新视野商务英语视听说下册1-8单元video原文unit-4(参考文本)

Unit 4Task 2.2The Koreans aren’t concerned about how well planned a meeting is. They will not trust anything that doesn’t take years to build. For example, a strong relationship of 10 years is more important than a brand new office building or an impressive meeting. Trust is most important thing for them. They also seldom offer any opinions unless they are sure about what they want to say.Face is perhaps most important to the Japanese. For example, if you put pressure on a Japanese businessman at a meeting, he will respond with silence and your relationship is sure to be over even before the meeting finished. They will be more accepting of you if you learn to speak a little Japanese and look comfortable with their customs.Whenever there seems to be a business problem, the British will try to improve the situation by saying something amusing, but sometimes others don’t find this humour funny at all.Whenever you disagree with the French, they will enjoy arguing with you in a very lively way. They will offer you a business opportunity more quickly than people from other cultures, but they will change their minds at the last moment, if they feel that you are not doing business in a satisfactory way.Part 3.1Conversation 1A: I really think we need to get some people together to discuss this problem. If we don’t, it’ll just get worse.B: I believe you’re right, Leon. Who are you thinking of including?A: The Accountant, our Purchasing Manager, Tony, and of course you and me.B: All right, then. What are you going to tell them beforehand?A: I’ll give them this news report and the letter describing our problem. Do you think that’s OK?B: Yes, that’s fine. Let me know when and where.Conversation 2B: Good afternoon! I appreciate you all being here for this important meeting. Leon has asked you to join us to talk about the problem. You’ve a ll read the news report and the letter, so let’s get on with the discussion and try to solve the problem before it gets worse. Leon, could you start?Conversation 3A: Le t’s see, we’ll begin with my boss opening the meeting. He can remind everyone about the report and letter. Then we should have the Accountant report on the cheques that have been written. Following that, we’ll ask the Purchasing Manager to review the purch asing procedure. I’m sure my boss and Tony will have some questions then, so next we’ll have questions. Then, we can go on to a discussion. Finally, hopefully, we’ll make a decision and close the meeting. There, that should do it!Conversation 4A: Hello! Why don’t you sit here? Would you like a cup of coffee or tea?C: Thanks! Coffee, please.A: Good afternoon, Tony. Here’s a seat for you.B: Is everyone here yet?A: No, not quite. The accountant has still to come. Boss, here’s your coffee.B: Thanks. I want to get started on time.A: Yes, I know. I’m sure we will.Conversation 5D: Hello! Accountant’s Office.A: Hello! This is Leon. Our boss wants to call a meeting to discuss a particular problem. Can you make it tomorrow afternoon?D: Tomorrow afternoon? What time?A: He’d like to begin at 2:30, in the conference room.D: Yes. I think I can make it. I have a lunch meeting, but I’ll hurry back in time for the meeting.A: Good. I’ll bring the information to your office in a little while.D: Oh! OK. Thanks.Conversation 6B: So, from our discussion this afternoon, it sounds like what we need to do is to stop the payment on this cheque, and contact our lawyer. Is that the decision you all think we should make?C: I’ll begin looking for new suppliers. That seems to be important, as wall.B: Yes, it is. We must do that.D: I’ll call the bank immediately and stop payment.B: And, Tony, we’ll follow your advice and turn the rest over to our lawyer. That seems to be the best way to handle this – for all of us.Part3.2(G: George; M: Mary)M: George, could you help me plan this meeting? I don’t have much experience planning meetings and you’ve been with the company for a long time. So…G: When is this meeting, Mary?M: Well, it’s this Friday.G: Friday, hmm. What kind of meeting is it going to be?M: We’re going to have a meeting with some new clients and try to get them to buy our new line of sportswear.G: Well, that sounds easy. The first thing we need to do is to create an agenda for the meeting and then give copies of it to everyone who is going to be attending.M: No problem, I have a list of all the people right here. The boss says that he wants the people from the sales department and the design department to give a short presentation.G: OK, but we should let them know as soon as possible. Ask them how long they will need for their presentations. Also, we should ask them if they are going to need anything special for the meeting, like a projector. I remember one time I forgot to ask about this and it was really embarrassing to be unprepared. Which meeting room are you going to use?M: Er, I think we should use 401; it’s the most comfortable room.G: Good idea. Is the boss going to make a presentation, too?M: Yes, he wants to tell the clients about the history of our company.G: OK, let’s write the agenda. It’s this Friday, the 1st of December. What time does the meeting start?M: 10:00 am, and it should be finished by noon because the boss is going to take them out for lunch afterwards.G: No problem, that should be more enough time. The first thing on the agenda should be to introduce everyone to each other. Then the boss gives them the information about our company. He usually takes about 10 minutes to do that.M: I think we should let the design people talk before the sales people, so that they can explain the products first.G: That’s a good idea. The customers need to know what they are going to buy first. After the presentations we should allow time for a discussion, in case the clients have any que stions. If they don’t and the meeting is over more quickly than expected, you could give the clients a tour of the office. I think that would really impress the boss.M: Hey, this agenda looks good. I’ll go make copies for everyone.G: OK, don’t forget to make some extra copies to give the new clients and anyone else who for gets to bring theirs. Oh, one last thing, don’t forget to dress up for the meeting. M: I know. Thanks for all of your help.Part 4 video 1Gregory: Do you know why we are here?Richard: No. I have no idea. He just popped in and told me there would be a meeting at 3. Amy: I’m afraid it’s about cuts. I saw him this morning and he’s not happy. Chairperson: Bad news! I guess you’ve all seen last month’s sales figure fo r the laptop X600.A: No, actually I haven’t.R: Me, neither.C: Oh, well, there’s a twenty-one percent drop from July.G Twenty-one percent? That’s a disaster!A: I suppose you’re going to blame my sales team.C: No. Amy. We are not going to blame anyone. Not today. We need to decide what we are going to do about it.R: Wait. Before we go on, can we have a look at these poor figures?C: Sorry, I’m not sure if I have… Ah, yes, I’ve got a few copies here. As you can see…A: Larry, I want you to know that it’s not my fault! My people have been working really hard to promote sales.C: Yes, yes, I know. But the fact is that the results are not good.R: Maybe we can change…A: You should trust your team! There are always ups and downs in sales!C: Look, Amy. I do have confidence in my team! I have called this meeting to see what my team suggests we do! So shall we get on with it? I suppose we can start by finding out why we are having these poor results. Gregory, would you please give us an analysis of these figures?G: Er… Sorry, I don’t have anything prepared since I didn’t know…C: Oh, well…Part 6 Video 2Chairperson: I’m sorry to have called this meeting at such short notice. Did you all get a copy of the sales figures?Participants: Yes.C: Good. So you have seen from you memo the purpose of this meeting. Firstly, we need to figure out the reason for the drop, and secondly, what we should do about it. It might not be easy, but I want to finish the meeting by 3:00.Participants: OK. Uh-huh.C: Now, Amy, what do you think?Amy: Well, there’s a lot more competition out there now.C: That’s true, but our prices are competitive.Richard: In my opinion, the salespeople are not very motivated. We need to do something to encourage them to get out there and sell.A: I t hink they’re working pretty hard already.C: Bur it’s not hard enough, Amy! They need something to give them a bit of a push. What about the bonus system? How many salespeople get bonuses now?A: Not many.C: Really? Why not?A: The sales quotas are pretty high. You have to make $60,000 in sales. That’s a lot. Most people average about $45,000.Gregory: Per month?A: Yes.R: Well, maybe we should lower our quotas.C: How’s that going to motivate them, Richard?R: If we lower the quotas, it will be easier for the salespeople to reach them. So more people will get…A: I don’t see the point. How’s that going to increase sales?C: Let him finish.R: Well, I think the quotas are just too high. The salespeople don’t think they can reach them so they don’t try. But, if someone is making, say, $45,000, and if the target is $50,000, then they’ll work just a little bit harder to reach $50,000.G: I see what you mean. And if they get a nice bonus at $50,000 then they’ll work even harder the next month.C: Yes. You’ve got a good point! Let’s come up with a proposal for lower quotas.。

新视野商务英语视听说第一单元听力原文Unit 1Task 2.1Cater: Come in, please.Yang: Good morning, sir. I’m Karen Yang.C: Good morning, Miss Yang, I am Kevin Carter, the Administration Manager. Take a seat, please.Y: Oh, is that your wife, Mr. Carter? She is so beautiful.C: Thank you. Ah- Miss Yang, I’ve gone through your resume. I’d like to ask you some questions now if you don’t mind.Y: Not at all. Go ahead, please.C: Well, can you tell me why you would like to work as a medical representative with us.Y: I really think I’d like this kind of work, because I’ve been a doctor for three years. I want to apply for this position because I want a change.C: Don’t you think it’s a pity for you to leave your present job?Y: To some extent, it is. I have learned a lot in the hospital. Bur I would like to try a different kind of like. By the way, could you tell me how much the job pays?C: Sure. There is a five-month probationary period when you will only get 2,000 RMB a month. After that, we’ll determine your salary according to y our performance.Y: Oh, I see. Then, could you tell me something about the paid holidays, insurance, and things like that?C: Every employee in our company gets life insurance and unemployment insurance. You will get two weeks paid holiday in your first full year.Y: That sounds fine. How much time will it take for me to be promoted here?C: Promotion is not certain. It depends on your ability and performance. Maybe we’ll send you to one of our branches if you like.Y: No problem. I hate staying in one place all the time. But in which cities do you have branches? And, where is your company based?C: Our company is based in New York, with branches in many cities, such as Philadelphia,Beijing and London.Part 4Video 1Chen Bo: Good morning, Ms. Mandel.Ms. Mandel: Good morning. Sit down, please.C: Thank you.M: You are Chen Bo, aren’t you? I am Cathy Mandel, Director of the HR Department.C: Yes, I’m Chen Bo. Nice to meet you, Ms. Mandel.M: Nice to meet you, too. I’ve gone through your resume and would lik e to know more about you.C: Thank you for your interest in me.M: To start with, would you like to tell me a bit about yourself?C: Sure. I’m a senior student at Guangdong University of Finance. I expect to graduate this summer. My major is international finace.M: So, why did you choose our company?C: As far as I know, your company is one of several leading international consultant corporations which came to China after China entered WTO. I think working here would give me the best chance to use what I’v e learned at university.M: As a major in international finance, what do you think you can do in consultancy?C: Well, I know how to tackle problems. For example, I know I must first analyse the problem, I know I must first analyse the problem and work out its major cause. Then I will be able to search for ways to solve it from the available data.M: Sometimes data is not enough. Have you got any relevant experience in this field?C: Last year, during the probationary period, I was involved in the restoration of a factory in Nanjing. I really learned a lot from the experience especially how to assess people’s strengths and abilities.M: Can you cope with hard work under pressure and in a tough environment?C: No problem. I don’t care about pressure or the en vironment, as long as I enjoy the work.M: Good. Now, do you have any questions to ask?C: Yes, I’ve got one. Are there any opportunities for Chinese employees to be transferred to the head office in New York or other branch offices around the world?M: Probably. I think you are likely to be sent to work an overseas branch to get experience later on once when you have proved your worth.C: Oh, great. If I’m accepted, I will do my best for the company.M: I wish you luck! We’ll notify you of our final decisi on by Friday.C: Thank you, Ms. Mandel. Goodbye.M: Goodbye.Part 5Video 2Merry Wang: May I come in?Harry White: Yes, please do.M: Good morning, sir. My name is Merry Wang. I’ve come for an interview, as requested.H: Nice to meet you, Miss Wang. I am Harry White, Director of the HR Department. I was expecting you. Please, take a seat.M: Thank you.H: Well, Miss Wang, you are applying for the position of Sales Manager, right? How did you know about our company?M: I got to know your company from your TV commercials. They are elaborately designed and produced, and leave me deep impression.And in the summers of 1997 and 1998 I worked as a salesgirl for your company in Guangzhou.H: Really? That’s good. Then you must know something about our company?M: Yes, a little. Your company is very famous. Your cosmetics and skincare products are very popular with women all over the world.H: Hug, that’s right. Miss Wang, can you tell me which university you attended?M: Sin Yat-sen.H: And what degree have you got?M: I have a bachelor’s degree in business administration.H: How is your English? You know, some staff members in our company are Americans,so conversational English is very important.M: I passed TEM 8 at college, and I am good at oral English. I thank I can communicate with Americans quite well.H: Good. I know you are now with United Butter. What is your chief responsibility there?M: I’ve worked there for five years, since I graduated from college. Two years ago, I was appointed Brand Manager – responsible for the Panda line of biscuits.H: Why do you want to change your job?M: I want to change my work environment, seek new challenges and broaden my experience. That’s why I want to move into sales.H: What do you think is the most important qualification for a salesperson?M: I think it’s self-confidence and quality products.H: I agree with you. What salary would you expect to get here?M: Well, I would leave it to you to decide after you consider my abilities. My current annual income at United Butter is 150 thousand. But, er,… could you tell me a little more about what the job entails?H: You would be in charge of all the sales activities, for all hair products in northeast China. This would involve market analysis, client service and development, sales promotion, and regular customer satisfaction surveys. You’d report directly to the Regional Sales Director. Do you have any other questions?M: Yes, only one. When can I have your decision?H: I need to discuss with other board members. We’ll notify you of our decision as soon as possible. But… to be honest, you seem to be a good candidate with the right kind of experience and personality. You’re high on my list.M: That’s good! Thank you, Mr. White. I look forward to hearing from you. Goodbye.H: Goodbye.。

新视野商务英语视听说下册1-8单元video原文unit3Video 1J: Good morning, is that Rockey speaking?R: Morning, this is Rockey, is that Jacques?J: Y es.R: Nice talking to you again.How’s the weather in your part of world?J: Terrific.Sunny,28°C, light breeze…R: Stop! I can’t take any more. It’s snowing here!So, what can I do for you, Jacques?J: I need a couple of your Q2000 speedboats to rent to my guests. Can you give me a quote?R: Let’s see…uh, the list price is us$6500.Y ou’re a valued customer, so I’ll give you a 10% discount.J: That’s very reasonable. Do you have them in stock?R: Sure we do! W e set up new inventory controls last year. So we don’t have any backlogs any more.J: That’s good. Th e tourist reason is just around the corner, so I need them pretty quick.What’s the earliest shipping date you can manage?R: Then can be ready for shipment in two or three weeks.J: Perfect. What’s the total CIF price, Rockey?R: Hang on…the price will be US$7850 to your usual port.Do we have a deal?J: Y ou bet! Send me a fax with all the information, and I’ll send you my order right away.I’ll organize a letter of credit, as usual.Same terms as always?R: Of course.J: Great, Rockey, Bye. W ait a minute. Please say hello to your family for me.R: Thank you and the same goes for me. Bye, Jacques.Video 2T: I’m glad to have the chance to visit your corporation.I’m eager to do business with you.C: That’s good to hear. I believe you’ve seen the exhibits in the showroom.What particular items are you interested in?T: I’m interested in your hardware. I’ve seen the exhibits and studied your catalogues.I think some of the items will find a ready market in Italy. Here’s a list of my requirements. I’d like to have your lowest quotations, CIF Rome.C: Thank you. Tell us the quantity you need, so we can work out the offer.T: I’ll do that. Meanwhile, could you give an indication of price? C: This is our FOB price list. All the prices on the list are subject to confirmation.T: What about the commission? From European suppliers I usually get a 3 to 5 percent commission for my imports.It’s the general practice.C: As a rule, we do not give any commission.But if the order is large enough, we’ll consider it.T: Y ou see, I do business on commission basis.A commission on your prices would make it easier for me to promote sales.Even just two or three percent.C: W e’ll discuss this when you place your order with us.。

V i d e o 1 J: Good morning, Mr. Robbins.R: Good morning. John, how’s it going?J: Not too bad. I’m reading some articles about trade fairs. I’d like to ask you some questions.What benefits can I expect if I exhibit at trade fairs? R: Well. You can use trade fairs to promote your products or services.J: Yes, but can you be more specific?R: Certainly, you must know that exhibiting at trade fairs offer you a chance to demonstrate your products or services to customers face-to-face. This way you can get feedback and find out what customers want.J: I see.R: Trade fairs are also good opportunities for building new business since many potential customers and suppliers are concentrated in one place.J: Ok, thank you. I wonder, what’s the most important thing to know about if I want to exhibit at a trade fair?R: As a exhibitor, choosing the right trade fair is essential. If the trade fair is too specialist or too broad, It’s unlikely to attract visitors who want to buy what you sell,and participating in trade fairs can be a waste of time. So, you see, when you attend a trade fair, you should make sure you know what kind of customers you want to reach and what you want to achieve.J: Anything else I should know?R: One more thing, you should make specific and measurable goals.If you choose your fair carefully and give yourself plenty of time to plan your goals, You’ll have a good chance of doing good business.J: Good, you really are a specialist. Thank you.R: You’re welcome, John.By the way, there’s an IT trade show being held now.It might be a good idea for you to go and have a look. You’d get an idea of what’s going on.J: Thank you. I will. That’s a good idea.Video 2G: Miss Stewart, why did you want to exhibit in North America? S: We wanted to exhibit in North America primarily because it has a huge automotive industry.Our target customers are machine manufacturers and the companies that buy machines.S o we needed to be somewhere we could reach north audiences. G: I see. But there are many trade fairs held in North America, how did you choose the right one?S: We asked the fair organizers to provide us with attendance statistic, delegate profiles and the names of other companies exhibiting. This information helped us choose the right one. G: What did you do to prepare before attending the trade fair? S: We set a budget and drew up a list of actions and deadlines including technology requirements, display materials promotional literature, booth furniture, advertising and so on.G: How were you able to exploit your business opportunities and generate new business?S: We made sure that all staff in the booth had prepared themselves for the fair.Each visitor was asked some questions to determine whether they were genuine prospects.When a good prospects turned up, we know exactly which key aspect to emphasis, and whether we should focus on hand to illustrate the products’ capabilities and that helped to engage people’s interest.When the visitors left, we ensured that they had received ourpromotional material and business cards and also that we had a record of the details.G: When we returned to the UK, we followed up each lead by e-mail or letter. In fact, we already have some substantial orders from the different companies we met.G: Good, thank you for speaking with us.S: You’re welcome.。

Unit 4 Getting from A to BListening to the worldSharingScriptsF = Finn；M1 = Man 1, etc.；W1 = Woman 1，etc。

Part 1F：I usually get to work by bus. It takes about half an hour. Sometimes I read a book on the way。

How about you？How do you get to work？M1：I travel by bus。

Um, it’s only one bus to work. It takes about 15 minutes.M2: I get to work by car.W1：Bus。

W2：I walk to work。

M3：I get to work on the tube and I walk some of the way.W3：About five minutes walk to the station，Waterloo Station, and then I get on a bus which takesabout 20 … 25 minutes.M4：On most days I use the tube – my journey into work and my journey home at the end of the day.M5：I cycle to work. That’s the quickest and easiest way.W4：I cycle in to work every day on my bike.Part 2F：What do you do on your journey to work？M3: I usually listen to music or read.M1: Sometimes I listen to music and sometimes I read a book。

Video 1Z: Good morning, Mr. Ankle, Nice to see you again. How may I help you?A: Nice to see you, too. I've come to talk about some modifications we need on our last order, the one we gave you two days ago.Z: Fine, but I hope you aren't worried about the quality. As I said on the telephone, you can rest assured that our quality is unsurpassed. We are a prestigious company in our industry with more than 20 years' experience.A: Yes, of course. Your quality, specifications and styles are great. But, I want to alter some aspects of the packaging. You know, we pay a lot of attention to packaging.Z: Of course. Our usual practice for the products you ordered is, first, to put them into a transparent plastic wrapper as inner packaging. Then, to put these into a cardboard box, or wooden case is you prefer, as outer packaging. Do you want to change the inner or outer packaging?A: Cardboard boxes are all right with us. They're usually used in long-distance shipments and they seem safe. It's the inner packaging we have a problem with.Z: Using plain plastic wrappers protects the product and it saves on cost.A: But we need it to be decorative as well. There needs to be a proper design and some color to make it attractive to European tastes.I have the design here on this CD--it's a PDF file.Z: That's fine. In that case, do you want us to provide a polythene wrapper?A: Yes, with the design on both sides. Thank you.Z: Ok. I know packaging is important for sales. Attractive packaging will attract customers.The outer packaging only concerns the importers. But I have to say, the changes will increase the cost.A: By how much?Z: About 6%,I thank. I'll have to confirm that with you.A: That's ok. But please put design of different color in each box to make it more convenient for us to distribute to our retailers.Z: Sure, I'll write that down now. Do you have any other requirements on packaging?A: Well, just one more thing. Please remember to put our logo on each cardboard box. The logo is also on the CD. Please follow the pattern and color exactly.Z: Of course. Can I keep the CD?A: Certainly. That's all I want to confirm with you. But we shouldmake a revision to the draft contract. Do you have anything you need to talk to me about?Z: No, everything is fine. We'll get on to our packing department to make the changes as per your requirements.If you would care to wait for a moment, my assistant will prepare the formal order so that we can sign it immediately.A: Great. You're very efficient.Video 2B: Good morning. I'm Mrs. Becker from bran gifts.We gave you an order for Christmas gifts on the third day of the trade fair. Do you remember?T: Of course, Nice to see you again, Mrs. Becker. Have a seat, please.We've faxed you the draft contract, right?B: Yes, I went through it very carefully yesterday.A nd I have some points to discuss with you.T: Ok, no problem. Let's get the draft printed out and go over the details in the meeting room.B: First, there's a spelling mistake in our company's address: BRAN GIFTS COMPANY, F21-26 Business Building, World Trade Plaza, Toronto, Canada.It's B-R-A-N, not BRAIN; and World Trade Plaza instead ofWorld Trade Centre.T: I'm sorry about that, I guess it was a typing error, but I should have noticed it.B: No problem. Let's confirm the commodities I ordered and the prices we settled on.All together, there are six item numbers: ZWS10A, ZWS10B, ZWS10c, ZWS10D, G35 and XG7.We want 1000 cartons of each.There's no problem with the price of the first four -- US$6 per piece.But I remember we agreed the price for G35 and XG7 at US$18 and US$21.50 respectively, but it says differently on the draft. T: Oh, you're right. I must have forgotten that we changed them to CIF Toronto at US$18 and US$21.50 from the original FOB Shanghai at US$14 and US$17.50 at the end of our last negotiation.I'll ask my secretary to make the changes. I apologize for my bad memory.I must be getting old, Any other problems?B: Never mind. I think everything is alright with the packaging. First, you'll put the jelly candles in a brown box and then put the brown box in a carton.But please make sure each jelly candle is wrapped with foil.T: OK, and all the goods must arrive in Toronto before September 10, 2005, right?B: Yes, and as per last discussion, the insurance will be covered by your side with 110% of the invoice value against all risks.T: Yes, we have stipulated is clearly here. And you see, we made changes in the terms of payment.Previously, you said that payment is to be made by D/P. This is not our practice.We prefer to have the payment made by a confirmed , irrevocable letter of credit.This must reach us by the end of august and will remain valid until the 15th day after the date of shipment.B: Since that's your general practice. We'll accept it.One last thing I want to remind you to please provide us with the quality and quantity inspection certificate issued by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau.T: But we discussed the quality and quantity certificate before.You can be sure that we always honor contracts. Our commercial integrity is dependent on that.B: I know your products have a good reputation.But what do we do if the goods are found broken or short onarrival?This is the best way to safeguard us all.T: If you require that, we can give it to you. However, I assure you that it's not likely to happen.Our goods must be up to export standards before the inspection bureau lets them pass.B: I have every confidence that we will have a successful and long-term working relationship.Everything seems clear now.T: Ok, then we'll revise the contract tonight and get it ready for you to sign tomorrow morning. Is that ok?B: That will be fine, thank you.。

Unit 8 Receiving Visitors2.Listening PracticeTask 2-1A receptionist in a small firm may have to use a computer, operate a switchboard, and perform other clerical duties, in addition to receiving visitors. In a large firm a receptionist can concentrate on welcoming and looking after visitors.A visitor to a large firm should make an appointment, because executives are often very busy and do not have much time for visitors. Executives and secretaries should notify the receptionist in advance about important appointments, and about the movements of executives, especially when they are out of the building on business. Executives often ask receptionists to make travel arrangements for them, such as booking hotel rooms and airline tickets.Task 2-2There is a certain procedure for receiving visitors. A receptionist should find out if the visitor has an appointment or not. If the visitor is an important client, the executive or his secretary will come down to the reception area to greet the visitor. Sometimes the receptionist or another secretary escorts, or accompanies, the visitor to the executive’s office. Using the visitor’s name when he arrives is a friendly gesture and gives the visitor a good impression of the firm. The receptionist announces the visitor’s name, title and position, and introduces the executive to him.When a visitor’s request for a meeting cannot be satisfied, the receptionist should apologise and make some suggestions for an alternative time. If a meeting is impossible, the receptionist should express regret and explain why, with tact, so that the visitor’s feelings are not hurt.A receptionist should keep a register which includes dates, times, names and the firm the visitor works for. A receptionist can then refer to this if there is a request for information.4. Video 1(R for receptionist; S for secretary; V for visitor)R: Good morning. May I help you?V: Yes, I’d like to see Mr. Hansen, the president.R: Do you have an appointment, sir?V: Yes. I have an appointment with him at 10:30.R: Can I have your name, please?V: Brawn Dantini from Wilson Electronics.R: Thank you, Mr. Dantini. Would you please take a seat? I’ll tell Mr. Hansen’s secretary that you’re here.V: Thanks.R: Mary, this is reception. Mr. Dantini is here for his appointment.S: I’m sorry, but Mr. Hansen is on a long-distance call. Would you ask Mr. Dantini to wait for a few minutes?R: All right. I’m sorry, Mr. Dantini, our president is occupied just now. Would you please wait for a few minutes?V: Yes, of course.R: Would you like something to drink? Do you prefer coffee or tea?V: Thank you. Coffee, please.R: Would you like sugar and cream with your coffee?V: No, thank you. Just black.R: Here you are, Mr. Dantini. And there are some magazines if you’d like to read them.V: Oh, good. Thank you very much.S: Mr. Hansen is available now. Please send Mr. Dantini up.R: OK. Mr. Dantini, our president is available now. I’ll take you to his office and bring you some more coffee.V: Thank you very much.5. Language Focus B2. Task 1(P for Paula; G for Mr. Green)P: Excuse me, sir, but are you Mr. Green from Sydney?G: Oh, yes. My name is Brain Green. I’m the Purchasing Manager of the Sydney Garment Ltd. Corporation. And you are …?P: My name is Paula.G: How do you do, Paula?P: How do you do? I work at the Guangzhou Textiles Company. I’m secretary to the General Manager, Mr. Liu. I’m here to meet you on his behalf.G: Thank you very much for coming to meet me.P: My pleasure. Fine weather, isn’t it?G: Yes, it’s lovely. Real November weather, sharp and bright.P: Now let’s go and collect your luggage first. And after that I’ll accompany you to the Garden Hotel.G: OK, I’m in your hands. Let’s go.6. Video 2(J for Ms. Jones; L for Lin Hua; W for Miss.Wang)L: Ms. Jones?J: Yes, I’m Miranda Jones from Flora Garment Trading.L: My name is Lin Hua. I’m the Sales Manager for Baiyun Sweaters. How do you do, Ms. Jones?J: How do you do? It’s very nice of you to come to meet me.L: You’re welcome. And may I introduce my secretary, Miss Wang?J: Sure. It’s a pleasure to meet you, Miss Wang.W: The pleasure is mine. The flowers are for you, Ms. Jones.J: Oh, thank you. They’re beautiful! You’re very kind.L: How was your flight, Ms. Jones?J: Very nice. The service on board was superb. And I managed a few hours’ sleep, so I feel fine now.L: I’m glad to hear that. Oh, let me help you with your luggage.J: Thank you.L: Is this your first visit to China?J: No. But it’s my first visit to Guangzhou. I hope it won’t be my last.L: I hope you will have a pleasant stay here.J: I’m sure I will.L: Our car is our in the parking lot. Shall we drive to your hotel now?J: Yes, thank you. Let’s go.W: This way, please. Here we are, Ms. Jones. This is the White Swan Hotel. We’ve reserved a room for you on the 6th floor with a balcony overlooking the park. J: Thank you very much. It’s very considerate of you.W: Well, that’s the least we could do.L: This is your room, Ms. Jones. Is it OK?J: Oh, yes it’s lovely, very cozy and well-decorated! It’s really very thoughtful of you to have arranged if for me.L: Not at all.W: You must be very tired after your long trip. Is there anything else we can do for you?J: No, thanks. Not at the moment.L: Then we’ll be leaving now so that you can settle in. After all, we’ll have enough time for business during the next 3days.J: Thank you.L: You’re welcome. We’ll contact you tomorrow morning.J: See you then.L,W: See you!。

Video 1H: Well, Mr. Aubrey, let's move on to next point, shall we? A: OK. It's the question of the delivery date.H: What's your deadline?A: September 20th. We really have to insist on that because we have a very strict timetable.It's essential for us to have it before the 30th, otherwise...H: Yes, of course, but let me explain the position.A: OK, go ahead, please.H: As you know, we had a disastrous hurricane here last month and part of our workshop was damaged.That halted production for 10days.A: Yes, you told me.H: So, eh, there's a backlog of orders to fill.A: I understand but...H: We're working at full capacity, but the earliest delivery date we can make is the last week in September. A: I'm afraid that's not good enough.H: Why not?A: The engines have to be installed after we receive them.That takes time.I do hope you'll appreciate our position, Harry. Can't you arrange delivery for September 20th?H: Mm! We can try but we can't guarantee it.A: If not the 20th, then when?H: We can guarantee September 25th.A: Why the 25th?H: That's the date the ship is scheduled to arrive.We can't make an earlier shipment because production won't be complete in time.A: Let me see, it'll take about a week for onward transport to the destination until the 5th of October.H: Yes, I'm sorry. We can try to meet an earlier date butI don't hold out much hope.A: OK, let's make it the 25th. But we must install absolutely on September 25th as the last possible date.H: Fair enough.A: All right, then. Let's make it the 25th of September. But if it is possible earlier then all the better.H: Of course. You can count on me. I'll do my best.Video 2B: Hello, Ms. Lester. Haven't seen you for a long time.L: Hello, Mr. Backer. Nice to meet you again. Unfortunately, we have a problem! I've just received a fax from my head office and it seems there may have been some misunderstanding about our last order.B: Oh dear, what seems to be the problem?L: The consignment arrived at the port yesterday on time, but while unloading, we noticed the goods were not the A1 quality we order.B: Really! Oh, I'm terribly sorry. Something must have gone wrong.Let me check this on the computer...Er...Oh dear, yes, I'm afraid there's been a slip-up in our Shipping Department.I'm very sorry. It's certainly our fault.Mm...What would you like us to do about it?L: Well, we can keep this delivery and try to find another buyer for it. But of course, we'd need a price adjustment, say a 25% reduction on the lot. And we'd need a now delivery of A1 quality dispatched immediately.B: That sounds fair enough. Thank you. But just let me check our stock position...Yes, we can ship a delivery of A1 quality by the firstavailable steamer.Let me see, yes, actually there's one scheduled for the day after tomorrow.We'll make an immediate arrangement for the shipment. L: OK. that'll be fine. Let's hope the steamer arrives on schedule and we can have the goods by the middle of next month.B: We'll keep in touch with the shipping company and let you know if there are any problems.L: Good. Thank you.B: Ms. Lester, thank you very much for your cooperation. L: We hope you'll help us out if we're in difficulties sometime in the future.B: Yes, of course. Whenever you need us, we'll try our best to help. That's a promise.。

Unit 12. Part 2 Listening Practice: Task 1(1) I hope the noise isn’t bothering you?It’s no bother!(2) Why don’t we start at the workshop?Sure. I’ll follow you.(3) What did you think of our factory?Very big and modern.(4) What’s your overall impression?I’m very favourably impressed.(5) How big is your factory?The multiplex of 9 buildings totals 767,708 square feet of floor area.(6) What is your market share?45%(7) How many workers are there in your factory?At present, there are 2,000 workers at the plant.(8) Well, shall we have a break? You must be tired, having seen all of our plants all at once.Not really. But there is a lot to take in. L et’s have break!(9) Are all the products available now?Of course.We have good stock levels.(10) Is there anything else you’d like to see?I’d like to visit your research department.Task 2-2Richard: Good morning. Welcome to our company.Thomas: Good morning. Thank you for your reception.R: I’m Richard Black, the Sales Manager.T: Nice to meet you, Richard. I’m Thomas Brown, the Purchasing Manager from ATC,R: How was your journey?T: Not woo bad. Thank you. Er… Let’s turn to business. Could you tell me how large the plant is? R: It covers an area of 25,000 square metres.T: When was the plant set up?R: In the early 1960s.T: What are your newest products?R: Here are some brochures about our product. Please look on Page 13; all the new products are listed there.T: These products are pretty good. Could you briefly tell me about your production methods? R: Of course. I can show you our production systems on video.T: OK. But if you don’t mind, I prefer seeing the factory for myself.R: That’s fine. I was hoping you would. If you have enough time, we’ll be pleased to give you a tour.T: That’s very kind of you. I’ve been looking forward to seeing your factory.R: When can we arrange the tour? What time would be convenient for you?T: I’m free tomorrow. There’s nothing like seeing products being produced firsthand.R: That’s for sure. You’ll know all about them after the tour.T: I hope to learn a lot from this visit.Part 3. Language Focus A: Follow-upPractice: Task 1Richard: Thank you for coming today, Thomas. We can start any time you’re ready.Thomas: Hello, Richard. I’m all set.R: You said yesterday that you wanted to see the production line. The tour will last about an hour. T: No production.R: First, you’ll have to put on this helmet, I’m afraid.T: OK. But, this one seems a little small.R: Please try this one.T: That’s much better.R: Well, this is our production shop. We will start with the assembly line.T: That’s fine. I’ll just follow you.R: Please stop me if you have any questions.T: OK. I’d like to know if the assembly line is fully automated.R: No, it’s half-automated.T: What’s the monthly output?R: 5,000 units per month. But we’ll be making 6,000 units at the beginning of November.T: That’s wonderful. What’s your usual percentage of rejects?R: Only 1% in normal operations.T: It’s amazing. How do you control the quality?R: All products go through three checks during the whole manufacturing process.T: How do you do that?R: First, our workers will confirm the quality of each part according to the regulations at every point in the process. We also have computer-controlled equipment to test the quality of the semi-finished product and of the final product as well. Lastly, we send some products to our public quality-control centre for checking.T: Wonderful. One more question: Is every part of the process, from the first stages to the finished product, carried out at this plant?R: Absolutely. That keeps us competitive in the tough international market.T: Is that where the finished products come off?R: Yes.Part 4.Video 1P: Welcome to our Ford Rouge Factory tour. First, let me give you a brief introduction of Ford. Ford Motor manufactures and distributes automobiles in 200 markets across six continents. With about 300,000 employees and 108 plants worldwide, the company has core and affiliated automotive brands. The Ford Rouge Factory is located in the south of Detroit at the meeting of the Rouge and Detroit Rivers. The original Rouge complex is a mile and a half wide and more than a mile long. The multiplex of 93 buildings totals 15,767,708 square feet of floor area. Buildings include plants for tire-making stamping, engine casting, frame and assembly. A massive power plant produces enough electricity to light a city the size of nearby Detroit, and a soybean conversion plant turns soybeans into plastic auto parts. Our factory tour has four parts: First, you will take the Historic Driving Tour. Buses will transport you for a narrated tour past famous land marks and behind the scenes of this massive manufacturing complex. It will take approximately20 to 30 minutes. Second is the Rare Historic Footage Viewing. Here you will see a short film of rare, never-before-seen historic footage. You will learn about the triumphs and tragedies surrounding the Rouge. It takes 13 minutes. Third is the Virtual Reality Experience. A virtual reality will provide you with a 360-degree look at how automobiles are made. The approximate time for this is 15 minutes. Finally, we come to the Assembly Plant Walking Tour. You will tour the factory and see where the new Ford F-150s are assembled in the new, lean and flexible manufacturing plant. Visitors will have the opportunity to view the final assembly process from a elevated walkway. The tour takes about 30 to 45 minutes.Part 5. Language Focus B: Follow-upPractice: Task 1Richard: That’s the end of the factory tour, Thomas.Thomas: It’s very kind of you, Richard. Thank you. The tour of the production shop has given me a very good idea of your production process.R: My pleasure! What’s your general impression, Thomas?T: Very impressive. I especially enjoyed the speed of your assembly line. It gives you an edge over your competitors.R: It does. No one can match us where high performance production speed is concerned, and you know, we owe that to our engineers and technicians. They designed and built the assembly line and succeeded in making it operational within six months.T: How much do you spend on new product development every year?R: About 8% to 10% of the gross sales.T: That’s a lot of money. Terrific! If I placed an order right now, how long would it be before I got delivery?R: It would largely depend on the size of the order and the items you want.T: Yes. What’s that building opposite us?R: That’s the warehouse. We keep a stock of the faster moving items so that urgent orders can be met quickly.T: Could you give me some brochures on your products? I’d like to let my manager know more about your production; and if possible, maybe he could also visit the plant someday.R: OK. Here’s our sales catalogue and some literature. Just let me know if you want to bring anyone else for a tour.T: Thank you very much.Part 6.Video 2Lily Wu: Hello! Everyone, I’m Lily Wu. Welcome to our factory and to the virtual Victory Instant Noodle Factory tour. I will be your guide for the tour. First, I want to give you a brief history of the manufacturing process of instant noodles. The first instant noodles were made in Japan in 1958. Today noodles are known around the globe. All over the world, every year, they are consumed at about 80 billion meals. Do you know how instant noodles are made? For such a simple-looking product, the manufacturing process is actually quite complex. Here we reveal the secrets of how instant noodles are made. All the facts are waiting for you on this virtual instant noodle factory tour. Please look at the PowerPoint slides. First, flour is transported by truck from storage silos. The flour is mixed and kneaded in a mixing machine to produce noodle dough. The dough is passed through a pair of rollers to roll it into sheets. The sheets are cut into fine strands. Pre-steaming gelatinses the noodles for easier digestion.The noodles are separated intomeal-sized blocks which are shaped into moulds. Noodles are first cooked in oil and then dried for easy storage and quick preparation by the consumer. The end! Packages of noodles are packed in boxes for shipping. That is the process required to produce instant noodles! Now let’s go to the production shop.。

Video 1J: Good morning, Mr. Robbins.R: Good morning. John, how’s it goingJ: Not too bad. I’m reading some articles about trade fairs. I’d like to ask you some questions.What benefits can I expect if I exhibit at trade fairs R: Well. You can use trade fairs to promote your products or services.J: Yes, but can you be more specificR: Certainly, you must know that exhibiting at trade fairs offer you a chance to demonstrate your products or services to customers face-to-face. This way you can get feedback and find out what customers want.J: I see.R: Trade fairs are also good opportunities for building new business since many potential customers and suppliers are concentrated in one place.J: Ok, thank you. I wonder, what’s the most important thing to know about if I want to exhibit at a trade fairR: As a exhibitor, choosing the right trade fair is essential. If the trade fair is too specialist or too broad, It’s unlikely to attract visitors who want to buy what you sell,and participating in trade fairs can be a waste of time. So, you see, when you attend a trade fair, you should make sure you know what kind of customers you want to reach and what you want to achieve.J: Anything else I should knowR: One more thing, you should make specific and measurable goals.If you choose your fair carefully and give yourself plenty of time to plan your goals, You’ll have a good chance of doing good business.J: Good, you really are a specialist. Thank you.R: You’re welcome, John.By the way, there’s an IT trade show being held now.It might be a good idea for you to go and have a look. You’d get an idea of what’s going on.J: Thank you. I will. That’s a good idea.Video 2G: Miss Stewart, why did you want to exhibit in North America S: We wanted to exhibit in North America primarily because it has a huge automotive industry.Our target customers are machine manufacturers and the companies that buy machines.S o we needed to be somewhere we could reach north audiences. G: I see. But there are many trade fairs held in North America, how did you choose the right oneS: We asked the fair organizers to provide us with attendance statistic, delegate profiles and the names of other companies exhibiting. This information helped us choose the right one. G: What did you do to prepare before attending the trade fair S: We set a budget and drew up a list of actions and deadlines including technology requirements, display materials promotional literature, booth furniture, advertising and so on.G: How were you able to exploit your business opportunities and generate new businessS: We made sure that all staff in the booth had prepared themselves for the fair.Each visitor was asked some questions to determine whether they were genuine prospects.When a good prospects turned up, we know exactly which key aspect to emphasis, and whether we should focus on hand to illustrate the products’ capabilities and that helped to engage people’s interest.When the visitors left, we ensured that they had received ourpromotional material and business cards and also that we had a record of the details.G: When we returned to the UK, we followed up each lead by e-mail or letter. In fact, we already have some substantial orders from the different companies we met.G: Good, thank you for speaking with us.S: You’re welcome.。

Unit 2Part 31Alice: Excuse me, sir, are you Mr. Hayes?Bill: Yes, I’m Bill Hayes.A: Are you the General Manager of the Beautify Cosmetic Corporation in America?B: Yes, exactly.A: How do you do, Mr. Hayes? I’m Alice Wang, Manager of Human Resources at the Beijing Sanmei Factory. I’m here especially to meet you.B: How do you do, Miss Wang? It’s very kind of you to come all the way to meet me.A: My pleasure.2.Conversation 1:A: What is your job, Vincent?B: I’m a Regional Sales Manager.A: What are your main duties?B: My main duties are to develop customer relations and grow the sales of security products in Ohio.Conversation 2:A: What is your occupation, Flora?B: I’m a business analyst.A: Which company do you work for?B: I work for Delicate & Elegant Fashion. It’s a British company.A: What do you do for them?B: I’m in charge of the budget.Conversation 3A: What do you do, Patrick?B: I’m a lawyer.A: what does your job involve?B: I give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent them in court or in other legal matters.Conversation 4:A: What kind of job do you have, Rachel?B: I’m responsible for receiving visitors. I have to make sure all visitors check in on arrival, and also arrange taxi and bus transport for them.A: Are you in reception?B: Yes, you’re right. I’m a receptionist.Part 4Video 1Introducer: Good afternoon, everyone! This is Robin Copperfield, the new Vice President of our company. He will be in charge of the accounting work. Let’s give him a warm welcome! Robin Copperfield: Thank you!I: Mr. Copperfield is an expert in the field of accounting. So, it is a pleasure for us to have him here. Now, Mr. Copperfield, I’d like to introduce the Vice Presidents and Managers to you.R: OK, thank you!I: This is May Bates, Vice President in charge of the Administration Department and the neighbourhood Service Department.R: Nice to meet you, Ms. Bates.May Bates: Nice to meet you, Mr. Copperfield.I: And this is Dennis Hayes, Vice President in charge of the Marketing Department and the Sales Department.Dennis Hayes: How do you do, Mr. Copperfield? Glad to meet you.R: Glad to meet you, Mr. Hayes.I: And this is … oh, where is Andrew Jefferson?R: Mr. Jefferson? I’ve met him before. I heard he is one of the secrets of this company’s success.Everyone was raving about what a great job he’s done in…I: Uh… speak of the devil… Mr. Jefferson has just arrived.Andrew Jefferson: Hi, Mr. Copperfield, good to see you again.R: Good to see you, Mr. Jefferson.A: Sorry, I’m late. I was talking to a client.R: Oh, that’s OK. How many departments are you in charge of, Mr. Jefferson?A: Four: Research & Development, Engineering, Contract Budgets, and Project Preparation.R: No wonder you’re so busy.I: Mr. Copperfield, there are three managers who report directly to you, and they are all ladies. So, ladies, can you introduce yourselves?Ada Black: I’m Ada Black, responsible for management accounts.Caroline Clinton: I’m Caroline Clinton, responsible for financial accounts.Lucy White: I’m Lucy White, responsible for data processing.R: Oh, good. Nice to meet you all, ladies.Part 51Lisa: Hi, Mark, I hardly recognized you – it’s great to see you again!Mark: Hello, Lisa! I haven’t seen you for ages, not since college graduation. How have you been? L: I’ve been fine. What about you?M: I’ve been very well, too. Are you here looking for a job?L: Sure. You are between jobs, too?M: Yes, I remember you went to a Canadian company when we graduated. Have you left that company?L: Yes, I just left it last month.M: Why? Didn’t you like the job?L: Yes, but I’ve been a secretary for three years and now I’m totally sick of all that boring clerical work. I hate sitting in the office all the day just working mechanically.M: Oh, I understand. You really need a change.L: Yes, but what about you, Mark? Why have you left your present job? I heard you were an excellent Production manager.M: My boss is a very difficult man to deal with. I quarreled with him last week and left thecompany.Part 6Video 2Robin: What’s your job now, Jerome? Do you still work for that wholly funded American company?Jerome: No, I left it three years ago. I have my own business now.Frank: Gee, that’s great! How do you feel as a self-employed entrepreneur?J: I feel good. I can make a lot more money than before and I have a lot of independence in doing things. But sometimes I get tired. As you know, it’s not very easy to run a business on your own. What about you, Frank? What are you doing now?F: I’ve worked for several companies. After graduation, I went to a private company. Then a year later, I changed to a Sino – Janpanese joint-venture enterprise and worked as a sales assistant.Two years later, I moved on to a computer company and worked in export sales. And now, I’m an advertising executive. Oh, you are a real job-hopper. Why have you changed jobs so often? Colin: Oh, you are a real job-hopper. Why have you changed jobs so often?F: I’m always interested in new challenges. I know changing jobs frequently can be a waste of a company’s human resources, but I’m gaining a lot of experience! How is your job, Colin?C: I’ve been working for the PMC Textile Plant since I graduated. Two years ago, I was promoted to Line Supervisor.F: Do you like your job?C: The salary and benefits are Ok, but I don’t like the work environment. You know, the workshops are very noisy sometimes. Also, I don’t often get an opportunity to go anywhere. I hate staying in the same place all the time. You often travel on business, right Robin?R: Yes. As a buyer, I must travel to purchase stock. I’ve been to a lot of places.C: Maybe I should think about becoming a buyer…R: Mm…, everything has two sides. I get fed up with travelling. Nowadays, I want to spend more time with my family.Janet: Hi, guys, may I join you?J,C,R,F: Sure. Have a seat.Janet: You enjoy getting together, don’t you? What are you talking about?R: Jobs. What kind of job do you have, Janet?Janet: I’m the Public Relations Manager in a holding company.C: Do you enjoy it?Janet: Yes. What I like about it is that I can meet a lot of new and interesting people.R: How about your working hours?Janet: That’s the trouble. I usually have to work overtime, because I often have dinner parties in the evening. I don’t get enough time with my family and baby.牛牛文库（）分享海量学习资料，与您一起成长。

UNIT4American researchers say dust clouds from dry African deserts may be a threat to human health in the United States. The dust may contain many small organisms that could be dangerous. Each year, huge storms form in the Sahara desert of northern Africa. Winds carry the dust across the Atlantic Ocean. The movement of dust has been increasing in recent years because of longer periods without rain in Africa. From February to April, the dust settles in South America. From June to October, the winds change and transport the dust to North America, Central America and the Caribbean. More than half of the dust that reaches the United States settles in the state of Florida. For many years, it has caused the skies there to turn red. There is probably a link between the dust storms and higher rates of allergies and breathing problems in people in this area.You may not believe that our mental energy varies from season to season. But some people think that it does. Research has shown that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities. Scientists have discovered that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. People seem to be a lot sharper in spring than they are in any other season. One reason may be that in spring people's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in nature. Fall is the next-best season, then winter. Summer seems to be the best time to take a long vacation from thinking. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of most people tend to be lowest in summer. Be aware of these facts, and you will bring your talent into full play.。

Video 1H: Well, Mr. Aubrey, let's move onto next point, shall we?A: OK. It's the question of the delivery date.H: What's your deadline?A: September 20th. We really have to insist on that because we havea very strict timetable.It's essential for us to have it before the 30th, otherwise...H: Yes, of course, but let me explain the position.A: OK, go ahead, please.H: As you know, we had a disastrous hurricane here last month andpart of our workshop was damaged.That halted production for 10days.A: Yes, you told me.H: So, eh, there's a backlog of orders to fill.A: I understand but...H: We're working at full capacity, but the earliest delivery date wecan make is the last week in September.A: I'm afraid that's not good enough.H: Why not?A: The engines have to be installed after we receive them. That takestime.I do hope you'll appreciate our position, Harry. Can't you arrangedelivery for September 20th?H: Mm! We can try but we can't guarantee it.A: If not the 20th, then when?H: We can guarantee September 25th.A:Why the 25th?H: That's the date the ship is scheduled to arrive.We can't make an earlier shipment because production won't be complete in time.A:Let me see,it'll take about a week for onward transport to the destination until the 5thof October.H: Yes, I'm sorry. We can try to meet an earlier date but I don't holdout much hope.A:OK,let's make it the 25th.But we must install absolutely on September 25thas the last possible date.H: Fair enough.A: All right, then. Let's make it the 25thof September.But if it is possible earlier then all the better.H: Of course. You can count on me. I'll do my best.Video 2B: Hello, Ms. Lester. Haven't seen you for a long time.L: Hello, Mr. Backer. Nice to meet you again.Unfortunately,we have a problem!I've just received a fax from my head office and it seems there may have been some misunderstanding about our last order.B: Oh dear, what seems to be the problem?L: The consignment arrived at the port yesterday on time, but whileunloading, we noticed the goods were not the A1 quality we order.B: Really! Oh, I'm terribly sorry. Something must have gone wrong.Let me check this on the computer...Er...Oh dear,yes,I'm afraid there's been a slip-up in our Shipping Department.I'm very sorry. It's certainly our fault.Mm...What would you like us to do about it?L: Well, we can keep this delivery and try to find another buyer forit.But of course,we'd need a price adjustment,say a 25%reduction on the lot. And we'd need a now delivery of A1 quality dispatched immediately.B: That sounds fair enough. Thank you. But justlet me check our stock position...Yes,we can ship a delivery of A1quality by the first available steamer.Let me see,yes,actually there's one scheduled for the day after tomorrow.We'll make an immediate arrangement for the shipment.L: OK. that'll be fine. Let's hope the steamer arrives on schedule andwe can have the goods by the middle of next month.B: We'll keep in touch with the shipping company and let you knowif there are any problems.L: Good. Thank you.B: Ms. Lester, thank you very much for your cooperation.L: We hope you'll help us out if we're in difficulties sometime in thefuture.B: Yes, of course. Whenever you need us, we'll try our best to help. That's a promise.。

Video 1Welsh: Hello, Mr. Wang. We received the samples you kindly sent to our headquarters. Thank you very much.We’re impressed by both the quality and the variety of yourproducts.Wang: Thanks, and welcome to our factory.I hope you enjoyed the tour around some of our workshops. Welsh: Yes, we actually picked up several products from your catalogue after the tour.We maybe able to give you a trial order.Now I’d like to know if we place a firm order with you,when can you deliver the goods?Wang: It depends on how many items you choose and what quantity.Normally for one container order, we can deliver the goodswithin 6days.Welsh: That’s good. OK, let’s work through this list now. Wang: Mm, I see, Mr. Welsh. You’ve only selected 4 items so we can guarantee delivery.This is the unit price of each product.Welsh: Fine. But it seems to us that your price is much higher than other suppliers in china.We are currently doing business with some factories inShenzhen.Welsh: We know some factories give lower prices but their quality is poor.You see, the surface of our products is very smooth.And after the tour, you must have an idea how well ourmanufacturing environment meets international sanitarystandards.Considering the quality, our price is very reasonable. Welsh: We don’t deny that.But if you can give us a little discount, we can start up along-term relationship.Wang: You’re really tempting me. OK, what’s your quantity then?Generally, we’re not allowed to give discount at this price.But if your order is large enough, I can offer you a specialdiscount.Welsh: For the large plastic chair and the trolley, we can take 1000 pieces of each and much more later on after this trial order. Wang: 1000 pieces…Well, since it’s our initial transaction, I’ll give you a 10% discount on these two items.Welsh: 10%? Another company gives us a 15% discount for that size of order.You know, an incentive discount encourages the buyers andhelps expand your business.Wang: Of course, I know, but that is too high a rate.F rankly speaking, the maximum discount we can grant is10%.Welsh: Then about the food box and cup container? Also 10%?We would like to order 800 food boxes and 50cup containersto start.Wang: I’m afraid we can’t do that.You know, the price of the raw material has been risingsteadily. There’s no profit margin left at that price. Welsh: Come on, of course there is. By the way, we don’t need the scale on the cup container.How about reducing the price of the container to us$2 fromyour original us$3?Wang: Well, it’s really hard…Welsh: Well, we could meet each other half-way that would conclude the deal.Wang: You certainly have a way of talking me into it.Al right, let’s each make some concession. You increase thefood box order to 1000 pieces. OK?Welsh: Fine, no problem.Wang: You really drive a hard bargain! But we look forward to a long partnership.Video 2F: Hello, Mr. Leser. I’m very glad to meet you.L: Likewise. This is interesting. Do you think the color is right for the European market?And…what is the price for this wooden angel?F: No problem, you definitely have good taste.We have many European customers who are buying this Christmas range.The price is US$8, FOB Shanghai.L: US$8? Your price is much higher than the other offers we’ve received even just in this exhibition hall.F: Well, it may appear a little higher, but the quality of our products is much better than that of other suppliers’.You must take that into consideration.L: I agree with you. That’s why I’ve come to your booth.This time I intend to large order but business is almost impossible unless you can give me a discount.F: We can talk about that later. What’s your line of business?L: We mainly sell gifts and decorations for Christmas, Easter and other traditional holidays.Christmas is our largest concern. Our annual sales can reach us$10 million.F: Good, we've been a large producer of these items for years.You see, not only is our quality much better than others’. But our product range is more diverse.You can always find the best of anything you want.L: So, if you can give me the best price for this first order, we can start a long-term relationship.For example, what is the price for these Santa clauses?F: For the metal ones: US$20.the wooden ones: US$15.There are 8different styles and 3size for each type.L: If I choose several items of this kind, what’s the minimum order? F: 100 pieces for each item number and a minimum of 10 items. L: How about the discount? I can place an order for two containers to start.F: If so, we can grant you a very special discount of 8%.L: 8% I can hardly accept that as a special term according to the offers I’ve had today.I’d say 15% would be more like it. Some other companies have already promised us that.F: That really leaves us with nothing. Our maximum is 10%.You know, the price of these products tends to go up as wintercomes and there’s heavy demand for them.L: OK. I’ll make that concession for the sake of the beautiful color of your products.By the way, have you thought of choosing a commissioned sales representative or agent overseas you promote your sales?F: Yes, so far, we have several agents abroad but none in Germany. L: We’re willing to be your agent in Germany for Christmas gifts and decorations.What’s your usual commission rate?F: Usually, we gibe a commission of 4% to our agents.L: 4% is too low. You see. We’d have a lot of work to do in promoting sales, such as advertising on radio or TV, printing brochures and so on. It all costs.F: Don’t worry, we’ll allow you a higher commission rate if you sales are substantial.F: For example, if you sell US$2 million worth of gifts annually, we can allow 3% commission.But, if the annual turnover exceeds US$5 million, we can offer a 5% commission.What do you think of that?L: It sounds OK. We’d like to sign an agency agreement with you simultaneously when we sign the contract for this trial order.F: No problem. After you‘ve chosen the products, we’ll work them both out for you to sign.We can do it within 3days.Will that be suitable?L: Fine, one more question, when can you deliver the goods?F: 60days after the sales confirmation is signed.。

Video 1J: Good morning, Mr. Robbins.R: Good morning. John, how’s it going?J: Not too bad. I’m reading some articles about trade fairs.I’d like to ask you some questions.What benefits can I expect if I exhibit at trade fairs?R: Well. You can use trade fairs to promote your products or services. J: Yes, but can you be more specific?R: Certainly, you must know that exhibiting at trade fairs offer you a chance to demonstrate your products or services to customers face-to-face. This way you can get feedback and find out what customers want.J: I see.R: Trade fairs are also good opportunities for building new business since many potential customers and suppliers are concentrated in one place. J: Ok, thank you. I wonder, what’s the most important thing to know about if I want to exhibit at a trade fair?R: As a exhibitor, choosing the right trade fair is essential.If the trade fair is too specialist or too broad, It’s unlikely to attract visitors who want to buy what you sell, and participating in trade fairs can be a waste of time. So, you see, when you attend a trade fair, you should make sure you know what kind of customers you want to reachand what you want to achieve.J: Anything else I should know?R: One more thing, you should make specific and measurable goals.If you choose your fair carefully and give yourself plenty of time to plan your goals, You’ll have a good chance of doing good business. J: Good, you really are a specialist. Thank you.R: You’re welcome, John.By the way, there’s an IT trade show being held now.It might be a good idea for you to go and have a look.You’d get an idea of what’s going on.J: Thank you. I will. That’s a good idea.Video 2G: Miss Stewart, why did you want to exhibit in North America?S: We wanted to exhibit in North America primarily because it has a huge automotive industry.Our target customers are machine manufacturers and the companies that buy machines.S o we needed to be somewhere we could reach north audiences.G: I see. But there are many trade fairs held in North America, how did you choose the right one?S: We asked the fair organizers to provide us with attendance statistic, delegate profiles and the names of other companies exhibiting. Thisinformation helped us choose the right one.G: What did you do to prepare before attending the trade fair?S: We set a budget and drew up a list of actions and deadlines including technology requirements, display materials promotional literature, booth furniture, advertising and so on.G: How were you able to exploit your business opportunities and generate new business?S: We made sure that all staff in the booth had prepared themselves for the fair.Each visitor was asked some questions to determine whether they were genuine prospects.When a good prospects turned up, we know exactly which key aspect to emphasis, and whether we should focus on hand to illustrate the products’ capabilities and that helped to engage people’s interest. When the visitors left, we ensured that they had received our promotional material and business cards and also that we had a record of the details.G: When we returned to the UK, we followed up each lead by e-mail or letter. In fact, we already have some substantial orders from the different companies we met.G: Good, thank you for speaking with us.S: You’re welcome.。

新视野商务英语视听说(第二版)第四单元听力原文[8页]LtDZHANGJIAN仅供个人学习，勿做商业用途Unit 4Task 2.2The Koreans aren’t concerned about how well planned a meeting is. They will not trust anything that doesn’t take years to build. For example, a strong relationship of 10 years is more important than a brand new office building or an impressive meeting. Trust is most important thing for them. They also seldom offer any opinions unless they are sure about what they want to say.Face is perhaps most important to the Japanese. For example, if you put pressure on a Japanese businessman at a meeting, he will respond with silence and your relationship is sure to be over even before the meeting finished. They will be more accepting of you if you learn to speak a littleJapanese and look comfortable with their customs.Whenever there seems to be a business problem, the British will try to improve the situation by saying something amusing, but sometimes others don’t find this humour funny at all.Whenever you disagree with the French, they will enjoy arguing with you in a very lively way. They will offer you a business opportunity more quickly than people from other cultures, but they will change their minds at the last moment, if they feel that you are not doing business in a satisfactory way.Part 3.1Conversation 1A: I really think we need to get some people together to discuss this problem. If we don’t, it’ll just get worse.B: I believe you’re right, Leon. Who are you thinking of including?A: The Accountant, our Purchasing Manager, Tony, and of course you and me.B: All right, then. What are you going to tell them beforehand?A: I’ll give them this news report and the letter describing our problem. Do you think that’s OK?B: Yes, that’s fine. Let me know when and where.Conversation 2B: Good afternoon! I appreciate you all being here for this important meeting. Leon has asked you to join us to talk about the problem. You’ve all read the news report and the letter, so let’s get on with the discussion and try to solve the problem before it gets worse. Leon, could you start?Conversation 3A: Let’s see, we’ll begin with my boss opening the meeting. He can remind everyone about the report and letter.Then we should have the Accountant report on the cheques that have been written. Following that, we’ll ask the Purchasing Manager to review the purchasing procedure. I’m sure my boss and Tony will have some questions then, so next we’ll have questions. Then, we can go on to a discussion. Finally, hopefully, we’ll make a decision and close the meeting. There, that should do it!Conversation 4A: Hello! Why don’t you sit here? Would you like a cup of coffee or tea?C: Thanks! Coffee, please.A: Good afternoon, Tony. Here’s a seat for you.B: Is everyone here yet?A: No, not quite. The accountant has still to come. Boss, here’s your coffee.B: Thanks. I want to get started on time. A: Yes, I know. I’m sure we wil l.Conversation 5D: Hello! Accountant’s Office.A: Hello! This is Leon. Our boss wants to call a meeting to discuss a particular problem. Can you make it tomorrow afternoon?D: Tomorrow afternoon? What time?A: He’d like to begin at 2:30, i n the conference room.D: Yes. I think I can make it. I have a lunch meeting, but I’ll hurry back in time for the meeting.A: Good. I’ll bring the information to your office in a little while.D: Oh! OK. Thanks.Conversation 6B: So, from our discussion this afternoon, it sounds like what we need to do is to stop the payment on this cheque, and contact our lawyer. Is that the decision you all think we should make?C: I’ll begin looking for new supp liers. That seems to be important, as wall.B: Yes, it is. We must do that.D: I’ll call the bank immediately and stop payment.B: And, Tony, we’ll follow your advice and turn the rest over to our lawyer. That seems to be the best way to handle this –for all of us.Part3.2(G: George; M: Mary)M: George, could you help me plan this meeting? I don’t have much experience planning meetings and you’ve been with the company for a long time. So…G: When is this meeting, Mary?M: Well, it’s this Friday.G: Friday, hmm. What kind of meeting is it going to be?M: We’re going to have a meeting with some new clients and try to get them to buy our new line of sportswear.G: Well, that sounds easy. The first thing weneed to do is to create an agenda for the meeting and then give copies of it to everyone who is going to be attending.M: No problem, I have a list of all the people right here. The boss says that he wants the people from the sales department and the design department to give a short presentation.G: OK, but we should let them know as soon as possible. Ask them how long they will need for their presentations. Also, we should ask them if they are going to need anything special for the meeting, like a projector. I remember one time I forgot to ask about this and it was really embarrassing to be unprepared. Which meeting room are you going to use?M: Er, I think we should use 401; it’s the most comfortable room.G: Good idea. Is the boss going to make a presentation, too?M: Yes, he wants to tell the clients about the history of our company.G: OK, let’s write the agenda. It’s this Friday, the 1st of December. What time does the meeting start?M: 10:00 am, and it should be finished by noon because the boss is going to take them out for lunch afterwards.G: No problem, that should be more enough time. The first thing on the agenda should be to introduce everyone to each other. Then the boss gives them the information about our company. He usually takes about 10 minutes to do that.M: I think we should let the design people talk before the sales people, so that they can explain the products first.G: That’s a good idea. The customers need to know what they are going to buy first. After the presentations we should allow time for a discussion, in case the clientshave any question s. If they don’t and the meeting is over more quickly than expected, you could give the clients a tour of the office. I think that would really impress the boss.M: Hey, this agenda looks good. I’ll go make copies for everyone.G: OK, don’t forget to make some extra copies to give the new clients and anyone else who for gets to bring theirs. Oh, one last thing, don’t forget to dress up for the meeting.M: I know. Thanks for all of your help.Part 4 video 1Gregory: Do you know why we are here? Richard: No. I have no idea. He just popped in and told me there would be a meeting at 3.Amy: I’m afraid it’s about cuts. I saw him this morning and he’s not happy.Chairperson: Bad news! I guess you’ve all seen last month’s sales figure for thelaptop X600.A: No, actually I haven’t.R: Me, neither.C: Oh, well, there’s a twenty-one percent drop from July.G Twenty-one percent? That’s a disaster! A: I suppose yo u’re going to blame my sales team.C: No. Amy. We are not going to blame anyone. Not today. We need to decide what we are going to do about it.R: Wait. Before we go on, can we have a look at these poor figures?C: Sorry, I’m not sure if I have… Ah, yes, I’ve got a few copies here. As you can see…A: Larry, I want you to know that it’s not my fault! My people have been working really hard to promote sales.C: Yes, yes, I know. But the fact is that the results are not good.R: Maybe we can change…A: You should trust your team! There are always ups and downs in sales!C: Look, Amy. I do have confidence in my team! I have called this meeting to see what my team suggests we do! So shall we get on with it? I suppose we can start by finding out why we are having these poor results. Gregory, would you please give us an analysis of these figures?G: Er… Sorry, I don’t have anything prepared since I didn’t know…C: Oh, well…Part 6 Video 2Chairperson: I’m sorry to have called this meeting at such short notice. Did you all get a copy of the sales figures?Participants: Yes.C: Good. So you have seen from you memo the purpose of this meeting. Firstly, we need to figure out the reason for thedrop, and secondly, what we should do about it. It might not be easy, but I want to finish the meeting by 3:00.Participants: OK. Uh-huh.C: Now, Amy, what do you think?Amy: Well, the re’s a lot more competition out there now.C: That’s true, but our prices are competitive.Richard: In my opinion, the salespeople are not very motivated. We need to do something to encourage them to get out there and sell.A: I think they’re working pretty hard already.C: Bur it’s not hard enough, Amy! They need something to give them a bit of a push.What about the bonus system? How many salespeople get bonuses now?A: Not many.C: Really? Why not?A: The sales quotas are pretty high. You have to make $60,000 in sales. That’s a lot. Most people average about $45,000.Gregory: Per month?A: Yes.R: Well, maybe we should lower our quotas. C: How’s that going to motivate them, Richard?R: If we lower the quotas, it will be easier for the salespeople to reach them. So more people will get…A: I don’t see the point. How’s that going to increase sales?C: Let him finish.R: Well, I think the quotas are just too high.Th e salespeople don’t think they can reach them so they don’t try. But, if someone is making, say, $45,000, and if the target is $50,000, then they’ll work just a little bit harder to reach $50,000.G: I see what you mean. And if they get ani ce bonus at $50,000 then they’ll work even harder the next month.C: Yes. You’ve got a good point! Let’s come up with a proposal for lower quotas.版权申明本文局部内容，包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理。

Unit 4Task 2.2The Koreans aren’t concerned about how well planned a meeting is. They will not trust anything that doesn’t take years to build. For example, a strong relationship of 10 years is more important than a brand new office building or an impressive meeting. Trust is most important thing for them. They also seldom offer any opinions unless they are sure about what they want to say.Face is perhaps most important to the Japanese. For example, if you put pressure on a Japanese businessman at a meeting, he will respond with silence and your relationship is sure to be over even before the meeting finished. They will be more accepting of you if you learn to speak a little Japanese and look comfortable with their customs.Whenever there seems to be a business problem, the British will try to improve the situation by saying something amusing, but sometimes others don’t find this humour funny at all.Whenever you disagree with the French, they will enjoy arguing with you in a very lively way. They will offer you a business opportunity more quickly than people from other cultures, but they will change their minds at the last moment, if they feel that you are not doing business in a satisfactory way.Part 3.1Conversation 1A: I really think we need to get som e people together to discuss this problem. If we don’t, it’ll just get worse.B: I believe you’re right, Leon. Who are you thinking of including?A: The Accountant, our Purchasing Manager, Tony, and of course you and me.B: All right, then. What are you going to tell them beforehand?A: I’ll give them this news report and the letter describing our problem. Do you think that’s OK?B: Yes, that’s fine. Let me know when and where.Conversation 2B: Good afternoon! I appreciate you all being here for this important meeting. Leon has asked you to join us to talk about the problem. You’ve a ll read the news report and the letter, so let’s get on with the discussion and try to solve the problem before it gets worse. Leon, could you start?Conversation 3A: Let’s see, we’ll begin with my boss opening the meeting. He can remind everyone about the report and letter. Then we should have the Accountant report on the cheques that have been written. Following that, we’ll ask the Purchasing Manager to review the purchasing p rocedure. I’m sure my boss and Tony will have some questions then, so next we’ll have questions. Then, we can go on to a discussion. Finally, hopefully, we’ll make a decision and close the meeting. There, that should do it!Conversation 4A: Hello! Why don’t you sit here? Would you like a cup of coffee or tea?C: Thanks! Coffee, please.A: Good afternoon, Tony. Here’s a seat for you.B: Is everyone here yet?A: No, not quite. The accountant has still to come. Boss, here’s your coffee.B: Thanks. I want to get started on time.A: Yes, I know. I’m sure we will.Conversation 5D: Hello! Accountant’s Office.A: Hello! This is Leon. Our boss wants to call a meeting to discuss a particular problem. Can you make it tomorrow afternoon?D: Tomorrow afternoon? What time?A: He’d like to begin at 2:30, in the conference room.D: Yes. I think I can make it. I have a lunch meeting, but I’ll hurry back in time for the meeting.A: Good. I’ll bring the information to your office in a little while.D: Oh! OK. Thanks.Conversation 6B: So, from our discussion this afternoon, it sounds like what we need to do is to stop the payment on this cheque, and contact our lawyer. Is that the decision you all think we should make?C: I’ll begin looking for new suppliers. That seems to be important, as wall.B: Yes, it is. We must do that.D: I’ll call the bank immediately and stop payment.B: And, Tony, we’ll follow your advice and turn the rest over to our lawyer. That seems to be the best way to handle this – for all of us.Part3.2(G: George; M: Mary)M: George, could you help me plan this meeting? I don’t have much experience planning meetings and you’ve been with the company for a long time. So…G: When is this meeting, Mary?M: Well, it’s this Friday.G: Friday, hmm. What kind of meeting is it going to be?M: We’re going to have a meeting with some new clients and try to get them to buy our new line of sportswear.G: Well, that sounds easy. The first thing we need to do is to create an agenda for the meeting and then give copies of it to everyone who is going to be attending.M: No problem, I have a list of all the people right here. The boss says that he wants the people from the sales department and the design department to give a short presentation.G: OK, but we should let them know as soon as possible. Ask them how long they will need for their presentations. Also, we should ask them if they are going to need anything special for the meeting, like a projector. I remember one time I forgot to ask about this and it was really embarrassing to be unprepared. Which meeting room are you going to use?M: Er, I think we should use 401; it’s the most comfortable room.G: Good idea. Is the boss going to make a presentation, too?M: Yes, he wants to tell the clients about the history of our company.G: OK, let’s write the agenda. It’s this Friday, the 1st of December. What time does the meeting start?M: 10:00 am, and it should be finished by noon because the boss is going to take them out for lunch afterwards.G: No problem, that should be more enough time. The first thing on the agenda should be to introduce everyone to each other. Then the boss gives them the information about our company. He usually takes about 10 minutes to do that.M: I think we should let the design people talk before the sales people, so that they can explain the products first.G: That’s a good idea. The customers need to know what they are going to buy first. After the presentations we should allow time for a discussion, in case the clients have any questions. If they do n’t and the meeting is over more quickly than expected, you could give the clients a tour of the office. I think that would really impress the boss.M: Hey, this agenda looks good. I’ll go make copies for everyone.G: OK, don’t forget to make some extra co pies to give the new clients and anyone else who for gets to bring theirs. Oh, one last thing, don’t forget to dress up for the meeting. M: I know. Thanks for all of your help.Part 4 video 1Gregory: Do you know why we are here?Richard: No. I have no idea. He just popped in and told me there would be a meeting at 3. Amy: I’m afraid it’s about cuts. I saw him this morning and he’s not happy. Chairperson: Bad news! I guess you’ve all seen last month’s sales figure for the laptop X600.A: No, actually I have n’t.R: Me, neither.C: Oh, well, there’s a twenty-one percent drop from July.G Twenty-one percent? That’s a disaster!A: I suppose you’re going to blame my sales team.C: No. Amy. We are not going to blame anyone. Not today. We need to decide what we are going to do about it.R: Wait. Before we go on, can we have a look at these poor figures?C: Sorry, I’m not sure if I have… Ah, yes, I’ve got a few copies here. As you can see…A: Larry, I want you to know that it’s not my fault! My people have been worki ng really hard to promote sales.C: Yes, yes, I know. But the fact is that the results are not good.R: Maybe we can change…A: You should trust your team! There are always ups and downs in sales!C: Look, Amy. I do have confidence in my team! I have called this meeting to see what my team suggests we do! So shall we get on with it? I suppose we can start by finding out why we are having these poor results. Gregory, would you please give us an analysis of these figures?G: Er… Sorry, I don’t have anything prepared since I didn’t know…C: Oh, well…Part 6 Video 2Chairperson: I’m sorry to have called this meeting at such short notice. Did you all get a copy of the sales figures?Participants: Yes.C: Good. So you have seen from you memo the purpose of this meeting. Firstly, we need to figure out the reason for the drop, and secondly, what we should do about it. It might not be easy, but I want to finish the meeting by 3:00.Participants: OK. Uh-huh.C: Now, Amy, what do you think?Amy: Well, there’s a lot more competition out there now.C: That’s true, but our prices are competitive.Richard: In my opinion, the salespeople are not very motivated. We need to do something to encourage them to get out there and sell.A: I think they’re working pretty hard already.C: Bur it’s not hard enough, Amy! They need something to give them a bit of a push. What about the bonus system? How many salespeople get bonuses now?A: Not many.C: Really? Why not?A: The sales quotas are pretty high. You have to make $60,000 in sales. That’s a lot. Most people average about $45,000.Gregory: Per month?A: Yes.R: Well, maybe we should lower our quotas.C: How’s that going to motivate them, Richard?R: If we lower the quotas, it will be easier for the salespeople to reach them. So more people will get…A: I don’t see the point. How’s that going to increase sales?C: Let him finish.R: Well, I think the quotas are just too high. The salespeople don’t think they can reach them so they don’t try. But, if someone is making, say, $45,000, and if the target is $50,000, then they’ll work just a little bit harder to reach $50,000.G: I see what you mean. And if they get a nice bonus at $50,000 then they’ll work even harder the next month.C: Yes. You’ve got a good point! Let’s come up with a prop osal for lower quotas.。