illustrative citation例证,引证illustrative example说明性例句;例证illustrative quotation例证imitation binding仿古装帧imitative semantic change语义变化模仿immediate postpositive直接后置形容词implicative method隐含法implicit cross-reference暗示互参impolite word不礼貌用语imposition强加inappropriate不得体的indention缩格index索引index verborum词语出处索引indexation索引检索indexes&abstracts索引与摘要indexing language索引语言infix中缀inflected language屈折语inflection屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional language屈折语inflectional morpheme屈折词素inflectional variant屈折变体inflective language屈折语inflexion屈折变化inflexional ending词尾屈折inflexional language屈折语inflexional series屈折序列inflexional suffix屈折后缀informal style非正式文体informant语言调查合作人information card背景资料卡information category信息范畴information retrieval language情报检索语言informative dictionary知识性词典initial inflexion开首屈折initial part词首部分initialism首字母连写词inkhorn term学究气的用语innovation新造词insertible equivalent可插入对应词instruction manual说明手册instrument language古今语言instrumental case工具格intensifier强调成分interactive dictionary交互词典interface language接口语言interjection感叹词interlingual dictionary语际词典interlingual interference语际障碍interlingual purism语际语言纯正主义International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)国际音标,国际音标注音法internationalism国际词intimate style亲昵语体intralingual purism内部语言纯正主义introspective example自省性例证invented example自造词irregular inflection不规则屈折形式italic斜体字italic bold-face type斜黑体jargon行话KK KK音标koine共通语,共同语language for specific purposes专门用途语言language notes语言说明language transfer语言迁移language typology语言类型学langue语言,语言系统latent word潜在词Latinism拉丁词语learned word文言词learner’s dictionary学生词典lemma词目lemma unit词目单位letter-by-letter arrangement纯字母排列法lexeme词汇单位;词位,词素,词项lexical词汇的,语词的lexical ambiguity词汇歧义;词汇模糊性lexical collocation词汇搭配lexical context词汇语境lexical density词汇密度lexical entry词项,语词条目lexical equivalent词义对应词lexical expression词汇表达方式lexical field词汇场lexical gap词汇空缺lexical grammar词汇语法lexical item词汇单位;词位,词素,词项lexical meaning词汇意义lexical set词群,词集lexical stock词汇总库lexical unit词汇单位lexical word词汇词lexicographer词典学家,词典编篡者lexicographese词典用语lexicographic context词典语境lexicography词典学,词典编篡,词典编篡学lexicology词汇学lexicon词典(尤指古代语言的词典);词库ligature连音符lingua franca混合语,通用语,交际语linguistic context语言语境linguistic dictionary语文词典linguistic matter语言信息linguistic typology硬译分类学linguistics across culture跨文化语言学literal error排字错误,印刷错误literal meaning字面意义literal translation直译,硬译literary书面语literary language文学语言literary standard文学标准语literary word书面词语live suffix活后缀living affix现在通用的词缀living conjugation“活”的(词形)变化living language现用语言,活语言living word现在通用的词汇loan blend借词混成词,借词拼缀词loan shift转用借词loan translation翻译借词,仿译词loan word借词,外来词local dialect地方方言locution措词logical definition逻辑式定义logical ordering逻辑排列logographic lexicon字典logography速记符long vowel长元音lower-case letter小写字母(印刷用语)LSP lexicography专业英语词典学machine-readable dictionary机读词典machine-aided lexicography机助词典学macro-lexicography宏观词典学macron长音符(加在元音上的“-”)macrostructure宏观结构made-up example自造例main word主导词majuscule大写字母makeshift language代用语言malformation构词错误,误构manual手册maps&atlases地图与地图集marginal meaning外延意义mark,marker标记master index总索引meaning意义meaning discrimination词义辨析meaning-oriented principle意义中心原则means of access检索途径measure adjective度量形容词measure noun度量名词mechanical dictionary电脑词典mediostructure中间结构medium dictionary中型词典megastruture整体结构metalanguage元语言metalexicography元词典学metaphor隐喻metaphoric meaning比喻意义,喻义metaplasm词形变异methodology方法论metonymy换喻,转喻microcontext微观语境microglossary微词典microlexicography微观词典学microstructure微观结构middle matter正文部分midline dot分节点mixed language混合语modal verb情态动词mode式momentary event verb瞬间动作动词monolingual dictionary单语词典monolingual lexicography单语词典学monosemic word单义词monosemy单义性moribund language垂死语言morpheme语素morpheme word语素词morphemic arrangement语素顺序排列morphemic dictionary词素词典morphemical mark形态符号morphology词法morphology label词法标注mother tongue negative transfer母语负迁移motional verb动作动词motivated word有理据的词motivation of word词的理据multi-lingual dictionary多语词典multilingual lexicography多语词典学multi-media dictionary多媒体词典multiword lexical unit多单词词位,复词词汇单位narrow Romic严式罗密克音标narrow transcription严式音标,窄式记音法narrowed meaning狭义narrowing词义缩小native affix本族词缀native language本族语native speaker说本族语的人native speaker’s dictionary本族语词典native word本族词natural language自然语言near-synonym近义词negative transfer负迁移neoclassic formation新古典词的构词法neoclassic word新古典词neologism新词nest(ing)派生词群nest-alphabetic method词集字母排列法nil-equivalent零对应词,无对应词noetics义位学nomenclature术语集nominal definition名目定义nonce-word临时词non-designative非指称词non-echoic word非拟声词non-gradable adjective非等级形容词non-historical dictionary非历史词典non-insertible equivalent非插入对应词non-productive无构词能力的non-restrictive collocation非限制性搭配nonstandard非标准(用语)normal dictionary传统词典normative dictionary规范词典normative lexicography规范性词典学notional passive意义上被动notional system概念系统notional word实义词noun名词noun adjunct附加名词noun cluster名词词组noun compound复合名词noun of multitude群体名词noun-drivative派生名词now rare目前少用nuance细微差别numbered clause分节号(§)numeral数词object宾语object language目的语,对象语言obsolescent陈旧的obsolete已废的obsolete affix废缀obsolete word旧词obsoletism已废弃的词语one-phrase definition单一短语释义法one-to-one correspondence一一对应one-to-one equivalent一一对等on-line dictionary在线词典,网络词典onomasiological gap词汇空缺;名称空缺onomasiology定名学onomasticon专名词典onomatopoeic word拟声词open combination开放型组合open corpus开放式语料库open-class words开放性词类opposite meaning对立意义optional variant随意变体oratorical style演说文体ordinal number序数词ordinals序数词orthographic criterion书写标准orthographic syllable拼法音节orthography正字法,拼写法ostensive definition直观定义ostensive definition直观释义法output language输出语outside matter正文外部分overall-descriptive dictionary全面描写词典over-defining过度释义P marker短语标记pagination页码检索paper dictionary纸质词典paradigm(名词、动词等的)词形变化表paragraph分节号(§);段落;段落号(▪)parallel bars平行号(║)parent language母语,源语parentheses圆括号parole言语paronym形似词partial conversion部分词类转化partial equivalent部分对应词partial homonym部分同音同形异义词participle分词particle小品词,语助词parts of speech词类parts-of-speech label词性标注passive dictionary被动型词典,消极词典patois土话pedagogical dictionary教学词典pedagogical lexicography教学词典学pejorative轻蔑词pejorative epithet表贬损的修饰语pejorative suffix贬义后缀perfect antonym完全反义词perfect equivalence完全对等perfect equivalent完全对等词perfect homonym完全同音同形异义词period句号period dictionary断代词典period lexicography断代词典学peripheral kinds of vocabulary边缘性词汇peripheral language外围语periphrastic definition迂回定义peroration of meaning词义的降格personal suffix人称后缀phantom word幻象词phenomenological typology现象分类法philological bilingual dictionary语文学双语词典philological dictionary语文词典philology语文学phoneme音位,音素phonemic notation音标,音位标音法phonemic transcription音位标音phonemic word音位词phonemics音位学,音素学phonetic acronym语音缩写词phonetic alphabet音标,语音字母phonetic change语音演变phonetic convergence音变的汇合phonetic hyphen隔音号(-)phonetic motivation拟声理据phonetic pattern语音模式phonetic spelling表音拼写法phonetic syllable语音音节phonetic symbol音标,音符phonetic transcription注音,标音法phonetic writing拼音文字phoneticism音标拼词法phonographic alphabet表音字母phonology音系学,音位学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语,词组phrase clipping短语略写phrase idiom惯用短语phrase marker短语标记phraseological dictionary熟语词典phraseological lexicography熟语词典学phraseology熟语,熟语集phrasing措词pictograph象形文字pictographic writing图画文字pictorial arrangement图式顺序排列pictorial dictionary图画词典pictorial illustration插图pidgin混杂语pidgin English洋泾浜英语plurality复数性,多重性plurilingual多语种的plurilingualism多语制pocket dictionary袖珍词典pocket electronic dictionary掌上电子词典poetic word诗歌用语poetical archaic word诗用古词poetry诗体poetism诗体词语polite formulas礼貌套语polylingual多语种的polylingual dictionary多语种对照词典polylingualism多语制polyseme,polysemous word多义词(现象)polysemy多义现象,一词多义polysyllable多音节词polytechnic dictionary科技词典popular etymology俗词源学popular language俗语popular word俗语词portmanteau word紧缩词post-modifier后置修饰语postpositive后置形容词pragmalinguistics语用语言学pragmatic analysis语用分析pragmatic equivalent语用对应词pragmatic failure语用失误pragmatics语用学predeterminer前置限定词predicative表语preface序言prefix前缀prefixation加前缀premodifier前置修饰语prescriptive规范性的prescriptive dictionary规范词典prescriptive grammar规定语法prescriptive lexicography规定性词典学prescriptive trend规定性倾向prescriptivism规定主义present participle现在分词presentational affix表义词缀presentational or tectonic typology表述(或构造)分类法primary accent主重音primary linguistic data第一手语言资料primary meaning本义primitive原始词principal language主体语言print dictionary印刷型词典printing印刷proclitic后接发音词productive activity(说、写等)产出性活动productive affix有派生能力的词缀,派生词缀productive bilingual dictionary能产性双语词典productive dictionary产出型词典productive function产出功能productivity能产性pronominal adjective代词性形容词pronouncing dictionary发音词典pronunciation key发音表prototype原型proverb谚语provincial standard地方标准punctuation mark标点符号punning双关语purism语言纯正主义purrword褒词quadrilingual dictionary四语词典quasi-normative bilingual dictionary准规范化双语词典quasi-synonym准同义词quasi-synoymous word准同义词questionnaire问卷,调查表quotation书证quotation mark引号radiation(词义的)辐射radical词根,部首radical flexion词根屈折radical language词根语radical sense原始义range of application使用范围range of collocation搭配范围rare罕用reading programme阅读项目real definition真实定义realization体现关系Received Pronunciation(RP)标准发音receptive activity接收活动receptive function接收功能receptor language接收语reciprocal dictionary互补词典reciprocal relation相互关系reduced entry减缩词条reduplication重叠reduplicative word重叠词reference参见reference book工具书reference dictionary查考型词典reference matter检索信息reference mark检索符号reference need检索目的reference skill检索技巧reference unit检索单位referent所指事物,词目所指的对象referential definition所指释义referential meaning information所指意义referential pragmatics指代语用学referential symbolism所指符号refinement修饰reflected meaning发射意义regional word地区性词regionalism区域词语register域register label语域标注relational word关系词relative synonym相对同义词,近义词reroute重新查找respelling schemes重拼法respelling system重拼发音符号系统restricted language限制性语言restriction of meaning词义的限制restrictive collocation限制性搭配reverse dictionary逆序词典rheme述位rhyming dictionary音韵词典Roman type正体字root词根root antonym词根反义词root inflexion词根屈折root form词根形式,根式round brackets圆括号runic writing北欧古代文字running head向导词run-on(entry)副词目,内词条sandhi连读变音scholarly dictionary学术词典schoolboy slang学生俚语scientific terminology科技术语search检索,搜索searching window检索窗secondary accent次重音,次重音号secondary compound二次复合词secondary derivative次派生词secondary language第二语言secondary meaning次要意义secondary morpheme-word次语素词secondary phoneme次音位secondary stress次重音segmental dictionary部分语词词典,特种语词词典selection of entries(articles)选条selection of head characters选字selection of headwords选词selection preference选择倾向selection restriction选择限制sell-aware form自觉形式semantic affinity语义一致semantic arrangement语义顺序排列semantic coincidence语义重合semantic component语义成分semantic condensation语义缩合semantic contradiction语义矛盾semantic contrast语义对比semantic criterion语义标准semantic dictionary主题词典semantic divergence词义分化semantic extension语义扩展semantic factor语义因素semantic field语义场semantic function语义功能semantic glosses语义注释semantic inclusion语义包容semantic intersection语义交叉semantic marker语义标记semantic motivation语义理据semantic properties语义特征semantic prototype model语义原型模式semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学sememe义素semi-bilingual半双解semicolon分号semiology,semiotics符号学semi-unabridged dictionary半足本词典sense义项sense discrimination义项区分sense relation义项关系sentence connector连接词sentence idiom成语性句子sentence pattern句型sentence substitute替代词set expression固定词语shades of meaning语义色彩shift sign移位符(加在元音上的符号,如︵,′)short cuts词义速查short vowel短音符shortening缩短法signification词义singularity单数性slang俚语slang dictionary俚语词典slang expression俚语词语slang word俚语词slant斜线号(/)slip资料卡small capital小大写small dictionary小型词典snarl word贬词social dialect社会方言social-situational feature社会情景特征social-cultural meaning社会文化意义sociopragmatic information社会语用信息sociopragmatics社会语用学solecism语法错误solid compound固定复合词sound pattern语音模式sound shift语音演变sound system语音系统sound-variation语音变异source蓝本sources of statistics统计资料speaker-meaning说话人的用意special dictionary专科词典special lexicography专科词典学special pages专题页special-field dictionary专科词典specialized dictionary专门词典specialized meaning专用义specific term/word狭义词specifying gloss规定性注释speech act言语行为speech level label语言层次标注speech mechanism言语机制speech recognition言语识别speech repertoire活用语言库。
英语词典中的那些缩略语英语词典中的那些缩略语在词典里,无论是手机词典还是传统的词典书,我们肯定会遇到一种叫做“缩略词”的的东西。
它们要么表示各种词性、要么对词条加以说明性解释。
了解这些缩略词的含义,可以更好的关心我们理解词条。
下面是我为您收集整理的英语词典中的那些缩略语,供大家参考!英语词典中的那些缩略语一. 各种表示词性(part of speech)的缩略语n.[C] 或 CN=countablenoun 可数名词n.[U] 或 UN=uncountable noun 不行数名词v.[T] 或 vt=transitiveverb 及物动词v.[I] 或 vi=intransitive verb 不及物动词a 或 adj=adjective 形容词ad 或 adv=adverb 副词conj=conjunction 连接词prep=preposition 介词pron=pronoun 代词int=interjection 感叹词abbr=abbreviation 缩写,缩略语二. 各种对词条加以说明的解释性缩略语 esp=especially 尤指;尤用于usu=usually 通常作pl=prural 复数形式sing=singular 单数形式pers pron=personal pronoun 人称代词 attrib=attributive 用作定语pred=predicative 用作表语pref=prefix 前缀suff=suffix 后缀neg=negative 否定式euph=euphemistic 委婉语fig=figurative 比方用法idm=idiom 习语fml=formal 正式用语;书面语infml=informal 通俗用语;口语ironic 讽刺用语;反语joc=jocular 戏谑语compar=comparative form 比较级superl=superlative form 最高级approv=approving褒义derog=derogatory贬义app=appendix 附录dialect 方言sl=slang 俚语taboo避讳语non-standard 不规范用法old-fashioned 过时用法rare 罕见用法BrE 或 Brit=British English 英式英语AmE 或 US=American/United States English 美式英语 ScotE=Scottish English 苏格兰英语IrE=Irish English 爱尔兰英语CanE=Canadian English 加拿大英语AustrE 或 Austral=Australian English 澳大利亚英语NZE=New Zealand English 新西兰英语InE=Indian English 印度英语高中英语学问点虚拟语气对非现实的表达虚拟语气包含两种:一种指与事实相反或不行能发生。
英语词典中的那些缩略语
一. 各种表示词性(part of speech)的缩略语n.[C] 或CN=countablenoun 可数名词
n.[U] 或UN=uncountable noun 不可数名词v.[T] 或vt=transitiveverb 及物动词
v.[I] 或vi=intransitive verb 不及物动词
a 或adj=adjective 形容词
ad 或adv=adverb 副词
conj=conjunction 连接词
prep=preposition 介词
pron=pronoun 代词
int=interjection 感叹词
abbr=abbreviation 缩写,缩略语
二. 各种对词条加以说明的注释性缩略语
esp=especially 尤指;尤用于
usu=usually 通常作
pl=prural 复数形式
sing=singular 单数形式
pers pron=personal pronoun 人称代词
attrib=attributive 用作定语
pred=predicative 用作表语
pref=prefix 前缀
suff=suffix 后缀
neg=negative 否定式
euph=euphemistic 委婉语
fig=figurative 比喻用法
idm=idiom 习语
fml=formal 正式用语;书面语
infml=informal 通俗用语;口语ironic 讽刺用语;反语
joc=jocular 戏谑语
compar=comparative form 比较级superl=superlative form 最高级approv=approving褒义
derog=derogatory贬义
app=appendix 附录
dialect 方言
sl=slang 俚语
taboo避讳语
non-standard 不规范用法
old-fashioned 过时用法
rare 罕见用法
BrE 或Brit=British English 英式英语
AmE 或US=American/United States English 美式英语ScotE=Scottish English 苏格兰英语
IrE=Irish English 爱尔兰英语
CanE=Canadian English 加拿大英语
AustrE 或Austral=Australian English 澳大利亚英语NZE=New Zealand English 新西兰英语
InE=Indian English 印度英语。