2020届高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破4介词和介词短语含解析

专题六介词重难点分析介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。

不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。

介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

一、介词从结构上分类一览表介词的分类简单介词只有单独一个词的介词：after, at, on, in, during, since, till/until等(时间介词)；across, over, through, past, near, to, above等(方位介词)；by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around等复合介词由两个单一词合成的介词：into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without等短语介词形容词、分词或副词+介词：according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to 等连词+介词：as for, as to, because of等介词+介词（又称双重介词）：from among, from behind, from under, till after等介词+名词+介词：by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to等名词+介词：thanks to由其他词类转用分词concerning 关于，considering 鉴于，including 包括，regarding 关于形容词或副词like 像，near 接近，opposite 在……对面，unlike 不像，round 围绕……，next 和……接邻连词than 比，but 除了……之外名词despite 不管、不顾二、主要介词的区别1. 表示时间的at, in, onat表示片刻的时间。

介词年份题型介词和介词短语考点统计课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅰ2019201820172016201520142019201820172016201520142019201820172016语篇填空(methods)oftracking(moreeffectiveat...)thanas(amethod)by(car)(lesswater)than(to and)from(work)at(thesametime)(next)to(apack)of(get adegree)in(eat)with(theirhands)短文改错删除foreverytwoyears中的forwhich前加in(in themiddle)on→(in themiddle)ofon(thedevelop-ment of...) →with(thedevelop-mentof...)(withthehelp)by→(withthehelp)of加in删除bought后的foron(ashopwindow)→in ( ashopwindow)with→for加to删除realize后的of考情分析：1.高考课标全国卷中语篇型填空、短文改错对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词(如:than , as, from, in, with, by, at, to, for, of, on)的基本用法上。

语篇型填空中介词的考查形式为非提示型，而短文改错中介词的考查形式包括将用错的介词改正和删除多余的介词。

2.未来高考课标全国卷中语篇型填空、短文改错对介词及其短语的考查会呈现出复杂化、综合化的特点。

什么是介词？•Preposition 前置词虚词150+•本质：后接名词或代词，表示对象之间的关系•最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高。

难度最高：一词多用(with)一个相近的意思可以用不同的介词表示(in/over the past few years.)固定搭配（动词搭配make up ）方位介词The flag is beyond the mountain.It is beyond my reach.注：在下列情况下，between可用于三者：• 两个以上的人或物用and连接：between A，B and C• 涉及人或事之间的区别以及人或事之间的关系时the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别1. over、above 均可表示在数量上“多于”。

介词和介词短语单句语法填空1、__________summary, I think the movie is moving, interesting, and worth spending time on.2、As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating rice dumplings are unique __________us Chinese.3、So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it isfar__________ satisfactory.4、Our product is popular abroad. There is practically no other product superior__________ ours in quality.5、When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy __________words.6、Most English teachers maintain a young and gentle heart and appear younger than teachers__________ their own age.7、The key __________successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.8、Butterflies feed__________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.9、I don't know if this sounds bad, but why do Asian actresses always look more beautiful__________ the dress than the models?10、—Good morning, Mr Lee's office.一Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment __________next Wednesday afternoon.11、High-speed trains travel at 300 kilometers an hour, which is about four times the speed__________ normal trains.12、Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have little impact __________this age group.13、The little boy always makes his room__________ a mess, which makes his parents annoyed.14、—Are you familiar__________the music?—Yes,the music is very familiar__________me,but I can’t remember when and whereI heard it.15、Although I tried my bestto convince them__________the importance and urgencyof the operation, the doctors were not convinced__________(perform) it immediately.16、After seeing the film, they made comments __________some of the parts.17、The government supplied clothing and food __________the flooded areas.18、As the final exam is coming, my pressure builds __________, and I’m afraidit will result__________ my failure.单句改错1、Food prices increased to 10% in less than a year._____________________________________________________________________2、The food in the dining hall can't agree everyone in the school, for different people have different tastes.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3、There is a famous mountain not far from Qingdao, which is well known as its beauty. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4、We have spent several precious weekends in English study in the English Club._____________________________________________________________________5、A large number of students attended to the contest and showed their wonderful performances.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6、First, make more posters to inform the public the harm of graffiti(涂鸦)._____________________________________________________________________7、The professor began the class in an amusing English story, which attracted our attention at once.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8、Yesterday I showed my friend Kate in Baoding._____________________________________________________________________9、According to a recent survey,about 25 percent of college students have a part-time job. With the upcoming summer vacation, this figure will increase by 72 percent. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10、Although baseball possibly developed from an English game, it is now thought of like an American sport.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11、In their opinion, if too many people keep pets at home,it will be harmful for the environment.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12、Back in those of my college days, a professor introduced me a wealth of Confucianism and Taoism.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案以及解析单句语法填空1答案及解析：答案：In解析：句意:总的来说,我觉得这部电影既感人又有趣,值得花时间去看。

专题四定语从句1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，61)In ancient China lived an artist paintings werealmost lifelike.答案：whose 句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画栩栩如生。

此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语。

2．(2020·江苏高考，21)Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.答案：which 句意：现在许多课程都可以在网上找到资源，学生们可以从中免费选择。

此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。

3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at thepet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.答案：which the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。

4．(2019·浙江高考，58)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.答案：that/which 此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。

5．(2019·江苏高考，21)We have entered into an age dreams have the bestchance of coming true.答案：when 句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校考点04 介词和介词短语高考频度：★★★★★介词在英语中比较活跃，在高考中，对介词的考查主要集中在语法填空和短文改错题型中，考查点为常见介词如，from,to, on, in, with, by, at, of , on 等等的基本用法上。

语法填空中介词的考查形式为非提示词型，短文改错中介词的考查包括介词的误用以及多词少词。

预计2021年高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词基本用法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。

在短文改错中，主要考查对介词的误用。

【复习建议】1. 掌握主要介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。

介词的分类考向①介词短语的功能介词不能在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

考向②常考介词的辨析1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别1.（2020·新课标I 卷短文改错）After that I poured oil into a pan and turnedoff the stove ， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.【答案】将off 改为on【解析】考查介词。

句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。

根据I poured oil into a pan 及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on ，故将off 改为on 。

2.（2020·天津卷单项填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.A ．in the shape ofB ．beyond the reach ofC ．at the mercy ofD ．on the side of 【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题四：介词介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。

它是高考必考点之一。

I.介词分类：II. 常用介词区别：III.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·介词考点规律分析：短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。

语法填空主要涉及介词的选择。

介词单句改错之真题训练：1. Bill insisted in staying near the car.2. Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.3. When I have free time I go a long walk.4.When they came down the police were angry to them.5. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.6. …and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular.7. I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.8. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.9. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.10. We practise for three times every week.11.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.12. Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family.13. I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing…14. Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.15. So I’m really sorry that I won’t be able to come in this time.16. …but we do not seem to ge t much time to talk about together.17. For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.18.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.19. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.20.I feel sorry to him.21.Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.22. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television c ommercials…23. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese…24. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.25. You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet.26. But I hav e spent lots my money, …27. …you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club…28. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about.介词单句改错之模拟训练：1. We must serve for the people heart and soul.2. I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.3. Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.4. I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.5. In English class, we often talk each other in English.6. Don’t talk. What the man says is well worth listening.7. The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.8. She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.9. I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.10. Are you glad to be going to back to school?11. On his way to home, he met one of his old friends Jack.12. Please close the door at next time you come in.13. Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.14. We can finish the work either this week or in next week.15. We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.16. We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.17. Don’t be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy.18. I’ve read a lot books about animals.19. He invited us to dinner, which was very kind for him.20. I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.21. Don’t go by plane. It’s a lot of more expensive.22. Except milk and cheese, we all need vegetables.23. On my way back, I called at Mr Smith at his office.介词单句改错之提升训练：1. His father has been ill on bed for two years.2. During the summer vacation, he worked in the farm.3. He is very fond of football and he is in the school football team.4. I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher.5. Don’t read under the strong light.6. The killer ran away to the direction of Beijing.7. He lives on No.124. Wuyi Road.8. He is very angry to his son for his failing in the exam.9. He hit me on the face.10. He is strict to me in my work.11. The bottle is filled of the gas.12. London stands to the Thames.13. His mother took pride of his great achievements.14. There are two windows on the wall.15. On the way home, I found I had lost the key of the door.16. We are trying to find the answer of the problem.17. You are required to write your story with your own words.18. With what language did she make the speech?19. He is the cleverest in all the students.20. At a clear night, he went out in search of the gold.21. He had an English party at Christmas Eve.22. Women should be equal with men.23. He is blind on both his eyes.24. Uncle Tom is famous as his skill in cooking.25. He will come back after five weeks.26. He said that he had met us many years ago.27. He is the tallest between the four of us.28. I called on my uncle’s last night.29. It is very clever for a dog to save its owner.30. You should be beware to dangers.介词单句语法填空之真题训练：1．That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ______short，he’s reliable.2．In addition ________ the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.3．The dictionary is of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 4．My connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s. 5.My uncle says that he never dreams _______becoming rich in a short period of time.6．Most of us are more focused_______our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.7.Are you interested ________ becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?8.Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test ________ the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.9.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat________their hands.10.Now I am leaving home __________ college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.11.In high school, I became curious ________ the computer, and built my first website.12.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.V olunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money ________a cause.13.The mother continued to care for the young panda________more than two years.14.Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage________the opportunity to join sports teams.15.Shelly－Ann is a little woman ________ a big smile.She has mental toughness that did not come about by chance.16.The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.17.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.18.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________ harmony with nature.19.The whole team count ________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.20.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.21.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?22.Most people work because it's unavoidable._______ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.23.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _____our emotions than for straight facts.24.These comments came in response_____ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.25.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _____ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.学习札记：_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________参考答案及解析介词单句改错之真题训练：1.in 改为on，insist on 为固定搭配2.at 改为of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”3.go 后加for，go for a walk 是习语4.to 改为with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb5.去掉for，因其前的get 是及物动词6.books for 改为books on，此处的on 意为“关于”7.去掉about 或将about 改为that，因动词knew 后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词8.for 改为of，注意句型It’s kind of sb to do sth9.去掉in，在由next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需加in, on, at 这样的介词10.去掉for，在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词11.instead 后加of，instead of 为复合介词，在此表示“而不是”12.among 改为in，in my family 意为“在我家里”13.a lot 后加of，因a lot 不能直接修饰名词14.on 改为for，thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感谢某人”15.去掉in，因this time 可直接用作状语16.去掉about，因about 后没有接宾语，about 属多余17.去掉on，因one night 可直接用作状语18.去掉at，the moment 在此用作连词，相当于as soon as19.去掉in，spend 是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词作宾语20.to 改为for，be / feel sorry for sb 意为“为某人感到难过”21.Because 后加of，因so much viewing 相当于名词22.On 改为In，意为“在一年中”23.去掉that 前的in，was 后是一个以that 引导的宾语从句，in 是多余的24.to 改为at，laugh at 意为“嘲笑”25.kinds 后加of，a kind of 意为“一种……”，all kinds of…意为“各种各样的……”26.lots后加of，lots / a lot后不能接名词；后接名词时，要用lots of…，a lot of…27.去掉in，表示“参加，加入”某个组织，join 后不要再加介词in；表示“参加”某项活动时，才加in28.on 改为in，因为have sth in common 是固定搭配，意为“有共同的……”介词单句改错之模拟训练：1. 去掉for，serve 表示“为……服务”，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。