杭州名校真题系列：2016-2017八上期末江干区统考

单词拼写余杭区1. The restaurant has the w service of the three. Many people don’t want to go there.2. The little girl are looking forward to h from her friend soon.3. Problems and worries are n in life. We should not run away from them.4. I h out in the park with my close friend yesterday. It was really relaxing.5. Don’t go to school or go to work w breakfast. It’s not good for our healthy.6. What can we do to help the poor children? We should take it s .7. Remember to take this medicine only o a day after meals.8. T the old man lives alone, he is happy.9. Ellen is t . She can sing, dance and paint very well.10. “Help y to some chicken.” Alice said to us.下沙1. Sunshine Cinema is the c to my home. It’s just next to my house.2. Tom isn’t leaving u next Monday.3. Uncle Wang often tells j to make us laugh.4. My grandpa often dresses h up as Santa Clause on Christmas Day.5. The w always gets a very good prize in the talent show.6. How much should he pay? That’s up to him to d !7. Miss Smith is very kind to her students. She t cares about them.8. Chairman Xi attended(出席) the o ceremony of G20 in Hangzhou.9. ---That’s Tara, i it?---No, it’s Tina.10. If the others don’t want to come, we will go w them.西湖区1. In Hangzhou, which movie t has the biggest IMAX screen?2. I can do it m . Don’t worry. It’s OK for me.3. Some think the game Pokeman Go is great, but others don’t. Which side do you a ?4. ---How much h do you need for this fruit salad?---One spoon.5. Be careful. Don’t make this kind of c mistakes any more.6. W Mrs. Wu’s help, we can’t work it out so quickly.7. The air pollution this year in Hangzhou is becoming b than it was last year.8. A many people didn’t believe Trump could win, he made it in the end.9. Just speak q . Dad is sleeping in the next room.10. The Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui first a in Rio 2016 and soon became a popular star.上城区1. Tim is in bed with a t of 40℃, and he needs a good rest.2. Once flying to the moon was i for people and few people believed that, however, people now can take a rocket to reach there.3. Leo likes computer science very much, and he learns it all by h in his spare time.4. Lisa is going to spend the vacation in a village so she can enjoy herself q .5. According to a survey, more than 40 p of Chinese cities are facing the hazy(雾霾) weather every year.6. I w if I could pass the exam. Luckily, Mr Lee told me I did it.7. If buildings fall down with people i , fire fighters come to save the people under the building.8. Mark is going to study history at a u after he finishes high school.9. Sam h around the West Lake with his friend yesterday, enjoying the beauty of the lake.10. I’d like to find a friend who is s to me and we can have something in common.语法填空余杭区Nowadays Wechat(微信) is more and more. I often talk to my English friends on Wechat to help me speak English (good) than before. And I can read lots of (information) on Wechat that can make me know more around. Some news also makes me become more careful. Sometimes I feel Wechat is like mirror that helps me see something (clear).now, Wechat brings me some trouble as well. Some friends put photos of the real things on Wechat to tell what they sell is really good. I am angry about (that) advertisements(广告). Because some of them may be not true. As a (say) goes, seeing is believing. I know people are cheated(被欺骗) by some news easily. What’s worse, some news always ask us (send) it to others. This (make) me not comfortable! Friends seem to become enemies! In fact, I am thinking about never using Wechat on my phone again because using it too much is bad my eyes.下沙To: ClassSubject: An InvitationDear classmates,I am glad to tell you a piece of good news. We will hold a classmate party the evening of Friday, August 18th. Would you like (come)?We (have) the party in Sunshine Restaurant. It starts at 6 in the evening. A lot of classmates will come on time.(one), we will have buffet(自助餐). You can taste delicious Chinese food. If you like western food (good), there are also all kinds of Spaghetti, sandwiches and steaks. And we have ice-cream some fantastic drinks.At the party, you can enjoy beautiful music by our classmates, exciting street dances by some boys, and wonderful performances by a famous (magic). There will be a talent show, too. Everyone who takes part in the party will get small gift. Please don’t be late for the party.We are looking forward to (see) you soon.Best wishes!(you) sincerely,Cindy西湖区How does technology(科技) change lives? Many think it is great. For most people, technology means you can do (much) in less time and have fun while doing it. Here’s one example.People make letters with smoke from airplanes. People can see the letters from the streets, buildings and places far from the sky. It’s called skywriting. It (begin) in England. In 1922, the (one) words written in the sky over America were “Hello USA”. That year skywriting began to be used for advertising. It kept popular until the 1950s. It’s difficult to put a message the sky. The pilot must count numbers to know when to turn the smoke on and off. Wind moves the letters, so the pilot (watch) their shadows on the ground or their (shape) in the sky. If it’s a (snow) day, the pilot in the plane can’t see the white letters, we on the ground can see them in the sky. People are so (create) to have romantic time!However, for some people, technology can be so much more than just for fun. It can change(they) lives. Most believe tomorrow’s technology comes out right side up!上城区Tony: What a delicious smell! Your pizza looks so nice.Betty: Thanks! I’m preparing for the party. Many friends will come here. It is a big event for(we).Tony: Exactly!Bob: What are those on top?Betty: Oh, they’re cheese and (tomato). Do you want to try a piece?Bob: Ugh! No, thanks. I’m afraid I don’t like cheese, it smells too strong.Betty: Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. Have a try!Bob: I love them! They taste (real) sweet and they feel soft in the middle.Tony: Are you cooking lots of different things? You look very busy!Betty:Yes, I am! you know, t here’s a lot of food to prepare before the party. There’s some pizza and some cookies, and now I’m(make) an apple pie and a cake.Bob: Apple pie sounds nice. Shall I get the sugar?Betty:Yes, please. Oh, are you sure that’s sugar? Taste it (one). It might be salt!Bob: No, it’s OK. It tastes sweet. It’s sugar.Tony: What’s this? It tastes sweet, .Betty:That’s strawberry jam, for the cake.Bob: Good, everything tastes so sweet! It’s my (luck) day!Betty&Tony: Haha. No sweet sweat(汗水).完形填空余杭区“Who needs a shopping center if you have Taobao?" says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing. Taobao is 1 online shopping site in China. It has become an important part of Wang Lin's life. She 2 lots of money buying the things she likes on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users 3 Wang Lin have found the fun of online shopping. They don’t have to spend a lot of time going to the shops. Just click the mouse, they can find almost 4 they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.5 online shoppers are students or young workers. More women6 on line than men. According to a survey,7 and household things are the most popular on their shopping list. “People like to buy clothes online8 they can often buy the clothes at a very good price.” Wang Lin Says. Taobao means “9 treasure” in Chinese.The most important 10 for an online shopper is the November 11th -Singles’ Day shopping festival. At first, it is 11 a day to celebrate being single, but now, it means the biggest online promotion(促销) in China. Online shoppers from 217 countries outside China 12 the shopping festival.You 13 worried about the security(安全性) of online shopping. Wang Lin said, “Unless you receive the products from the sellers and are satisfied with them, the shop owner 14 the money. You can 15 get your money back if you want to return the products."( )1. A. the poorest B. the simplest C. the largest D. the smartest( )2. A. spends B. pays C. costs D. takes( )3. A. of B. with C. at D. like( )4. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( )5. A. All B. Most C. A little D. Few( )6. A. discuss B. promise C. shop D. accept( )7. A. clothes B. toys C. books D. food( )8. A. so B. though C. because D. until( )9. A. looking after B. looking for C. looking out D. looking forward to( )10. A. rule B. time C. way D. person( )11. A. quite B. certainly C. pretty D. just( )12. A. refused B. chose C. expected D. joined( )13. A. may be B. can C. should be D. must( )14. A. will get B. will pay C. won’t get D. won’t pay( )15. A. also B. too C. either D. so far下沙Delia was a young pianist. Her husband, Joe, was a young artist. Each of them was taking lessons: Joe with a famous art teacher, and Delia with a great pianist from Germany. Their teachers were the very best, so lessons were 1 , more than they could really afford, but… when you love your art, 2 is too much.But soon the money began to run out, and they couldn’t afford the lessons any more. Then one day Delia came back home and told Joe that she had met a man whose daughter, Sally, wanted to learn the piano, and he was going to 3 her $50 an hour.“Delia,”Joe said, “I’ll be much 4 if you keep up your lessons,” Delia said it didn’t matter. “When I’ve had some money, I’ll go on with it.” But Joe also 5 his lessons to draw pictures and sell them.A few days later, Joe came home and 6 took $200 from his pocket. “I met a man from Vermont,” he said, “and h 7 one of my pictures. And he wants to buy more!”So the two of them were very happy. They didn’t have to worry any more about 8 .One day, Joe came home and saw that Delia’s hand was wrapped in a bandage(绷带). He asked her what had happened. “Oh,”said Delia, “my student, Sally, asked me to make some coffee for her.I dropped the coffee and burned my 9 . Sally went straight to the drugstore and got this bandage for me. ”“Delia, 10 have you been doing these days?”Joe asked. She tried not to tell him, but the tears 11 . “Oh Joe, I couldn’t get any students, so I worked as a waitress in a restaurant. Today, I burned my hand with hot water. So I can’t work any more. 12 we’ll still have money from the man in Vermont, won’t we?”Joe looked at her. “There’s13 man in Vermont, ”he said. “I’ve been working in a 14 and today someone came in to buy bandages 15 a woman who’s burned her hand. So when I saw you, well, I guessed. ”Looking at each other, they both laughed.( )1. A. expensive B. cheap C. low D. high( )2. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything( )3. A. lend B. pay C. cost D. get( )4. A. sadder B. poorer C. happier D. richer( )5. A. lasted B. kept C. held D. stopped( )6. A. angrily B. excitedly C. quietly D. loudly( )7. A. bought B. brought C. saw D. borrowed( )8. A. pictures B. money C. jobs D. lessons( )9. A. leg B. hand C. arm D. face( )10. A. why B. where C. what D. how( )11. A. went B. disappeared C. arrived D. came( )12. A. So B. And C. But D. Or( )13. A. some B. a C. no D. another( )14. A. store B. school C. restaurant D. cinema( )15. A. from B. by C. for D. of西湖区It was still in deep night, everything seemed to be the same as usual.“Tommy!” called a clear little voice. Tommy 1 and sat up in bed. At the foot of the bed stood a boy about his own age, all dressed in 2 , like fresh snow. He had very bright eyes, and he 3 Tommy straightly. “Who are you?” asked Tommy.“I am the New Year!” said the boy. “This is my day, and I bring 4 your leaves.”“What leaves?” asked Tommy.“The new ones, to be sure!” said the New Year. “I hear 5 words of you from my Daddy...”“ 6 is your Daddy?” asked Tommy.“The Old Year, of course!” said the boy. “He said you asked too many questions and I see he was right. And one day you 7 your book into the fire. Now, all this 8 stop.”“Oh, must it?” said Tommy. He felt 9 , and didn’t know just what to say.“10 it does not stop,” the boy said, “you will grow 11 every year, till you grow up into a Terrible Man. Do you want to be a Terrible Man?”“N-no!” said Tommy.“Then you must stop being a terrible boy!” said the New Year. “Take your 12 !” and he held out a book made of leaves, all white.“Turn over one of these every day,” he said, “and soon you will be a good boy instead of a bad one.” Tommy took the leaves and looked at them. 13 each leaf were a few words. On one it said, “Help your mother!” On 14 , “Don’t eat so much!” And on still another, “Don’t fight Billy Jenkins!”“Oh!” cried Tommy. “I have to fight Billy Jenkins! He said ...”“Goodbye!”said the New Year. “I shall come 15 when I am old to see whether you are a good boy or a terrible one. Remember, ‘Terrible boy makes Terrible man’.”( )1. A. stood B. woke C. played D. walked( )2. A. red B. blue C. black D. white( )3. A. looked for B. looked at C. looked after D. looked down( )4. A. you B. me C. her D. him( )5. A. nice B. beautiful C. bad D. interesting( )6. A. How B. What C. Where D. Who( )7. A. threw B. bought C. left D. read( )8. A. might B. would C. could D. must( )9. A. happy B. interested C. brave D. afraid( )10. A. And B. If C. Though D. So( )11. A. taller B. worse C. super D. clever( )12. A. messages B. leaves C. exam D. exercise( )13. A. On B. Between C. From D. Beside( )14. A. other B. the other C. another D. others( )15. A. finally B. once C. too D. again上城区It started in kindergarten. I always climbed up to reach the books about the world and take them 1 the bookshelves to read. I noticed maps of oceans, countries, lakes and people. I made my 2 . I am going to see the world!Through 3 and amazing chances that came my way, I began to see the world. In South America, I walked through rainforests with mountains, animal life, and it really 4 a lot! Africa has a lot of languages among the people who live in cities and villages. I thought that Big Ben was a huge person 5 I saw it in Europe. Going to the top of the Eiffel Tower was exciting and fun. There I can find the people below look so small! I 6 different time zones(时区) and going from summer to winter. Asia was 7 when I became interested in the pandas. And it was a great chance to realize that animals big and small need the help of people like you and me. 8 , in Thailand, it was the elephants. I went to the “elephant camp” and 9 the elephants learn team-building. I was taking a boat trip in South America when offered the ticket to fly to Antarctica. It took me only one second to say 10 on the phone!My dream to visit all over the world became-reality!( )1. A. off B. for C. with D. out( )2. A. reason B. suggestion C. resolution D. diary( )3. A. advice B. travel C. games D. play( )4. A. snowed B. poured C. blew D. flew( )5. A. until B. if C. though D. after( )6. A. went in B. went along C. went through D. went over( )7. A. special B. common C. modern D. traditional( )8. A. First B. Before C. Finally D. Then( )9. A. showed B. caught C. watched D. joined( )10. A. sorry B. well C. no D. yes阅读理解余杭区Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st - January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and the may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!( )1. The reading is mainly about .A. the meaning of “Have New Year”B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Year’s DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Year’s Day( )2. From this passage we know that .A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morningB. the western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s DayC. people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st - January 1stD. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year( )3. In some culture, people throw things into rivers or seas to .A. bring good luckB. keep away bad luckC. forget everythingD. plan for the next year( )4. To welcome a lucky new year, .A. some people say special things on New Year’s DayB. some families make many big dolls and beat themC. some people cook many pancakes on New Year’s DayD. people in Europe eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day( )5. When eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day, people think .A. one pea brings on day of luckB. black-eyed peas are the best medicineC. the peas are too black and taste badD. the peas are helpful to count numbers( )6. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)Jenny Williams was a strange little girl. She liked to spend her time alone eating chocolate. Her parents were worried,so they took all the chocolate away.Jenny left her house to look for some chocolate. She found a small house full of glasses. Among all the glasses, a blue glass caught Jenny's attention. It was full of chocolate. There was also a card in it, saying,“Tears for chocolate."Jenny was very excited. She took the blue glass and ran out of the house to look for someone crying. First, she met a little boy crying hard,and she collected his tears. The tears were quickly changed into chocolate. While Jenny was collecting the tears, she comforted the boy. Finally, the boy stopped crying and they had a fun time together.Later, Jenny met a woman who had broken some plates and an old man who couldn’t find his dog. They were so sad that their tears could not help falling down. Jenny tried her best to make them happy and forgot to collect their tears.Soon, Jenny realized that making people happy was even more important than finding chocolate. So she stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people. As a result, she became friends with them and lived a much happier life than before.( )1. Jenny Williams was a strange girl because .A. she often cried when she was aloneB. she liked to collect chocolate very muchC. she liked to be alone eating chocolateD. she was helpful and liked to help others.( )2. There was and a lot of chocolate i the blue glass.A. tearsB. a cardC. a candyD. a plate( )3. What does the underlined word ‘comforted’ in the third paragraph mean?A. 安慰B. 责备C. 担心D. 鼓励( )4. Which of the following is the correct order about Jenny?①Jenny tried her best to comfort the woman and the old man.②Jenny found a blue glass of chocolate in a small house full of glass.③Jenny stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people.④Jenny met a little boy crying hard, and she collected his tears.⑤Jenny took the blue glass and ran out of the house to collect tears.A.2-3-5-4-1B. 5-4-2-1-3C. 2-5-4-1-3D. 5-4-1-2-3( )5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Chocolate is so delicious that we should eat more.B. It was fantastic that tears became chocolate.C. Jenny’s parents were happy about what she did.D. We will be much happier when we make others happy.上城区All kinds of animals can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the ways dogs bark to give warnings or to be friendly. But did you know about infrasonic(次声的) communication used by elephants? This is how it works: Humans hear low sounds like the notes in music or birds singing in the sky. But we don’t hear sounds lower than these. However, animals such as elephants and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans can. And what’s more, they can make lower sounds as well, and they use them to communicate with each other. This is known as infrasound(次声).Another amazing thing about infrasound is that it travels over several kilometers. Sounds which have a higher pitch(音高), like the ones people can hear, don’t travel well through walls, leaves, trees, and other materials. That is why we can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away. But infrasound is much “stronger”, and things like grass and trees have no effect on it. Therefore, it can travel much farther. Elephants can hear infrasonic calls from 4 kilometers away!There have been reports of people watching groups of elephants feeding or resting and then the elephants suddenly all stopped whatever they were doing for no reason at all. They obviouslyheard a warning call from a long way away, but the people didn’t hear a sound. In places like a zoo or wildlife park, where you can get nearer to animals, it is easier to sense when infrasonic sounds are made. When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo, you may notice a slight rumbling(隆隆声) in the air every few minute - not loud or strong, but clearly noticeable. This is infrasonic communication - the mother elephants are “talking” to their babies.( )1. The writer mentions bees and dogs .A. as examples of animal communicationB. because they use infrasonic communicationC.because scientists want to learn how they communicateD. to explain that animals use the same way to communicate( )2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Humans can hear infrasonic calls.B. Only elephants can hear infrasound.C. Infrasound is lower than musical notes.D. Some animals can’t hear human sounds.( )3. People can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away because .A. the sounds don’t travel wellB. people can’t feel the soundsC. the sounds are too much lowD. people can’t understand them( )4. Which statement is True according to the passage?A. People can’t hear or feel infrasonic sounds.B. Infrasound can’t travel through grass and trees.C. Elephants can hear a call from forty kilometers away.D. People may feel infrasonic sounds when getting close.( )5. What is the passage mainly about?A. Animals understand human sounds.B. Some animals can speak using words.C. Animals hear low sounds like music notes.D. Some animals use infrasound to communicate.。

八年级（上）英语（R）杭州市江干区期末统考卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟班级___________姓名___________学号___________一、单项填空（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）（）16.This is not my dictionary.I left___________at home.A.hisB.hersC.mineD.yours（）17.—What can I do to stay healthy?—___________you do more exercise,such as running and walking,you will make it.A.IfB.WhileC.BeforeD.Unless（）18.I’m interested in animals,so I___________every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A.getB.spendC.payD.take（）19.—Did you hear about Because of You,one of the___________English songs?—Yes.It sounds so beautiful!A.popularB.more popularC.least popularD.most popular（）20.—Can you come to my house for my birthday party?—___________,but I have to meet my parents in the airport.A.It’s kind of youB.Of courseC.That’s rightD.I’d love to二、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分）。

通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2016学年第一学期学业水平测试八年级思想品德﹒历史与社会答案一、选择题（每小题2分，共56分。

请选出各题中一个最符合题意的正确选项，不选、多选、错选均不给分）二、非选择题（第29题10分、第30题12分、第31题12分、第32题10分，共44分）。

29．(1)秦灭六国完成统一（1分）秦始皇（秦王嬴政）（1分）统一的中央集权政治制度（1分）（2）科举考试制度（1分）科举制是一种相对公平的选拔制度，为读书人创造了相对平等的竞争机会，为社会发展提供了更多的人才。

（2分）（3）雕版印刷、活字印刷（2分）雕版印刷术的发明，对于人类文化的保存、传播和发展起到了重大作用；活字印刷术大大促进了文化的传播。

（2分）30．（1）张骞；马可·波罗。

（2分）（2）佛教（2分）；文化在传播时要受到当地历史文化传统和当地自然条件的影响(或文化的多样性)。

（2分）（3）经济重心的南移或江南经济的开发。

（2分）（4）相同点：都促进了经济文化的交流。

（2分）不同点：丝绸之路陆路传播、京杭大运河水路传播；丝绸之路沟通中西文明、京杭大运河促进国内南北方文明交流等等。

（2分）31．（1）铁农具和牛耕的推广所带来的生产力水平的提高。

（2分）（2）曲辕犁；筒车；唐朝；开元盛世。

（4分）（3）坊市格局被打破，商业活动不再受区域、时间限制；城市商业贸易更加繁荣，普遍出现夜市和早市；出现了纸币──交子、最早的商标、广告；集市逐渐形成；随着经济的的发展，兴起了大量的手工业、商业城镇。

（写出两点即得2分）新气象出现的主要原因在于宋朝社会经济的发展。

（2分）（4）生产工具（或技术）的改进能推动经济的发展、社会的进步；生产工具（或农具）的改进带来盛世局面。

科学技术是第一生产力；要坚持把发展科技（创新）放在首位等等。

符合题意即可。

（2分，写出一条即可）32.（1）材料说明网络交往有诸多益处，它能使我们获得知识和能力，丰富我们的人生经验；（1分）漫画说明了沉迷网络对青少年的不良影响。

八年级（上）英语（R）杭州市江干区期末统考卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟班级___________姓名___________学号___________一、单项填空（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）（）16.This is not my dictionary.I left___________at home.A.hisB.hersC.mineD.yours（）17.—What can I do to stay healthy?—___________you do more exercise,such as running and walking,you will make it.A.IfB.WhileC.BeforeD.Unless（）18.I’m interested in animals,so I___________every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A.getB.spendC.payD.take（）19.—Did you hear about Because of You,one of the___________English songs?—Yes.It sounds so beautiful!A.popularB.more popularC.least popularD.most popular（）20.—Can you come to my house for my birthday party?—___________,but I have to meet my parents in the airport.A.It’s kind of youB.Of courseC.That’s rightD.I’d love to二、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分）。

通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市江干区八年级（上）期末化学试卷一、选择题（每题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．（3分）下列错误实验操作，需要补充仪器才能改正的是（）A．滴加液体B．振荡试管C．加热固体D．过滤2．（3分）对下列物质进行归类，正确的是（）A．垂体、甲状腺、唾液腺都属于内分泌腺B．食盐水、碳棒、橡皮都属于导体C．硫酸铜、云母、食盐都属于晶体D．碘酒、牛奶、可乐都属于溶液3．（3分）下列关于溶液的说法正确的是（）A．溶液是无色透明的，无色透明的液体不一定都是溶液B．溶液体积等于溶质和溶剂体积之和C．浓溶液是饱和溶液，饱和溶液不一定都是溶液D．温度会影响固体溶解度大小，搅拌不会增大固体溶解度4．（3分）如图（1）表示甲、乙量固体物质的溶解度随温度变化的情况；图（2）表示A、B试管中分别盛有甲、乙量固体的饱和溶液，试管底部均有未溶解的固体，向烧杯中加入一种物质，发现A试管中固体增多，B试管中固体减少，则加入的物质是（）A．硝酸铵固体B．氯化钠C．氢氧化钠固体D．生石灰5．（3分）将某温度下热的硝酸钾饱和溶液逐渐冷却至室温，下列有量随时间变化趋势的图象不正确的是（）A．B．C．D．6．（3分）碳酸饮料（汽水）类产品是指在一定条件下充入二氧化碳气体的饮料，如图是一瓶喝剩下的汽水，瓶壁上还附有许多气泡，振荡一下，一些气泡就会离开瓶壁，上浮，最后露出水面消失．下列说法中有科学道理的是（）A．打开瓶盖时，有大量气泡冒出是由于温度升高气体溶解度减小引起的B．振荡前该饮料是二氧化碳的不饱和溶液C．瓶壁上气泡一定受到浮力的作用，且气泡受到的浮力等于气泡的重力，所以没有上浮D．气泡在上升的过程中，气泡逐渐变大，所受的浮力也逐渐变大二、填空题（本大题共10分）7．（6分）KCl在不同温度下溶解度的数据如表：（1）60℃时，100g水中最多可溶解KCl g．（2）90℃时，100g饱和KCl溶液冷却到30℃时，溶液的质量100g（选填“＞”、“＜”或“=”）（3）40℃时，KCl饱和溶液中溶质质量分数为；该溶液升温到60℃时，溶液属于溶液（选填“饱和”或“不饱和”）．8．（4分）目前许多学校安装了直饮水机，其主要工作流程如图．（1）①中活性炭具有作用（2）直饮水机使用方便：只要将它与自来水管网对接，截留清除水中的有害物质（如细菌等），便得到直饮水，直饮水属于（选填“混合物”或“纯净物”）（3）水的净化：向浑蚀的天然水中加入明矾，静置一段时间后，取上层液体过滤，得到略带颜色的液体，实验中加入明矾的作用是促进了水中悬浮杂质的沉降．此过程是（选填“物理”或“化学”）变化．过滤操作中用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒、（填仪器名称）．三、实验探究题（本大题共6分）9．（6分）菊花的无土栽培营养液主要成分如配方表所示：现在要按以上配方配制约5升的菊花栽培营养液，实验步骤如下：（1）计算：分别算出各种成分所需质量，如硫酸钾m=毫克．（2）称量：用天平（托盘天平或电子天平）称出各成分质量．（3）溶解：将称得的物质倒入烧杯中，加入少量水，用搅拌，完全溶解后再将其倒入5升的容量瓶中（一种专用于配溶液的容器），再用少量蒸馏水洗涤烧杯内壁2﹣3次，洗涤液全部转入到容量瓶中，再向容量瓶中加入蒸馏水，液面离容量瓶颈刻度线下1﹣2cm时，改用滴加蒸馏水至液面与刻度线相切．（4）装瓶：将容量瓶中配好的溶液全部倒入特定塑料桶中待用反思与评价：步骤3中，如果缺少“再用少量蒸馏水洗涤烧杯内壁2﹣3次”这步骤则配出的营养液浓度将（偏高、偏低或不影响）．如果步骤4中有部分溶液不小心洒出，则配出的营养液浓度（偏高、偏低或不影响）．四、解答题10．（5分）杭晖中学每年在开学前都要对教室进行消毒处理，现医务室购买了一桶消毒剂，上标有“20升，1.1克/厘米3，20%”的字样．问：（1）这一桶消毒剂的溶液质量是多少？消毒剂中含溶质质量是多少？（2）学校内共有房间40间，每间要用去2%的消毒液约2千克，则至少需要从桶中取出多少千克消毒液再加上多少水才能配出所需的量．2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市江干区八年级（上）期末化学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（每题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．（3分）下列错误实验操作，需要补充仪器才能改正的是（）A．滴加液体B．振荡试管C．加热固体D．过滤【解答】解：A、使用胶头滴管滴加少量液体时，注意胶头滴管不能伸入到试管内或接触试管内壁。

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单词拼写余杭区1. The restaurant has the w service of the three. Many people don’t want to go there.2. The little girl are looking forward to h from her friend soon.3. Problems and worries are n in life. We should not run away from them.4. I h out in the park with my close friend yesterday. It was really relaxing.5. Don’t go to school or go to work w breakfast. It’s not good for our healthy.6. What can we do to help the poor children? We should take it s .7. Remember to take this medicine only o a day after meals.8. T the old man lives alone, he is happy.9. Ellen is t . She can sing, dance and paint very well.10. “Help y to some chicken.” Alice said to us.下沙1. Sunshine Cinema is the c to my home. It’s just next to my house.2. Tom isn’t leaving u next Monday.3. Uncle Wang often tells j to make us laugh.4. My grandpa often dresses h up as Santa Clause on Christmas Day.5. The w always gets a very good prize in the talent show.6. How much should he pay? That’s up to him to d !7. Miss Smith is very kind to her students. She t cares about them.8. Chairman Xi attended(出席) the o ceremony of G20 in Hangzhou.9. ---That’s Tara, i it?---No, it’s Tina.10. If the others don’t want to come, we will go w them.西湖区1. In Hangzhou, which movie t has the biggest IMAX screen?2. I can do it m . Don’t worry. It’s OK for me.3. Some think the game Pokeman Go is great, but others don’t. Which side do you a ?4. ---How much h do you need for this fruit salad?---One spoon.5. Be careful. Don’t make this kind of c mistakes any more.6. W Mrs. Wu’s help, we can’t work it out so quickly.7. The air pollution this year in Hangzhou is becoming b than it was last year.8. A many people didn’t believe Trump could win, he made it in the end.9. Just speak q . Dad is sleeping in the next room.10. The Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui first a in Rio 2016 and soon became a popular star.上城区1. Tim is in bed with a t of 40℃, and he needs a good rest.2. Once flying to the moon was i for people and few people believed that, however, people now can take a rocket to reach there.3. Leo likes computer science very much, and he learns it all by h in his spare time.4. Lisa is going to spend the vacation in a village so she can enjoy herself q .5. According to a survey, more than 40 p of Chinese cities are facing the hazy(雾霾) weather every year.6. I w if I could pass the exam. Luckily, Mr Lee told me I did it.7. If buildings fall down with people i , fire fighters come to save the people under the building.8. Mark is going to study history at a u after he finishes high school.9. Sam h around the West Lake with his friend yesterday, enjoying the beauty of the lake.10. I’d like to find a friend who is s to me and we can have something in common.语法填空余杭区Nowadays Wechat(微信) is more and more. I often talk to my English friends on Wechat to help me speak English (good) than before. And I can read lots of (information) on Wechat that can make me know more around. Some news also makes me become more careful. Sometimes I feel Wechat is like mirror that helps me see something (clear).now, Wechat brings me some trouble as well. Some friends put photos of the real things on Wechat to tell what they sell is really good. I am angry about (that) advertisements(广告). Because some of them may be not true. As a (say) goes, seeing is believing. I know people are cheated(被欺骗) by some news easily. What’s worse, some news always ask us (send) it to others. This (make) me not comfortable! Friends seem to become enemies! In fact, I am thinking about never using Wechat on my phone again because using it too much is bad my eyes.下沙To: ClassSubject: An InvitationDear classmates,I am glad to tell you a piece of good news. We will hold a classmate party the evening of Friday, August 18th. Would you like (come)?We (have) the party in Sunshine Restaurant. It starts at 6 in the evening. A lot of classmates will come on time.(one), we will have buffet(自助餐). You can taste delicious Chinese food. If you like western food (good), there are also all kinds of Spaghetti, sandwiches and steaks. And we have ice-cream some fantastic drinks.At the party, you can enjoy beautiful music by our classmates, exciting street dances by some boys, and wonderful performances by a famous (magic). There will be a talent show, too. Everyone who takes part in the party will get small gift. Please don’t be late for the party.We are looking forward to (see) you soon.Best wishes!(you) sincerely,Cindy西湖区How does technology(科技) change lives? Many think it is great. For most people, technology means you can do (much) in less time and have fun while doing it. Here’s one example.People make letters with smoke from airplanes. People can see the letters from the streets, buildings and places far from the sky. It’s called skywriting. It (begin) in England. In 1922, the (one) words written in the sky over America were “Hello USA”. That year skywriting began to be used for advertising. It kept popular until the 1950s. It’s difficult to put a message the sky. The pilot must count numbers to know when to turn the smoke on and off. Wind moves the letters, so the pilot (watch) their shadows on the ground or their (shape) in the sky. If it’s a (snow) day, the pilot in the plane can’t see the white letters, we on the ground can see them in the sky. People are so (create) to have romantic time!However, for some people, technology can be so much more than just for fun. It can change (they) lives. Most believe tomorrow’s technology comes out right side up!上城区Tony: What a delicious smell! Your pizza looks so nice.Betty: Thanks! I’m preparing for the party. Many friends will come here. It is a big event for(we).Tony: Exactly!Bob: What are those on top?Betty: Oh, they’re cheese and (tomato). Do you want to try a piece?Bob: Ugh! No, thanks. I’m afraid I don’t like cheese, it smells too strong.Betty: Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. Have a try!Bob: I love them! They taste (real) sweet and they feel soft in the middle.Tony: Are you cooking lots of different things? You look very busy!Betty:Yes, I am! you know, t here’s a lot of food to prepare before the party. There’s some pizza and some cookies, and now I’m(make) an apple pie and a cake.Bob: Apple pie sounds nice. Shall I get the sugar?Betty:Yes, please. Oh, are you sure that’s sugar? Taste it (one). It might be salt!Bob: No, it’s OK. It tastes sweet. It’s sugar.Tony: What’s this? It tastes sweet, .Betty:That’s strawberry jam, for the cake.Bob: Good, everything tastes so sweet! It’s my (luck) day!Betty&Tony: Haha. No sweet sweat(汗水).完形填空余杭区“Who needs a shopping center if you have Taobao?" says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing. Taobao is 1 online shopping site in China. It has become an important part of Wang Lin's life. She 2 lots of money buying the things she likes on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users 3 Wang Lin have found the fun of online shopping. They don’t have to spend a lot of time going to the shops. Just click the mouse, they can find almost 4 they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.5 online shoppers are students or young workers. More women6 on line than men. According to a survey,7 and household things are the most popular on their shopping list. “People like to buy clothes online8 they can often buy the clothes at a very good price.” Wang Lin Says. Taobao means “9 treasure” in Chinese.The most important 10 for an online shopper is the November 11th-Singles’Day shopping festival. At first, it is 11 a day to celebrate being single, but now, it means the biggest online promotion(促销) in China. Online shoppers from 217 countries outside China 12 the shopping festival.You 13 worried about the security(安全性) of online shopping. Wang Lin said, “Unless you receive the products from the sellers and are satisfied with them, the shop owner 14 the money. You can 15 get your money back if you want to return the products."( )1. A. the poorest B. the simplest C. the largest D. the smartest( )2. A. spends B. pays C. costs D. takes( )3. A. of B. with C. at D. like( )4. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( )5. A. All B. Most C. A little D. Few( )6. A. discuss B. promise C. shop D. accept( )7. A. clothes B. toys C. books D. food( )8. A. so B. though C. because D. until( )9. A. looking after B. looking for C. looking out D. looking forward to( )10. A. rule B. time C. way D. person( )11. A. quite B. certainly C. pretty D. just( )12. A. refused B. chose C. expected D. joined( )13. A. may be B. can C. should be D. must( )14. A. will get B. will pay C. won’t get D. won’t pay( )15. A. also B. too C. either D. so far下沙Delia was a young pianist. Her husband, Joe, was a young artist. Each of them was taking lessons: Joe with a famous art teacher, and Delia with a great pianist from Germany. Their teachers were the very best, so lessons were 1 , more than they could really afford, but…when you love your art, 2 is too much.But soon the money began to run out, and they couldn’t afford the lessons any more. Then one day Delia came back home and told Joe that she had met a man whose daughter, Sally, wanted to learn the piano, and he was going to 3 her $50 an hour.“Delia,”Joe said, “I’ll be much 4 if you keep up your lessons,”Delia said it didn’t matter. “When I’ve had some money, I’ll go on with it.” But Joe also 5 his lessons to draw pictures and sell them.A few days later, Joe came home and 6 took $200 from his pocket. “I met a man from Vermont,”he said, “and h 7 one of my pictures. And he wants to buy more!”So the two of them were very happy. They didn’t have to worry any more about 8 .One day, Joe came home and saw that Delia’s hand was wrapped in a bandage(绷带). He asked her what had happened. “Oh,”said Delia, “my student, Sally, asked me to make some coffee for her.I dropped the coffee and burned my 9 . Sally went straight to the drugstore and got this bandage for me. ”“Delia, 10 have you been doing these days?”Joe asked. She tried not to tell him, but the tears11 . “Oh Joe, I couldn’t get any students, so I worked as a waitress in a restaurant. Today,I burned my hand with hot water. So I can’t work any more. 12 we’ll still have money from the man in Vermont, won’t we?”Joe looked at her. “There’s13 man in Vermont, ”he said. “I’ve been working in a 14 and today someone came in to buy bandages 15 a woman who’s burned her hand. So when I saw you, well, I guessed. ”Looking at each other, they both laughed.( )1. A. expensive B. cheap C. low D. high( )2. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything( )3. A. lend B. pay C. cost D. get( )4. A. sadder B. poorer C. happier D. richer( )5. A. lasted B. kept C. held D. stopped( )6. A. angrily B. excitedly C. quietly D. loudly( )7. A. bought B. brought C. saw D. borrowed( )8. A. pictures B. money C. jobs D. lessons( )9. A. leg B. hand C. arm D. face( )10. A. why B. where C. what D. how( )11. A. went B. disappeared C. arrived D. came( )12. A. So B. And C. But D. Or( )13. A. some B. a C. no D. another( )14. A. store B. school C. restaurant D. cinema( )15. A. from B. by C. for D. of西湖区It was still in deep night, everything seemed to be the same as usual.“Tommy!” called a clear little voice. Tommy 1 and sat up in bed. At the foot of the bed stood a boy about his own age, all dressed in 2 , like fresh snow. He had very bright eyes, and he 3 Tommy straightly. “Who are you?” asked Tommy.“I am the New Year!” said the boy. “This is my day, and I bring 4 your leaves.”“What leaves?” asked Tommy.“The new ones, to be sure!” said the New Year. “I hear 5 words of you from my Daddy...”“ 6 is your Daddy?” asked Tommy.“The Old Year, of course!” said the boy. “He said you asked too many questions and I see he was right. And one day you 7 your book into the fire. Now, all this 8 stop.”“Oh, must it?” said Tommy. He felt 9 , and didn’t know just what to say.“10 it does not stop,” the boy said, “you will grow 11 every year, till you grow up into a Terrible Man. Do you want to be a Terrible Man?”“N-no!” said Tommy.“Then you must stop being a terrible boy!” said the New Year. “Take your 12 !” and he held out a book made of leaves, all white.“Turn over one of these every day,” he said, “and soon you will be a good boy instead of a bad one.”Tommy took the leaves and looked at them. 13 each leaf were a few words. On one it said, “Help your mother!” On 14 , “Don’t eat so much!” And on still another, “Don’t fight Billy Jenkins!”“Oh!” cried Tommy. “I have to fight Billy Jenkins! He said ...”“Goodbye!” said the New Year. “I shall come 15 when I am old to see whether you are a good boy or a terrible one. Remember, ‘Terrible boy makes Terrible man’.”( )1. A. stood B. woke C. played D. walked( )2. A. red B. blue C. black D. white( )3. A. looked for B. looked at C. looked after D. looked down( )4. A. you B. me C. her D. him( )5. A. nice B. beautiful C. bad D. interesting( )6. A. How B. What C. Where D. Who( )7. A. threw B. bought C. left D. read( )8. A. might B. would C. could D. must( )9. A. happy B. interested C. brave D. afraid( )10. A. And B. If C. Though D. So( )11. A. taller B. worse C. super D. clever( )12. A. messages B. leaves C. exam D. exercise( )13. A. On B. Between C. From D. Beside( )14. A. other B. the other C. another D. others( )15. A. finally B. once C. too D. again上城区It started in kindergarten. I always climbed up to reach the books about the world and take them 1the bookshelves to read. I noticed maps of oceans, countries, lakes and people. I made my 2 . I am going to see the world!Through 3 and amazing chances that came my way, I began to see the world. In South America, I walked through rainforests with mountains, animal life, and it really 4 a lot! Africa has a lot of languages among the people who live in cities and villages. I thought that Big Ben was a huge person 5 I saw it in Europe. Going to the top of the Eiffel Tower was exciting and fun. There I can find the people below look so small! I 6 different time zones(时区) and going from summer to winter. Asia was 7 when I became interested in the pandas. And it was a great chance to realize that animals big and small need the help of people like you and me. 8 , in Thailand, it was the elephants. I went to the “elephant camp” and 9 the elephants learn team-building. I was taking a boat trip in South America when offered the ticket to fly to Antarctica. It took me only one second to say 10 on the phone!My dream to visit all over the world became-reality!( )1. A. off B. for C. with D. out( )2. A. reason B. suggestion C. resolution D. diary( )3. A. advice B. travel C. games D. play( )4. A. snowed B. poured C. blew D. flew( )5. A. until B. if C. though D. after( )6. A. went in B. went along C. went through D. went over( )7. A. special B. common C. modern D. traditional( )8. A. First B. Before C. Finally D. Then( )9. A. showed B. caught C. watched D. joined( )10. A. sorry B. well C. no D. yes阅读理解余杭区Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st - January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and the may drink champagne （香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!( )1. The reading is mainly about .A. the meaning of “Have New Year”B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Year’s DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Year’s Day( )2. From this passage we know that .A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morningB. the western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s DayC. people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st - January 1stD. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year( )3. In some culture, people throw things into rivers or seas to .A. bring good luckB. keep away bad luckC. forget everythingD. plan for the next year( )4. To welcome a lucky new year, .A. some people say special things on New Year’s DayB. some families make many big dolls and beat themC. some people cook many pancakes on New Year’s DayD. people in Europe eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day( )5. When eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day, people think .A. one pea brings on day of luckB. black-eyed peas are the best medicineC. the peas are too black and taste badD. the peas are helpful to count numbers( )6. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)Jenny Williams was a strange little girl. She liked to spend her time alone eating chocolate. Her parents were worried,so they took all the chocolate away.Jenny left her house to look for some chocolate. She found a small house full of glasses. Among all the glasses, a blue glass caught Jenny's attention. It was full of chocolate. There was also a card in it, saying,“Tears for chocolate."Jenny was very excited. She took the blue glass and ran out of the house to look for someone crying. First, she met a little boy crying hard,and she collected his tears. The tears were quickly changed into chocolate. While Jenny was collecting the tears, she comforted the boy. Finally, the boy stopped crying and they had a fun time together.Later, Jenny met a woman who had broken some plates and an old man who couldn’t find his dog. They were so sad that their tears could not help falling down. Jenny tried her best to make them happy and forgot to collect their tears.Soon, Jenny realized that making people happy was even more important than finding chocolate. So she stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people. As a result, she became friends with them and lived a much happier life than before.( )1. Jenny Williams was a strange girl because .A. she often cried when she was aloneB. she liked to collect chocolate very muchC. she liked to be alone eating chocolateD. she was helpful and liked to help others.( )2. There was and a lot of chocolate i the blue glass.A. tearsB. a cardC. a candyD. a plate( )3. What does the underlined word ‘comforted’ in the third paragraph mean?A. 安慰B. 责备C. 担心D. 鼓励( )4. Which of the following is the correct order about Jenny?①Jenny tried her best to comfort the woman and the old man.②Jenny found a blue glass of chocolate in a small house full of glass.③Jenny stopped collecting tears and began to help sad people.④Jenny met a little boy crying hard, and she collected his tears.⑤Jenny took the blue glass and ran out of the house to collect tears.A.2-3-5-4-1B. 5-4-2-1-3C. 2-5-4-1-3D. 5-4-1-2-3( )5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Chocolate is so delicious that we should eat more.B. It was fantastic that tears became chocolate.C. Jenny’s parents were happy about what she did.D. We will be much happier when we make others happy.上城区All kinds of animals can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the ways dogs bark to give warnings or to be friendly. But did you know about infrasonic(次声的) communication used by elephants? This is how it works:Humans hear low sounds like the notes in music or birds singing in the sky. But we don’t hear sounds lower than these. However, animals such as elephants and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans can. And what’s more, they can make lower sounds as well, and they use them to communicate with each other. This is known as infrasound(次声).Another amazing thing about infrasound is that it travels over several kilometers. Sounds which have a higher pitch(音高), like the ones people can hear, don’t travel well through walls, leaves, trees, and other materials. That is why we can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away. But infrasound is much “stronger”, and things like grass and trees have no effect on it. Therefore, it can travel much farther. Elephants can hear infrasonic calls from 4 kilometers away!There have been reports of people watching groups of elephants feeding or resting and then the elephants suddenly all stopped whatever they were doing for no reason at all. They obviouslyheard a warning call from a long way away, but the people didn’t hear a sound. In places like a zoo or wildlife park, where you can get nearer to animals, it is easier to sense when infrasonic sounds are made. When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo, you maynotice a slight rumbling(隆隆声) in the air every few minute - not loud or strong, but clearly noticeable. This is infrasonic communication - the mother elephants are “talking” to their babies.( )1. The writer mentions bees and dogs .A. as examples of animal communicationB. because they use infrasonic communicationC.because scientists want to learn how they communicateD. to explain that animals use the same way to communicate( )2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Humans can hear infrasonic calls.B. Only elephants can hear infrasound.C. Infrasound is lower than musical notes.D. Some animals can’t hear human sounds.( )3. People can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away because .A. the sounds don’t travel wellB. people can’t feel the soundsC. the sounds are too much lowD. people can’t understand them( )4. Which statement is True according to the passage?A. People can’t hear or feel infrasonic sounds.B. Infrasound can’t travel through grass and trees.C. Elephants can hear a call from forty kilometers away.D. People may feel infrasonic sounds when getting close.( )5. What is the passage mainly about?A. Animals understand human sounds.B. Some animals can speak using words.C. Animals hear low sounds like music notes.D. Some animals use infrasound to communicate.。

2016—2017学年度第一学期期末测试卷八年级(初二)数学参考答案及评分意见一、选择题（本大题共8小题，每题3分，共24分）1．D ； 2．C ； 3．B ； 4．B ； 5．D ； 6．A ； 7．D ； 8．B ．二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每题3分，共18分）9．x ≠2； 10．1； 11．10； 12．130°； 13．（﹣1，0）；14．（0，2）或（0，﹣2）或（4，﹣2）．三、解答题（本大题共4小题，每题6分，共24分）15．解：（1）原式=﹣4b ·a 4b 2÷(﹣2a )……………1分 =2a 4－1b 1＋2……………2分 =2a 3b 3．……………3分 （2）原式=x [x (x －2y )＋y 2]……………1分 =x (x 2－2xy ＋y 2)……………2分 =x (x －y )2．……………3分 16．解：（1）原式=2(1)(1)1a a a a -+-+……………1分 =221111a a a a -+=++．……………2分 当a =99时，原式=11991100=+．……………3分 （2）方程两边同乘（x ＋1）(x －1)，得x (x ＋1)=3(x －1)＋(x ＋1)(x －1)．……………1分 解得x =2．……………2分 查验：当x =2时，（x ＋1）(x －1)≠0，∴x =2是原方程的解．……………3分 17．解：由题意，得60,80.x y xy --=⎧⎨+=⎩ ∴6,8.x y xy -=⎧⎨=-⎩……………2分 （1）原式=（x －y ）2＋2xy=62＋2×（﹣8）=20．……………4分 （2）原式=x 2＋y 2＋2xy －2(x －y )=20＋2×(﹣8)－2×6=﹣8．……………6分 18．（1）证：∵3×4=12，∴x a ·x b =x c ．……………1分 即x a ＋b =x c ． ∴a ＋b =c ．……………3分 （2）解：由（1）知a ＋b =c ，∴a －c =﹣b ．……………4分 ∴x a ＋3b －c =x 3b －b =x 2b =(x b )2=42=16．……………6分四、解答题（本大题共3小题，每题8分，共24分）19．解：（1）①a2＋2ab＋b2；②（a＋b）2 ……………2分等式是a2＋2ab＋b2=（a＋b）2 ……………4分（2）a2＋3ab＋2b2=(a＋2b)(a＋b) ……………6分对应的拼图是：……………8分20．解：（1）设每件乙种服装的进价为x元，每件甲种服装的进价为（x＋20）元，那么依照题意，得2000800220x x=⨯+，解得x=80．……………2分经查验知，x=80是方程的解，且适合题意，∴x＋20=100．……………3分∴每件甲种服装的进价为100元，每件乙种服装的进价为80元．……………4分（2）甲种服装的件数为2000÷100=20，乙种服装的件数为800÷80=10，……………5分设每件乙种服装的售价为y元，则依照题意，得20（130－100）＋10（y－80）≥780，………6分解得y≥98．……………7分∴每件乙种服装的售价至少是98元．……………8分21．证：（1）在AB上截取AG=AF，连接DG．∵AD平分∠BAC，∴∠DAF=∠DAG．∵AD=AD，∴△ADF≌△ADG．……………1分∴∠AFD=∠AGD，FD=GD．……………2分∵FD=BD，∴GD=BD，∴∠DGB=∠B．…………3分∵∠DGB＋∠AGD=180°．∴∠B＋∠AFD=180°．……………4分（2）AE=AF＋FD，其证明进程是：……………5分由（1）知∠B＋∠AFD=180°．∵∠B＋2∠DEA=180°．∴∠AFD=2∠DEA．……………6分在△DGE中，∠AGD=∠DEA＋∠EDG，且∠AGD =∠AFD．∴∠DEA=∠EDG．……………7分∴DG=EG=FD．∴AE=AG＋EG=AF＋FD．……………8分五、探讨题（本大题共1小题，共10分）22．解：（1）①CF=BD，CF⊥BD．……………2分②当点D在线段BC的延长线上时，所画如图2所示．…………3分①中的结论仍然成立，其理由是：……………4分在△ABC中，AB=AC，∠BAC=90°，∴∠ACB=∠B=45°．在△ADF中，AD=AF，∠DAF=90°，∴∠BAC＋∠CAD=∠DAF＋∠CAD，即∠BAD=∠CAF．∴△ACF≌△ABD．∴CF=BD．……………5分∴∠ACF=∠B=45°．∴∠FCB=∠ACF＋∠ACB=45°＋45°=90°．∴CF⊥BD．……………6分（2）CF⊥BC，其证明进程是：……………7分过A作AE⊥AC交BC于E，那么∠CAE=90°．∵∠ACB=45°，∴∠AEC=45°．∴△ACE是等腰直角三角形，∴AC=AE．……………8分在△ADF中，AD=AF，∠DAF=90°，∴∠F AD－∠CAD=∠CAE－∠CAD．即∠CAF=∠EAD．∴△ACF≌△AED．∴∠ACF=∠AED=45°．……………9分∴∠FCB=∠ACF＋∠ACB=45°＋45°=90°，∴CF⊥BC．……………10分。

2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市余杭区八年级（上）期末物理试卷一、选择题1．将塑料包装带撕成细丝后，上端打结，然后用干燥的丝绸或毛皮等顺着细丝向下捋几下，下图是各种实验结果的情形，其中实验结果不可能的是（）A．B．C．D．2．半潜船可用来运输超大型货物，空载时漂浮于海面（如图甲）；装载时需向船体水舱注水，船体重力增加，巨大的甲板下沉至海面以下（如图乙）；待货物被拖到甲板上方时，排出水舱中的水，船体重力减小，甲板上浮至海面，完成货物装载（如图丙）。

半潜船在甲、乙、丙三种状态时所受的浮力分别为F1、F2、F3，则以下判断正确的是（）A．F1＞F3＞F2B．F2＞F3＞F1C．F3＞F1＞F2D．F3＞F2＞F1 3．如图是研究并联电路电流特点的实物图，电源电压保持不变，先同时闭合开关S和S1，两灯均发光，观察并记录电流表示数后，断开开关S1，此时（）A．甲表示数不变，乙表示数变大B．甲表示数变小，乙表示数变大C．甲表示数变大，乙表示数不变D．甲表示数变小，乙表示数不变4．如图，在水中有一支试管处于悬浮状态。

现用细棒在试管上端轻轻往下按一下，则（）A．试管将下沉，最后沉底B．试管将上浮，最后漂浮C．试管先下沉，然后回到原来位置D．试管先下沉，接着在原位置附近上下振动5．将烧瓶内的水加热至沸腾后移去火焰，水会停止沸腾。

迅速塞上瓶塞，把烧瓶倒置并向瓶底浇冷水（如图），你会观察到烧瓶内的水又沸腾起来，产生这一现象的原因是（）A．瓶内气体温度升高，压强增大，水的沸点降低B．瓶内气体温度降低，压强减小，水的沸点降低C．瓶内气体温度降低，压强减小，水的沸点升高D．瓶内气体温度升高，压强减小，水的沸点升高6．某种电脑键盘清洁器有两个开关，开关S1只控制照明用的小灯泡L，开关S2只控制吸尘用的电动机M，在图所示的四个电路图中，符合上述要求的是（）A．B．C．D．7．学习了“流体压强与流速的关系”后，为了解决“H”形地下通道中过道的通风问题，同学们设计了如下几种方案。

2016-2017学年浙江省杭州市江干区下沙区八年级（上）期末物理试卷一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）1．（3分）下列对各图的描述中正确的是（）A．图一说明人的吸力能将牛奶吸入口中，并将牛奶盒吸扁B．图二马德堡半球实验证明了大气压的存在，也说明了大气压很大C．图三海里的章鱼的触手上有许多吸盘，这些吸盘在大气压的作用下捕捉猎物D．图四高压锅容易把饭做熟，是因为锅内气压高，沸点低2．（3分）如图所示，小应错把电流表当作电压表使用，此时若闭合开关，一定会发生（）A．电流表损坏B．电源短路C．L1不亮D．L2灯丝烧断3．（3分）弹簧测力计下挂一长方物体，将物体从盛有适量水的烧杯上方离水面某一高度处缓缓下降，然后将其逐渐进入水中如图（甲），图（乙）是弹簧测力计示数F与物体下降高度h变化关系的图象，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．物体的体积是500cm3B．物体受到的最大浮力是5NC．物体的密度是2.25×103kg/m3D．物体刚浸没时下表面受到水的压力是9N4．（3分）如图所示，电源电压4V，电阻R1=20Ω，滑动变阻器的最大阻值为50Ω．当滑动变阻器的滑片由中点向左移动时，下列说法正确的是（）A．电流表A1的示数变大B．电流表A的示数变大C．当电流表A的示数为0.3A时，滑动变阻器连入电路的有效阻值为40ΩD．滑片滑动过程中，电路的总电阻在45Ω～70Ω之间变化5．（3分）许多汽车顶部有一弧形天窗，打开时能够有效地使车内外空气流通。

当汽车行驶时按图示方式打开天窗，下面有关换气原理的描述正确的是（）A．车外气体流速大于车内，外部空气被压入B．车外气体流速大于车内，内部空气被压出C．车外气体流速小于车内，外部空气被压入D．车外气体流速小于车内，内部空气被压出6．（3分）端午节那天，小明发现煮熟的咸鸭蛋有的沉在水底，有的浮在水面（如图所示）．若甲的体积比乙小，则下列分析合理的是（）A．甲的质量比乙大B．甲受到的浮力等于重力C．甲的密度比乙大D．乙受到的浮力大于重力7．（3分）有一种“浴霸”，具有照明、吹风和加热三个功能，其中照明灯和吹风机（用表示），均可以单独控制，电热丝（用表示）只有在吹风机启动后才可以工作。