生态学专业英语

《生态学专业英语词汇》一、生态学基础词汇1. 生态系统（Ecosystem）2. 生物多样性（Biodiversity）3. 生态位（Niche）4. 食物链（Food Chain）5. 食物网（Food Web）6. 生物量（Biomass）7. 生产者（Producer）8. 消费者（Consumer）10. 环境因子（Environmental Factor）二、生态学过程与现象1. 竞争（Competition）2. 捕食（Predation）3. 共生（Symbiosis）4. 生物入侵（Biological Invasion）5. 生物放大（Biological Magnification）6. 生态演替（Ecological Succession）7. 生物地球化学循环（Biogeochemical Cycle）8. 碳循环（Carbon Cycle）9. 氮循环（Nitrogen Cycle）10. 水循环（Water Cycle）三、生态学分支与研究方向1. 景观生态学（Landscape Ecology）2. 生态系统生态学（Ecosystem Ecology）3. 行为生态学（Behavioral Ecology）4. 进化生态学（Evolutionary Ecology）5. 环境生态学（Environmental Ecology）6. 应用生态学（Applied Ecology）7. 恢复生态学（Restoration Ecology）8. 城市生态学（Urban Ecology）9. 乡村生态学（Rural Ecology）10. 海洋生态学（Marine Ecology）四、生态学实验与技术研究1. 生态调查（Ecological Survey）2. 样方调查（Quadrat Sampling）3. 实验设计（Experimental Design）4. 遥感技术（Remote Sensing）5. 地理信息系统（GIS）6. 生态模型（Ecological Model）7. 生态模拟（Ecological Simulation）8. 环境监测（Environmental Monitoring）9. 生态修复（Ecological Restoration）10. 生物指示物（Bioindicator）五、生态学政策与管理1. 生态保护（Ecological Conservation）2. 生态红线（Ecological Red Line）3. 生态补偿（Ecological Compensation）4. 生态规划（Ecological Planning）5. 生态风险评估（Ecological Risk Assessment）6. 可持续发展（Sustainable Development）7. 生态文明建设（Ecological Civilization Construction）8. 环境影响评价（Environmental Impact Assessment）9. 生态系统服务（Ecosystem Services）10. 自然保护区（Nature Reserve）六、生态学理论与概念深化1. 生态效率（Ecological Efficiency）描述能量或物质在生态系统中从一个营养级传递到下一个营养级的效率。

生态学专业英语教程Ecology English CourseIntroduction:Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and other sciences to understand the complex relationships and processes that govern ecosystems. This English course is designed to help students in the field of ecology improve their English language skills and enhance their ability to communicate and collaborate with international researchers and scholars.Course Objectives:- Develop English language skills specific to the field of ecology, including scientific writing, speaking, reading, and listening.- Expand vocabulary related to ecological concepts, research methods, and environmental issues.- Improve understanding of scientific literature and ability to critically analyze research papers.- Enhance communication skills for presenting research findings, participating in scientific conferences, andcollaborating with international colleagues.- Foster cross-cultural communication and understanding in the context of ecological research.Course Content:1. Introduction to Ecology: This module provides an overview of the principles and concepts of ecology, including the levels of organization, energy flow, and nutrient cycling in ecosystems.2. Ecological Research Methods: This module focuses on the various methods used in ecological research, including field studies, laboratory experiments, and modeling techniques.3. Biodiversity and Conservation: This module explores the importance of biodiversity, the threats to biodiversity, and the strategies for conservation and restoration.4. Climate Change and Ecology: This module examines the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and the role of ecology in mitigating and adapting to these changes.5. Ecological Interactions: This module explores the interactions between organisms, including predation, competition, mutualism, and parasitism.6. Ecological Modeling: This module introduces the use of mathematical and computer models in ecological research andtheir applications in predicting ecosystem dynamics.7. Ecotoxicology: This module focuses on the study of the effects of pollutants on organisms and ecosystems and the strategies for pollution prevention and remediation.8. Human Ecology: This module examines the interactions between humans and the environment, including the impacts of human activities on ecosystems and the development of sustainable practices.Assessment:- Regular quizzes and assignments to test understanding of course materials.- Research paper writing and presentation to demonstrate scientific writing and communication skills.- Participation in group discussions and debates to promote critical thinking and collaboration.This ecological English course aims to provide students with the necessary language skills and knowledge to excel in their academic and professional endeavors in the field of ecology. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the tools to effectively communicate scientific ideas, engage in interdisciplinary research, and contribute to the global effort of understanding and protecting our environment.。

农业生态学专业英语词汇Agriculture Ecology.Agriculture ecology is the study of the relationships between agriculture and the environment. It encompasses the study of how agricultural practices affect the environment, as well as how environmental factors affect agricultural production. Agriculture ecology is a multidisciplinaryfield that draws on the principles of ecology, soil science, agronomy, and other disciplines.One of the main goals of agriculture ecology is to develop sustainable agricultural practices that minimize environmental impacts while still meeting the needs of society for food and fiber. Sustainable agriculturepractices include those that reduce soil erosion, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.Agriculture ecology is also concerned with the conservation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.Biodiversity is important for the functioning of healthy ecosystems, and it can also provide benefits to agriculture, such as pollination and natural pest control.中文回答：农业生态学。

英语常见专业词汇分类汇总一、工程与技术：1. Architectural design（建筑设计）: the process of creating a plan for the construction of a building or structure.2. Civil engineering（土木工程）: the design, construction, and maintenance of structures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.3. Mechanical engineering（机械工程）: the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of machinery.4. Electrical engineering（电气工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.5. Computer programming（计算机编程）: the process of designing and writing computer programs.6. Telecommunications（电信）: the transmission of information over long distances using electronic or optical signals.7. Aerospace engineering（航空航天工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of aircraft and spacecraft.8. Environmental engineering（环境工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the development of sustainable solutions to environmental problems.二、医学与健康：1. Anatomy（解剖学）: the branch of science that deals with the structure and organization of living things.2. Physiology（生理学）: the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.3. Genetics（遗传学）: the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.4. Pharmacology（药理学）: the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drugs and their effects on the body.5. Radiology（放射学）: the branch of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases.6. Psychiatry（精神病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental health disorders.7. Cardiology（心脏病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.8. Oncology（肿瘤学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.三、商业与经济：1. Marketing（市场营销）: the process of promoting and selling products or services.2. Accounting（会计）: the process of recording, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions.3. Economics（经济学）: the study of how individuals, businesses, and governments allocate resources and make decisions.4. Finance（金融学）: the management of money, banking, investments, and credit.5. International trade（国际贸易）: the exchange of goods and services between countries.6. Entrepreneurship（创业）: the activity of starting a new business venture or taking a risk in order to make a profit.7. Supply chain management（供应链管理）: the coordination and oversight of the flow of goods, information, and finances from suppliers to end consumers.8. Market research（市场调研）: the process of gathering and analyzing data about customers, competitors, and market trends to make informed business decisions.四、计算机科学：1. Algorithm（算法）: a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.2. Programming language（编程语言）: a formal language used to write computer programs.3. Artificial intelligence（人工智能）: the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.4. Data mining（数据挖掘）: the process of discovering patterns and relationships in large datasets.5. Network security（网络安全）: the protection of computer networks and their data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.6. Software engineering（软件工程）: the application of engineering principles to the design, development, and maintenance of software systems.7. Machine learning（机器学习）: the study of algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.8. User interface（用户界面）: the means by which a user interacts with a computer, website, or application.五、法律与政治：1. Constitutional law（宪法法学）: the body of law that defines the relationship between different entities within a state, namely the executive,the legislature, and the judiciary.2. Criminal law（刑法）: the body of law that deals with offenses against the state, such as murder, theft, and assault.3. International law（国际法）: the body of law that governs the relations between states and other international actors.4. Human rights（ ** ）: the basic rights and freedoms to which allindividuals are entitled, such as the right to life, liberty, and equality.5. Public policy（公共政策）: the principles, actions, and decisions adoptedby government or public authorities to address societal problems or meetpublic needs.6. Political science（政治科学）: the study of political systems, behavior,and ideologies.7. Diplomacy（外交）: the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.8. Legislation（立法）: the process of making or enacting laws through the legislative branch of government.六、社会科学与人文学科：1. Sociology（社会学）: the study of human society, social behavior, and the consequences of social relationships.2. Psychology（心理学）: the scientific study of the mind and behavior.3. Anthropology（人类学）: the study of human societies, cultures, andphysical characteristics.4. History（历史学）: the study of past events, particularly in human affairs.5. Literature（文学）: written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.6. Philosophy（哲学）: the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and mind.7. Linguistics（语言学）: the scientific study of language and its structure, including phonetics, syntax, and semantics.8. Art history（艺术史）: the study of visual arts from ancient times to the present, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and photography.七、自然科学与数学：1. Biology（生物学）: the study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and evolution.2. Chemistry（化学）: the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of substances.3. Physics（物理学）: the study of matter, energy, and the interactions between them.4. Mathematics（数学）: the study of numbers, quantity, space, and structure,including algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics.5. Geology（地质学）: the study of the Earth's physical structure, history,and processes.6. Astronomy（天文学）: the study of celestial objects, such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies.7. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the effects of human activities on it.8. Statistics（统计学）: the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.八、教育与心理学：1. Pedagogy（教育学）: the study and practice of teaching and educational methods.2. Educational psychology（教育心理学）: the branch of psychology that deals with the study of teaching methods and learning processes.3. Curriculum development（课程开发）: the process of creating and designing educational programs and courses.4. Special education（特殊教育）: the education of students with special needs or disabilities.5. Counseling psychology（咨询心理学）: the branch of psychology that focuses on providing therapeutic services to individuals and groups.6. Child psychology（儿童心理学）: the study of children's mental andemotional development and behavior.7. School psychology（学校心理学）: the application of psychologicalprinciples and techniques in educational settings to promote the learning and emotional well-being of students.8. Adult education（成人教育）: the provision of educational opportunities and programs for adults, often focused on professional development or personal enrichment.九、艺术与设计：1. Fine arts（美术）: the creation and appreciation of visual art, such as painting, sculpture, and printmaking.2. Graphic design（平面设计）: the art and practice of planning and projecting ideas and experiences with visual and textual content.3. Fashion design（服装设计）: the art of applying design, aesthetics, and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories.4. Industrial design（工业设计）: the process of creating and developing concepts and specifications for products or systems.5. Architecture（建筑学）: the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures.6. Interior design（室内设计）: the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space.7. Photography（摄影）: the art, application, and practice of creating durable images using a camera or other light-sensitive equipment.8. Film and video production（影视制作）: the process of creating and producing films, television shows, and video content.十、环境与地理：1. Ecology（生态学）: the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.2. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the impact of human activities on it.3. Geography（地理学）: the study of the Earth's surface, its physical features, climate, population, and how humans interact with these factors.4. Climate change（气候变化）: the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.5. Conservation（保护）: the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment and of wildlife.6. Sustainable development（可持续发展）: the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.7. Urban planning（城市规划）: the practice of envisioning and regulating the use of space in urban areas, including transportation and infrastructure.8. Environmental policy（环境政策）: the set of guidelines and principles that govern the regulation and management of the environment.。

学位名称、专业名称及主要课程中英文对照各学院（原系）中英文对照生物技术学院College of Biotechnology生命科学学院College of Life Science资源环境学院College of Environment and Natural Resources资源环境学院College of Resources and Environment林学院College of Forestry经济贸易学院College of Economics and Trade经济管理学院College of Economics Management工程技术学院College of Polytechnics工程学院College of Engineering农业工程系Department of Agricultural Engineering理学院College of Sciences信息学院 College of Information人文学院College of Humanities公管管理学院 College of Public Management农学系Department of Agronomy园艺系Department of Horticulture蚕桑系Department of Sericulture艺术设计学院 College of Art Design动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院 College of Animal Science兽医学院 College of Veterinary Science食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院 College of Food艺术学院 College of Arts水利与土木工程学院 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering各学位名称对照农学士 Agriculture工学士 Engineering理学士 Sciences哲学士 Philosophy经济学士 Economics管理学士 Management文学士 Arts各专业中英文名称对照工商管理 Business Administration金融学 Finance and Banking经济学 Economics会计学 Accounting农林经济管理 Agricultural/forest Economy Management社会工作 Social Work英语 English生物技术 Biotechnology机械设计及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacturing and Their Automation 信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & Information Systems电子信息工程 Electronic and Information Engineering农业机械化及其自动化 Agricultural Mechanization And Its Automation农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation土木工程 Civil Engineering交通运输 Traffic and Transportation应用化学 Applied chemistry计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology植物保护 Plant Protection土地资源管理 Land Resources Management农业资源与环境 Agricultural Resources and Environment土地资源管理 Land Resources Management农学 Agronomy茶学 Tea　Science食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering园艺 Horticulture木材科学与工程 Wood Science and Engineering森林资源保护与游憩 Forest Resources Conservation and Recreation林学 Forestry园林 Landscape Gardening动物科学 Animal Science动物医学 Veterinary Medicine蚕学 Sericulture法学 Law食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering服装设计与工程 Apparel Design and Engineering管理信息系统 Management Information Systems土壤与农业化学 Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry土地规划与利用 Land Planning and Utilization农业环境保护 Agricultural Environment Protection木材加工 Wood Processing经济林 Economic Forest农业经济与管理 Agricultural Economics and Management贸易经济 Trade Economics企业管理 Industrial Management国际金融 International Trade农业机械化 Agricultural Mechanization机械设计 Design and Manufacturing汽车运用工程 Mobile Application中国社会主义建设 Chinese Socialist Construction作物遗传育种 Plant Genetics and Breeding果树 Pomology动物营养与饲料加工 Animal Nutrition and Feed Processing畜牧 Animal Husbandry农业工程 Agricultural Engineering家具设计与室内装饰 Furniture Design and Room Decoration市场策划与营销 Market Planning and Marketing土地经济与房地产管理 Land Economics and Real Estate Management 精细化工 Fine Chemistry财务管理与计算机 Financial Management and Computer经贸英语 Business English公共关系与秘书 Public Relation茶叶加工与贸易 Tea Processing And Trade花卉与庭园工程 Floriculture And Gardening丝绸与贸易 Silk And Trade养禽与禽病防治 Poultry Raising And Disease Control微生物发酵技术与贸易 Microorganism Fermentation And Trade各学院（原系）主要课程中英文对照生物技术学院(College of Biotechnology)生命科学学院(College of Life Science)化学除草原理与技术 Principles and application of weed chemistry control 种子生理 Seed physiology组织培养技术 Technology of tissue culture果蔬保鲜原理与技术 Techniques in preservation of fruit & vegetable植物学 Botany酶工程 Enzyme engineering植物显微技术 Botanical microtechnique细胞生物学 Cell biology农田杂草 Farmland weed普通生态学 General ecology药用植物资源利用 Resources and utilization of medicinal plant生物化学研究技术 Techniques in biochemistry researches分析与检测技术 Technology of test and analysis动物生物化学 Animal biochemistry基因工程 Genetic engineering文献查阅与综述方法 Document searching and reviewing植物生物化学 Plant biochemistry蛋白质工程 Protein engineering分子生物学 Molecular biology植物生物化学实验 Plant biochemistry experiment遗传（基因）工程导论 Introduction to genetic engineering辐照基础与应用 Basis and application of irradiation technology辐射生物学 Irradiational biology免疫学 Immunology同位素示踪原理及其应用技术 Isotopic tracer technique reason and appliance 同位素应用技术 Application of isotopes生物电子显微技术 Electron microscope and preparation of biological specimen 仪器分析 Instrumental analysis现代仪器分析与食品检测 Modern instrumental analysis and food inspection农业与温室气体（排放） Agriculture greenhouse effect gases电镜技术 Electron microscope technique植物生理学 Plant physiology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology核素应用技术 The application of nuclide农业电子技术 The electronic technology of agriculture食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food Science普通微生物学 General microbiology农业微生物学 Agricultural microbiology食品微生物学 Food microbiology环境微生物学 Environmental microbiology微生物学实验技术 Experimental technique in microbiology食品微生物学实验 Microbiological test of food发酵工艺学原理 Principles of fermentation technology微生物遗传育种 Microbial genetics and strain improvement食品生物化学 Biochemistry of food products食品添加济 Additives of food products食物酶学 Enzyme engineering of food食品分析 Food analysis食品营养学 Food nutriology食品工艺学 Food technology果蔬加工学 Processing of fruit and vegetable食品工厂设计 The design of food factory乳品学 Dairy science &technology蛋品学 Egg science & technology肉品学 Meat science & technology食品工程原理 Principles of food engineering农产品加工学 Agricultural products processing technology食品机械与设备 Food machinery and equipment食品包装学 Food packaging动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science动物生理学 Animal physiology家畜行为学 Ethnology of domestic animals饲料卫生学 Feed hygienic配合饲料工艺学 Technology of formula feed单胃动物营养学 Nutrition of unistomach animals反刍动物营养学 Ruminant nutrition饲料检测技术 The technique of feed checking and analysis饲料生产学 Feed production饲料添加剂学 Feed addition家畜饲料学附饲料分析 Livestock feeding and feeds analysis饲料原料及加工贮藏 Feed ingredients and processing and storage动物饲养学 Animal feeding动物营养学基本原理 The basal principle of animal nutrition配合饲料技术 The technique of formular feed普通畜牧学 Animal husbandry淡水养鱼学 Culture of fresh-water fish动物学 Zoology家禽学 Poultry science珍禽学 Science of rare birds家畜育种学 Poultry breeding家禽孵化学 Poultry hatching家畜环境卫生学 Livestock environment hygiene牛生产学 Cattle production家兔生产学 Rabbit production猪生产学 Swine production畜牧家畜育种学 Animal breeding数量遗传学 Quantitative genetics动物遗传学 Animal genetics生物统计附试验设计 Biological statistics养犬与养猫 Canine and feline production家畜繁殖学 Animal reproduction动物遗传育种 Animal Genetics & Breeding动物生产学 Animal production动物医学系(Department of Veterinary Medicine )兽医学院(College of Veterinary Medicine)家畜解剖学 The anatomy of the domestic animals禽病学 Diseases of poultry家畜病理学 The pathology of the domestic animals动物组织学与胚胎学 Histology and embryology of the domestic animals 家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学家禽普通病学 General diseases of poultry中兽医学 Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine兽医临床诊断学 Clinical diagnosis of veterinarian家禽传染病学 Avian infectious diseases家禽内科学 Internal medicine of domestic animals家禽药理学 Poultry pharmacology兽医药理学 Veterinary pharmacology家畜寄生虫学 Parasitology of domestic animals家禽病理学 Pathology of poultry兽医产科学 Veterinary breeding家畜外科学 Veterinary surgery兽医应用免疫学 Veterinary applied immunology动物性食品卫生学 Animal food hygiene家畜传染病学 Infections disease of domestic animals兽医学 Veterinary medicine兽医药理学的毒理学 Veterinary pharmacy toxicology理学院(College of Science)计算机关系数据库 Relationship database计算机应用基础 Fundamentals of computer application 计算机应用基础 Computer applicationC语言程序设计 Programming in C物理化学 Physical chemistry有机化学 Organic chemistry分析化学 Analytical chemistry普通化学 General chemistry化工仪表 Chemical engineering and meter化学实验 Experiment in general chemistry大学物理 College physics应用电子技术 The application of electronic technology概率论 Probability theory线性代数 Linear algebra高等数学 Advanced mathematics必修课 The required courses选修课 Optional courses限选课 Limited optional courses实践课 Practical courses军训 Military training专业劳动 Work in specialty and for production教学实践 Practice in the course生产实习 Training for working毕业论文（设计） The thesis or designing for graduation 物化胶化 Physical colloid chemistry人文科学学院(College of Humanities)法律基础 Fundamentals of law社会主义人生实践 The socialist practice in one’s life形势政策教育 The education of situation and policy马克思主义原理 The course on Marxist theories中国革命史 The history of Chinese revolution中国革命的理论与实践 The theory and practice of the Chinese revolution社会调查研究理论与方法 Theory and method on social investigation and research 中国社会主义建设 China’s socialist construction国际贸易 International trade经济法学 Economic law中国社会主义市场经济概论 An introduction to china’s socialist market economy政治经济学 Political economics西方经济学 Western economics行政管理学 Administration management应用写作 Practical writing思想教育 Ideological education自然科学方法论 The methodology of natural science逻辑学 Logic农业文献检索 Agricultural literature indexing专业英语 Special English体育 Physical training毛泽东思想概论 An introduction to Mao zedong thought邓小平理论概论 An introduction to Deng xiaoping theory教育学 Pedagogy思想道德修养 Thought & moral training教学法 Teaching method应用写作 Practical writing农业史 Agricultural history经济贸易学院(College of Economics and Trade)乡镇企业管理学院(College of Rural Enterprise Management)宏观经济学 Macroeconomics微观经济学 Microeconomics政治经济学 Political economics发展经济学 Development economics农业经济学 Agricultural economics外国农业经济 Foreign agricultural economics中国经济地理 Economy geography in China经济法学 The law of economics国际商法 International commercial law管理信息系统 Management information system农业会计学 Agricultural accounting消费经济学 Consumption economics电算化会计原理 Computer accounting成本会计 Cost accounting统计学原理 Principle of statistics商品流通统计 Accounting in commodity circulation金融统计 Financial statistics会计学原理 Principle of accounting商品流通企业会计 Business accounting in commodity circulation 财务会计学 Financial accounting审计学 Auditing银行会计 Bank accounting农业政策学 Agricultural policy管理学原理 Principle management企业学原理 Business management房地产经营管理 Administration and management of real estate银行经营管理 Administration and management of bank商业企业经营管理 Business administration and management涉外企业管理 Foreign business management资源经济学 Resource economics农产品贸易学 Agricultural products trade国际贸易 International trade进出口贸易实务 Practice in import-Export trade市场营销学 Marketing国际市场营销学 International marketing财政学 Public finance国际金融 International finance证券投资 Investment on securities公共关系学 Public relations货币银行学 Economics of money and banking投资经济学 Economics of investment国际结算 International settlement银行信贷学 Bank credit财政金融 Public finance and monetary economics期货交易理论与实务 Theory and practices of futures土地经济学 Land economics乡镇企业经济管理 The economic management of tow’s enterprise 经济计量学 Economical estimate审计学 audit农学系(Department of Agronomy)农学院(College of Agriculture)制茶学 Manufacture of tea作物育种学（各论） Crop breeding作物育种学（总论） Crop breeding (general discourse)种子学原理 Principles of seed science农业管理学 Agricultural management农产品综合利用 Comprehensive utilization of crop products耕作学 Cultivation science经济作物学 Industry crop science农业气象基础 Agrometeorology遗传学 Genetics茶树栽培学 Tea cultivation茶叶审评与检验 Tea tasting and inspection试验设计与统计分析 Experimental designs and statistical analyses农业生态学 Agroecology农业自然资源利用及农业区划 Utilization of agricultural resources and agricultural regionalization 茶树能种学 Tea plant breeding粮食作物学 Food crop science茶叶生物化学 Biochemistry of tea农业推广学 Agricultural popularization农业环境保护 Agricultural environmental protection作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop cultivation & geoponics蚕桑系(Department of Sericulture)艺术设计学院(College of Art Design)蚕桑综合利用 Silkworm-mulberry multipurpose utilization茧丝学 Cocoon silk science养蚕学 Seri cultural science蚕体解剖生理 Anatomy and physiology of silkworm桑树栽培及育种学 Mulberry cultivation & breeding桑树病虫害防治学蚕种学 Silkworm egg production家蚕遗传育种 Silkworm genetic of thremmatology遗传学 Genetics蚕病学 Silkworm pathology蚕桑学 Sericulture园艺系(Department of Horticulture)园艺学院(College of Horticulture)插花艺术 Art of floweral arrangement蔬菜育种学 Vegetable breeding花卉园艺学 Floriculture园艺商品学 Marketing of horticultural product园艺设施栽培 Horticultural facilities culture植物显微技术 Plant microtechnology园艺通论 General horticulture园艺昆虫学 Horticultural entomology园艺植物育种学 Plant breeding in horticulture果树生理学 Fruit tree physiology园艺研究法 Horticulture studies果树栽培学总论 Pomology园艺产品贮藏保鲜学 Techniques in preservation of horticultural products园艺植物病理学 The pest control of horticulture plant花卉保鲜学 Techniques in preservation of flowers & plants园艺植物生理学 Horticulture plant pathology蔬菜栽培学 Vegetable culture盆景艺术 Pruning采后生理 Post harvest physiology果树抗性育种专题 Special topic on fruit tree resistance园艺植物的生物技术 The biotechnique of horticultural plant园艺概论 An outline of horticulture蔬菜学 Olericulture果树学 Pomology工程技术学院(College of polytechnics)工程学院(College of Engineering)建筑电工 Architectural electrotechnics电工学 Electrotechnics工业电子学 Industrial electronics材料力学 Strength of materials建筑力学（结构力学部分） Mechanics of structure理论力学 Theoretical mechanics机械设计 Machinery design机械原理 Theory of machine and mechanism画法几何学 Drawing geometry机械制图 Engineering drawing工程制图 Engineering drawing园林工程制图 Landscape drawing建筑制图 Building drawing液压技术2 Hydraulic technique 2机械工程材料 Materials of mechanical engineering机床夹具设计原理 Theory of jig design for machine tool冷冲工艺及冷冲模设计 Punching technology and punch die design金属切削原理与刀具 Principle of l cutting and cutting tool金属工艺学 l technology机械制造工艺学 Manufactural technology of machinery金属工艺学 l technology液压技术1 Hydraulic technique 1汽车维修理论 Theory of automobile service汽车运输学 Transportation of automobile互换性与测量技术 Interchangeability and technical measurement汽车构造 Construction of automobile汽车运用工程 Automobile application engineering热工基础 Fundamental of thermo-technology食品干燥工艺与设备 Food drying technology and equipment食品包装机械 Food packaging machinery农业机械学 Agricultural machinery食品工程原理 Theory of food process engineering食品加工机械与设备 Foot processing machinery and equipments砼与砌体结构 Reinforce concrete建筑构造 Structure of building建筑材料 Constructional material建筑施工技术与施工组织 Technology and planning of building operation单层工业厂房排架结构设计 The design of single-factory building with d structure 高层建筑结构设计 Design of high rise building民用建筑设计原理 Design of civil architecture农业系统工程及管理工程 Systems engineering and management engineering资源环境学院(College of Resources and Environment)环境监测 Environmental monitoring土壤农业化学 Agrochemistry analysis生产布局学原理 Principle of productive distribution城镇建设用地管理 Management of land urban construction城市规划原理 Principle of urban planning资源经济学 Resources economics经济地理 Economic geography土地资源调查 Land resources survey地图绘编 Map establishment遥感技术基础 Fundamental of remote sensing technology土地信息系统 Land information system地籍管理 Land management土地规划学 Land planning science土地管理学 Land management土地经济学 Land economic房地产管理 Management of real estate房地产估价 Appraisement of real estate固体废物的处理与处置 Treatment & disposal wastes城市污泥的农业再循环与生态环境 The agricultural recycling of municipal sludge and the ecological environment 大气污染控制工程 Air pollution controlling engineering环境质量评价 Environmental quality assessment环境化学 Environmental chemistry水体污染控制工程 Water pollution controlling engineering环境生态 Environmental ecology土壤污染与防治 Soil pollution环境保护概论 Introduction of environmental protection农业环境保护概论 Introduction of agricultural environmental protection无土栽培原理与技术 Theories and techniques of soilless culture农业化学总论 Introduction of agrochemistry作物施肥原理 Principles of crop fertilization作物营养研究法 Methodology of plant nutrition土壤物理学 Soil physics土壤学 Pedology环境土壤学 Environmental pedology土壤化学 Soil chemistry土壤粘粒矿物 Mineral of soil clay fration土质学基础 Basis of geology土壤地理学 Soil geography区域土壤学 Regional pedology土壤资源调查 Soil resources survey茶树病虫害(病害部分) Tea disease and pest (disease section)植物检疫学 Quarantine for pests植物病毒学 Plant virology果树病理学 Fruit tree pathology果蔬病害 Fruit and vegetable diseases植物免疫学 Plant immunology普通昆虫学 General entomology真菌资源及利用 Fungal resources and their utilization除草剂毒理学 Toxicology of herbicides植物病害生物防治学 Biological prevention and control of plant diseases害虫生物防治 Biological control杀菌剂毒理学 Toxicology of fungicides植物病害流行学 Epidemiology of plant diseases农业螨类学 Agricultural acarology害虫综合防治 Integrated pest management生物统计学 Biometrics城市昆虫学 Civil entomology作物抗虫育种原理及应用 Principle and application of resistant plant breeding 植物病原细菌学 Plant bacteriology植物病理学 Plant pathology真菌分类学 Taxonomy of fungi植物线虫学 Plant nematology农业植物病理学 Agricultural phytopathology普通植物病理学 General phytopathology果蔬昆虫学 Fruit plant & vegetable entomology果蔬贮运病害 Fruit and vegetable diseases during storage食用真菌学 Edible fung林学院College of Forestry数理统计 Mathematical statistics遗传学 Genetics树木育种学 Forest tree breeding树木育苗学 Tree seeds and nursery stock science自然保护区学 Science of nature reserve造林学 Silviculture林业技术经济学 Forestry technology economics森林经营学 Forest management林业经济管理学 Management of forestry economics林业政策与法规 Policies and laws of forestry会计学原理 Fundamentals of accounting树木病理学 Forest pathology测树学 Forest measuration测量学 Surveying森林生态学 Forest ecology森林土壤学 Forest soil science森林经理学 Forest management森林昆虫学 Forest entomology树木学 Dendrology机械设计基础 Fundamentals of mechanical design厂内运输 Equipment of transit in factory胶合板制造学 The manufacturing of plywood木材加工企业管理 Forest products management胶粘剂与涂料 Adhesive and paint木材学 Wood science木材干燥 Timber drying木制品生产工艺学 Tec manufacturing of wood products纤维板制造学 Fiberboard manufacturing technology刨花板制造学 The manufacturing of particleboard木材切削原理与刀具 The principles of wood cutting and tools木工机械 Wood machinery土壤学 Soil science经济林育种学 Economic forest breeding经济林昆虫学 Economic forest entomology经济林病理学 Economic forest pathology经济林栽培学 Economic forest culture园林设计 Parks and gardens design造型艺术 Plastic art城市绿地规划 City open spaces planning园林树木栽培养护学 Garden tree cultivation园林树木学 Ornamental dendrology园林专业绘画课 Painting of landscape architecture城市规划基础 Fundamentals of city planning城市园林绿化经济管理 Economic management of urban landscape gardening 风景园林设计初步 Elementary landscape architecture design园林植物病理学 Ornamental plant pathology园林昆虫学 Ornamental plant entomology园林史 History of landscape architecture园林工程 Landscape architectural engineering土壤学 Soil science城市生态学 Urban ecology森林保护学 Forest protection。

各专业英语专业名词1. 计算机科学：Computer Science，算法（Algorithm），数据结构（Data Structure），编程语言（Programming Language），软件工程（Software Engineering）等。

2. 医学：Medicine，解剖学（Anatomy），生理学（Physiology），药理学（Pharmacology），病理学（Pathology）等。

3. 经济学：Economics，宏观经济学（Macroeconomics），微观经济学（Microeconomics），国际贸易（International Trade），财政学（Finance）等。

4. 物理学：Physics，力学（Mechanics），电磁学（Electromagnetism），热力学（Thermodynamics），量子力学（Quantum Mechanics）等。

5. 生物学：Biology，细胞生物学（Cell Biology），遗传学（Genetics），生态学（Ecology），进化论（Evolution）等。

6. 心理学：Psychology，人格心理学（Personality Psychology），社会心理学（Social Psychology），发展心理学（Developmental Psychology），认知心理学（Cognitive Psychology）等。

7. 工程学：Engineering，机械工程（Mechanical Engineering），电气工程（Electrical Engineering），化学工程（Chemical Engineering），土木工程（Civil Engineering）等。

这只是一小部分专业的英语专业名词示例，每个领域都有其独特的专业术语。

如果你需要特定领域的专业名词，可以提供更多信息，我将尽力为你提供帮助。

• The Quakers' efforts, along with contributions from international conservation organizations
• Provided the beginnings of what is today the Monteverde
.
9
• In 1970, the Costa Rican government and international representatives came together to create the country's first national parks and protected areas.
.
7
At the begining
Quakers: Quakers (or Friends, as they refer tf religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends.
Tortuguero National Park
.
essential nesting beaches for the green turtle
Cahuita National Park
10
protect a prominent coral reef system
Initially the government gave the parks little real support.
Biodiversity value
• Direct value • Indirect value
.
1
Biodiversity value

考研翻译学习资料学科、专业名称中英文互译及相关词汇补充哲学Philosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economicss国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics计量经济学Quantitative Economics应用经济学Applied Economic财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)统计学Statistics (注意也可能为“统计数据”)法学Law / Science of Law/ Legal Science法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science国际政治学International Politics政治制度Political Institution外交学Diplomacy (注意diplomatism 外交手段，外交手腕)国际关系学International Relations社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology教育学Education/ Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle心理学Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology行为学behaviorism文学Literature语言学Linguistics应用语言学Applied Linguistics新闻传播学Journalism and Communication电影学Film历史学History专门史History of Particular Subjects近现代史Modern and Contemporary History世界史World History考古学Archaeology博物馆学Museology数学Mathematics应用数学Applied Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理学Plasma Physics凝聚态物理学Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry天文学Astronomy天体物理学Astrophysics天体测量学Astrometry地球物理学Geophysics大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学Marine Sciences (另：oceanology 海洋资源开发研究，海洋地理研究) 地质学Geology构造地质学Structural Geology生物学Biology微生物学Microbiology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology遗传学Genetics生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science力学Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics理学Natural Science工学Engineering机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering电气工程Electrical Engineering信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture城市规划与设计Urban Planning and Design水利工程Hydraulic Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering兽医学Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry水土保持Soil and Water Conservation荒漠化防治Desertification Combating医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine免疫学Immunology内科学Internal medicine外科学Surgery老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病学Psychiatry护理学Nursing康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学Sports Medicine急诊医学Emergency Medicine公共卫生Public Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene中医学Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science管理学Management Science工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting情报学Information Science通用前缀：比较－comparative应用－applied临床－clinic后－post相关：广义general狭义restricted/ special辩证法/辩证法的，辩证的dialectic悖论paradox谬论fallacy边缘学科/交叉学科interdisciplinary跨学科cross-disciplinary实地研究/现场研究field study理论研究theoretical study文献研究literary study/research评论criticism方法论methodology女权主义feminism现代主义modernism后现代主义post-modernism现实主义realism唯物主义materialism唯心主义idealism （有时为理想主义）内涵connotation(文化内蕴)/ intension外延denotation（字面意义）/extension归纳induction演绎deductionhumanism 人本主义，人文主义humanitarianism 人道主义，博爱主义relativism 相对主义(注意不等于物理学中的“相对论”！) 这学名词A theory that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the personsor groups holding them.相对主义：认为真理的概念及道德价值不是绝对的而是相对于持有它们的人或集团的理论relativity 相对论（物理学名词）Encyclopedia 百科全书Renaissance 文艺复兴（时期的）各种学位名称B.A. or BA 文学士（Bachelor of Arts）B.S. or BS 理学士（Bachelor of Science）M.A. or MA 文科硕士（Master of Arts）M.S. or MS 理科硕士（Master of Science）M.B.A. 工商管理硕士（Master of Business Administration）Ph.D 哲学博士（Doctor of Philosophy）（注意并非所有的博士都是Ph. D）D.S. 理学博士（Doctor of Science）M. D. 医学博士（Doctor of Medicine）Eng.D 工学博士（Doctor of Engineering）。

科普英语词汇大全了解科普领域的专业术语探索科学奥秘科普英语是指将科学知识以简明易懂的方式传播给大众的一种语言表达方式。

随着科学技术的不断发展，科学知识的更新速度也越来越快，掌握科普英语已经成为了现代人的必备技能。

本文将为您介绍一些科普领域常用的专业术语，帮助您更好地了解科学的奥秘。

一、物理学1. 力学（Mechanics）：研究物体运动和作用力的学科。

2. 光学（Optics）：研究光的传播、反射、折射等特性的学科。

3. 电磁学（Electromagnetism）：研究电荷、电流与磁场之间相互作用的学科。

4. 热学（Thermodynamics）：研究热能转化和能量传播的学科。

5. 声学（Acoustics）：研究声音的产生、传播和接收的学科。

二、化学1. 元素（Element）：指由同一种原子构成的物质。

2. 化合物（Compound）：由两个或多个不同元素化合而成的物质。

3. 离子（Ion）：带电的原子或分子。

4. 化学键（Chemical bond）：将原子结合在一起的力。

5. 酸碱（Acid-Base）：指酸和碱之间的化学反应。

三、生物学1. 细胞（Cell）：生物体的基本结构和功能单位。

2. 基因（Gene）：决定生物遗传性状的基本单位。

3. 进化（Evolution）：生物种类和特征随时间推移发生变化的过程。

4. 基因工程（Genetic engineering）：利用DNA重组技术改变生物的遗传特性。

5. 感染（Infection）：病原体进入机体并引起疾病的过程。

四、地质学1. 地壳（Crust）：地球最外层的岩石壳层。

2. 地震（Earthquake）：地壳发生剧烈震动的现象。

3. 火山（Volcano）：地表下喷发岩浆、气体和火山灰等物质的地质现象。

4. 地质年代（Geological era）：地球历史长时间划分的单位。

5. 沉积作用（Sedimentation）：沉积岩形成的过程。

生物学英语中英对照1. 遗传学 Genetics基因 Gene染色体 Chromosome遗传变异 Genetic variation2. 细胞生物学 Cell Biology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞膜 Cell membrane3. 生态学 Ecology生态系统 Ecosystem生物多样性 Biodiversity生物群落 Biome4. 分子生物学 Molecular Biology蛋白质 Protein核酸 Nucleic acid酶 Enzyme5. 发育生物学 Developmental Biology胚胎发育 Embryonic development细胞分化 Cell differentiation形态发生 Morphogenesis6. 植物学 Botany叶绿体 Chloroplast光合作用 Photosynthesis根系 Root system7. 动物学 Zoology器官 Organ组织 Tissue神经系统 Nervous system8. 微生物学 Microbiology细菌 Bacteria病毒 Virus真菌 Fungus9. 生物化学 Biochemistry代谢 MetabolismATP（三磷酸腺苷） ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)酶促反应 Enzymatic reaction10. 生理学 Physiology心脏 Heart肺 Lung肝脏 Liver生物学英语中英对照（续）11. 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology自然选择 Natural selection物种形成 Speciation进化树 Evolutionary tree12. 行为生物学 Behavioral Biology繁殖行为 Reproductive behavior领域行为 Territorial behavior社会行为 Social behavior13. 神经生物学 Neurobiology神经元 Neuron突触 Synapse神经递质 Neurotransmitter14. 免疫学 Immunology抗体 Antibody免疫系统 Immune system炎症 Inflammation15. 营养学 Nutrition蛋白质 Protein碳水化合物 Carbohydrate脂肪 Fat16. 遗传工程 Genetic Engineering基因克隆 Gene cloning基因编辑 Gene editing转基因技术 Genetic modification 17. 生态遗传学 Ecological Genetics种群 Population环境适应性 Environmental adaptation遗传漂变 Genetic drift18. 生物信息学 Bioinformatics基因组学 Genomics蛋白质组学 Proteomics生物数据挖掘 Bioinformatics data mining19. 生物统计学 Biostatistics实验设计 Experimental design数据分析 Data analysis显著性检验 Significance test20. 环境生物学 Environmental Biology环境污染 Environmental pollution生态修复 Ecological restoration生物降解 Biodegradation这份生物学英语中英对照文档旨在帮助您更全面地了解生物学领域的专业术语。

生态学专业英语词汇总结摘要生态学是研究生物与其所处环境之间的相互关系和作用的科学。

生态学专业是培养具有生态学基础理论和方法，能够从事生态系统管理、保护和恢复等工作的高级人才的专业。

生态学专业的本科核心课程包括基础生态学、代谢生态学、种群生态学、群落生态学、保护生物学、进化生物学、生态系统生态学和生态学研究技术等。

本文旨在为生态学专业的学习和教学提供参考。

1. 基础生态学基础生态学是介绍生态学基本概念、原理和方法的课程，主要内容包括生态系统结构和功能、能量流动和物质循环、环境因子对生物分布和适应的影响、种间关系和群落动态等。

该课程涉及的专业英语词汇如下表所示：中文英文生态学ecology生物organism种species种群population群落community生境habitat生态位niche生物多样性biodiversity物种多样性species diversity物种丰富度species richness物种均匀度species evenness物种相似性species similarity物种区系flora and fauna物种地理分布biogeography生物圈biosphere生态系统ecosystem生产者producer消费者consumer分解者decomposer能量流动energy flow物质循环nutrient cycling碳循环carbon cycle氮循环nitrogen cycle磷循环phosphorus cycle环境因子environmental factor光照light温度temperature水分moisture土壤soilpH值pH value盐度salinity适应性adaptation突变mutation自然选择natural selection遗传漂变genetic drift基因流gene flow物种形成speciation物种灭绝extinction种间关系interspecific interaction共生关系symbiosis寄生关系parasitism共利关系mutualism共栖关系commensalism捕食关系predation2. 代谢生态学代谢生态学是研究生物体在不同环境条件下的能量代谢和物质转化过程及其规律的课程，主要内容包括代谢类型、代谢率、代谢平衡、代谢效率、代谢策略等。

Plot 样方Treatment 处理materials 材料field trial 大田试验design 设计sample 样品斑块 patch半荒漠 semi-desert伴生种 companion species饱和密度 saturation density北方针叶林 northern conifer forest 本能 instinct本能行为 instinctive behavior避敌 avoiding predator边缘效应 edge effect变异性 variability表现型适应 phenotypic adaptation 并行的 simultaneous捕食 predation不重叠的 non-overlapping草原生态系统 grassland system层次性结构 hierachical structure 长日照植物 long day plant尺度效应 scaling effect臭氧层破坏 ozone layer destruction出生率 natality或birth rate初级生产者 primary producer传感器 sensor垂直结构 vertical structure春化 vernalization次生演替 secondary successon存活曲线 survival curve存活值 survival value存在度 presence单元的 monothetic淡水生态系统 fresh water ecosystem氮循环 nitrogen cycling等级的 hierarchical地带性生物群落 biome地理信息系统 geographic information system 地面芽植物 hemicryptophytes地上芽植物 chamaephytes点突变 genic mutation或point mutation顶极阶段 climax stage顶极群落 climax community顶极种 climax species动态平衡理论 dynamic equilibrium theory短日照植物 short day plant断层 gaps多度 abundance多样化 variety多元的 poly thetic厄尔尼诺 El Nino反馈 feedback反射 reflex泛化种 generalist防卫行为 defennce behavior非生物环境 physical environment非线性关系 nonlinear分布 dispersion分解者 decomposer分子进化的中性理论 the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学 molecular ecology浮游动物 plankton负反馈 negative feedback)负相互作用 negative interaction复合种群 metapopulation富营养化现象 eutrohication改良 relamation盖度 coverage盖度比 cover ratio干扰 disturbance干扰作用 interference高度 height高斯假说 Coarse's hypothesis高位芽植物 phanerophytes个体 individual更新 renewal功能生态位 functional niche关键种 keystone species关联系数 association coefficients 光饱和点 light saturation point光补偿点 light compensation point 光周期 photoperiod旱生植物 siccocolous红树林 mangrove呼吸量 respiration互利 mutualism互利作用 synomonal化感作用 allelopathy化学生态学 chemical ecology环境 environment环境容纳量 environmental carryin capacity 荒漠 desert荒漠化 desertification荒漠生态系统 desert ecosystem黄化现象 eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学 restoration ecology混合型 mixed type基础生态位 Fundamental niche基质 matrix集群型 clumped寄生 parasitism加速期 accelerating phase价值 value间接排序 indirect ordination间接梯度分析 indirect gradiant analysis减速期 decelerating phase简单聚合法 lumping碱性植物 alkaline soil plant建群种 constructive species进化适应 evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群 classic metapopulation经济密度 economic density景观 landscape景观格局 landscape patten景观过程模型 process based landscape model景观结构 landscape structure景观空间动态模型 spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学 landscape ecology竞争 competition竞争排斥原理 competition exclusion principle距离效应 distance effect聚合的 agglomerative均匀型 uniform可持续发展 sustainable development空间结构 spatial structure空间模型 spatial model空间生态位 spatial niche空间异质性 spatial heterogeneity库 pool廊道 corridor离散性 discrete利己作用 allomona利他作用 kairomonal猎食行为 hunting behavior林冠火 crown fire磷循环 phosphorus cycling零假说 null hypothesis领域性 territoriality流 flow逻辑斯谛方程 logistic equation密度 density密度比 density ratio密度制约死亡 density－dependent mortality 面积效应 area effect灭绝 extinction模拟 hametic模型 modeling内稳态 homeostasis内在的 intrinsic耐阴植物 shade－enduring plants能量分配原则 principle of energy allocation 能量流动 energy flow年龄分布 age distribution年龄结构 age structure偶见种 rare species排序 ordination配额 quota配偶选择 mate selection偏害 amensalism偏利 commensalism频度 frequency平衡选择 balancing selection 平台 plantform平行进化 parallel evolution栖息地 habitat气候驯化 acclimatisation器官 organs趋光性 phototaxis趋化性 chemotaxis趋同进化 convergent evolution 趋性 taxis趋异进化 divergent evolution 趋异适应 radiation adaptation 取样调查法 sampling methods去除取样法 removal sampling全球变暖 global warnning全球定位系统 global Positioning System全球生态学 global ecology群丛 association群丛组 association group群落 community群落的垂直结构 vertical structure群落生态学 community ecology群落水平格局 horizontal pattern群落外貌 physiognomy群落演替 succession群系 formation群系组 formation group热带旱生林 tropical dry forest热带季雨林 tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原 tropical savanna热带雨林 tropical rainforest热力学第一定律 first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块 introduced patch人工廊道 introduced corridor人口调查法 cencus technique人口统计学 human demography日中性植物 day neutral plant冗余 redundancy冗余种假说 Redundancy species hypothesis 森林生态系统 forest ecosystem熵值 entropy value社会性防卫行为 defence behavior社会优势等级 dominance hierarchy摄食行为 feed behavior生活史 life history生活史对策 life history strategy生活小区 biotope生活型 life form生活周期 life cycle生境 habitat生境多样性假说 habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率 physiological natality生理死亡率 physiological mortality生命表 life table生态出生率 ecological natality生态对策 bionomic strategy生态反作用 ecological reaction生态幅 ecological amplitude生态工程 ecological engineering生态规划 ecological planning生态恢复 ecological restoration生态旅游 ecotourism生态密度 ecological density生态农业 ecological agriculture生态入侵 ecological invasion生态设计 ecological design生态适应 ecological adaptation生态死亡率 ecological mortality生态位 niche生态位宽度 niche breadth生态位相似性比例 niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠 niche overlap生态文明 ecological civilization生态系统 ecosystem生态系统产品 ecosystem goods生态系统多样性 ecosystem diversity生态系统服务 ecosystem service生态系统生态学 ecosystem ecology生态系统学 ecosystemology生态型 ecotype生态学 ecology生态因子 ecological factor生态元 ecological unit生态作用 ecological effect生物 organism生物地球化学循环 biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性 biodiversity生物量 biomass生物潜能 biotic potential生物群落 biotic community，biome生物群落演替 succession生殖潜能 reproductive potential剩余空间 residual space湿地 wetland湿地植物 hygrophyte时间结构 temporal structure实际出生率 realized natality实际死亡率 realized mortality食草动物 herbivores食肉动物 carnivores食物链 food chain食物网 food wed矢量 vector适合度 fitness适应辐射 adaptive radiation适应值 adaptive value适应组合 adaptive suites收获理论 harvest theory收益外泄 externalized profit衰退型种群 contracting population水平格局 horizontal pattern水土流失 soil and water erosion水循环 water cycling死亡率 mortality & death rate酸性土理论 acid soil plant酸雨 acid rain随机型 random常用生态学词汇，英汉对照abundance 多度acclimation 驯化age structure 年龄结构age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表agroecosystem 农业生态系统alleles 等位基因allopatric speciation 异域性物种asexual reproduction 无性生殖association table 群丛表association unit theory 群丛单位理论associations 群丛biocoenosis 生物群落bioconcentration 生物浓缩biological enrichment 生物富集biomass 生物量biome 生物带bionomic strategy 生态对策biosphere生物圈bottle neck 瓶颈Some special words in ecology(C) cannibalism 同种相食carnivores 食肉动物carring capacity 负荷量catastrophic 灾难性因素chamaephytes(Ch) 地上芽植物character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 阴性植物climate climax 气候顶级climate school 气候学派climax community 顶级群落climax 顶级群落cline 渐变群closed community 封闭群落clumped 集群分布coadapted system 协同适应系统coarse grained 粗粒性分布co-dynamics 相互动态co-evolution 协同进化cohort 同生群cold desert 冷荒漠colonization 定居, 建群coloration 色泽communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落Community ecology 群落生态学community matrix 群落矩阵community organization 群落组织community 群落companion species 伴生种compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食competition coefficient 竞争系数competition hypothesis 竞争假说competitive exclusion 竞争排除competive lottery 抽彩式竞争conservation 保守主义者conspicuousness 显著度constancy 恒有度contest competition 干扰竞争contest type of competition 争夺型竞争continental rise 大陆隆continental shelf 大陆架continental slope 大陆坡convergent adaptation 趋同适应convergent oscillation 趋同波动cost of gene recombination 基因重组价cost of mating 交配价cost of meiosis 减数分裂价courtship behavior 求偶行为coverage 盖度crude density 原始密度cryptophytes(Cr) 隐芽植物Some special words in ecology(D) decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制约density effect 密度效应density ratio 密度比density-dependent 密度制约density-independent 非密度制约deterministic model 决定模型detrial food chain 碎食物链detritus feeder 食碎生物development 发育diagrammatic life table 图解式生命表diapause 滞育differential species 区别种diffuse competition 分散竞争diominant-submissive 支配—从属directional selection 定向选择discrete generation 离散世代disruptive selection 分裂选择disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途顶级divergent oscillation 趋异波动dominance 优势度dominant species 建群种dominant species 优势种dominant-submissive 支配—从属关系dry desert 干荒漠dynamic classification 动态分类系统dynamic life table 动态生命表dynamic-composite life table 动态混合生命表Some special words in ecology(E)earth nucleus 地幔earth's crust 地核Ecological amplitude 生态幅ecological density 生态密度ecological dominance 生态优势ecological environment 生态环境ecological equivalent 生态等值种ecological factor 生态因子ecological force 生态力ecological invasion 生态入侵ecological natality 生态出生率ecological release 生态释放Ecology生态学ecosystem development 生态系统的发育Ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学ecosystem 生态系统ecotone hypothesis 生态交错带假说ecotype 生态型ectotherm 外温动物edge effect 边缘效应eitolation phenomenon 黄化现象emergy 能值emigration 迁出endogenous migration 内因性迁移endotherm 内温动物environment hormone 环境激素environment 环境equilibrium theory 平衡理论euphotic zone 透光带euryecious 广栖的euryhaline 广盐性的euryhydric 广水性的euryphagic 广食性的eurythermal 广温性的eurytopic species 广适种eutrophication 富营养化evergreen hardwood forest 常绿硬材林Evolution ecology 进化生态学evolution force 进化力exogenous migration 外因性迁移exploitive competition 利用竞争exponetial growth 指数增长Some special words in ecology(F) facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖facultative 兼性因素family selection 家庭选择farmland ecosystem 农田生态系统fecundity schedule 生育力表fecundity 生育力feedback 反馈feeding niches 取食生态位filter food 滤食性生物fine grained 细粒性分布finite rate of increase 周限增长率fitness 合适度floristic-structural classification 植物区系—结构分类系统fluctuation 波动food chain 食物链formation group 群系组formation 群系formation 植物群系foundational niche 基础生态龛freshwater ecology 淡水生态学freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统function response 功能反应Some special words in ecology(G)gamete selection 配子选择gaps 缺口gaseous cycle 气体循环geng pool 基因库geographic variation 地理变异geographical theory of speciation 物种形成geometric growth 几何级数增长geophytes(G) 地下芽植物global ecology 全球生态gradient hypothesis 梯度假说grain 粒性grazer 牧食生物grazing food chain 捕食食物链greenhouse effect 温室效应gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素gross primary production 总初级生产力group selection 群体选择group selection 群体选择group selection 群选择growth form 生长型guild 同资源团Some special words in ecology(H) habal zone 深渊带habitat 生境heath 石楠群丛height 高度hemicryptophytes(He) 地面芽植物herbivore 植食herbivores 植食动物heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophs 异养生物hibernation 冬眠homeostasis 内稳态homeostasis 自调节稳态homeostatic organism 内稳态生物homeostatic process 内稳定过程human demography 人口统计学Human ecology 人类生态学humus 腐殖质hydrarch succession 水生演替hydrosere 水生演替系列Some special words in ecology(I) immigration 迁入importance value 重要值individual converse rate 个体转化率industrial melanism 工业黑化现象inner capacity increase 内禀增长力inner-environment 内环境instantaneous rate of increase 瞬间增长率intensity 强度interference competition 干扰竞争interference competition 干扰竞争intermediate disturbance hypothesis中度干扰假说internal distribution pattern 内分布型interspecfic relationship 种间关系intertidal zone 潮间带intraspecific relationship 种内关系inversely density dependent 反密度制约Island ecology 岛屿生态学iteroparity 多次繁殖生物iteroparous 多次生殖Some special words in ecology(J--L)JJordan's rule 约丹定律Kkeystone species 关键种kin selection 亲属选择kin selection 亲属选择k-strategists k-策略者Lland cover 土地覆盖land use 土地利用Landscape ecology 景观生态学law of constant final yield 最后产量衡值法则law of the minimum 最小因子法则law of tolerance 耐受性法则layer 层leached layer 淋溶层leaf area index 叶面积指数leaf area index（LAS）叶面积指数lentic ecosystem 静水生态系统life cycle 生活周期life expectancy 生命期望life form spectrum 生活型谱life form 生活型life history strategy 生活史对策life history 生活史lifespan 生活年限lifetime 寿命limit of tolerance 忍受性限度littoral zone 沿岸带lotic ecosystem 流水生态系统Some special words in ecology(M) macroclimate 大气候macrofauna 大型生物Marine ecology 海洋生态学marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统maximum natality 最大出生率maximum sustained yield 最大持续生产量megafauna 巨型生物mexofauna 中型生物microclimate 小气候microcolony 微菌落microcommunities 小群落micro-ecosystem 微生态系统micro-environment 微环境microfauna 小型生物microplankton 小型浮游生物migration 迁徙migration 迁移modular organism 构件生物modules 构件Molecular ecology 分子生态学monoclimax theory 单元演替顶级monocultute 单种养殖monogamy 单配偶制monpohagous 单食性monsoon forest 季风林mortality curve 死亡曲线mortality 死亡率mosaic 镶嵌性Some special words in ecology(N) natality 出生率n-dimensional niche n维生态龛negative feedback 负反馈net primary production(GP) 净初级生产力neutrality controversy 中性说论战niche compression 生态位压缩niche separation 生态位分离niche shift 生态位分离niche 生态位non-equilibrium theory 非平衡理论non-homeostatic organism 非内稳态生物Some special words in ecology(O) obiotic component 非生物成分ocean-current 洋流ohort life table 同群生命表omnivores 杂食动物open community 开放群落open shrublands 稀疏灌丛opportunist 机会主义者ordination 排序ornamentation 修饰Some special words in ecology(P) panclimax 泛顶级pantropical 泛热带区parabiosphere 副生物圈parasites 寄生生物parasitoidism 拟寄生parent material 母质层parental care 亲代关怀parental investment 亲本投资patchiness 斑块性per capita growth rate 每员增长率perclimax 前顶级peritrophic mycorrhizae 周边营养性菌根phanerophytes(Ph) 高位芽植物phenotype 表现型photoperiodism 光周期现象phyplankton 浮游植物physiognomy 外貌Physiological ecology 生理生态学physiological natality 生理出生率phytochrom 色素pioneer community 先锋群落pjarapatric speciation 邻域性物种plankon 浮游生物Poission distribution 泊松分布polyandry 一雌多雄制polyclimax theory 多元顶级理论polygamy 多配偶制polygyny 一雄多雌制polymorphism 多型现象polyphagous 多食性的Population ecology 种群生态学population 种群porosity 粒间空隙positive feedback 正反馈postclimax 超顶级predation 捕食者predator 捕食者present reproductive value 当年繁殖价值prevail climax 优势顶级prey 猎物prezygotic mechanism 合子前隔离primary production 初级生产primary succession 初级演替primary succession 原生演替principle of allocation 分配原理principle of competitive exclusion 竞争互斥原理production rate 生产率production 生产量productivity 生产力progressive succession 进展演替protogynous hermaphriodism 雌雄同体pyramid of energy 能量金字塔Some special words in ecology(R)radiation adaptation 趋异适应random 随机分布rare species 偶见种reaction time lag 反应滞时reactive species 反映性物种realized natality 实际出生率realized nick 实际生态龛regressive succession 逆行演替relative frequency 相对频度relative reproductive value相对生殖值reproduction effect 生殖成效reproductive cost 繁殖成本reproductive pattern 生殖格局reproductive time lag 生殖滞时reproductive value 生殖值residual reproductive value 剩余繁殖价值resilient stability 恢复稳定性resistant stability 抵抗稳定性Restoration ecology 恢复生态学richness 丰度r-k continuum of strategies r-k 策略连续系统r-strategists r-策略者Some special words in ecology(S) saprovores 食腐者savanna woodland 热带稀树草原林地scavenger 食腐者sciophytes 阳性植物scramble competition 利用竞争scramble type of competition 分摊型竞争secondary metabolites 次生代谢物质secondary production 次级生产力secondary succession 次生演替secondary 次级演替sedimentary cycle 沉积循环selective fertilization 选择受精self-destructive 自我破坏semelparity 一次繁殖生物semelparous 一次生殖sex ratio 性比sexual dimorphism 雌雄二形现象sexual reproduction 有性生殖sexual selection 性选择sexual selection 性选择shade plants 耐阴性植物Shannon-Weiner index 香农—威纳指数sieve selection hypothesis 筛选说similarity 相似度Simpson's diversity index 辛普森多样性指数social group 社群social hierarchy 社会等级social-economic-natural complex ecosystem 社会--经济--自然复合系统solar emergy 太阳能值solar emjoules 太阳能焦耳solar transformity 太阳能值转换率spatial pattern 空间格局special heterogeneity 空间异质性speciation 物种形成species area curve 物种面积曲线species diversity 物种多样性species evenness or equitability 种的均匀度species heterogeneity 种的不齐性species turnover rate 种的周转率spore reproduction 孢子生殖stability-resilience 稳定恢复力stabilizing selection 稳定选择standing crop 现存量static life table 静态生命表stenoecious 窄栖性的stenohaline 窄盐性的stenohydric 窄水性的stenophagic 窄食性的stenothermal 窄温性的steppe and semideserty 干草原和半荒漠stochastic model 随机模型stratification 成层现象subassociation 亚群丛组subdominant 亚优势种subformation 亚群系succession 演替succulent 肉质植物succulent 肉质植物summed dominance ratio（SDR）综合优势比summer-green deciduous forest 夏绿落叶林survivorship curve 存活曲线sympatric speciation 同域性物种Synecology 群落生态学synusia 层片Some special words in ecology(T) Terrestrial ecology 陆地生态学territorial behavior 领域行为territoriality 领域性the -2/3 thinning law -2/3自疏法则the effect of neighbours 邻接效应therophytes (Th) 一年生植物thertnoperiodism 温周期现象thorn forest and scrub 多刺森林和密灌丛time-specific life table 特定时间生命表torpor 蛰伏total neutrality hypothesis 中性说trophic level 营养级trophic relationship 营养的联系trophic relationship 营养联系tundra and cold forest 苔原和冷森林Some special words in ecology(U--Z) Uuniform 均匀分布unitary organism 单体生物univoltine insects 一化性的昆虫upper horizon 覆盖层Urban ecology 城市生态学Vvegetation subtype 植被亚型vegetation type group 植被型组vegetation type 植被型vegetative propagation 营养生殖volume 体积Wwater cycle 水循环weight 重量Xxerarch succession 旱生演替xerophytes 旱生植物Zzero net growth isoline（ZNGI）零增长线zone of emergent vegetation 挺水植物带zooplankton 浮游动物。

价值评估实例
森林生态系统提供的碳汇服务，可通过计算其吸收二氧化碳的量，再根据碳汇交易市场价格来评估其价值。
价值评估意义
通过价值评估，可以更好地认识生态系统服务的价值，为生态补偿和生态保护提供依据。
采取生态保护红线、自然保护区、生态补偿等措施来保护生态系统服务。
保护措施
管理策略
国际合作
实施可持续土地利用、生态农业、生态旅游等管理策略，促进生态系统服务的可持续利用。
森林砍伐
城市化进程中，大量的土地被转化为城市建设，破坏了原有的生态系统，影响了动植物的生存和迁徙。
城市化进程
为了满足人类的食物需求，大量的土地被转化为农业用地，导致天然植被减少，生物多样性降低。
农业扩张
The impact of land use change
大气污染
工业废气、汽车尾气等排放到大气中，导致空气质量恶化，影响人类健康，并对全球气候变化产生影响。
气候变化导致生态系统中的物种数量和种群大小发生变化，影响生态系统的稳定性和功能。
生物多样性降低
气候变化导致一些物种灭绝或濒临灭绝，使生物多样性降低。
物种分布改变
由于气候变化，一些物种的生存环境受到威胁，导致它们的分布范围缩小或消失。
The impact of climate change on ecosystems
Research methods for biodiversity
总结词：Researchers use various methods to study biodiversity, including field surveys, ecological modeling, DNA barcoding, and metabarcoding.

环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。

环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地表水surface water水位water level下渗（入渗）sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout 含水层aquifer 隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮（红潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation 河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material 土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度p recipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing猎（渔）期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化（催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN 干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method 废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator 机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter 水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system 氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tank intermittent aeration tank system(需氧池－间歇池)A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of cape townVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludgeblanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation 污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissibleconcentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentration(LD50)剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 总量控制total discharge control of pollutant 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention, combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system 环境监测environment monitoring环境标志environmental label 清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard “三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compendium on eco-environmental protection 地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP) 国民生产净值net national production(NNP)11国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security 代际公平equality between generation末端控制terminal control 公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china12。

专业英语环境：environment 环境工程：environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness 环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing生物圈：biosphere 生态学：ecology生态系统：ecosystem 生态平衡：ecological balance生态破坏：ecological damage生物群落：biological community猎食者：predator 食物链：food chain被猎食者：prey 营养级：trophic level物质循环：material cycle信息反馈：information feedback能量传递：energy transfer物质不灭定律：the law of conservation of mass能量守恒定律：the law of conservation of energy物料平衡定律：Material balance principle水环境：watershed 水体：water body流域：watershed 水质：water quality水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality indexDS：dissolved solids BOD：biochemical oxygen demand TDS：total dissolved solids COD：chemical oxygen demand TSS：total suspended solids DO：dissolved oxygenTOC：total organic carbon PH值：TN：总氮total nitrogen TP：总磷phosphorusZn：zinc Cu：CopperAs：arsenic Cd：CadmiumCr：chromium Ni：NickelHg：mercury Pb：plumbum物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening生物处理：biological treatment 沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：biofilm process bio-membrane process厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contact SBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank中和池：neutralization tank调节池：adjusting tank生物反应池：biological reactor加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation大气环境：airshed 气体净化：atmospheric cleanup对流层：troposphere 摩擦层：frictional layer？平流层：stratosphere 中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere 臭氧层：ozonosphere粉尘：dust 气溶胶：aerosol烟雾：smoke 降尘：dust fall飘尘：floating dust 可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides硝酸：nitric acid 盐酸：hydrochloric acid硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal吸收：absorption吸附：adsorptionGAC（颗粒活性炭）：granular a c tivated carbonPAC（粉末活性炭）：powdered a c tivated carbonACF（活性炭纤维）：a c tivated carbon fiber静电除尘：electric dust precipitation重力除尘：gravitational settling臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging凝聚：flocculation植物吸收：植物吸附：土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity光辐射：optical radiation光合成：Photosynthesis易燃性：ignitability易爆性：ignitability反应性：reactivity传染性：infectivity腐蚀性：corrosivityEIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design大气污染控制工程：air pollution control水污染控制工程：water pollution control固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management污染物：pollutant污染源：pollution source同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes消纳作用：Digestive Function 危险废物：hazardous wastes城市生活垃圾：municipal wastes化学污泥chemical sludge：生物污泥：biological sludge工业固废：industrial wastes 分选处理：separation treatment矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge ？污泥浓缩：sludge thickening带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration生物转化作用：biotransformation热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical conversion固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollution control无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution control固体废物处理：processing and recovery处置：disposal物质回收：materials recovery 物质转化：material conversion能量回收：energy recovery 能量转化：energy conversion1.Environmental engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering that is concernedwith protecting the environment from the potential, deleterious effects of human activity, protecting human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors, and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括①保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响②保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响③持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。

《环境生态工程专业英语》课程教学大纲English for eco-engineering of Environment一、课程基本信息（一）知识目标：熟悉环境生态工程英语，掌握一定量的专业英语词汇，熟悉基本的英语科技论文写作句式，掌握英文题目，摘要与关键词的撰写。

（二）能力目标：培养学生检索和阅读外文文献的能力，提高学生用英语表达专业知识的能力。

（三）素质目标：培养学生阅读英文原版教科书和学术文献的习惯，形成与英语相对应的学术思维逻辑。

三、基本要求— 1 —（一）了解科技英语的特点与重要性。

（二）理解科技英语表达与汉语的表达差异。

（三）掌握基本的环境生态工程专业英语词汇，熟悉基本的英语科技论文写作句式，掌握英文题目，摘要与关键词的撰写。

四、教学内容与学时分配第I部分：阅读理解第一章个体生态学4学时知识点：1.生物与光环境2. 生物与温度环境3. 生物与水环境4. 案例讨论：气候变暖与一种陆地蛇类的灭绝。

本章小结:主要学习动、植物生理生态学的基本概念、基本原理。

重点：相关术语解释、专业词汇及其应用以及文章结构层次等专业英语知识。

难点：相关文章结构层次等专业英语知识。

思考题：How are water and temperature regulation related in many terrestrial organisms?作业：Why don’t hummingbirds save energy by going into torpor at night even when food supplies are abundant? In other words, what would be a possible disadvantage of routine, nightly torpor?建议教学方法：课堂讲授结合课堂讨论。

第二章种群生态学10学时第一节种群的数量与动态 2学时知识点：1. 种群的定义与基本特征2. 种群的空间分布特征3. 种群的数量动态4. 案例讨论：Rarity and Vulnerability to Extinction— 2 —第二节种内相互关系4学时知识点：1. 种内竞争2. 性别生态学3. 领域与社会等级行为4. 集群5. 案例讨论： Behavior ecology and conservation第三节种间相互关系4学时知识点：1.竞争2.捕食3.寄生4.共生5.案例讨论：1）Competition between native and invasive species2）Mutualism and Humans3）Using predators to control a parasite本章小结：本章主要学习种群的数量与动态，种内与种间相互作用的生态学的基本概念、基本原理。

生态学英语名词解释
生态学是研究生物与环境相互作用的学科，涉及很多专业术语。

本文将为您
介绍一些常用的生态学英语名词，帮助您更好地理解生态学相关的英文文章和研
究成果。

1. Biodiversity - 生物多样性
生物多样性是指地球上所有生物种类、基因和生态系统的多样性。

包括物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统多样性。

2. Habitat - 栖息地
栖息地是指为某种生物提供生存和繁殖条件的自然环境或生态
系统。

3. Community - 群落
群落是指在一定空间内所有生物种群的集合体，包括动物、植物和微生物。

4. Ecosystem - 生态系统
生态系统是指生物群落与其非生物环境相互作用的系统，包括生物、土壤、水和气候等环境因素。

5. Biome - 生物群系
生物群系是指在地球上不同地区、具有相似气候和生态条件的生物群落集合体。

6. Endangered species - 濒危物种
濒危物种是指受到威胁、数量锐减、分布范围缩小的物种。

7. Conservation - 保护
保护是指采取措施，保护自然资源和生物多样性，防止生态系统受到破坏或破坏已经发生的生态系统得到修复。

8. Pollution - 污染
污染是指环境中某些物质或能量的浓度或强度超过某种生态系
统或生物种群的容忍限度，而对生态系统或生物种群造成损害的现象。

9. Climate change - 气候变化
气候变化是指地球气候在长期时间尺度上发生的变化，可能是自然因素或人类活动引起的。