高考英语语法主谓一致高频考点精讲
关键词:
语法一致：单，复，and, lots,不定, 定从，完倒，就远
意义一致：时长，书名，all,集，算，学，the 名and名，the形，number
就近一致：略
注：N为单数名词或不可数；Ns为复数名词；+谓【单】；+谓【复】；+谓【单/复】
概述：
主谓一致是主语和谓语动词在人称和数方面保持一致.常见的现象是am/is/are; was/were; have/has; do/does一般现在式第三人称单数。
考点一、语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定。
（一）单数名或代词；to do/doing+谓【单】（Whto do/to do/doing and Whto do/to do/doing+谓【复】）；主语复谓语复；trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes+谓【复】，但 a (the) pair of trousers/ glasses/clothes/shoes+谓【单】。
（二）A and B/both A and B+谓【复】。
（三）①“a lot of/ the majority of/plenty of；the rest of/ /half of /percent of+N/Ns”+谓【单/复】；②quantities/masses of +N/Ns+谓【复】；a quantity/mass of N/Ns+谓【单】；③an amount of/a great deal of N+谓【单】；④more than one/many a N+谓【单】
（四）不定代词either/neither/each/every /no +N和some/any/ no/every+thing/body/one+谓【单】.注意：either/neither of+ Ns+谓【单】; none of+ Ns+谓【单/复】；none of+ N+谓【单】。
（五）定语从句中的主谓一致：
“one of＋Ns+ that/who/which+谓【复】”
“the only one of＋Ns+that/who/which Ns+谓【单】.
（六）在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例句:
Such(be) the result.
Such (be) the facts.
On the wall (be) many pictures.
（七）
考点二、意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）
（一）时间、重量、长度、价值名复+谓【单】（因为名词在概念上是一个整体）。
（二）书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复+谓【单】。
例句: The Arabian Nights_______ (be) an interesting story-book.
（三）all，what, who, which等作主语+谓【单/复】靠意思来决定。例句:
What he needs_______ (be) money.
What he needs_______ (be)some good books.
All_______ (be) going well.
All_______ (have) gone to Beijing.
Which_______ (be) your bag?
Which_______ (be)your bags?
例句: Thirty minutes_______ (be)enough for the work.
（四）集体名词指整个集体+谓【单】；指集体成员+谓【复】（有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等）。例句:
Class Four_______ (be)unable to agree upon a monitor.
Class Four_______ (be)on the third floor.
名词people, police, cattle+谓【复】。例句:
The police_______ (be)looking for the lost child.
（五）算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数+谓【单】。例句:
Twelve plus eight_______ (be)twenty.
Fifty-six divided by eight_______ (be)seven
（六）mathematics, politics, physics学科词与news, works等“形复意单”的名+谓【单】。例句:
I think physics_______ (be)easy to study.
The paper works_______ (be)built in 1990.
（七）“the N and the N”+谓【复】；“ the N and N+谓【单】;bread and butter（黄油）, knife and fork （刀叉），iron and steel+谓【单】；the adj/Ved指一类人+谓【复】。
（八） a number of＋Ns+谓【复】；the number of+ Ns+谓【复】。
考点三、就近一致原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
（一）当两个主语由either A or B, neither A nor B, whether A or B, not only A but also B+谓【单/复】谓语和邻近的主语一致。
例句:
Either the teacher or the students_______ (be)our friends.
_______ (be) neither they nor he wholly right?
Neither they nor he _______ (be)wholly right.
（二）there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。例句:
There_______ (be)two chairs and a desk in the room.
There_______ (be)a desk and two chairs in the room.
