高考英语语法知识点专题复习—介词
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高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语考点详情高考频度:★★★★★【命题解读】介词在英语中比较活跃,然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多,但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。
【命题预测】高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
【复习建议】1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析;2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语;3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
介词的分类考向①介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition.考向②常考介词的辨析介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。
但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别表示的概念介词(短语)区别例时间inonatat在一个时间点上;in在一段的时间之内;on在具体日子。
专题3介词考向1常见介词的考查Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法,所以用介词as。
2.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.(2017·全国Ⅲ)解析关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。
a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。
3.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat with their hands.(2016·全国Ⅲ)解析with one’s hands 用某人的手。
介词with意为“用”。
4.The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.(2016·四川)解析“for+时间段”表示持续一段时间。
熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两年多。
5.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析根据句意可知,此处表示“驱车只有一小时的路程”。
高考英语语法专题复习介词考点汇总介词不能单独使用,必须后跟宾语,构成介词短语在句中使用,介词短语由介词+宾语构成,在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。
in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during等aboutbe about to …即将做……What/How about …?……怎么样for交换:He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.达到某一数值:She wrote a check for £20.赞成,拥护:I’m for getting up early and going to bed early.固定搭配:for one thing首先for example例如for ever永远for the time being 暂时,目前for instance 例如for free免费for the first time 第一次for sale出售,待售watch out for警惕long for 渴望for one’s good为(某人)好with和……一起::He is playing table tennis with Tom.用……工具:Don’t write with a pencil.随着:The weather changes with seasons.带有,具有:Our company needs people with specialized knowledge.行为方式:Handle with care!原因:She shivered with cold.注意:with的复合结构:常在句中作状语,表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。
She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)她经常开着窗户睡觉。
2022高考英语语法--介词连词讲解及习题(附答案)高考英语语法精讲精练介词、连接词介词学习介词用法除要掌握一般常规用法外,还须注意一些特殊用法,固定搭配等。
一、表示时间介词注意点:Wewillmeetinthreedaywithin+一段时间(用于各种时态)如:Youmutfinihreadingthebookwithinaweek.你必须在一周内读完这本书。
2.onChritmaDay在圣诞节;atChritma在圣诞节的几天中4.during是介词,不能引导从句。
二、注意一些表示地点场所介词短语的引伸、比喻含义inthemud在泥中,beyondhope绝望,infreezing在严寒天气中,indanger在危险中,introuble在困境中,inpublic在公共场合中,undercontruction在建设中,onbuine出差,intheameboat处境一样,onale在出售三、表示方式、手段、工具等介词(by,with,on,in)1.by:Theblindmenthoughttheycouldlearnwhattheelephantlookedli kebytouchingit./makealivingbyteaching/byhand手工地,靠手工地,byletter,bypot,byelectricity,learnth.byheart,truckbythebeauty因美丽而着迷Hewapaidbythehour/theday/month/…他按时/日/月/…被付给工钱。
byplane/train/hip/air/water/ea/…,bymeanof用…手段,方式;bywayof经由,取道于…learnEnglihby/over/throug h/ontheradio2.on:liveonfood,kneelonone¢knee,lie/leeponone¢back/ide/face 仰/侧/俯卧(睡)3.in:inEnglih,inink,inilence,inonevoice异口同声地,inahurry 匆忙地,inurprie惊讶地4.with:writewithapen,workwithone¢hand,mellwithone¢noe,beatt hehorewithawhip(鞭子)四、相近介词(短语)辨析about“关于”,知识性或随便谈论:adicuionabouttheplan3.over在…正上方,under在…正下方above在…上面(不一定垂直上方),below在…下面4.inanhour一小时后,用于将来时afteranhour一小时后,用于过去时5.beide在…旁边beide除…之外(还有)e某cept除…之外e某ceptfor除(非同类事物)之外6.on/inthetreetat50DongfengRoad在东风路50号高考英语语法精讲精练7.aholeinthewallapictureonthewallapieceofnewinthenewpaperthewordintheenvelopthemonkeyinthetreetheappleonthetree(树上的苹果。
高考英语语法介词复习知识点总结
1.表示时间段的介词
(1)in , after
in +时间段,表示从现在起往后推算一段时间
after +时间段,表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间,如:
Hell come back in two days. 但钟点用after( after three oclock)
He left on July 2 and returned after three days.
(2)in , during
表示在一段特指的时间内,可用in 或during
The work was done in / during the holidays.
表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter (3)for the past + 时间段, during
表示在最近一段时间内,句中谓语动词常用现在完成时
I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.
(4)for 表示延续一段时间
Ill study in the U.S for two years.
Ive waited for Bingo for half an hour.。
第11讲介词与介词短语1.Determining where we are ________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017·江苏,32)A.in contrast to B.in defense ofC.in face of D.in relation to答案D解析句意为:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。
结合句意可知,这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”in contrast to与……相比;in defense of保卫,为……辩护;in face of 面对。
2.Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.(2017·北京,35)A.at B.in C.on D.by答案B解析句意为:很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。
“在……行业”用介词in。
此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry,以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。
3.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be ________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017·天津,12)A.among B.against C.behind D.below答案A解析句意为:当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时,你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。
among 在……当中,为……所围绕,符合语境。
against以……为背景,衬托;behind在……后面;below在……下面。
4.We offer an excellent education to our students.________,we expect students to work hard.(2017·天津,13) A.On average B.At bestC.In return D.After all答案C解析句意为:我们向学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们希望学生努力学习。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—介词介词---基础篇一.介词at/ in /on.1. 表示时间:1). 表示某一具体时间点,某一时刻/ 年龄at six o’clock at noon at that timeat the moment at the age of at night2) in表示时间段, 一天的三个时间段以及月份, 年, 季节, 世纪, 人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)in the morning/afternoon /eveningin spring /in 2007/in Marchin the twenty-first centuryin his fifties3) on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上, 表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.On Monday on New Year’s Dayon Sunday morning on a rainy nighton the evening of April 1st, 20072. 表地点:1) at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置at the station at the cinema2) in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.in China in the classroom3) on 指在某物体的表面上.on the desk注意:写街道时, 若有门牌号用at , 否则用on / in 都可.He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.二. 介词in /on / to 表方位:1. in表示A地在B地范围之内. (包含关系)Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .2. on表示A, B地接壤. (外切关系)Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .3. to表示A, B两地有一定的间距. (外离关系)Japan is _____ the east of China .三. between / among 在……之间:1. between: 指两者之间. 在…….之间.2. among : 用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.You sit _____ him and me .The song is popular ______ the students.四. after / in 在……之后:1. after1) after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时.2) after 作介词. after doing sth2. in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时. He came back ______ two days .He will go home___finishing his homework .He will come back _____ two days .五. with / in / by 表示“用……”:1. with 表示“用…” 一般指有形的工具/ 手段/ 人体器官.He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .注: with 表伴随, “带有, 含有”He came in _____ a big smile on his face .2. in表示用某种语言, 方式, 途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式. Can you say it _____English ?He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .3. by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式, 方法I study for a test _____ working with a group.He makes a living ____ selling newspapers.注意: 同义词组1). by phone = on the phone2). by car = in a car3). in pen = with a pen = with pens六. across / through / over / by 经过:1. across 指横穿, 穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.2. through 指穿过, 透过, 表示从某一物体空间内通过.3. over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过, 不与表面接触.4. by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Can you swim ______ the river?the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate.I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday.七. in front of / in the front of :1. in the front of 表示在…….内部的前面2. in front of 表示在……外面的前面There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom.There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.八.其它介词的用法:1. at的其它用法.1). 表示“从事或正在做某事”, 其后加的名词往往不加冠词. She is at work now = She is working now.2). at表示“价格或速度”The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour.2. in的其它用法:1) in表示“在……方面”词组: do well in = be good at反义词:be weak in2) in 表示“穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.词组: be in +衣服= be wearing +衣服3) in作副词, “在家” = at home3. like 的用法:1). 像/和……一样. 常与系动词连用.词组: look like sound like2). 与what 连用, “是什么样子, 怎样”.What is he like ? He is kind .4. off的用法:1). 从……下来, 脱离某物体.词组: fall off2). “休假”通常放在时间名词之后.词组: have +时间+ offHe hasn’t had a night off for two hours.5. except / besides1). except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范围之内.注: nothing but … 除了……之外, 什么也没有.2). besides除了……之外, 还有…… . 包括在范围之内.We all went swimming ______ Lucy.There is _______ a letter in the box.We study Japanese and French____ English.6. with / without1). with具有, 含有-----反义词: without 没有词组: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to without one’s help2). without 的用法:A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物B).without + doing sth .He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to usC). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.If there is no water , we can’t live. = We can’t live ______ _______ .7. on the tree /in the treeon the tree 表示“树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示“外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.There are some apples _____ the tree.There is a boy ____ the tree.8. since / for注: since / for 用于现在完成时.1). since :a). since +时间点b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时c). since +一段时间+ ago.2) for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago9. be made +介词的区别:be made of 由…制成(看得见原材料)be made from由…制成(看不见原材料)be made in +地点由哪儿生产be made by sb. 由某人制造10. 表示“数量的介词”about, round, around, over1). about, round around表示“大约……”2). over 表示“超过”= more than.11. inside / outsideInside 在……里面------反义词: outside在….外面12. in the wall /on the wallin the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”.九. 不用介词的情况:1). 当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时, 不用介词.What are you going to do tonight ?2). 含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语.He went to Wuhan last week .3). 以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词.He has worked all day .4). 以some, any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.He met a bad man one cold morning. = He met a bad man on a cold morning.第十讲座:介词---提高篇介词无法在句中独立担当成分,其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,还可接不定式(如:except, but)或that引导的从句作宾语,构成介词短语,有时还可接另外一个介词短语(如:from among the trees)。