社会医学专业词汇

Unit 11.to have early (memories )记忆of2.(experimental )实验性的science3.surgical (maneuver )技术动作4.colorful (solutions )溶液5.（sophisticated ）复杂或尖端的experiments6.(budding )萌芽的interest7.(stray )走失的cats8.to (anesthetize )麻醉9.（treasured ）珍藏的papers10.the (concluding )结尾的paragraph11.from an (altruistic )利他的viewpoint of12.to (shape )build a career13.(congenital )innate abnormalities14.to (correct )矫正surgically15.(healing )cure and comfort16.to (document )用文献证明one’s success17.(routine )惯常的operations18.(pediatric )儿科的surgery19.to establish a surgical (specialty )专业20.（mortality ）rate 死亡率21.（survival ）rate 存活率22.a (gentle )温柔的touch23.（fragile ）脆弱的emotions24.to do (a full justice )to 尽力做好25.the human (dimension ) aspect, side of science26.to ( withstand )顶住the critics27.to (dismiss )撤销the warnings28.to talk (sternly )严厉的to sb.29.the most (vulnerable )弱势群体30.（high risk ）高危groups31.to live (in poverty )贫穷32.on the (fringes )边缘of33.the scientific research (community )界34.to (fulfill )accomplish the historic goals35.to (prolong )extend life36.to (alleviate )relieve suffering37.a new scientific (progress )advance38.the ( dictate )控制of economics39.the (intrusion )闯入Into medical education40.to (file for )申请bankruptcy41.(bottom-line )profit oriented managers42.to do one’s fair (share )part43.the (tense )fierce competition44.the greatest (epoch )时代of medical research45.(short term )短期的profits46.(immediately )眼前的gratification47.a (refurbished )reformed partnership48.to find a new (equilibrium )balance49.to (prevail )胜于over sth.50.physician (professionalism )职业道德51.our highest (aspiration )ideals52.the (wellbeing )health of every individual53.in the course of one’s (gravest )及其needs54.financial (vulnerability )脆弱55.to set the fundamental (priority )优先56.(affordable )支付得起health care57.(unsubstantiated )无确实根据的claims58.a (diminished )reduced opportunity59.to (envision )憧憬a future60.to (equate )with 等同于61.to (pander to ) sb. 迎合某人62.the (dignity ) 尊严of the human condition63.(tangible )切实的resources64.limitless (compassion )同情65.whimsical and (fraudulent )欺骗的Unit 21.(transmitted ) spread by bacteria2.to (touch )涉及all of our lives3.average life (expectancy )span4.to (strike )侵袭people of all ages5.improved (sanitation )卫生措施6.distribution and (storage )贮藏7.the (principle )major causes of death8.(cirrhosis )硬化of the liver9.( dominant )占主导的factors10.to take a (toll on )危害11.physical and mental (wellbeing )health12.a (perceived )察觉danger or threat13.sweaty (palms )手掌14.(tensed )紧张muscles15.( knotted ) 打结stomach16.universal and (predictable )可预言的17.prehistoric (ancestor )祖先18.normal (baseline )基线functioning19.(ground-breaking )突破性的research20.(primitive )原始的man21.to achieve (peak )最佳的performance22.to meet the (deadline )截止日期23.under such (circumstance )conditions24.(religious )宗教的faith25.(interpersonal )人与人之间的stressors26.(fellow )workers colleagues27.(anxiety )焦虑or guilt28.biochemical (makeup )structure29.to (mobilize )调动the body’s defenses30.in times of (emergency )紧急情况31.an （internalized ）使内在化feeling32.a ticking (time bomb )定时炸弹33.the potent (hormones )激素34.immune (mechanism )机制35.（global ）worldwide health36.economic (inequities )不公正37.political (corruption )腐败38.（chronic ）慢性的diseases39.worldwide phenomenon( )现象40.（scarce ）not plentiful resources41.food (security )保障42.obesity (epidemic )流行病43.to (address )deal with fundamental causes44.(extra )额外的income45.market (economy )经济46.（expendable ）可消费的income47.aggressively (marketing )营销foods48.(nutritional )营养的value49.(sedentary )久坐的behavior50.to take an (extreme )极端的example51.(census )人口普查categories52.(overabundant )过剩的food53.armies of (lobbyists )说客54.economic (implication )含意55.to （reverse ）逆转the obesity epidemicernment (agency )机构57.primary (mission )使命58.（ambiguity ）模凌两可of federal guideline59.food guide (pyramid )金字塔60.（conflict ）冲突of interest61.leadership (vacuum )真空62.legal （metrics ）法律依据63.（rapt ）全神贯注的attention64.to (promote/advocate )提倡better policies65.(junk )垃圾food66.farm (allowances/subsidies )津贴67.matter （pertaining to ）涉及Unit 31.(nonrenewable )非再生的resources2.To become (resistant )抗药的to all available drug treatments.3. A (virulent )剧毒的致命的bacterium4.(life-threatening )fatal infections5.Hospital-based (cousins )同类菌株6.erythromycin and (tetracycline )四环素7.this drug of (resort )最后一招8.the (migration )迁移，移居patterns9.(outbreak )突发of multi-resistant strains10.the (original )原发的infected person11.(respiration tract )呼吸道infections12.an (exponential )指数的rate of increase13.to have particular (relevant )相关性for14.(profound )serious problems15.(neurological )神经的impairment16.（viral ）病毒的infection17.developing and (marketing )市场营销antibiotics18.(pharmaceutical )制药的companies19.general (complacency )自满20.bacterial （adaptability ）适应性21.bacterial (enzymes )酶22.the general (community )public23.growth (promoters )催生剂24.（commercial ）商业的and economic benefits25.the food (chain )链26.bacterial (meningitis ) 脑膜炎27.the effective (vaccine )疫苗program28.good (hygiene 卫生29.to prevent (cross-infection )交叉感染occurring30.the (pre-antibiotic )抗生素前的era31.an (alarming ) disconcerting experience32.(renowned )well-known famous scientists and doctors33.to confront the dreadful (prospect )前景34.careless ( prescribing )处方过量35.(reservoirs )储存宿主of antibiotic resistant bacteria36.isolation in a (sanatorium )疗养院37.cuts and (scratches )擦伤38.septicemia and (syphilis )梅毒39.to end in (insanity )精神错乱40.to reduce the use of antibiotics (minimum )最低限度的41.media (campaign )活动42.general resistance (mechanism )机理43.isolation (wards )隔离病房44.（tighter ）严格的control of usage45.to acquire (mutation )突变46.to look (grim )严酷的47.without （parallel ）平行的progressUnit 41.To feel sour (nausea )恶心2.At my first (glimpse )一瞥of3.White blood cell (count )白细胞计数4.Acute lymphoblastic (leukemia )白血病5. A (rousing/inspiring )鼓舞人心的success6.(sequential )thought processes 顺序思维步骤7.To ( stomp )践踏it flat8.To tie it into (knot )结9.To (escalate )加剧her fear10.(flannel )法兰绒gown11.The tiny, （hunched ）弓起背的figure12.(desperately )拼命地trying to13.To (drift off )迷迷糊糊睡着了with a smile on her face14.(fragile )脆弱的child15.Safe (sedatives )镇静剂止痛剂16.To weep with (gratitude )感激17.To practice the (mechanism )技艺18.(scheduled )预约patients19.(recurrent )复发lymphedema20.( intermittent )间歇的cellulites21.Hot (flash )潮热22.（cervical ）颈的spondylosis23.(residual )残留的deficit24.(periodic )周期的depressive episodes25.Maxillary (sinus )窦穴26.To (recall )回忆prior conversations27.(subcutaneous )皮下的atrophy28.The ( surrounding )周围的tissue29.To (escort )护送her sister30.To (reassure )使安心my patient31.To reorder its (content )内容32.to (help )关爱the people33.to (discard )抛弃some of the heavier contentsUnit 51.The(medico-legal )法医学的standard2.(malpractice )医疗事故liability3.To feel (compelled )强迫to point out4.a(personalized )个人化relationship with a patient5.(diagnostic )诊断的and therapeutic measures6.The(conscientious )尽责的practitioner7.Patient(assessment ) 评估8.In a logical, (stepwise )逐步的fashion9.To use time and resources(optimally )最佳的10.The (academic )学术的standard of care11. A (ritualized )模式化approach to patient management12.(rational )理性的decision making13.(evidence based )循证medicine14.To (confirm )证实my impression15.To introduce a new (dimension )因素16.To achieve (utilization )利用17.Malpractice (allegation )指控18. A brief loss of consciousness due to a (concussion )脑震荡19.Diagnostic and therapeutic (intervention )干涉20.Clinically most (efficacious )effective21. A cheaper multidrug (regimen )疗法22.For the (sake )purpose of profit23.( monetary )金钱的efficiency24.Viewed from a financial (perspective )angle25.Moral, ethical, and (humanistic )人道主义的26.The (code )of conduct行为准则27.To (address )meet, satisfy the patient’s needs and desires28.The separate (entities )实体29.Every diagnostic or treatment (modality )形式30.To upset the ( juggling )杂耍act31.To (compromise )危及yourself32.The technological (expansion )扩大33. A witty, well-known ( panel )专门小组34.To everyone’s surprise and (consternation )惊愕35. A (critically )ill patient病危病人36.（intensive ）care unite重症监护室37.（tertiary ）三级care center38.Atria l (fibrillation ) 房颤39.Hypotensive and (febrile )发烧的40.The general (outline )概要41.(urinary )尿的output42.to keep (vigil )守夜at the bedside43.to try desperately to (ascertain )弄清44.to go (awry )出了差错45. a (surfeit )过多of specialists in urban areas46.to (diffuse )减弱responsibility47.to (dilute )冲淡authority48.to begin (insidiously )隐伏的49.aged and (demented )精神病的patients50.the (distraught )心烦意乱的family51.the( falling )heart心力衰竭52.to （assert ）声称one’s role53.old-fashioned (generalist )通科医生Unit 62.To (confront ) face the human species3.an aggressively (litigious )好诉讼的society4.sharply disagreeing medical (ethicist )伦理学家5.Ethical (principles )原则6.the Hippocratic (oath )宣誓7.neatly (formulated )系统的阐述into a list of standards8.the principle of (beneficence )善良9.the principle of (nonmaleficence )不犯罪10.the principle of (justice )公正11.patient (autonomy )自主权12.the hospice (movement )临终关怀13.in (harmony )agreement with14.to (subordinate )……位于较低级别healing to some other function15.to (violate )触犯the nature of medicine16.(subservient )从属的to the primary task of curing17.(religious )宗教的ethics18.the (sanctity )神圣of human life19.to (sustain )preserve life20.assisted (suicide )安乐死21.medical ( judgment ) approaches22.to judge their (efficacy )疗效23.the (paternalistic )家长式作风的model24.(utilitarian )功利的or situational25.the (maximization )最大值化of pleasure26.the (minimization )最小值化of pain27.to (constitute )form the fundamental values28.(moral )道德上judgment29.(probable )likely outcomes30.the weighing of (alternatives )choices, options31.the (intrinsic )本质的sanctity of life32.a medical (consultant )咨询者33.to (lay out )display options34.(terminate )patients 临终病人35.（prolonged ）拖延的suffering36.a utilitarian (morality )道德37.to constitute a (breach )违背of their medical ethics38.a (dim )暗淡的outlook39.to go into (remission )疾病好转40.vital life-support (mechanisms )仪器设备41.to (render ) make judgmentrge (setback )疾病复发43.an (executive )主管人员at IBM44.( be stricken )with the same disease45.rheumatoid (arthritis )关节炎46.（internal）organs 内脏47.to (hold down )have a job48.on the ( horizon )即将来临49.to hang (ominously )恶兆的over our heads50.the medical ( community )医务界51.humane (euthanasia )安乐死52.the medical (establishment )医疗制度53.a lethal ( dose )剂量of medication54.a （paradigm ）model, pattern shiftcational (curriculum )课程56.insulin to treat (diabetes )糖尿病57.( routine )常规interventions58.to ( succumb of )die of kidney failure59.multiple organ (transplants )移植60.the (dilemma )困境of dying61.to free physicians from (prosecution )起诉62.（peer ）同事pressure63.a ( tangible )有形的and measurable occurrence64.a (roundtable )圆桌的discussion65.( striking )startling advances66.the (ultimate )最终的form of liberty67.the ( forefront )重点of discussionUnit 71.to give birth to (triples )三胞胎2.to serve as a (surrogate )代孕mother3.implanted with an (embryos )胚胎4.fertilized (in vitro )体外5.to range from astonishment to ( )反感6.to pose legal and ethical (dilemmas )困境7.put in frozen (storage )储存8.to be taken(aback )吃惊9.to range from distaste to (revulsion )厌恶10.artificial (insemination )授精11.the (uterus )子宫of the surrogate12.to carry the fetus to ( term )足月13.to (deliver )生the baby14.(infertile )不孕的couples15.embryo transfer ( pregnancy )怀孕16.the (morality )道德of surrogacy17.(proponents )supporters of surrogacy18.to be permitted and even (facilitated )使便利19.to (fulfill )meet satisfy a biological and emotional need20.biological (inheritance )遗传21.(reproductive )生殖的freedom22.the right to (abortion )流产23.to ( grant )offer informed consent24.to be (diagnosed )诊断with25.to establish a (precedent )先例26.a (marrow )骨髓donor27.to be born (disabled )伤残的28.the (adopting )收养的parents29.a (legitimate )合法的right30.to (assume )take responsibility31.(visitation )探望rights32.( alternative )可选择的ways of dong sth33.to treat water supply with (chlorination )氯化34.chlorinated (hydrocarbons )氯代烃35.（carcinogenic ）致癌的potential36.（waterborne ）水传播的infection37.chlorine （addition ）添加38.a (prescription )处方drug39.a painful (arthritic )关节炎的condition40.a health (maintenance )维护organization41.(cardiac )心脏的malfunction42.control （subjects ）对照组43.（over-the-counter ）非处方drugs44.( anti-inflammatory )消炎drugs45.(consultation )咨询with your physician46.to continue the drug (regime )治疗47.risk/benefit ( assessment )评估48.a growing scientific ( consensus )一致同意49.the ( emission )散发of carbon dioxide50.(greenhouse )温室gases51.(global ) warming 全球变暖52.to (entail )承担increasing risks53.( proliferation )扩散of fissile material54.(extreme )极端的weather eventsUnit 81. a member of a (cavalcade )team2.the (promise )预示of DNA research3.(molecular )分子的biology4.medical (application )应用5.the （evolution ）进化of the human species6.the ( applied )应用的biological sciences7.the human (genome )基因组sequence8.(lavish )过度的promises9.( predictive )预测的medicine10.therapies ( tailored )适合for each individual11.to ( conquer )战胜aging12.in a (diseased )患病的state13.the common （affliction ）ills14.the environmental (components )成分15.linkage (disequilibrium )连锁不平衡16.in the public and private (sector )部分17.at a low/high (resolution )分辨率18.(flawed )使有缺陷by incorrect diagnosis19.(unresolved )未解决的multiple genetic effects20.based on the (proposition )主张21.the (prime )primary value of our work22.a new public health (paradigm )model23.our (somatic )肉体的selves24.the diseases of our (civilization )文明25.in the large public (domain )领域26.the (luxury )奢侈of killing themselves by over nutrition27.to take a terrible (toll )造成大量伤亡28.（compelling ）convincing examples29.( abstruse )深奥的discussions30.to balance the (equate )equilibrium31.to (stand up for )safeguard all humanity32.an (out of body )experience离体试验33.a (distant )remote planet34.a (surreal )超现实主义moment of shock and disorientation35.(filtered )过滤and redefined36.the fragility and (impermanence )无常of life37.(diagnosed )诊断with cancer38.the fear of ( recurrence )复发39.our current (predicament )困境40.to (nurture )养育and educate oneself41.the ( suicide )自杀terrorists42.confusing and (terrifying )可怕的43.in every (conceivable )可能的way44.the (ultimate )最终的outcome45.to stay (on course )正确方向46.a (permanent )ever-lasting fight47.(dormant )隐匿的cancer cells48.an (unsettling )使人不安的loss of control49.the （hidden ）隐藏的gift50.values and (priorities )优先考虑的事51.emotional (landscape ) 心田52.a sense of (peace )安宁Unit 91. A （return ）返回flight2.to (scan )浏览the bestsellers3.（engrossed ）attracted by the 20 years of study4. a (sawtooth )锯齿般的pattern5.to (edge out )排挤掉lager birds6.hard to (crack )使破裂7.at the (extremes )极端8.to maintain the ( niche )生存位置9.to (catalog )编目录every single bird10.to measure (meticulously )小心翼翼11.20 years (apart )相隔12.in this (harsh )恶劣的environment13.(insurance )保险benefits14.the （viability）生存能力of the faculty15.(pilot )试验性的data16.quality ( publication )论文发表17.（priority ）优先score18.a slight (edge )advantage19.( competitive )竞争的pressure20.to have one’s (heyday )鼎盛期21.the (inevitability )必然性of competition22.any competitive (enterprise )企业23.constantly in （conflict ）冲突24.a (confluence )汇合of interests25.to (coexist )共存without serious competition26.the (principles )原则of natural selection27.a (footnote )次要的事情in medical history28.our collective (fate )命运29.(monitoring )监测system30.a (viral )病毒的infection31.（antiviral ）抗病毒的drug32.a telephone (consultation )咨询33.treatment (options )choices, alternatives34.to (enhance )strengthen immune function35.to place an (order )定购36.biochemical （uniqueness ）特性37.the ( pharmaceutical )药的agent38.the minimal appropriate (dose )剂量39.to (stock ) 储藏the major new drugs40.to melt ( plaque )斑buildup in arteries41.( behavioral )行为的approaches42.wellness and (longevity )长寿的43.to be (affiliated )附属with44.( sophisticated )尖端的equipment45.to ( facilitate ) 促进health promotion46.to (visit with )访问sb.47.( homeopathic )remedies 顺势疗法48.to develop a better (rapport )关系with sb.49.to protect one’s (confidentiality )保密性50.(alternative )非主流的therapies51.better (targeted )针对to the illness52.to (diminish )减少significantlyrge(database ) 数据库41.（plausible）看似有道理的foreUnit 101.My (heartfelt )congratulations衷心的2. A (momentous )significant day3.An incredible (honor )荣誉4.The (commencement )毕业典礼speaker5.The (genius )天才of extraordinary men6. A （multi-disciplinary ）多学科的approach7.(arbitrary )专断的boundaries8.(biomedical )生物医学的sciences9.Forever be (indebted )grateful to you10.A great deal of praise and (recognition )认可11.A richly collaborative (endeavor )effort12.As sb. (aptly )恰当地put it13.The public ( at large )in general14.A plague of staggering ( dimensions )范围15.To feature scientists for (accomplishment )achievement16.On a personal ( note )口气17.To feel extremely (privileged )荣幸的to do18.A sexually ( transmitted )spread agent19.A similar (syndrome )综合症状20.In the medical (literature )文献21.To appear ( insidiously )隐伏地22.The plague of the ( millennium )千年23.At an ( alarming )惊人的rate24.To take ( advantages )of 利用the opportunities25.Courage and ( conviction )深信26.Goals and (ideals )理想27.A ( noble )崇高的profession28.Left breathless and ( awe-struck )充满敬畏的29.A personal ( anecdote )story30.To have the ( privilege )特权of31.To sit ( on top of )close to a discovery32.To (dawn on ) occur to sb.33.In a dynamic (equilibrium )平衡34.The old (paradigm )model35.The (breakneck ) very fast speed of scientific discoveries36.A (substantial )实质的clinical benefit37.In this (dreadful )可怕的epidemic38.The (foreboding )不祥之兆的sense39.To ( bring to an end to ) end this tragedy40.The (ultimate )根本的key to41.To (head up )带领the national effort42.(boldly )大胆地and proudly43.A number of (self-respective )自我反省的journeys44.To(eradicate )eliminate HIV from an infected person45.To take ( informed )知情的risks46.As so (eloquently )雄辩地stated47.A deep commitment to (excellence )优秀48.To stay in the (forefront )前沿49.Individuality and (conformity )一致50.Values of drive and ( dedication )commitment51.( imprinted )留下烙印during early childhood52.No ( substitute )替代for hard work53.To （carve out ）开辟出a place in the world54.To a higher level of work (ethics )职业道德55.One (prevailing )普遍的view56.Wrong and （shameful ）耻辱的57.To take (solace )安慰and satisfaction58.To (cast )投射a giant shadow on our planet59.(annual ) meeting 年会60.To (undergo )经历significant stress61.(shit )转变in attitudes62.(stem cell )干细胞research63.A set of (grants )资助金64.Drug (abuse )吸毒者65.Religious (conservatives )保守派66.The scientific ( community )科学界67.（be enmeshed ）陷入in a continuing battle68.To ( claim )声称a role69.Our (core )核心principles70.Out of ( bounds )逾越限度71.The power of scientific (inquiry )research72.Independence and (objectivity )客观性73.The ( impositions )强加of constraints on science74.To (resonate )共鸣with the public75.To find ( common ground )共同基础76.Through open, rational (discourse )discussion。

《社会医学》知识要点归纳【名词解释】1.社会医学（social medicine）是从社会的角度研究医学和健康问题的一门交叉学科。

它研究社会因素（social factor）与个体及群体健康和疾病之间相互作用就及其规律，制定相应的社会策略和措施，保护和增进个人及人群的身形健康和社会活动能力，提高生命质量，充分发挥健康的社会功能，提高人群的健康水平。

2.1848年，法国盖林第一次提出社会医学概念；德国格罗蒂扬提出整套理论和概念，并于1920年在柏林大学首次开设社会卫生学讲座。

3.医学模式（medical model）是人类与疾病抗争和认识自身生命过程的实践中得出的对健康观和疾病观等重要医学概念的本质概括。

4.亚健康状态是指人的机体虽然无明显的疾病，但呈现出活力降低，适应力呈现不同程度减退的一种生理状态，是由机体各系统的生理功能和代谢过程低下所致，是介于健康与疾病之间的一种生理功能降低的状态，亦称“第三状态”或“灰色状态”。

5.亚临床疾病是指没有临床症状、体征，但存在生理性代偿或病理性改变的临床检测证据，如无症状性缺血性心脏病患者可以无临床症状，但有心电图改变等诊断依据。

6.健康社会决定因素（social determinants of health,SDH）在那些直接导致疾病的因素之外，由人们的社会地位和所拥有的资源所决定的生活和工作环境及其他对健康产生影响的因素。

7.1978年9月，世卫组织和联合国儿童基金会在阿拉木图召开国际初级卫生保健会议，发布《阿拉木图宣言》，宣布2000年人人享有卫生保健的目标。

8.1986年11月，加拿大渥太华召开第一届国际健康促进大会，公布了《渥太华宪章》，列出8个健康的关键决定因素：安全、社会保障、教育、食品安全、收入、生态环境、可持续的资源、社会公正。

9.2000年9月，联合国大会提出“千年发展目标（millennium development goals,MDGs）”，与3个健康直接相关社会决定因素：降低儿童死亡率、改善孕产妇健康和对抗艾滋病、疟疾及其他疾病；5个健康间接相关社会决定因素：消除贫困和饥饿、普及初等教育、性别平等和提高妇女权益、保护环境资源可持续发展和建立全球发展的合作关系。

医学领域英语词汇全集以下是医学领域常用的英语词汇全集，供参考：1. Anatomy（解剖学）- Skeleton（骨骼）- Muscles（肌肉）- Organs（器官）- Nerves（神经）2. Physiology（生理学）- Circulatory system（循环系统）- Respiratory system（呼吸系统）- Digestive system（消化系统）- Endocrine system（内分泌系统）3. Diseases（疾病）- Cancer（癌症）- Diabetes（糖尿病）- Hypertension（高血压）- Influenza（流感）4. Medical Procedures（医疗程序）- Surgery（外科手术）- Radiology（放射学）- Physical therapy（物理疗法）- Chemotherapy（化疗）5. Medications（药物）- Antibiotics（抗生素）- Analgesics（止痛药）- Antidepressants（抗抑郁药）- Antihistamines（抗组胺药）6. Medical Equipment（医疗设备）- Stethoscope（听诊器）- X-ray machine（X光机）- Ultrasound machine（超声波机）- Blood pressure monitor（血压计）7. Medical Specialties（医学专业）- Cardiology（心脏病学）- Dermatology（皮肤病学）- Gynecology（妇科学）- Pediatrics（儿科学）8. Medical Ethics（医学伦理）- Informed consent（知情同意）- Confidentiality（保密性）- Patient autonomy（患者自主权）- Non-maleficence（不伤害原则）9. Medical Research（医学研究）- Clinical trials（临床试验）- Case studies（病例研究）- Epidemiology（流行病学）- Genetic research（遗传研究）以上是医学领域常用的英语词汇全集。

医学专业英语词汇大全一、人体解剖学词汇1. 骨骼系统（Skeletal System）skull（颅骨）spine（脊柱）rib（肋骨）pelvis（骨盆）femur（股骨）tibia（胫骨）fibula（腓骨）2. 肌肉系统（Muscular System）biceps（二头肌）triceps（三头肌）deltoid（三角肌）quadriceps（四头肌）gluteus（臀大肌）rectus abdominis（腹直肌）3. 神经系统（Nervous System）brain（大脑）spinal cord（脊髓）neuron（神经元）synapse（突触）cerebellum（小脑）hypothalamus（下丘脑）4. 循环系统（Circulatory System） heart（心脏）artery（动脉）vein（静脉）capillary（毛细血管）blood（血液）plasma（血浆）5. 呼吸系统（Respiratory System） lung（肺）trachea（气管）bronchus（支气管）alveoli（肺泡）diaphragm（膈肌）二、临床医学词汇1. 疾病与症状diabetes（糖尿病）hypertension（高血压）asthma（哮喘）fever（发热）headache（头痛）nausea（恶心）2. 检查与诊断physical examination（体格检查）Xray（X光检查）CT scan（CT扫描）MRI（磁共振成像）biopsy（活检）diagnosis（诊断）3. 治疗与药物medication（药物治疗）surgery（手术治疗）vaccination（疫苗接种）antibiotic（抗生素）painkiller（止痛药）insulin（胰岛素）三、医学分支词汇1. 内科学（Internal Medicine） cardiology（心脏病学）gastroenterology（消化病学） nephrology（肾脏病学）endocrinology（内分泌学）hematology（血液病学）2. 外科学（Surgery）general surgery（普通外科） orthopedic surgery（骨科）neurosurgery（神经外科）plastic surgery（整形外科）cardiac surgery（心脏外科）3. 妇产科（Obstetrics and Gynecology）pregnancy（妊娠）childbirth（分娩）contraception（避孕）menopause（更年期）cervical cancer（宫颈癌）4. 儿科学（Pediatrics）immunization（免疫）growth chart（生长曲线）developmental milestones（发育里程碑）asthma in children（儿童哮喘）childhood obesity（儿童肥胖）本词汇大全旨在帮助医学专业人员和爱好者更好地掌握医学英语，提高专业英语水平。

社会医学名词解释文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]社会医学：是研究社会（社会因素）与医学（健康或疾病）的联系与规律的一门交叉性边缘学科。

积极健康观：健康不仅仅是没有疾病或虚弱，而是一种身体、心理和社会的完好状态。

大卫生观：卫生事业本质上是一种“人人需要，共同受益”的社会公益事业，提高人群的健康水平需要全社会的积极行动和参与。

医学模式：人们对于健康和疾病现象的总的看法、基本观点和实践原则，亦称医学观。

神灵主义的医学模式：认为疾病是鬼神作怪，天遣神罚，健康与生命乃神灵赐与，总之归之于某种无所不在的神灵。

自然哲学的医学模式：把健康、疾病与人类生活的自然环境与社会环境联系起来观察与思考的朴素、辩证、整体的医学观念，称为自然哲学的医学模式。

机械论的医学模式：把人体当成是“自己发动自己的机器，疾病是机器某部分故障失灵，需修补完善”，人和动物不同在于“多几个弹簧和齿轮”，这就是机械论的医学模式。

生物医学模式：是建立在生物科学基础上，反映病因、宿主与自然环境之间的变化规律的医学观和方法论。

认为每种疾病都必然并且可以在器官、细胞或分子上找到可以测量的形态学或化学改变，都可以确定出生物的或理化的特定原因，都应该能够找到治疗的手段。

生物-心理-社会医学模式：健康是躯体、心理和社会的完美状态，而不仅是没有疾病和虚弱。

亚健康状态：指机体虽然无明确的疾病，但呈现出活力降低，适应能力呈不同程度减退的一种生理状态。

亚临床疾病：无症状疾病，无临床症状体征，但有临床检测证据。

整体病因论：疾病不是由单一因素引起的，而是生物、心理、社会综合作用结果的复合体。

健康投资：人们为了获得良好的健康而消费的食品、闲暇时间和卫生服务等资源。

人口流动：人口在地理空间位置上的变动和阶层职业上的变动。

社会制度：指在一定历史条件下形成的社会关系和社会活动的规范体系，是社会经济、政治、法律、文化制度的总和。

人际关系：指人与人之间在社会生活中相互作用形成的一种极其复杂的关系，这种关系可以表现为亲密，也可以是疏远和敌对。

常见的医学专业英语词汇应⽤⽣物学 Applied Biology 医学技术 Medical Technology细胞⽣物学 Cell Biology 医学 Medicine⽣物学 Biology 护理⿇醉学 Nurse Anesthesia进化⽣物学 Evolutionary Biology ⼝腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋⽣物学 Marine Biology ⼝腔/⽛科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences微⽣物学 Microbiology ⾻科医学 Osteopathic Medicine分⼦⽣物学 Molecular Biology ⽿科学 Otology医学微⽣物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学 Physical Therapy⼝腔⽣物学 Oral Biology ⾜病医学 Podiatric Medicine寄⽣物学 Parasutology 眼科学 Ophthalmology植物⽣物学 Plant Physiology 预防医学 Preventive Medicine⼼理⽣物学 Psychobiology 放射学 Radiology放射⽣物学 Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling 理论⽣物学 Theoretical Biology 康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing 野⽣⽣物学 Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing环境⽣物学 Environmental Biology 治疗学 Therapeutics运动⽣物学 Exercise Physiology 畸形学 Teratology有机体⽣物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学 Veterinary Sciences⽣物统计学 Biometrics ⽛科卫⽣学 Dental Sciences⽣物物理学Biophysics ⽛科科学 Dentistry⽣物⼼理学 Biopsychology ⽪肤学 Dermatology⽣物统计学 Biostatistics 内分泌学 Endocrinology⽣物⼯艺学 Biotechnology 遗传学 Genetics⽣物化学 Biological Chemistry 解剖学 Anatomy⽣物⼯程学 Biological Engineering ⿇醉学 Anesthesia⽣物数学 Biomathematics 临床科学 Clinical Science⽣物医学科学 Biomedical Science 临床⼼理学 Clinical Psychology 细胞⽣物学和分⼦⽣物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology。

Unit11.Neuron overload 神经过载2. a typical office visit 典型的诊所就诊3. DEXA scan DEXA扫描4. medical practising 行医5. Blood pressure 血压控制6. health maintenance 健康保持7. Mammogram report 乳房X线检查报告8. physical examination 体检9. Side effect of a medication 药物的副作用10. perpetual panic 永久的恐慌11. Practicing physicians 职业医生12. transplant field 移植领域13. Medical budget 医疗预算14. paracetamol tablet 扑热息痛药片15. Childproof cap 防孩子打开的盖子16. randomized clinical trial 随机临床试验17. Random allocation 随机分配18. patient prognosis 病人的预后19. Control group 对照组20. a 10-year follow-up study 10年的跟踪研究21. a medical ward 内科病房22. infectious hepatitis 传染性肝炎23. Severe malaise 身体严重不适24. bilirubin metabolism 胆红素代谢25. Permannent liver damage 永久的肝损伤26. exacerbate pathophysiology 加重病理生理状况27. Medical literature 医学文献28. clinical investigation 临床调查29. Incedence of relapse 复发率30. clinical epidemiology 临床流行病学31. Strict bed rest 严格的卧床休息32. hospital stay 住院33. Recurrent jaundice 反复发作的黄疸34. clinical course 临床病程35. Intravenous morphine 静脉注射吗啡36. diastolic blood pressure 舒张压37. Brain perfusion 大脑血灌输38. primary care初级保健39. Aorto-coronary arterial bypas主动脉冠状动脉旁路rmed treatment decision知情治疗决41.An international humanitarian group一个国际人道组织42.the Red Cross 红十字会43.The first major relief effort第一次重大援助工作44.casualty of war 战争中的人员伤亡45.Emergency relief efforts 紧急援助Unit21.re-emerying disease(再现疾病)2..new flu strain新流感变种3.antibiotics and vaccines抗生素和疫苗4..infectious disease传染病5.emergent disease新现疾病6..prevention strategy预防策略7.bubonic plague腺鼠疫8..pathogenic microbes病原微生物9 public health authorities公共卫生机构10.drug resistance抗药性11.an course of antibiotic therapy抗生素治疗疗程12.scarlet fever猩红热13.the level of virulence毒性水平14,flu pandemic流感大流行15,surface antigen 表面抗原16.genetic shift基因改变17,neurological complications 神经性并发症18.waning of immunity免疫力减弱19.public health infrastructure公共卫生基础设施20.a malaria case一个疟疾病例21.swine flu猪流感22.tuberculosis bacillus结核杆菌23.the level of morbidity发病率水平24..health professional保健专业人士tent tuberculosis潜伏结核病26..tuberculin skin test结核素皮试27.screening programmes筛查计划28.interferon gamma testsγ干扰素测试29.drug toxicity药物毒性30..an curable disease一种可治愈的病31,intractable infectious disease难治的传染病32.an unknown pathogen一种未知的病原体33.chronic gastric ulcer慢性胃溃疡34.exposure to carries of disease接触带病者35,genetic recombination基因重组36.agent of bio生物恐怖活动病原37.foodborne infections通过食物传播的传染病1.The surge of adrenaline 肾上腺素激增2.，an internal medicine residency 内科实习期3、An autoimmune disease 自体免疫4、4.loss of stamina 丧失持久力5.transient weakness 短暂的虚弱6.，becoming bedridden 卧床不起7.a building block基本构件8..an animal model 动物模型9.to slow neurodegeneration减缓神经退化10..to excrete toxins排除毒素11.to optimize nutrition 优化营养12.toxic load毒素载量13.the risk of relapse 复发危险14.physician self—experimentation医生自我实验15.a clinical trial 临床试验16..neuromuscular electrical stimulation 神经肌肉电刺激17.physical therapist 理疗师18..the impact of micronutrients 微量营养素的影响19.brain function 脑功能20..track the emotional flow 跟踪情绪波动21.coordination of emotions 情绪协调22..cardiovascular reactions 心血管反应23.feeling of rapport 亲密感觉24..rapid entrain 迅速同步25.emotional contagion 情绪传染26..to mutually regulation 互相调节27.a psychobiological unit生物心理单元28..emotional solace 情感慰藉29.functional magnetic resonance功能性磁共振30..to active brain zones激活该脑部区域31.to make it mandatory使之成为强制性32.，a dubious project 无把握的项目33.medical background 医学背景34..proof of concept 概念验证35.dose regimen 剂量方案plications or concomitant conditions并发症与合并症37.anti-tumor agents 抗肿瘤的药剂38..standard therapy标准疗法39.pharmacology properties 药理学特性40..poor solubility 溶解性差41.in vivo pharmacology 体内药理学plementary medicine 补充医学2.Alternative medicine 替代医学3.a medical paradigm 医疗模式4.Acupuncture and herbs针灸和草药5.Adjunct treatment 辅助治疗6.Nausea and vomiting恶心，呕吐7.post-operative dental pain 术后牙痛8.Clinical trials 临床试验9.Physical therapy 物理疗法，理疗10.Therapeutic modalities 治疗方法11.A therapeutic intervention治疗干预12.Research design 研究设计13.Magnetic resonance 磁共振14.Positron emission tomography正电子发射型计算机断层成像15.Analgesia effect 止痛效果16.Rehabilitation unit康复中心17.Therapeutic strategies治疗策略18.A wide array of complications 各式各样的并发症19.Acute abdominal pain 急性腹痛20.Surgical procedure 外科手术21.Prevalence statistics患病率统计22.Evidence-based models of care询证医学模式23.Peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统24.Mechanistic and reductionistic studies 机制和还原式研究25.Clinical outcomes 临床结果26.Plausible mechanisms可能的机制27.Homeopathic medicine 顺势疗法28.Meditation and yoga冥想与瑜伽29.Biomedical establishment 生物医学界30.Licensed acupuncturist 持照针灸师31.Herbal formulas草药配方32.Integrative East-west medicine 中西医结合33.To administer medicines 施药，用药34.Scientific evaluation 科学评估35.Conventional therapies 传统疗法36.Stress management 压力处理37.Physiologic mechanisms生理机制38.Cost-effectiveness research 效益研究39.Preclinical and clinical studies 临床前及临床研究40.Manipulative therapies 推拿治疗41.Naturopathic medicine 自然疗法1.A health crisis 健康危机2.Energy and vitality 能量和活力3.Virus of falseness 虚假的病毒4.Robust emotion 健全的感情5.To balance our mind ,body and spirit平衡心理、身体和精神6.The blockage to wellness 通向身心健康的“路障”7.Genuine feelings and emotion真情实感8.Fully integrated human beings 十全十美的人9.Nutrition professor 营养教授10.Bottled water 瓶装水11.To curb appetite 节制食欲12.Childhood obesity 儿童肥胖症13.Dietary habits 饮食习惯14.Diary category 乳制品类15.Sodium content 钠的含量16.Physical symptoms 身体症状17.Be completely immune from sth.对某事完全免疫18.Stressful lifestyle 有压力的生活方式19.Fragile health 脆弱的健康20.Spiritual life精神生活21.Repressed emotions 被压抑的感情22.Physiological influences 心理影响23.Decaying teeth 蛀牙24.Burgeoning waistline 迅速膨胀的腰围25.Caloric intake 热量摄入26.Grains and protein 谷物和蛋白质27.Lean protein 精益蛋白质28.Quality of life 生活质量29.Preventions of diabetes糖尿病的预防1.nursing homes养老院2..hospice care临终关怀3.Congestive heart failure充血性心衰4.available around-the-clock24小时随叫随到5.Coronary care unit冠心病监护室6.24.to respond to treatment对治疗有反应7.Skilled nursing facility专业护理机构8..end-of-life care生命终末期护理fort care舒适护理10.hospital discharge planner出院计划专员11.Symptom care症状护理12..palliative care姑息疗法13.Fatal illness绝症14chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺病15.Experimental treatments实验性治疗16.spiritual advisor精神顾问17.To discontinue all treatment终止所有治疗18.to go through dialysis经历透析19.A PAP smear巴氏涂片检查20..patient-doctor relationship医患关系21.To provide care-as-usual提供常规医护22.preventive examinations预防性检查23.Off the beaten path离开熟路，另辟蹊径24.33.to mold into a shape塑形25.To renew a prescription照旧处方再开药26..in vitro fertilization体外受精27.Basic biology基础生物学28..embryonic stem cell research胚胎干细胞研究29.To collaborate with an outside与圈外人合作36.a test-tube baby试管婴儿30.Reproductive sciences生殖科学31.to administer hormone施用激素32.To isolate immature分离未成熟卵子33..empirical observations经验观察34.Pioneering work首创研究35.39.a fibre-optic endoscope光导纤维内窥镜36.Ethical guidelines伦理原则37.societal concern社会关注38.Infertile couples不孕不育夫妇39.41.inherited disease遗传疾病40.Cystic fibrosis囊泡性纤维症42.ethical dilemma伦理困境。

(完整版)医学专业英语词汇医学专业英语词汇1. 基础词汇- Medicine - 医学- Clinic - 诊所- Doctor - 医生- Patient - 患者- Hospital - 医院- Health - 健康- Disease - 疾病- Treatment - 治疗- Symptom - 症状- Diagnosis - 诊断- Prescription - 处方- Surgery - 手术- Laboratory - 实验室- Research - 研究- University - 大学- Medical - 医疗的- Nurse - 护士- Pharmacist - 药剂师- Therapist - 治疗师- Vaccine - 疫苗- X-ray - X光片- HIV - 人类免疫缺陷病毒- Cancer - 癌症- Diabetes - 糖尿病- Heart - 心脏- Kidney - 肾脏- Liver - 肝脏2. 解剖学词汇- Anatomy - 解剖学- Skeleton - 骨骼- Muscle - 肌肉- Nervous system - 神经系统- Digestive system - 消化系统- Respiratory system - 呼吸系统- Circulatory system - 循环系统- Skeletal system - 骨骼系统- Muscular system - 肌肉系统- Nervous tissue - 神经组织- Respiratory tract - 呼吸道- Circulatory system - 循环系统- Digestive tract - 消化道- Central nervous system - 中枢神经系统- Peripheral nervous system - 外周神经系统- Endocrine system - 内分泌系统- Urinary system - 泌尿系统3. 疾病词汇- Infection - 感染- Allergy - 过敏- Fever - 发烧- Inflammation - 炎症- Pain - 疼痛- Cough - 咳嗽- Headache - 头痛- Fatigue - 疲劳- Depression - 抑郁症- High blood pressure - 高血压- Arthritis - 关节炎- Asthma - 哮喘- Alzheimer's disease - 阿尔茨海默病- Stroke - 中风- Multiple sclerosis - 多发性硬化症- Pneumonia - 肺炎- Cancer - 癌症- Diabetes - 糖尿病- Heart disease - 心脏病- Kidney disease - 肾脏疾病- Liver disease - 肝脏疾病- Sexually transmitted disease - 性传播疾病4. 检查和测试词汇- Blood test - 血液检查- Urine test - 尿液检查- X-ray - X光检查- Ultrasound - 超声波- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 磁共振成像- ECG (Electrocardiogram) - 心电图- PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography) - 正电子发射断层扫描- Colonoscopy - 结肠镜检查- Pap smear - 涂片检查- Biopsy - 活检- Lymph node biopsy - 淋巴结活检- Bone marrow biopsy - 骨髓活检5. 药物相关词汇- Medication - 药物- Drug - 药品- Prescription - 处方药- Over-the-counter (OTC) - 非处方药- Antibiotics - 抗生素- Analgesics - 镇痛药- Antidepressants - 抗抑郁药- Antipyretics - 退热药- Antihistamines - 抗组织胺药- Anticoagulants - 抗凝药- Opioids - 麻醉药- Diuretics - 利尿药- Antivirals - 抗病毒药- Anti-inflammatory - 抗炎药- Beta blockers - 贝塔受体阻滞剂- Statins - 他汀类药物- Vaccines - 疫苗- Insulin - 胰岛素- Cholesterol-lowering drugs - 降低胆固醇药物以上是医学专业英语词汇的一部分，希望对您的学习和工作有所帮助。

《社会医学》专业英文词汇社会医学：social medicine医学社会学：medical sociology卫生事业管理学：health care management预防医学：preventive medicine社区医学：community medicine全科医生：general practitioner, GP功能主义理论：functionalism冲突理论：conflict theory社会解组论：social disorganization文化堕距：cultural lag社会因素：social determinants结构因素：structural determinants中介因素：intermediary determinants社会团结：social cohesion社会过程：social processes医学模式：medical model神灵主义医学模式：spiritual medical model自然哲学医学模式：natural philosophical medical model机械论医学模式：mechanistic medical model生物医学模式：biomedical model社会生态医学模式：social-ecological-medical model生物心理社会医学模式：bio-psycho-social medical model社会因素：social determinants社会经济地位：Social-economic Status, SES社会分层：Social Classification社会流动：social mobility社会阶级：social class地位群体：Status Group相对剥夺：Relative Deprivation社会排挤：Social Exclusion规范：norm符号文化：symbol社会结构：social structure社会群体：social group人群集合：population社会化过程：socialization内化：internalization生活机会：life chance健康生活方式：healthy Lifestyle求医行为：health-seeking behavior文化贫困：poverty of culture应激：stress生活事件行为医学：behavioral medicine性传播疾病：sexually transmitted disease, STD过程：process重复：repetition论证：demonstration伦理：ethics人类发展指数：Human Development Index, HDI量表：scale参与观察：participant observation局外观察（非参与观察）：non-participant observation实地观察：field observation实验室观察：laboratory observation结构观察：constructed observation无结构观察：non-constructed observation深度访谈：in-depth interviews无结构访谈：unstructured interview文献分析：document analysis内容分析：content analysis二次分析：secondary analysis问卷：questionnaire开放式问题：open-ended question封闭式问题：closed-ended question信度：reliability效度：validity表面效度：face validity预测效度：predictive validity标准关联效度：criterion-related validity建构效度：construct validity内容效度：content validity回收率：response rate定量研究：quantitative study定性研究：qualitative study伤残调整期望寿命：Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy ，DALE健康期望寿命：Health Life Expectancy ，HALE伤残调整生命年：Disability Adjusted Life Year ，DALY减寿人年数：Potential Years of Life Lost ，PYLL无残疾期望寿命：Life Expectancy Free of Disability ，LEFD日常生活活动能力：ability of life, ADL标准寿命表减寿年数：standard Expected Years of Life Lost ，SEYLL 生活质量指数：physical quality of Life Index ，PQLI美国社会健康学会指标：American Social Health Association ，ASHA 生命质量：quality of life ，QOL健康相关生命质量：health related quality of life ，HRQOL健康意识：health perception机能状态：functional status心理状态：psychological state社会互动：social interaction危险因素：risk factor健康危险因素评价：health risk appraisal社会福利：social welfare社区诊断：community diagnosis社区卫生服务：community health services, CHS社区康复：community based rehabilitation健康维护组织：health maintenance organization ，HMO 国民健康保险制度：national health service ，NHS策略：strategy政策：policy利益相关集团分析：stakeholder Analysis。

社会医学英汉词汇对照表AA type behavior A 型行为模式ability of life, ADL 日常生活活动能力accessible 可获得性accessible care 可及性服务accident 事故achievable age 增长年龄acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合症/艾滋病activity life expectancy 活动期望寿命adaptation 适应度adolescent pregnancy 青少年妊娠adverse drug reaction，ADR 药物不良反应affection 情感度alternate form reliability 复本信度American social health association, ASHA 美国社会健康协会appraisal age 评价年龄articles of agreement of the international bank for 国际复兴与开发银行reconstruction and developmentattributable burden 归因疾病负担比avoidable burden 可避免的疾病负担比Bbehavioral risk of factor surveillance system, BRFSS 行为危险因素监测系统biomedical model 生物医学模式bio-psycho-social medical model 生物-心理-社会医学模式blue cross 蓝十字blue shield 蓝盾bodily pain, BP 躯体疼痛body mass index, BMI 体重指数法Ccare 医疗保健case control study 病例对照研究ceiling 限额方式center on outcomes research and education, CORE 结局研究与教育中心centers for disease control and prevention, CDC 美国疾病控制中心chronic non-communicable diseases 慢性非传染性疾病cohort study 队列研究commerce 商务community 社区community health services, CHS 社区卫生服务community medicine 社区医学comprehensive care 综合性服务connection 连接construct validity 结构效度consumer 需方content 内容content validity 内容效度continuity care 连续性服务coordinated care 协调性服务co-payment 共付方式coping style 应付方式cost benefit analysis, CBA 成本效益分析cost effectiveness analysis, CEA 成本效果分析cost utility analysis, CUA 成本效用分析counter culture 反文化criterion validity 准则效度Ddeductible 起付线Delphi 德尔菲法department for international development, DFID 英国国际发展署dependence 依赖detoxification 脱毒deviant behavior 越轨行为disability/disabilities 残疾disability adjusted life expectancy, DALE 疾病调整期望寿命disability adjusted life year, DALY 伤残调整寿命年disability free life expectancy, DFLE 无残疾期望寿命disease 疾病disease and treatment related symptoms 疾病治疗的相关症状disease burden 疾病负担drugs 药物Eecological model 生态学模式economic intervention 经济干预economic status or factors 经济状况或因素educational intervention 教育干预emotional well-being 情感状况empathy 移情enforcement intervention 强制干预engineering intervention 工程干预EuroQOL five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D 欧洲生存质量测定量表Eysenck personality questionnaire, EPQ 艾森克人格问卷Fface validity 表面效果family 家庭family medicine 家庭医学family systems theory 家庭系统理论fee for service, FFS 服务项目收费系统focus group discussion 专题小组讨论food and drug administration, FDA 食品与药物管理局full health 完全健康functional 功能functional assessment of cancer therapy, FACT 癌症治疗功能评价系统functional living index cancer scale, FLIC 癌症病人生活功能指数functional status 机能状态functional well-being 功能状况Ggeneral health, GH 总体健康general practitioner, GP 全科医生global burden of disease, GBD 全球负担疾病global inventory of stress, GIS 压力测量量表globalization 全球化gross domestic product, GDP 国内生产总值gross national product, GNP 国民生产总值growth 成长度Hhandicaps 残障hardship due to cancer 因癌造成的艰难health 健康health care management 卫生管理学health behavior 健康行为health care system 医疗保健制度health human resource 卫生人力资源health insurance 健康保险health maintenance organization, HMO 健康维持组织health management 健康管理health perception 健康意识health policy support project, HPSP 卫生政策支持项目health related behavior 健康相关行为health related quality of life, HRQOL 健康相关生命质量health risk factors 健康危险因素health risk factors appraisal, HRA 健康危险因素评价health services demand 卫生服务需求health services need 卫生服务需要health services research 卫生服务研究health services use or utilization 卫生服务利用health services want 卫生服务要求health-for-all policy for the twenty-first century 21世纪人人享有卫生保健healthy life expectancy, HALE 健康期望寿命high risk strategy 高危策略hospice care 临终关怀服务household health interview survey 家庭健康询问调查human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Iillicit drug 非法药物illness 病患impairment 缺损important 重要性in-depth interview 深入访谈index medicus, IM 医学索引injury 伤害internalization 内化intentional injury 故意伤害international federation of red cross and red crescent 国际红十字会与红新月会联合会societiesinternational quality of life assessment, IQOLA 国际生命质量评价项目international society for quality of life research 国际生命质量研究协会ISOQOLInternet addiction, IA 网络成瘾KKarnofsky performance status, KPS Karnofsky功能状况量表Katz index Kate量表koro 恐缩症Llabel 标签legitimation 合法化life event 生活事件life expectancy free of disability, LEFD 无残疾期望寿命life experiences survey, LES 生活事件压力问卷limitation of activity 活动受限linear analogue self-assessment, LASA 线性模拟自我评估表long-term care 长期照顾Mmanaged care 管理型医疗保健组织mass screening 群体筛查medicaid 穷人医疗保险medical insurance 医疗保险mechanistic medical model 机械论医学模式medical model 医学模式medical outcomes study, MOS 医疗结果调查表medical psychology 医学心理学medical sociology 医学社会学medical subject headings, MeSH 医学主题词medicare 老人医疗保险medifund 保健基金medisave 保健储蓄medishield 医保双全mental disorders 精神保障mental health, MH 精神健康mobility, MOB 移动model 模式multiple cause/multiple effect 多因多果multiple cause/single effect 多因单果Nnarcotic anonymous 匿名戒毒协会national cancer institute, NCI 美国国立癌症研究所national health service, NHS 国家卫生服务nature philosophical medical model 自然哲学医学模式nausea 恶心nominal group discussion 选题小组讨论Nottingham health profile, NHP 诺丁汉健康量表nursing home 护理院Oobservation 观察Ppalliative medicine 姑息医学partnership 合作度pathological internet use, PIU 病态网络使用patient 病人payer 支付方perceived need 觉察到的需要peri-menopause 围绝经期perinatal health care 围产保健personality 人格personalized care 人格化服务physical 生理physiological activity capability, PAC 生理活动physical and occupational function 生理和职业功能physical dependence 生理依赖physical functioning, PF 生理功能physical quality of life index, PQLI 生活质量指数physical well-being 生理状况physical well-being and ability 躯体良好和能力population attributable risk 人群归因危险度population strategy 全人群策略potential impact fractions, PIF 潜在影响分数potential need 潜在需要potential years of life lost, PYLL 减少人年数preferred provide organization, PPO 优先提供者组织pre-marriage care 婚前保健prevalence of risk 危险因素暴露率preventive medicine 预防医学primary prevention 一级预防provider 提供者/供方psychoactive substances 精神活性物质psychological 心理psychological and social well-being 心理和社会的良好状况psychological dependence 心理依赖psychological state 心理状态psychological well-being 心理良好psychotic disorders 精神病性障碍Qquality of life, QOL 生命质量quality of life instruments 癌症患者生命质量测定量表系列for cancer patients, QLICPquality of life scale for patients with Type 2 diabetes 2型糖尿病患者生活质量量表mellitus, DMQLSquality of life research 生命质量研究杂志quality of well-being scale, QWB 良好适应状态指数quality-adjusted life years, QALY 生命质量调整年questionnaire 问卷Rrecognition 认同recommended & dietary allowance 膳食营养推荐标准relative risk, RR 相对危险度reliability 信度reliable 可靠性reported health transition, HT 健康变化representative 代表性resolve 亲密度response shift 反应转移reward system 犒赏中枢ripple effect 涟漪反应road traffic injury 道路交通伤害role-emotional, RE 情感职能role-physical, RP 生理职能Sscreening 筛查secondary prevention 二级预防selective screening 选择性筛查sensitive 敏感性severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS 严重急性呼吸道综合症sexually transmitted diseases, STDs 性传播性疾病sexually transmitted infections, STIs 性传播性感染sickness 患病sickness impact profile, SIP 疾病影响量表single cause/single effect 单因单果social 社会social activity capability, SAC 社会活动social capital 社会资本social class 社会阶层social determinant for health 健康社会决定因素social engineering 社会工程social equity 社会公平性social factor 社会因素social functioning, SF 社会功能social interaction 社会互动状况social medicine 社会医学social problem 社会问题social support 社会支持social vulnerable group 社会弱势群体social well-being 社会良好social/family well-being 社会/家庭状况sociopathy 社会病specific 特异性spiritualism medical model 神灵主义医学模式split-half reliability 折半信度strain 紧张stress 压力stress management 压力管理stress reaction 压力反应stressor 压力源structured interview 结构式访谈subculture 亚文化substances 成瘾物质suicide 自杀supplier 药物和机械、设备供应商surveillance of disease 疾病监测sustainable development 可持续发展Ttertiary prevention 三级预防test-retest reliability 复测信度the MOS 36-item short form health survey, SF-36 36调目简明健康量表the European organization for research and 欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织treatment of cancer, EORTCthe 35-item QOL questionnaire, QOL-35 中国人生活质量普适量表the WHO quality of life assessment instrument, 卫生组织生存质量测定量表WHOQOLthe world organization of national colleges, 世界全科医师/家庭医师学会academies and academic associations of generalpractitioners/family physicians, WONCAthird party 第三方two pronged strategy 双向策略Uunintentional injury 意外伤害united nations children fund 联合国儿童基金会united nations international children emergency 联合国国际儿童紧急救援基金会fund, UNICEFurban health and poverty project, UHPP 城市社区卫生服务与贫困救助项目useful 实用性Vvalid 有效性validity 效度venereal disease 性病visual analogue scale, V AS 视觉模拟尺度vitality, VT 活力Voodoo death 伏都死Wwhole-person care 人格化服务withdrawal symptoms 戒断症状world bank, WB 世界银行world health organization WHO 世界卫生组织Yyears lived with disability, YLD 伤残损失健康生命年years of life lost, YLL 死亡损失健康生命年。