词汇训练1答案

2020-2021人教新目标八年级英语下册unit1词汇专练（有答案）一、根据句意及汉语提示填写单词1. When people skate, they usually wear something to protect their _________（膝盖）.2. Do you know who is the first __________（登山者）to reach the top of Qomolangma?3 When you make a __________（决定), you must think about its result.4 Westerners use __________（刀）and forks to cat.5 Every morning,when you get up, you'd better open the window to__________（呼吸）the fresh air.6. If you eat too much ice-cream, you may have a _____________（胃痛）.7.I had a _____________（发烧）last night, and my mother took care of me all night.8. When you study or play the computer, you must have a _______（休息）every halfan hour.9._____________ (乘客) mustn't smoke on the high-speed train.10.Because he _____________(咳嗽) a lot, he didn't have a good sleep last night.11.There is something wrong with both my ________ (脚).12.—My right leg still ________ (疼痛) quite badly. What should I do?—You should go to see the doctor.13.Let's think about it before we have to make a________（决定）that could mean life or death.14.It was a hard________ (决定)but I felt I made the fight one．15.The doctor asked me to drink hot water with________（蜂蜜）because I had a sore throat.16.We were worried about those two________（登山者）．They lost their way.17.How many________(乘客)are there on the bus?18.He likes ball games very much,________ (尤其)football.17.The experience is ________ (设计) to test the new medicine.20.We can learn a lot of ________ (知识) from the books.二、根据字母提示填空1. What’s the m______ with you?2. We hear with our e______ and see with our e_______.3. I have a t_____, so I want to see a dentist.4. She is tired, and she s______ go to bed early.5. When you have a headache, please l_____ down and rest.6. There are many p_____ on the bus.7. He has a fever. Please take his t_______.8. Jim hurt h_____ in P.E. class.9. They made a d_______ to go to the mountains.10. We must know the i________ of English and studying harder.11. The sign m______ “No parking”.12. His parents are u______ to getting up early every morning.13. To my s_______, I passed the exam.14. Be careful, there are a lot of k______ on the shelf. They may cut your fingers.15. The girl is too young, to look after h______.16. Her temperature is 39.5℃, so she has a f .17. I have a t and I need to see a dentist.18. I felt something h me on the head.19. The little boy had lots of cold drinks and started to c .20. There are many p on the bus today. It’s very crowded.三、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

选择性必修二Unit 1 The mass media词汇练习篇I单词短语默写1.___________________ adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的2.___________________ vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄n.释放；发行；排放，泄露3.___________________ vi.& vt.延伸；扩大；延长；伸展4.___________________ adj.轻微的，次要的5.___________________ vi.& vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽噎，说不出话来6.___________________ adj.自动的；无意识的，不假思索的7.___________________ vi.& vt.侦查，调查；研究8.___________________ n.优先事项，首要事情，优先权，重点9.___________________ vt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥10.___________________ n.结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成11.___________________ adj.正确无误的；精确的12.___________________ n.辨别力，识别力；歧视，区别对待13.___________________ n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品14.___________________ vt.谴责，控诉15.___________________ n.行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明16.___________________ vt.& vi.见证；目击，作证n.目击者，见证人；证人17.___________________ n. 计算机平台；站台，月台；讲台，舞台18.___________________ n.说服，劝说；信仰19.___________________ vt.买，购买n. 购买，采购；购买项目20.___________________ vt.赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助n.赞助商；捐款人21.__________________________________________很多，几十个22.__________________________________________例如，比如23.__________________________________________揭露，披露24.__________________________________________致力于25.__________________________________________增加；上升26.__________________________________________迅速出现，突然兴起27.__________________________________________被传达，被理解，把...讲清楚28.__________________________________________增添乐趣；使更艳丽29.__________________________________________住宅区，住宅群30.__________________________________________对... ...进行准确叙述Ⅱ词汇填空1.You will ____________(automatic) get free dental treatment if you are under 18.2.His public speeches are in direct ____________(contradict) to his personal lifestyle.3.The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of ____________(curious).4.Only a ____________(minor) of children are fond of natural scenery while most of them like amusement parks.15.They ____________(trap) in the building and, luckily, the firefighters came to their rescue.6.There is no need to check the ____________(accurate) of these figures.7.Our new dormitories are still under ____________(construct).8.Only a few can afford to obtain ____________(profession) help from lawyers.9.Her assistant was accused ________ theft by the police.10.Police have appealed for ____________(witness) to the accident to come forward.ually, an ideal marriage ____________(found) on love and mutual respect.12.Silk ___________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by 100 BC.13.It didn’t take much ____________(persuade) to get her to tell us where she had been.14.Her husband wanted to make their honeymoon a ____________(memory) trip for her.15.I’ll sell all the goods _______ a discount in return for a speedy sale.Ⅲ用所给短语的适当形式填空1.How did this affair ____________________?2.The new findings will ____________________ what really happened.3.The government ______________________ reforming the health care system for years.4.With the investigation going on, she stressed to the media that she would not ______________ at the moment.5.New theatres for stand-up comedy _____________ all over the country now.6.Sam created a way to _______ his message ________ while using as few words as possible.7.A dele’s new single _________________ right away after it was released.8.Simon __________ his daughter __________ changing her mind last week.9.We can __________ the treatment _______________________(病人的需要).10.Andrew was so __________________ thought that he didn’t notice our coming in.Ⅳ课文内容填空（每空不超过3个单词）1.__________(base) on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people2._______ purchasing their products or services. A common technique to make an impact is to create a3._________(memorize) slogan. Slogans use simple but4.__________(impress) language to make us remember the product or service5.___________(advertise). Some of these slogans may also appeal6.______ our emotions. For example, a slogan may connect a fine china teapot it aims to promote with our7.________(proud) in having good taste. You will hear a8.________(vary) of slogans any time you watch TV. Think about your favorite one. What makes it special? And what message does it try to get9._________?A slogan 10.__________ communicates an idea effectively can boost sales and even become part of popular culture. That is the power of memorable slogans.2选择性必修二Unit 1 The mass media答案：I单词短语默写1.critical2. release3. extend4. minor5. choke6. automatic7.investigate 8. priority 9. contradict 10. conclusion 11.accurate 12. discrimination 13.c uriosity 14.accuse 15.profession 16.witness 17.platform 18.persuasion 19. purchase 20.sponsor 21.dozens of 22.for instance 23.bring sth to light24.be committed to 25.mount up 26. spring up 27.get across 28.brighten up29.housing estate 30. give an accurate account ofⅡ词汇填空1.automatically2.contradiction3.curiosity4.minority5.were trapped6.accuracy7.construction8.professional9.of 10.witnesses11.is founded 12.had become 13.persuasion 14.memorable 15.atⅢ用所给短语的适当形式填空e about2.bring to light3.has been committed to4.rush to any conclusion5.are springing up6.get, across7.made a hit8.persuaded, into9.tailor, to the patient’s/patients’ needs10.absorbed inⅣ课文内容填空1.Based2.into3. memorable4. impressive5. (being) advertised6.to7. pride8. variety9. across 10. which/that3。

第一章1.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.2. V ocabulary refers to the sum total of all the words in a language. In other words, vocabulary is composed of words and words make up vocabulary. If we compare vocabulary to a family, words are family members.3. Sound is the physical aspect of a word and meaning is what the sound refers to. Sound and meaning are not intrinsically related and their collection is arbitrary and conventional. For example, tree/tri:/ means 树in English because the English-speaking people have agreed to do so just as Chinese people use/shù/(树) to refer to the same thing. This explains why people of different languages use different sounds to express the same concept. However, in the same languages, the same sound can denote different meanings, e.g. /rait/ can mean right, rite, and write.4. There are generally four major causes of the differences between sound and form.⑴There are more phonemes than letters in English, so there is no way to use one letter to represent one phoneme.⑵The stabilization of spelling by printing, which breaks the synchronized change of sound and spelling. ⑶influence of the work of scribes, who deliberately changed the spelling of words and ⑷borrowing, which introduces many words which are against English rules of pronunciation and spelling.5 .Early scribes changed the spelling of many words while copying things for others because the original spelling forms in cursive writing were difficult for people to recognize, such as sum, cum, wuman, munk and so on. Later, the letter u with vertical lines was replaced with o, resulting in the current spelling forms like some, come, woman, monk. The changed spelling forms are more distinguishable to readers.6. Words of the basic word stock form the common core of the English language. They are the words essential to native speakers’ daily communication. Such words are characterized by all national character, stability, polysemy, productivity and collocability.7. a. loose woman b. fellow c. pistol d. great e. cowardf. fightg. policeh. drunki. womanj. girl8. haply = perhaps albeit= althoughmethinks = it seems to me eke= alsosmooth= truth morn= morningtroth= pledge ere= beforequoth = said hallowed= holybillow= wave/ the sea bade= bid9. Neologisms refer to newly-coined words or old words with new meanings. For example, euro(欧元),e-book(电子书),SARS(非典), netizen (网民), are newly-coined words. Words like mouse(鼠标),web(网络),space shuttle(航天飞机) etc. are old words which have acquired new meanings.10. By notion, words fall into content words and functional words. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverds and numerals, which have clear notions; whereas functional words are void of notions but are mainly used to connect content words into sentences. Content words are numerous and changing all the time, while functional words are small in number and stable. But functional words have much higher frequency in use than content words.11. Native words form a small portion of the English vocabulary, but they make up the mainstream of the basic word-stock which belongs to the common core of the English language. Compared with most loan-words, native words are mostly essential to native speakers’ daily communication and enjoy a much higher frequency in actual use.12. Denizens Aliens Translation loans Semantic loanskettle confrere chopsticks dreamdie pro patria black humourskirt parvenu long time no seewall Wunderkind typhoonhusband Mikado第二章1. The Indo-Europe Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of the languages of Europe , the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European Language Family have different degrees of influence on English vocabulary . A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.2.Indo-European Language FamilyBalto-Slavic (Lithuanian,Prussian, Polish, Slavenian, Russian, Bulgarian) Indo-Iranian (Hindi, Perian)Celtic (Breton, Scottish, Irish)Italic(Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Roumanian)Hellenic(Greek)Germanic(English, Swedish, German, Norweigian, Icelangic, Danish, Dutch)3.The vocabularies of the three periods differ greatly from one anther. OldEnglish has (1) a small vocabulary (50 000—60 000), (2) a small number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian only and (3) the words full of endings. Middle English has (1) a comparatively large vocabulary, (2) a tremendous number of foreign words from French and Latin and (3) word endings leveled. Modern English has (1) a huge and heterogeneous vocabulary, (2) tremendous borrowings and (3) words with lost endings.Y es, we can divide the developments in other ways, for example, Old English period can be called Anglo-Saxon period. And Middle English might start from 1066, the time of Norman Conquest. But in doing so, the logical continuation of thee three phases of the original division is lost.4. It is receptivity and adaptability of the English language that make it possible for English to borrow heavily from other major languages of the world, so that the English vocabulary eventually has become heterogeneous.5. The popularity of English lies in the fact that English is ready to borrow from other languages and to adapt itself to new situations and new developments, that it has accepted elements from all other major languages and that it has simple reflection and a relatively fixed word order. All these make the language comparatively easy to learn and to use.6. course human events necessary peopledissolve political connected assume powersseparate equal station nature entitle decentrespect opinions requires declare causes impelseparationFrom the words picked out, we can see that most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What we left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.7. Latin borrowing can be divided into four phase: (1)Pre-Anglo-Saxon period,(2)Old English period, (3) middle English period and(4) Modern English period. Borrowings in the first period are mainly common words such as wall, wine, kettle and so on; words borrowed in the second period are mainly religious terms such as candle, nun, church; the third period saw word borrowed often via French such as frustrate, history, infancy and so on and in the forth period Words borrowed from Latin are usually abstract formal terms like status ,nucleus , minimum. 8. eventful [Latin + English] hydroplane [Greek +Latin ]Falsehood [Latin +English ] pacifist [Latin +Greek ]Saxophone [German +Greek ] heirloom [French +English ]Joss house [Portuguese +English ] television [Greek + Latin ]9. amateur (late) finace (late)Empire (late) peace (early)Courage (early) garage (late)Judgement (early) chair (early)Chaise (late) grace (early)Servant (early) routine (late)Jealous (early) savate (late)Genre (late) gender (early)Debut (late) morale (late)State (early) chez (late)Ballet (late)10. Jes persen’s comment reveals the importance of Scandinavian words in English. Just as people cannot live without bread and eggs, so English language cannot operate properly without Scandinavian words.11. allegro f . 轻快Alto i. 女低音Andante j 行板Crescendo b.渐强Diminuendo g. 渐弱Forte e.强Largo d.缓慢Piano h. 轻Pianoforte a.轻转慢Soprano c.女高音12. cherub（Hebrew）chipmunk(American Indian )Chocolate(Mexican ) coolie(Hindi)Cotton (Arabic) jubilee (Greek)Lasso (Spanish) loot (Hindi)Sabbath (Hebrew) shampoo (Hindi)Snorkel (German) tamale (Mexican)Tepee (American) tulip (Turkish)V oodoo (African) kibitz (German)Wok (Chinese) sauerbraten (German)13. a.alligator b.lococ.rodeod..bonanzae.igloof.blitzkriegg.wigwam h.canoei.hurricane j.boomerangk.poncho14. the characteristics of the contemporary vocabulary can be summarized as follows: (1) the vocabulary is huge in size and heterogeneous; (2) it has tremendous borrowings from all other major languages of the world; (3) the words have lost their endings; (4) it is growing swiftly by means of word-formation because of the development of science and technology, social, economic and political changes and influence of other cultures and languages.15. the major modes of vocabulary development of contemporary arecreation, that is by means of word-formation; semantic change, adding new meanings to old words; borrowing words from other language and revival of old-fashioned words, which has a insignificant role.第三章1.a.morpheme b.allomorphc.bound morphemed.free morphemee.affixf.inflectional affixg.derivational affix h.rooti.stem j.base2. inflectional morphemes are the suffixes added to the end of words to denote grammatical concepts such as –s(-es), -ed, -ing and –est (to show superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs) whereas derivational morphemes are prefixes and suffixes added to words to form new words such as pre-, dis-, un-, -tion, -er, -ness and so on.Grammatical morphemes are those used to show grammatical concepts, including inflectional suffixes as mentioned above and functional words (prepositions, pronouns, articles, auxiliary verbs), for example, but, the, do and Was; lexical morphemes are derivational affixes including both prefixes and suffixes3. Individualisticindividualist + ic [stem , base]individual + ist [stem, base ]individu + al [stem, base ]in + dividu [root, stem, base ]undesirablesun +desirable [stem, base ]desir + able [root, stem, base ]free morpheme =free root4. morpheme{Bound rootbound morpheme { inflectional affixaffix{ prefixderivational affix {suffix第四章Enumerate the three important means of word formation and explain their respective role in the expansion of English vocabulary.The three means of word formation are affixation ,which creates 30% to 40% of the total number of new words ;compounding ,which brings 28%to 30% of all the new words.;and conversion ,which provides English with 26% of the new words.Affixation1.Affixation,also called derivation,is the formation of new words by adding affixes to stems.Affixation Includes prefixation and suffixation according to the types of Affixes used to forms new words.2.Prefixation is to create new words by adding prefixes to base while suffixation makes new words by adding suffixes to base.3.Generally speaking,prefixes do not change part of speech of base but only modify their meaning whereas suffixes do change part of speech but seldom modify the meaning of bases.4.The best way to classify prefixes is on the basis of meaning because prefixes only change the meaning of bases in general.5. non-smoker incapable impractical disobey insecurity irrelevant immature inability/disability unofficially unwillingness illegal disagreement illogical disloyal inconvenientnon-athletic6. harden horrify modernize memorize falsify apologizedeepen glorify sterilizelengthen intensify beautifyfatten sympathizea. apologizeb. beautifyc. lengtheningd. sympathizede. to fattenf. falsify/hardeng. memorizing h. Sterilize7. a. employee b. politician c. participantd. waitresse. conductorf. teacherg. pianist h. examinee/examiner8.trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-worldmono- = one: monorail, monoculturesuper- = over, above: superstructure, supernaturalauto- = self: autobiography, automobilesub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutritionmini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwarpre- = before: prehistorical, preelectionex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmerCompounding1. The three criteria are(1)stress pattern, that is, stress in a compound falls on the first element but on the second in a free phrase, e.g. '- -(compound), - ' -(free phrase);(2)meaning, that is, the meanings of a compound is usually not the combination of the meaning of thecomponent parts, but the free phrase is, e.g. hot line(compound: busy line),hot potato(free phrase: potato which is hot);(3)grammatical unity, that is, the different elements form a grammatical unit, which does not allow internal change, e.g. easy chair(compound: a special arm chair),easier chair(free phrase: a less easy chair).However, every rule has expectations. The same is true of the criteria. Three are examples against each of the three rules.2. heartbeat [S + V] brainwashing [V + O]movie-goer [place + V.-er] baking powder [ adv+n.]far- reaching [Adv+v.-ing] dog-tired [adv + adj]lion-hearted [adv + n.-ed] love-sick [adv + adj]boyfriend [S + complement] peace-loving [V +O]snap decision [V + O] easy chair [ adj+ n]on-coming [adv+v] tax-free [adv +adj]light-blue [adj + adj] goings-on [V +adv]Whereas conversation is the derivation of new words by adding zero affixes, such as single(adj.)→single(v.）.3. There are two ways to form verb compounds. For example, first name (v. from first name)and honeymoon (v. from honeymoon)are words created by means of conversion: words such as proofread (v. from proofreading)and chain-smoke (v. from chain smoker)are formed by means of backformation.4.well-bred 有教养的well-behaved 守规矩的culture-bound 含文化的homebound 回家的needle work 针织品homework 家庭作业praiseworthy 值得表扬的respectworthy 值得尊敬的bar-woman 吧女sportswoman 女运动员nationwide 全国的college-wide 全校的clear-minded 头脑清晰的strong-minded 意志坚强的military-style 军事风格的newstyle 新款self-control 自制self-respect 自尊budget-related 有预算的politics-related 与政治相关的water-proof 防水fire-proof 防火once-fashionable 曾经流行的once-powerful 曾经强大的news-film 新闻片news-letter 时事通讯mock-attack 演习mock-sadness 假悲伤sister-in-law 嫂/弟媳妇father-in-law 岳父/公公home-baked 自家烤的home-produced 自制的half-way 半途的/半路的half-done 半生不熟的ever-lasting 永久的ever-green 常青的age-conscious 年龄敏感的status-conscious 身份敏感的campus-based 以校园为基地的market-based 基于市场的Conversion1.conversion is the formation of new words by turning words of one partof speech to those of another part of speech. The term functional shift reveals the actual function of conversion,i.e.change of the functions of words.the term zero-derivation approaches conversion from the perspective of derivation because it is a way of deriving new words by adding zero affixes,hence zero derivation.2.Although both are called derivation ,suffixation is the derivation of new words by adding suffixes to bases,such as simple (adj.)→simplify（v.)G.modernizing h.sterilize7. a.employees b.politician c.participantsD.waitress e.conductor f.teacherG.pianist h.examinee,examiner8.trans-=across:transcontinental,trans-world9.Mono-=one:monorail,monoculture10.Super-=over,above:superstructure,supernatural11.Auto-=self:autobiography,automobile12.Sub-=below:subculture,subconscious13.Mal-=bad,badly:malpractice,malnutrition14.Mini-=little,small:minicrisis,miniwar15.Pre-=before:prehistorical,preelection16.Ex-=former:ex-teacher,ex-filmer3 The classes most frequently involved in conversation are nouns and verbs.4 V erbs converted to nouns usually are related to the original verbs in six different ways.The new nouns converted from verbs refer to （1）state of mind or sensation,e.g .desire(state of desiring); (2) event or activity ,e.g.swim (the activity of swimming );(3) result of the action,e.g. buy (the result of buying);(4) doer of the action,e.g.bore (the person whom bores); (5) tool or instrument ,e,g, paper (doing something with paper ) and (6) place,e.g. turn(the place of turning).Nouns converted to verbs are generally related to the original nouns in sever different ways . The new verbs usually mean (1) to put in or on the noun,e. g. peel (to remove the peel from );(4) to do with the noun,e.g. Shoulder (to do something with shoulder); (5) to be or act as the noun,e. g. tutor (to be the tutor) ;(6) to make or change into the noun, e.g. cash (7) to send or go by the noun ,e. g. ship (to send by ship).5.When adjectives are converted into nouns ,some are completely changed ,thus known as full conversation, and others are partially changed ,thus known as partial conversion.Adjectives which are fully converted can achieve a full noun status, i. e. having all the characteristics of nouns .That means they can take a / an shorts ,finals.Adjectives which are partially converted still keep adjective features.They should always be used with the ,and they cannot take -s/-esto show plural forms.Moreover ,the words can have comparative or superlative degrees: the poor ,the poorer ,the young, the very unfortunate.6.The changes occasionally involved are (1) change of spelling accompanied by pronunciation ,e. G. Life/laIf/→live/liv/ , breath /breɚ/→breathe /br i:ỏ/ and blood /blʌd/→ bleed / bli:d/ ;(2) change of pronunciation and stress ,e. g. use . n /ju :s / → use v. / ju:z / and permit n. /'p :mit/→ v. /p 'mit / and so on.7.a .stomach 【n.→v.】 b. Room 【n.→ v.】c. wolf [n → v]d. come/go [v → n]e. familiar [a → n]f. innocent [a → n]g. flat [a → n]h. ah/ ouch [int → v]i. warm [a → n]j. has-been/might-have-been [finite v → n]k. Hamlet [proper n → v]l. buy [v → n]m. smooth [a → v]Blendingmotel (mo tor + ho tel)汽车旅馆humint (hum an + int elligence) 情报advertisetics (advertise ment + statis tics) 广告统计学psywarrior (psy chological warrior) 心理战专家hoverport (hover craft + port) 气垫船码头chunnel (ch annel + t unnel) 海峡隧道hi-fi (hi gh + fi delity) 高保真音响cinemactress (cinem a + actress) 女电影演员Clippingcopter (heli copter) front clippingdorm (dorm itory) back clippinglab (lab oratory) back clippingprefab (pref abricated house) phrase clippinggas (gas oline) back clippingprof (prof essor) back clippingscope (tele scope) front clippingchamp (champ ion) back clippingsarge (serge ant) back clippingmike (mic rophone) back clippingad (ad vertisement) back clippingtec (de tec tive) front and back clippingAcronymy1.Y es, there is a difference between them. The difference lies in theformation and pronunciation. Initialisms are formations pronounced letter by letter, e.g. UFO(unidentified flying object), BBC(B ritish B roadcasting C orporation), VIP(very important person) and acronyms are formed to conform to the rule of spelling and pronunciation, that is, the words look and sound like ordinary words, e.g. AIDS/eidz/(acquired immune deficiency syndrome), MAD(mutually assured destruction), radar(radio detecting and ranging).2. kg =k ilogram ft=f oot cf =c onfercm=c entimeter $=d ollar ibid = i bidemetc. = e t cetera VIP=v ery i mportant p ersonOPEC=O rganization of P etroleum E xporting C ountriesTOEFL=t est of E nglish as a f oreign l anguage3. a. SAL T b. radar c. AIDSd. BASICe. Laserf. WHOg. sonar h. G-manBackformation1.It is true that both are means of making new words by removing theend part of the words . But they have differences . For aback-formed word , what is removed is the supposed suffix ,e.g.auth------author , donate------donation , loaf-----loafer , the forms–-or,--ion , --er coincide with the their suffixes . For back clipping , however , what is removed is usually different from the existingsuffixes ,e.g. ad------advertisement , gas-------gasoline ,exam------examination , etc.se (laser)escalate(escalator)Babysit (babysitter) peeve (peevish) Orate (orator) commute(commuter)Communization of proper namesa.Tantalize -------Tantalus : to tease or torment by keeping sth. wantedout of reachb.Argus-eyed--------Argus : to be extremely watchfulc.narcissim--------Narcissus : excessive admiration of oneself or one’sappearanced.sabotage-------Sabots : (1) to destroy or damage deliberately(2) deliberate damage ordestructione. martinet--------Martinet : strict /stern (military) trainerf . yahoo-------Y ahoo : a lout or ruffiang. Shylock--------Shylock : a ruthless money lenderh. hovering-------Hoover : cleaning by using a vacuum cleaner。

七年级下学期词汇训练Unit1 词汇运用1. 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。

1. There is a table in the ___________(中央) of the room.2. Mary usually goes to see her friends on the _____________(周末).3 .Do you know those _____________(音乐家), Mary?4. I’ll go to the library _____________(今天).5. Alan isn’t at school. He’s at _____________(家).6. This boy plays _____________(国际象棋) very well.7. My sister will sing and dance in the school _____________(演出).8. Miss Wang _____________(教) us English.9. Let’s go to the library _____________(在今天).10. I have two music lessons every _____________(周末).11. About 200 ________(people) will come to the party next week.12. He wants ________(make) friends with the two boys.14. These ________(鼓) are Lucy and her brother’s.15. You can w________ your name on the card, Mike.Unit 2A) 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。

1. Tony has very good ____________ (牙齿).2. Who gets up early in your ____________ (组)?3. My brother ____________ (跑) every morning.4. About a(n) ____________ (四分之一) of my classmates like P.E.5. Linda’s uncle ____________ (工作) in our school.6. Who is your b ____ friend at school?7. Cindy, take a s ____ before you go to bed.8. H ____ an hour is thirty minutes.9. Please c ____ the classroom now, Jack.10. Dave can finish his homework very q ____ .11. There are ____________ (四十) desks in the classroom.12. I’ll meet a(n) ____________ (群) of my friends this Friday.13. I’ll meet you at a(n) ____________ (一刻钟) past five.14. We must go to the library ____________ (很快地).15. This woman likes ____________ (步行).16. David often ____________ (run) to school.17. We all think this is a(n) ____________ (fun) book.18. Helen has two bad ____________ (tooth).19. My grandpa ____________ (exercise) for half an hour every morning.20. Many people lost their ____________ (life) in the accident (事故). Unit 3A) 根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。

新概念英语词汇练习(Lessons 1－30)1. A small closet contained his clothes and the books he had ________.A) stacked B) piled C) accumulated D) deposited2.According to a recent study, there is no scientific ________ to suggest thatunderwater births are dangerous.A) reference B) evidence C) instance D) substance3.At the party we found that shy girl _________ her mother all the time.A) clinging to B) coinciding with C) adhering to D) depending on4.Cancellation of the flight ________ many passengers to spend the night at theairport.A) resulted B) obliged C) demanded D) recommended5.However, at times this balance in nature is _______, resulting in a number ofpossibly unforeseen effects.A) troubled B) disturbed C) confused D) puzzled6.It took me a day or two to ________ her that I wasn’t going to harm her.A) persuade B) insure C) assume D) convince7.Our _______ for a cheaper but larger house is at last at an end.A) chase B) dash C) scout D) hunt8.The dogs are specially trained to follow the ________ left by the fox.A) trail B) spot C) scent D) route9.Though ______ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record,the plain facts of small-town life.A) raised B) grown C) developed D) cultivated10.After a week in the jungle (丛林) without television or even running water, thecampers looked forward to ________ again.A) entertainment B) prosperity C) civilization D) partners11.It’s hard to believe that in this ________ country, hunger could be a seriousproblem.A) vigorous B) generous C) prosperous D) enormous12.Many Europeans _________ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.A) exploded B) explored C) exposed D) expanded13.She finally apologized, but she was not very ________ about it.A) accustomed B) graceful C) convenient D) grateful14.Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all ________ buildings.A) sacred B) overt C) skeptical D) opaque15.The ____ of the town is not good; some of the pipes are broken.A) ditch B) channel C) drainage D) pump16.The police are trying to find out the _____ of the woman killed in the trafficaccident.A) evidence B) recognition C) status D) identitycation should not be considered to be a ________ in a modern society.A) treasure B) priority C) potential D) privilege18.If she married a foreigner, will her ________ as a British citizen be affected?A) status B) bearing C) file D) position19.They were prepared to ________ their immediate needs to the long-term goal ofequal opportunity.A) isolate B) overcome C) sacrifice D) reject20.The latest post office machines can sort letters at 30,000 items an hour, which ismuch faster than _______ sorting.A) labor B) manual C) individual D) personal21.Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes nothing. He goes from one ________to the other. A) extreme B) direction C) ending D) opposite 22.The speaker seems to have no ________ ideas; his speech was full of platitudes(陈词滥调).A) optional B) artistic C) aggressive D) original23. We had a(n) ________ time on our vacation in the Rocky Mountains.A) romantic B) heroic C) fantastic D) systematic24. Two robbers staged a dawn ________ on a restaurant in Western Street, tied up asecurity guard and escaped with about 30 bottles of brandy and wine.A) harm B) invasion C) encounter D) raid25.The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancerhave been ________.A) identified B) guaranteed C) notified D) conveyed26.There's a special ________ where you can look at the horses before the race starts.A) gauge B) neighborhood C) enclosure D) extension27.The circus has always been very, popular because it ________both the old and theyoung.A) facilitates B) fascinates C) immerses D) indulges28.All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read _____ letters fromtheir families.A) sentimental B) affectionate C) intimate D) sensitive29.She’s an actress whose i nner life has remained ____, despite the many interviewsshe has given.A) impressive B) controversial C) myste r ious D) universal30.The majority of the population now wants ________ for their country.A)monopoly B) origin C) uniquenessD) independence31.Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong ____on theeveryday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A) motivation B) impact C) impression D) perspective32.They noticed fifty and twenty dollar bills ________ in the water.A) fluctuating B) flowing C) fleeing D) floating33.It is reported that thirty people were killed in a ________ on the railwayyesterday.A) collision B) collaboration C) corrosion D) confrontation34.I have in the first place to apologize for the ________ damage to your MS.A) slight B) slim C) slack D) stale35.He remembered her as a small child, bright red and ________ with rage if she wasrefused something. A) swinging B) shaking C) trembling D)contracting36.The crowd cried out in ____ as the car burst into flame.A) panic B) fever C) surprise D) hor ror37.The cars were _________ because it was impossible to go any further in the fog.A）sacrificed B）abandoned C）removed D）transported38.In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe_______Europe into a great war.A) inserted B) imposed C) pitched D) plunged39.I have a ________ conscience about forgetting to post your letter.A) guilty B) hostile C) impatient D)helpless40.Having been cheated once again, she ______ that she didn't want to see him again.A) declared B) communicated C) deduced D) assumed41.Nobody should be ___ from doing some of the unpleasant jobs in the running ofthe camp.A) immune B) secure C) absent D) exempt42.Many new ______ will be opened up in the future for those with a universityeducation.A) opportunities B) necessities C) realities D) probabilities44. The English language is the result of the fusion of many different ________.A) particulars B) essentials C) elements D) circumstances45. This is the __________ piano on which the composer created some of his greatestworks.A) true B) original C) real D) genuine46.The true wealth does not ________ in what we have, but in what we are.A) consist B) insist C) resist D) persist47.Showing some sense of humor can be a(n) _______ way to deal with somestressful situation . A) effective B) efficient C) favorable D) favorite 48. In a time of social reform, people's state of mind tends to keep ____with the rapidchanges of society.A) step B) progress C) pace D) touch49. After the sudden burst of the catastrophe, everyone _____ from this place.A) departed B) fled C) dashed D) deserted50. Close the door carefully; don’t ________ it.A) bang B) slam C) bump D) dash51.After the sudden burst of the catastrophe, everyone _____ from this place. A)departed B) fled C) dashed D) deserted52.There is growing evidence that environmental _______ makes good businesssense.A) protection B) inspection C) recognition D) construction53.Many of the documents have been _________ for purposes of confidentiality.A) destroyed B) ruined C) harmed D) damaged50. This isn’t very interesting --- in fact it’s ________ dull.A) potentially B) remarkably C) identically D) inevitably54.It was quite ________ that no one was hurt in the accident.A) grateful B) remarkable C) impressive D) brilliant55.I appreciated ____ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.A) having been given B) having given C) to have been given D) to have given56.She should ________ to what she is good at, and not try and do something sheknows nothing about.A) stick B) take C) appeal D) refer53. The ball _______ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayed B) bounced C) hopped D) darted57.The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ________ of cheating customers.A) accused B) charged C) scolded D) cursed58.American women were ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years ofhard struggle. A) ignore B) neglected C) refused D) denied59.He was ______ of having asked such a silly question.A) sorry B) guilty C) ashamed D) miserable60.Trains may subject to delay on the northern line---we ________ for anyinconvenience caused.A) apologize B) depress C) regret D) embarrass61.On Feb. 6 Cha announced the immediate ________ of diplomatic relations withLibya.A. suspensionB. defaultC. defianceD. preclude62.He had a variety of interests which made him a(n) _____ companion.A) agreeable B) imaginative C) intelligible D) prospective63.The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to _______ himself.A. spotB. locateC. placeD. situate64.According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have thelongest life_____: 77.2 years.A) rank B) span C) scale D) scope65.The ferry service has been ________ because of the bad weather.A) suspended B)interrupted C) provoked D) concluded66.Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an _______ of the cost ofrepairing the roof.A. assessmentB. estimateC. announcementD. evaluation67.Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full_______.A) capacity B) strength C) length D) possibility68.The lady dressed in the latest Paris fashion is ___________ in her appearance butrude in her speech.A) elaborate B) excessive C) elegant D) exaggerated。

2019版高一英语必修一Unit 1词汇过关检测Unit 1【基础巩固练习】一．读准单词，并说出汉语意思1. teenage / ˈti:neɪdʒ/ __________2. teenager / ˈti:neɪdʒə(r)/ __________3. ballet /ˈbæleɪ/ n. __________4. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ __________5. debate /dɪ 'beɪt/ __________6. prefer / prɪˈfɜ:(r)/ __________ prefer…to …__________7. content / 'kɒntent / __________8. movement / ˈmu:vmənt / __________9. greenhouse / ˈgri:nhaʊs/ __________10. clean up__________11. suitable /ˈsu:təbl/ __________ suitable for __________12. actually / ˈæk tʃuəli/ __________13. challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ __________14.title /ˈtaɪtl/ __________15.topic /ˈtɒpɪk/ __________16. freshman / ˈfreʃmən / __________17. confuse /kən'fju:z/ __________18.confusing /kənˈfju:zɪŋ/__________19.confused /kənˈfju:zd/ __________20. fluent/'flu:ənt/ __________21. graduate /'ɡrædʒʊeɪt/ __________ /'ɡrædʒʊət/ __________22. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ __________23. sign up ( for sth) __________24. advanced / ədˈvɑ:nst/ __________25. advance / ədˈvɑ:ns / __________26. literature / ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ __________27. extra-curricular / 'ekstrə kə'rɪkjələ(r)/ __________28. extra /'ekstrə/ __________29. obviously / ˈɒbviəsli/ __________30. quit / kwɪt/ vi. & vt. __________31. improve /ɪm'pru:v/ __________32. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/__________ be responsible for __________33.responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/__________34. solution / səˈlu:ʃn/ __________35. schedule /ˈʃedju:l ；NAmEˈskedʒul /__________36. editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/ __________37. plate /pleɪt/ __________38. adventure /ədˈventʃə(r)/ __________39. expert /'ekspɜːt/ __________40. youth /ju:θ/ __________41. behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ __________42. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ __________43. attract /ə'trækt/ vt. __________ be attracted to __________44. focus / ˈfəʊkəs / __________45. addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ __________ addicted to __________46.addict /ˈædɪkt/ __________47. adult /ˈædʌlt/ __________二．根据汉语写出英语单词或短语1. __________ adj. 十几岁的（指13至19岁）; 青少年的2. __________ n. （13至19岁之间的）青少年3. __________ n. 芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞剧4. __________ n. 志愿者5. __________n．辩论；争论vt．& vi辩论；争论6. __________ vt. 更喜欢__________ 喜欢……多于……7. __________ n. 内容; [pl] 目录; （书、讲话、节目等的）主题8. __________ n. 动作；运动; 活动9. __________ n. 温室；暖房10. __________打扫（或清除）干净11. __________ adj. 适合的；适用的__________ 对……适合的12. __________ adv. 事实上; 的确13. __________ n. 挑战；艰巨任务vt. 怀疑；向……挑战14. __________ n. （书、诗歌等的）名称；标题；职称；头衔15. __________n. 话题; 标题16. __________ n. （especially NAmE）（中学）九年级学生；（大学）一年级新生17. __________vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑18. __________ adj.难以理解的；不清楚的19. __________ adj. 人感到糊涂的；迷惑的20. __________ adj. （尤指外语）流利的；熟练的21. __________ vi. & vt．毕业；获得学位n. 毕业生22. __________vt. 建议；推荐；介绍23. __________ 报名（参加课程）24. __________ adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的25. __________n. 前进；发展vi. 前进；发展vt. 发展；促进26. __________ n. 文学; 文学作品27. __________ adj. 课外的; 课程以外的28. __________ adj. 额外的；附加的29. __________ adv. 显然地；明显地30. __________vi. & vt. 停止；戒掉；离开（工作职位、学校等）31. __________ vi. & vt. 改进；改善32. __________adj. 负责的；有责任的__________对……负责任33. __________ n.责任；义务34. __________ n. 解决办法; 答案35. __________n.工作计划；日程安排vt. 安排；预定36. __________ n. 主编；编辑；编者37. __________ 盘子，碟子38. __________ n. 冒险; 奇遇39. __________n. 专家；行家adj. 熟练的；内行的；专家的40. __________ n. 青年时期; 青春41. __________ n. 行为; 举止42. __________ n. 一代（人）43. __________ vt. 吸引；引起……的注意（或兴趣）__________喜爱44. __________ vi. & vt. 集中（精力、注意力等）；（使）调节焦距n. 中心；重点；焦点45. __________ adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的__________对……很入迷46. __________ n. 对…入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人47. __________ n. 成年人adj. 成年的；成熟的三．单词拼写1. __________（实际上）, I like acting better.2.Senior high school is a __________（挑战）.3.You can find main ideas by first taking a quick Look at the __________（题目）,picture(s), key words and phrases, and __________（主题）sentences.4.My name is Adam and Fm a freshman__________（）at senior high school5.The first week was a little__________（混乱的）.6.I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be __________（流利）when I __________（毕业）.7. __________（显然）, I was unhappy,but I won’t __________（放弃）.8.l’ll find a way to __________（改善）on my own so that I can make the team next year.9.I need to make a workable __________（进度表）.10.Some of the students want to become writers or__________（编辑） after they graduate.11.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper __________（盘子）.12.There'll be some __________（专家）there to show us how to live in the wild.13.I __________（建议）that you talk to your friend about his __________（行为举止）.14.It is not unusual for teenagers of your __________（一代）to be __________（吸引）to computer games and the online world.15.I guess it's because they're __________（成年人）and can’t understand me.四．完成句子1.Which club do you think __________ __________ __________ （适合）Adam?2.My adviser recommended that I should __________ __________ __________ （报名）advanced literature.3.I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to____________________ __________ （负责）a lot more.4.But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to __________ __________ （集中精力于）other things in life.5.Some students even__________ __________ __________ （上瘾）the Interne t and cannot __________ __________ （集中精力于）school and family life.答案：三．1. Actually 2. challenge 3. title 4. topic 5. confusing 6. fluent；graduate 7. Obviously；quit 8. improve 9. schedule 10. editor 11. plate 12. experts 13. recommend；behaviour 14. generation；attracted 15. adult四．1. is suitable for 2. sign up for 3. being responsible for 4. focus on/ concentrate on5. become addicted to；focus on/ concentrate on【能力提升测试】一．单词拼写（每小题2分，共50分）1. Over half __________（青少年）in our class said they read more than ten books a year.2.Schools need __________（志愿者）to help children to read.3.The girl could __________（自愿）in an after- school study program to teach kids.4.The students had a heated __________（辩论）on the subject．5.The two sides __________（辩论）whether to raise the price of school meals．6.Now young people __________（更喜欢）to celebrate western festivals.7.The article is good in __________（内容）.8.She watched the dancer and tried to copy her __________（动作）.9.I hope that we'll find a __________（合适的）house very soon.10. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big __________（挑战）.11.Online gaming allows players from around the world to __________（挑战）each other.12.The __________（头衔）will be officially given to me at a ceremony in London.13.The China-US trade war has now become a hot __________（话题）.14.She passed the TOEFL exam in her __________（大一）year.15.It is important to explain this again or we will __________（使弄混）the students.16.Our company will offer more jobs to university __________（毕业生）this year.17.She __________（毕业）from Harvard in history last year .18.It is strongly r__________ that the machines should be checked every year.19.This park in France uses the most a__________ technology.20.British Airlines is putting on an __________（额外的）flight to London tomorrow.21.Eventually she q__________ teaching and worked as a full-time wife.22.We hope that we are going to i__________ our lives in the new year.23.We are trying to find s__________ to global warming.24.Now she is planning our s__________ （计划表）for the trip.25.We should do our best to develop the __________（成年）education.二．用所给单词的适当形式填空（每小题2分，共30分）1.Now employers will give a __________（prefer）to the students who havegraduated from universities in Project 985 and 211.2.Scientists are trying to explain the __________（move）of the planets and the changes in environmental conditions.3.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_______(challenge).4.A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.5.People are __________（confuse）about what they should eat to stay healthy.6.Visitors were amazed that the students could speak English so __________（ fluent）.7.After __________（graduate）from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.8.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.9.Diet and exercise are __________（obvious）important.10.We expect to see further __________（improve）in your work.11.I think we have a __________（responsible）to help these poor children.12.There's no simple __________（solve）to this problem.13.The __________（adventure）is telling his own story to the children.14.Custom has a great influence on his __________（behave）.15.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract).三．用方框内的短语完成下列句子（每小题2分，共20分）1.Nowadays most kids__________ watching TV __________ reading.2.The students took turns to __________ their classroom.3.This programme__________ children.4.Can I __________ for this course in advance?5.It's cheaper if you book the tickets __________.6.The school __________ your child's safety.7.He__________ computer games.8.Most of us __________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.9.It is natural for people to__________ beautiful things.10.These stories have been passed down__________.答案：一．1. teenagers 2.volunteers 3. volunteer 4. debate 5. debated 6. prefer 7. content8. movements 9. suitable 10. challenge 11. challenge 12. title 13. topic 14. freshman15. confuse 16. graduates 17. graduated 18. recommended 19. advanced 20. extra21. quit 22. improve 23. solutions 24. schedule 25. adult二．1. preference 2. movement 3. challenged 4. actually 5. confused 6. fluently 7. graduating 8. recommended 9. obviously 10. improvement 11. responsibility 12. solution 13. adventurer14. behaviour 15. attraction三．1. prefer；to 2. clean up 3. is suitable for 4. sign up 5. in advance 6. is responsible for 7.is addicted to 8. are more focused on。

高考英语词汇一词多义练习题40题【含答案解析】1.The doctor is very busy now. He has a lot of patients to attend_____.A.toB.forC.withD.on答案解析：A。

“attend to”表示“照料、照顾”；“attend for”无此固定搭配；“attend with”表示“带有、伴有”；“attend on”表示“侍候、照顾”，但通常用于比较正式的场合，此处语境是医生照顾病人，“attend to”更符合。

2.She held_____her tears and tried to be strong.A.backB.inC.upD.down答案解析：A。

“hold back”表示“忍住、抑制”；“hold in”表示“约束、抑制（感情等）”，通常与“oneself”搭配；“hold up”表示“举起、支撑”；“hold down”表示“压制、抑制”，此处说忍住眼泪，“hold back”更合适。

3.The old man took_____painting after he retired.A.upB.inC.onD.over答案解析：A。

“take up”表示“开始从事”；“take in”表示“吸收、理解”；“take on”表示“承担、呈现”；“take over”表示“接管”，此处是老人退休后开始画画，“take up”符合。

4.Can you make_____what he is saying?A.outB.upC.ofD.from答案解析：A。

“make out”表示“理解、辨认出”；“make up”表示“组成、编造”；“make of”表示“由……制成”；“make from”也表示“由……制成”，但通常用于看不出原材料的情况，此处是问能否理解他说的话，“make out”正确。

5.The company is trying to break_____new markets.A.intoB.inC.onD.with答案解析：A。

四年级英语上册专项训练一:词汇一、根据图片,选出相应的反义词或对应词。

二、将下列单词归类。

trousers twelve cinema sweater Monday twenty plane (飞机) library Sunday socks thirty playground taxi bus supermarket shorts bike eleven cap fifteen car Saturday Tuesday shop Friday Thursday1. Number: ___________________________________________________2. Clothes: ________________________________________________________3. Place (地点):____________________________________________________4. Day: ____________________________________________________________5. Transportation (交通工具):___________________________________________三、我会连。

(哪一个更好)1. go to the park A. after dinner2. make the bed B. see a doctor3. brush the teeth C. with my father4. hurt my hand D. play with my dog5. talk on the phone E. in my bedroom四、判断下列图片与短语是(T)否(F)相符。

( )1.turn right( )2.draw a picture( )3.write a story( )4.put on my clothes ( )5.traffic lights( )6.go straight( )7.go shopping( )8. a nice skirt五、选词填空。

Check Your UnderstandingState whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.a. Fb. Fc. Fd. Fe. TIn-Class Activities1. The word “wor d”is diverse in terms of its meaning. Consider its usages in the following contexts:a. May I say a word about that?b. Actions speak louder than words.c. She has kept her word.d. Finally the general gave the word to retreat.e. Let me know if you get word of my wife.f. Word has it they’re divorcing.ASK:(1) What does “word” mean in each of the contexts?a. Something he would talk aboutb. things that are said, contrasted with things that are donec. the promise one has maded. spoken command or signale. informationf. piece of news; message(2) Do you know of any other usages the word “word” has?2.ASK:(1) Can you summarize the five criteria introduced by David Crystal here?Potential pause :The pause , which happens when you say a sentence, will tend to fallbetween words, and not within words.Indivisibility: The extra items will be added between the words and not within them.Minimal free forms: the smallest units of speech that can meaningfully stand on their own. Phonetic boundaries: It is sometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends.Semantic units: each word in a sentence has a clear meaning.(2) Do you think these criteria are questionable in any way? Can they be applied to theidentification of zi, the rough Chinese equivalent of the English “word”?No, as the above analysis explained. No , they cannot. For example, 流连and 蹒跚，they are danchuci(单纯词) which cannot be analyzed independently.3.(1) Suppose we want to know what are the ten most frequently used English words. What are they, as far as you can tell? How about Chinese?The, of ,to, and, a, in, is, it, you, that的、一、是、在、了、不、和、有、大、着(2) Are there any similarities and differences between the ten most frequently used words inEnglish and those in Chinese?They are basically functional words. Both have possessive word,(of, 的) number words(a,一), copula words(is, 是), conjunctions(and, 和) and localizers(in, 在).; English has the definite article the and several pronouns, you , that and it which are absent in Chinese.4. According to Ferdinand de Saussure, there is no intrinsic relation between the form of a word and what it stands for. In other words, words are arbitrary (i.e. not motivated) in terms of meaning designation. However, there seem to be abundant cases in natural languages that defy this generalization. For example, onomatopoeic words seem to exist in all the languages known to us. To a lesser degree, the meaning of some words can be partly deduced from their components. For example, “sl-“ is highly suggestive of the meaning of the words that contain it, such as “slide”, “slip”, and “slush”.ASK:(1)Babble, bang, grunt, splash; 噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱No, these words are only a small part of English or Chinese vocabulary(2)Football and handball concern the body part which take the ball from one place to another, and basketball is named after a basket into which the ball is put in the begging stage of the game. (3)People have bodily embedded knowledge to infer these motivations of such usage. The first example concerns the metaphor and second metonymy(4) Do you know other types of words or usages that are motivated in one way or another?Some figurative usages are also highly motivated. For example: Necessity is the mother of invention.5. British English (BE for short) and American English (AE for short) are two major varieties of the English language.Though they have fundamental similarities in terms of grammar and vocabulary, they also differ substantially in many ways. On the vocabulary level, several distinct distinctions are found. First, there are differences in the pronunciation of some words, mostly in the vowel sounds, as illustrated in the following table:Some consonants are also pronounced differently. Particularly, in BE，the letter r before a consonant is not pronounced, but that at the end of a word is pronounced if the next word begins with a vowel, e.g., cart /k: t/, door /d :/, but a member of /☜ memb☜☜f /; in AE, the letter r is pronounced in all positions.Secondly, BE and AE differ in the spelling of some words. Usually, the AE variants are simpler than their British counterparts, as manifested below.A further noticeable difference relates to the lexical meaning of some words. For instance, “bill” means “bank note” in AE but “a demand for payment of a debt” in BE.ASK:(1) Can you supply more words that are pronounced differently in British English and AmericanEnglishhalf, advance, advantage, after, answer, ask, glance, glass, grasp(2) Do you know of any grammatical differences between British English and American English? In American English we say “graduate from school”; while in British English, we say “leave school”. In American English, it has “put up price”, while in British English, it is “raise price”(3) Are there special words for which AE and BE have very distinctive spellings?For Chinese characters“博览会”, British English has “fair” while American English usees trade show. “ Life and elevator” , and “autumn and fall” are more examples.(4) Can you find more examples of the same words with different meanings in AE and BE?one billion/ first floor/ pantsone billion(Brit) the number 1000000000000 万亿之数(US) the number 1000000000十亿之数first floorIn British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above thatis the first floor.In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floorPants(Brit) men's underpants; women's or children's knickers(US) trousers6. The following excerpt comes from Barack Obama’s speech on Father’s Day, June 15, 2008. Read it carefully, and pay special attention to his choice of words.ASK:(1) How does Obama distinguish “empathy” from “sympathy”?Empathy means Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings.The ability to stand in somebody else’s shoesSympathy is defined as feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb.)(2) Why does Obama bother to define “hope”– a familiar word to all?Hope, according to Obama, is something b etter is waiting for us if we’re willing to work for it and fight for it. If we are willing to believe. He differentiates hope from what is blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face(3) What other lexical choices impress you deeply as well?“As fathers and parents”, why not as fathers and mothers,Open to discussionPost-Class Tasks1. What characteristics do functional words have？Read the following excerpt from George W.2. How do you understand receptive and productive lexical knowledge? Use your own examples to illustrate their differences. Which type of vocabulary is probably the largest for a language user, reading vocabulary, writing vocabulary, listening vocabulary, or speaking vocabulary? Give one reason that convinces you most.For example, we learn that “word”can be used to refer to “rumor”, and we know it means “rumor” in the sentence “The word is that he's left the country.(据说他已经离开这个国家了).”But actually, we will not write the sentence, esp., say the sentence in daily conversations. By this example, we show that receptive lexical knowledge concerns what you learned and productive lexical knowledge concerns what you would put into practice. Reading vocabulary may be the largest type of vocabulary, because you may recognize the meaning of a word without using it in daily exchanges or in academic writing.3. Is lexical competence the same thing as productive lexical knowledge? How do you understand the two concepts on the basis of the discussion in Pre-Class Reading?No, lexical competence covers a larger scope that that of productive lexical knowledge.4. Can we say lexicology is the scientific study of the words in a language? How important is the notion of word equivalent? Read the following excerpt from Barrack Obama’s Victory Speech in 2008 and underline the word equivalents. What types of word equivalents are contained in this passage?Language is composed of not just individual words, but also word equivalents, such as word groups (or compound words), chunks such as idioms, formulaic sequences, and so. The latter is attracting more and more scholarly attention these days. Thus, lexicology is more precisely defined as the scientific study of the words and word equivalents in a language.5. Identical systems of stress and rhythm are used by BE and AE. There are, however, a few wordsthat have their stress on a different syllable. Write out the specific pronunciations of the following words:OmittedUnit 2Check Your UnderstandingState whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.a. Fb. Fc. Fd. Fe. FIn-Class Activities1.(1) How are the three allomorphs conditioned by their adjoining sounds?S is pronounced as [s] [z and [iz]] when it is respectively attached to a voiceless consonant, a voiced consonant or a vowel, and any words ending with s, z or pronouncing as [s] or [z].(2) Does the plurality morpheme have other allomorphs apart from those mentioned above? Yes, for example,the plural form of sheep remains unchanged, and man has its plural form realized as “men”.(3) What about the allomorphs of the morpheme for the past tense in English?The usual allomorphs of the morpheme of the past tense may be realized as [t], [d] and [id]2. In English, there are quite a few prefixes that connote negation. They include a-, un-, in- (ir-, il-), dis-, mis-, non-, de-, and the like.symmetry→asymmetrytypical→atypicalforgettable →unforgettabletie→untiearticulate →inarticulate,discreet →indiscreetmature →immature,partial →impartiallegal →illegallegible →illegiblerelevant →irrelevantreverent →irreverentlike→dislikeable→disableuse →misuselead →misleadsense →nonsensecommercial→noncommercialform→deformconstruction→deconstruction(2) How would you distinguish between un- and non- in terms of their meaning and use? Can weprefix un- to adjectives like “tall”, “ill”, and “black”? Why or why not?Un- is usually prefixed before transitive verbs, such as tie →untie, nouns, such as and adjectives, such as employment→unemployment. Non- is often put before adjectives, such as essential→non-essential, and nouns, such as existence→non-existence. Both of the usage are possible because the word followed the above two prefixes has no ready-made acronyms in English lexical system.3.ASK:(1) Could we cut “unwomanly” into “unwoman” and “-ly”?No. unwoman is not a word in English. Un- is usually put before an abstract uncountable noun. (2) Can you analyze the morphological structure of the word “inaccessibility”?inaccessibilityinaccessible -ityin- accessibleaccess -ible(3) According to some feminists, words like “history” and “human” encode sex inequality. Do youagree?These words may connate sex inequality at first sight. But, In fact, we go too far if we hold this notion in mind. Both words have been part of our culture.4.ASK:(1) What are the words in the pictures that stem from conversion?Stop, bin, wear, suit(2) Are they instances of partial conversion or complete conversion?complete conversions5.ASK:(1) What words undergo shortening here? What is the full form of PM (or sometimes p.m.)?Tue Tuesday, Sun Sunday, post meridiem.(2) Do you know how the month names are shortened in English?1月January Jan 2月February Feb 3月March Mar. 4月April Apr. 5月May May 6月June Jun. 7月July Jul. 8月August Aug. 9月September Sept. 10月October Oct. 11月November Nov. 12月December Dec.6.ASK:(1) Can you provide more examples instantiating analogy?Marathon--telethon/talkathon, hamburger--shrimpburger-(2) Is this process of word formation also found in Chinese? Support your answer with evidence.无微不至－无胃不治；其乐无穷－棋乐无穷7.(1) What semantic relation holds the two lexemes together in each case?a. flu virus: A caused Bb. safety line :B ensures Ac. night bird: A is the usual time when B is actived. spoon-feeding: A is one of the ways to realize B.e. potato pancake: A is the ingredient of Bf. man-made: B is realize by Ag toilet seat: B is part A.(2) Does “safety line” mean the same as “safe line”? Can you come up with similar compounds? NO, the former means that line can keep one safe, whereas the latter means the line is safe.(You can touch it)Security guard and secure guardPost-Class Tasks1. Supply the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.a.D;b.B;c. D;d. C;e. A;f. D2. Learners need to be able to recognize word parts in words. Read the example and break up the following words into meaningful parts. (e.g. unhappiness -- un/happi/ness)a. intangibilityb. unevenlyin/tangible/ity un/even/lyc. friendlinessd. notwithstandingfriend/ly/ness not/with/stand/inge. overseasf. minimalistover/sea/s minim/al/istg. immigration h. Psychologistimmi/grate/ion psych/ology/isti. occurrences j. assumptionoc/cur/rence as/sumpt/ion3. Study the following Security Tips collected from an American Holliday Inn and exemplify the various processes of word formation with words from the passage.Safe: conversionCheck-out: CompositionDead: conversionValuable: conversion4. What kinds of adjectives undergo partial conversion? What kinds of verbs often undergo complete conversion?Adjectives like “poor”, “rich”, “fat”, “sick”, “wounded”, “deaf”, “mute”, “Chinese”, “Danish”, “best”, “most”, “least”, “latest”, “accused”, “condemned”, (for) “good”, “thick”(and) “thin”, etc. undergo partial conversion; stop, pause, halt, look, rest, check, try, taste, smell, etc, often undergo complete conversion.5. Some affixes have not only lexical meanings but affective meanings as well. Some personal nouns formed by the suffix –ling, for example, have derogatory meanings,as in hireling, weakling; some personal nouns taking the suffix –ish are also derogatory, as in mannish, womanish and bookish. Can you provide more examples suffixed with –ling and –ish that are negative in attitude?Prince/princelingUnder/underlingWorld/worldingChild/childishSelf/selfishFool/foolish6. Read the following piece of news. What are the acronyms or initialisms used in this passage? What are their full forms?Obama brings hope for warmer relations to TurkeyANKARA, Turkey – U.S. President Barack Obama is reaching out to Turkey to helpInitialisms: EU, ABC, U.S.。

新视野大学英语Unit1-3-6-词汇练习及答案Unit11. In the wife’s eyes, his _____ to their marriage life is far from perfect.A) requirement B) commitmentC) participation D) reflection2. In the event of SARS, some _____ it while others lost their courage to do anything about it.A) came up to B) lived up to C) faced up to D) caught up to3. Experts have _____ with some effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading.A) caught up B) put upC) come up D) kept up4. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother to _____ the skills they need to succeed.A) require B) inquire C) acquire D) enquire5. As a result of his hard work, he has gained ______ to the Beijing University.A) access B) commitmentC) opportunity D) reward6. With the supplies of nurses below _____, thelocal government decided to recruit(招募) volunteers.A) acquirements B) assignments C) commitment D) requirements7. Only when one is ______ of one’s getting behind is one more likely to catch up.A) critical B) aware C) visual D) effective8. It is better for you to be _____ about its consequences before you take any action.A) positive B) absolute C) critical D) favorite9. As an ideal _____ to the spread of SARS, this medicine is now in great demand.A) barrier B) commitmentC) challenge D) access10. When her business goes wrong, she tends to _____ for advice.A) get access to B) come acrossC) reach out D) speak up11. The most important for us now is to _____what is to be done next.A) allow of B) reflect on C) feel like D) remind of12. It is best to _____ wear through friction in designing the parts of every machine.A) have insight into B) come up with C) allow for D) reflect on13. Good habits of living have proved to be of much _____ to our health.A) barrier B) benefit C) immunity D) commitment14. Now that we have learned to see things _____, we can find that there are two sides to anything in the world.A) in part B) from a perspective C) on their part D) in perspective15. As a(n) _____ job, it requires much time and commitment and persistence.A) unwilling B) demandingC) embarrassing D) frustrating16. The _____ to be better than others drives him to work harder than before.A) uniqueness B) eagerness C)awareness D) effectiveness17. For your study to stay in a ______ cycle, you must keep up with the progress of the course.A) virtuous B) virtual C) visual D) vital18. Anyone that goes against the social order is _____ to answer for his action.A) possibly B) probably C) likely D) normally19. There is much that can be done about the accidents _____ from carelessness.A) arose B) arisen C) arising D) arise20. _____ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A) Dislike B) Unlike C) Alike D) Liking21. More new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A) opportunities B) necessitiesC) realities D) probabilities22. Unlike the problems I _____ in high school,Ihave few chances to speak English in class at college.A) came across B) came aboutC) came after D) came of23. Now that they have done something ______ about the situation, it comes to return to normal.A) unique B) effectiveC) absolute D) sequential24. _____ you realize your trouble with English learning, you can take some effective steps.A) By now B) From now onC) Ever since D) Now that25. These products are _____ for export, thougha few of them may come into home markets.A) completely B) absolutelyC) essentially D) necessarily26. The team’s attempt to win the game was_____ by the opposing goalkeeper.A) reaped B) frustratedC) given up D) caught up27. He is quite sure that it’s _____ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.A) fully B) exclusively C) absolutely D) roughly28. The police wanted her to describe all the events of that morning in _____.A) time B) additionC) sequence D) place29. Thanks to the Internet, we can share sorrow and happiness at each other’s home through the _____ of e-mail.A) role B) medium C) modem D) sequence30. In their own eyes, it is rather _____ that the medical community as a whole still has little idea about the cause of SARS.A) rewarding B) demanding C) embarrassing D) requiringUnit21.On the conference, representatives from different countries _________ different viewpoints on this matter.A) put out B) put off C) put forth D) put down2. The _____ of the seasons has long beenobserved by people in all parts of the world.A) rhythm B) rite C) clickD) identity3. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.A) influential B) monstrousC) vigorous D) powerful4. The footballer made a(n) _____ gesture, which made the audience’s blood boil.A) mature B) offering C) offensive D) hesitative5. However, at times this balance in nature is ____, resulting in a number of possible unforeseen effects.A) troubled B) disturbedC) confused D) disgusted6. Since evidence of the fraud came to light, Congress has been demanding a ______ investigation.A) horrible B) thorough C) thoughtful D) weird7. Tax cuts are the most important ______ thegovernment has for stimulating the economy.A) instruction B) toastC) instrument D) stuff8. Spitting on the ground is not only ______but also harmful to others’ health.A) blasting B) bangingC) grabbing D) disgusting9. The residents here complain that they have been intensely _____ by the endless noises from the building sites for weeks.A) annoyed B) piercedC) wrapped D) destroyed10. The news made many scientists ______ that the living environment on the planet has been going worse.A) awful B) upset C) tuneless D) lucky11. It is not surprising that in modern times the _______ in this month may be out of date in next.A) fashion B) anchor C) section D) brow12. The idea of winning the eyes of the people around ____ powerfully to some youngsters, so they are eagerly identifying themselves.A) defy B) expel C) attract D) appeals13. We are expecting to see that the concerted research work will come up with a _____ solution to the problem.A) permanent B) perspectiveC) persistent D) persuasive14. He made ______ alterations to his flat and then sold it at a huge profit.A) offensive B) awful C) radical C) patient15. Although there is no easy cure for SARS at present, some of its causes have been ______ by experts.A) rebelled B) distracted C) bolted D) identified16. A positive answer makes you feel good, but a(n) ______ one teaches you a lot.A) affirmative B) negativeC) offensive D) tuneless17. At the early stage of a child’s development, the family tends to have a greater _____ on him than his school.A) instrument B) identityC) communication D) influence18. More and more people began to ______the relationship between man and nature, especially after the event.A) get rid of B) go too farC) be concerned about D) burst into19. It is a common practice in western countries that one must make a(n) _____ before seeing his doctor or visiting a friend.A) anchor B) appointmentC) makeup D) toast20. When she was told that her cat was killed by the neighbor’s dog, the old lady _____ tear s.A) reached for B) bolted out C) burst into D) turn onUnit 31. He is late again today. I’ll ____ that he will not be late tomorrow.A) refer to it B) look to himC) see to it D) turn to it2. When a fire____ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A) broke off B) broke outC) broke down D) broke up3. After the disaster, the truth ____ us that a healthy habit of living can keep one away from some terrible diseases.A) focused upon B) imposed uponC) dawned upon D) leaned upon4. After failing the exams three times, Jack realized that he’d never ____in English.A) see to it B) attain itC) catch it D) make it5. Susan has not been officially ____ to Johnson.A) engaged B) occupiedC) practiced D) undertaken6. After so many years, he still ____ the hope that his lost son would return one day.A) clang to B) clung toC) inclined to D) subjected to7. The action of cheating in an examination would ____ you ____ severe punishment.A) cause…to B) subject…toC) turn…to D) take…to8. This article _____more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.A) calls for B) applies forC) cares for D) allows for9. I don’t think that your watch is ____.A) worthy the price B) worth the priceC) worthy to buy D) worth to buy10. He is ____ a very old man but in fact he is only fifty years old.A) apparently B) evidentlyC) absolutely D) actually11. It is not polite to ____ a speaker with frequent questions.A) interpret B) interveneC) interrupt D) interfere12. Their daughter often turns a deaf ear to theirinquiries, so they sometimes have to ____ answers from her.A) interrupt B) exchangeC) squeeze D) exit13. His failure in love games threw him off his ____ of mind.A) mood B) engagementC) sympathy D) balance14. My camera can be ____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A) adapted B) adjustedC) adopted D) remedied15. At the party we found that shy girl ____ her mother all the time.A) depending on B) coinciding with C) adhering to D) clinging to 16. We forgave his bad temper because we know that his son’s illness had put him under great____.A) pins B) stress C) crisis D) depression17. She felt ____ at her sister’s good luck infinding jobs.A) jealousy B) esteem C) envy D) respect18. The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to ____himself.A) spot B) locate C) place D) situate19. We could see only the ____ outline of the mountain in the distance.A) vague B) dark C) mean D) dim20. Because the company was doing more business it was necessary to____ the factory.A) increase B) extendC) broaden D) grow21.The university ____ consists of full professors, associate professors and assistant professors.A) crew B) rankC) circle D) staff22. Due to the fact that she was naturally timid, she shrank from any ____ social and culturalactivities.A) comprehension of B) study onC) success in D) participation in23. It was no use trying to discuss business with James, who was well-known for____ everything.A) coping with B) trifling withC) striving for D) doing well in24. Jane is scolded by her boss because she left the office with the computer ____ yesterday.A) on B) out C) unlocked D) unclosed25. I have taken the mid-term exam, but I don’t know what my ____will be.A) future B) careerC) chance D) fate26. I could see nothing ____ of the hall but the moans of pain told there was someone there.A) in the dust B) in the duskC) in the lobby D) in the exit27. In the eyes of most students, her teaching method is far from ____ .A) content B) consentC) satisfied D) satisfactory28. It was reassuring to have someone ____ whom he could ____ for a while.A) upon…touch B) upon…p rideC) upon…lean D) upon…impose29. The new cadets are very slow to ____ the strict regulations of the military college.A) react to B) relate toC) adapt to D) turn to30. When reading books about space exploration,I often ____ man’s skill and creativeness in putting complex pieces of machinery into space.A) tremble at B) startle at C) wander at D) amaze atUnit 61. Writing is a slow process, requiring ___ thought, time and effort.A) significant B) considerable C) enormous D) numerous2. Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at thistime, but we shall keep your application on ____ for two months.A) pile B segment C) sequence D) file3. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by the university to take in _____.A) residents B) inhabitants C) lodgers D) settlers4.During the conference the speaker tried to ___ to them his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable decision. A) comply B) impose C) imply D) convey5. He ____ his control by making his students quiet.A) assessed B) asserted C) acquired D) monitored6. If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to ____ away all the rocks.A) repel B) pull C) transfer D) dispose7.Our journey was slow because the train stopped ____ at different villages.A) unceasingly B) gradually C)continuously D) continually8. Although most dreams apparently happen ______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. A) spontaneously B) simultaneously C) homogeneously D) instantaneously9. According to the instructions we received, we cannot accept photocopies(复印件), but need the ___ . A) source B) resourcesC) origin D) original10. _____ the popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create. A) Subject to B) Contrary to C) Familiar to D) Similar to11. The train _____ into the station at nine. A) pulled B) dragged C) hauled D) pushed12. All the leaders should attach much importance to their public _____.A) shape B) image C) status D) figure13. Our ___ from London to Paris is by way of Dover and Calais.A) route B) way C) roadD) routine14. In ______ to the Party’s call, a great number of doctors and nurses went to the frontline of fighting the flood. A) return B) admission C) response D) order15. They expressed their ______ at being looked down upon by demonstration.A) optimism B) enthusiasmC) pessimism D) indignation16. His political ______ came to an end 20 years ago.A) occupation B) employmentC) career C) profession17. In interpersonal relations, people should be ____ with each other.A) shameful B) frank C) reserved D) indifferent18. Mary has a bad cold and a _____ throat.A) sore B) painful C) tender D) sour19. His film was a complete failure, which did his reputation a lot of ______.A) damage B) harm C) injury D) ruin20. Every time when I go back to my hometown,I usually spend two days ____ of my relatives. A) going the rounds of B) rounding upC) making the rounds of D) rounding on21. Happiness doesn’t necessarily ______ money.A) go for B) go throughC) go back D) go with22. It’s a disgusting thing to hear him ____ his achievements.A) complaining of B) showing upC) breaking up D) boasting of23. Control of noise is a complex technology, and it is most ______ when applied to the original design of the noisy source. A) effective B) responsible C) wicked D) considerable 24. Sometimes, things go in the direction ____our original expectations.A) alien to B) opposite to C) subject to D) native to25. Success in school _______ much hard work.A) calls for B) calls off C) calls up D) calls on习题答案:1.BCCCA DBAAC BCBDB BACCB AABDC BCCBC2.CADCB BCDAB ADACD BDCBC CBCDA BBABADBD BCBAB DDBAD BDCCD6.BDCDB BDADB ABACD CBABC DDABA。