中国文化特色词语英译

生态翻译视角的中国特色词汇英译随着中国不断深化改革开放和全面发展，许多独具中国特色的词汇正在逐渐走向世界，并被国际社会认可和使用。

这些词汇涵盖了中国的种种文化、历史、政治、经济等方面，具有丰富的内涵和独特的表达方式。

本文将从生态翻译的视角出发，介绍一些中国特色词汇的英文翻译。

一、绿色发展绿色发展是中国在新时代下提出的重要理念，旨在推动经济发展与环境保护的协同发展。

绿色发展的英文翻译常用"green development"或"environmentally friendly development"，强调经济和环境之间的平衡与协调。

二、低碳经济低碳经济是指在资源利用和环境保护方面采用低碳技术和低碳产业，减少对大气中二氧化碳排放的依赖，以减少对气候变化的负面影响。

低碳经济的英文翻译常用"low-carbon economy"，强调对碳排放的限制和减少。

三、生态文明生态文明是中国在新时代下提出的核心发展理念之一，旨在构建人与自然和谐共存、持续发展的现代化社会。

生态文明的英文翻译常用"ecological civilization"，强调人类与自然的和谐和可持续发展。

四、绿色农业绿色农业是指在农业生产过程中采用环境友好的技术和方法，减少农业对环境的负面影响，提高农产品的质量和安全。

绿色农业的英文翻译常用"green agriculture"，强调农业的环保和可持续发展。

五、生态保护生态保护是指针对生态环境中的物种、种群和生态系统进行的各种保护措施和行动，以维护和保护生态系统的完整性和稳定性。

生态保护的英文翻译常用"ecological conservation"，强调对生态系统的保护和维护。

七、生态城市生态城市是指在城市规划和建设中注重生态环境保护，通过合理的城市布局、绿化覆盖和资源有效利用，创造良好的生态环境和人居条件。

40个有中国特色的英语词语由于中英两种语言和东西方文化之间的内在差异，我们在翻译一些具有中国特色的词语时，常常会出现让老外费解的中式英语。

为了帮助大家不断积累一些这方面的地道的表达，特此贡献40个有中国特色词语的地道的英文表述。

１）豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects２）素质教育education for all-round development３）下岗工人laid-off worker４）合资企业joint venture５）独资企业solely-foreign-funded company６）国有企业state-owned enterprise７）宏观调控macro-control８）西部大开发Development of the West Regions９）台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots１０）弱势群体disadvantaged groups１１）小康社会a well-off society１２）与时俱进advance with the times１３）三个代表Three Represents Theory１４）西电东送，西气东输electricity and gas transmission from the West to the East１５）下岗工人再就业the re-employment of laid-off workers１６）和谐社会harmonious society１７）义务教育compulsory education１８）计划生育family planning / one-child policy１９）扩大内需expand domestic demand / stimulate domestic demand２０）对外开放open up to the outside world２１）改革开放reform and opening-up２２）现代化建设modernization drive２３）劳动密集型labor-intensive２４）抗日战争War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression; Anti-Japan War２５）一国两制one country, two systems.２６）港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong２７）全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)２８）全国人大代表deputy to the National People’s Congress２９）中共中央委员会CPC (Communist Party of China) Central Committee３０）中国政协委员member of the National Committee of the CPPCC３１）中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会（简称全国政协）National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)３２）第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress３３）高等教育“２１１”工程：the “211” Project for higher education３４）最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court３５）国务院the State Council３６）中央军委the Central Military Commission３７）最高检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate３８）常务委员会Standing Committee３９）科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology are the primary productive force.４０）平等互利，协商一致，求同存异，自主自愿advocating equality and mutual benefit, reaching consensus through consultation and seeking common ground while reserving differences.。

汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化概述general terms集体主义collectivism爱国主义精神patriotism诚实守信honesty公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times whileencouraging diversity全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics andfamily virtues为人民服务serving the people深入群众，深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times中华文明博大精深，源远流长。

The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound, and has a long history.重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations一、传统节日风俗文化三节(中国的三天传统节日：端午节、中秋节和春节)the three Chinese traditional festivals—Dragon-Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Spring Festival1. 春节Spring Festival/ Chinese New Year大扫除 year-end household cleaning扎花灯焰火make ornamental lanterns and fireworks烧纸钱burn paper coins/ burn paper money烧香burn incenses in a censer除夕New Year’s Eve春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year)年画New Year picture年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve压岁钱 New-Year Money/money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing)拜年paying a New Year call贺年片 New Year film恭喜发财 May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best!2. 元宵节 Lantern Festival元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival)庙会temple fair观灯viewing the lanterns灯谜lantern riddles龙灯舞 dragon lantern dance狮子舞lion dance秧歌舞yangge dance植树节 Tree-planting Day3. 清明节 Tomb-sweeping Festival/ Tomb-sweeping Day/ Ch’ing Ming Festival 扫墓 paying respect to the dead《清明上河图》 A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival4. 端午节 Dragon Boat Festiva l Duanwu Festival赛龙舟dragon-boat race粽子zongji/ glutinous rice wrapped in a pyramid shape dumpling in reed leaves5. 七夕节Double-seventh Festival6. 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival赏月enjoying the full moon月饼moon cake团圆be united7. 重阳节 Double-ninth Festival登高hill climbing饮酒wine drinking赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum吃糕eating cakes （糕与“高”谐音）国庆节National Day8. 冬至the winter solstice 冬至饭winter solstice dinner9. 立春the Beginning of Spring/ early spring10. 秋老虎autumn tiger11. 芒种节Festival of Grain in Ear12. 春分Rain Begins13. 白露White Dew14. 霜降Frost Falls15. 小雪Slight Snow放风筝图的是这一乐，所以说放晦气。

英语中六个中国特色的音译词近日有中国媒体为“《牛津英语词典》可能收录‘土豪’（Tuhao）等中文词”这类新闻自得：“中国贡献的英语单词，正不知不觉、越来越多地融入了国际生活的方方面面……从深层次看……反映了中国正在融入全球化进程。

”现在像“Guanxi”、“Chengguan”这种“中国特色”的中文音译词语经常出现英文读物中。

这些词源于中国没错，却不见得可以自豪。

“Guanxi”：被收入牛津词典的最出名中文音译词.被收入牛津词典的中文音译词，最出名的就是“Guanxi”。

《牛津英语词典》对此的释义是：“源于中国普通话，字面上理解和‘联系’是一个意思，特指在中国有助于商业活动和其他交易的社交网络系统、有影响力的人际关系。

”2013年美国《大西洋月刊》的一篇文章《摩根大通在中国：为何‘照常营业’越来越难》对“Guanxi”这个字在英语语境中的含义做了更明白的解读：“每个去中国的外国人到中国后不久，都会学到一个神奇的单词：‘Guanxi’。

这是这个13亿人的国家中必要的东西。

有了‘Guanxi’，就能意味着得到一份工作、进入不错的学校、或帮助新企业避免不必要的政府关注。

‘拉拉’‘Guanxi’，就能快速而不费事地解决棘手的问题。

”Chengguan”：源于媒体对“中国市政准警察力量”的报道.Chengguan”这一单词，源于英文媒体报道中国城管时无法找到对应的英文单词，只能音译。

2013年7月《大西洋月刊》介绍中国“城管”制度的文章题目便是《见过“Chengguan”：中国受憎恨的、暴虐的地方警察》，其中对“Chengguan”的介绍是：“作为在中国最被广泛厌恶的市政警察，从常规警察部门中分离出来的‘Chengguan’负责管理城市生活中最卑下的一部分……虽然每个社会都有警察滥用暴力，但‘Chengguan’的残暴是中国独有的。

”2013年8月《华尔街日报》以《中国城市准警察的定时炸弹》一文来介绍“城管”制度：“‘Chengguan’是中国城市政府组织、雇佣的辅助性准警察力量，负责管理各种市政问题。

中华思想文化术语----20个中英文对照词了解传统文化近日，“中华思想文化术语传播工程”第二批术语对外发布，对“居安思危”“上善若水”等反映中华传统文化特征与思维方式的核心术语，作出了简明的中文释义和英文翻译。

今天，“微言教育”继续向大家亮出这些词语，我们一起学习吧。

【英译】Jingjie(VisionaryWorld)【释义】“境界”本指疆域边界、土地边界，后来在佛经翻译中，“境界”一词被用于精神领域，指人破除对于物质世界的沉迷后所达到的精神层次或修为境域。

作为文艺术语，主要指文艺作品中所表现出的审美层次和境域，是作者的创造力、理解力和审美能力在精神层面的综合呈现。

有境界的作品是作者真实人格的显现，具备超越凡俗的意味，更能引发读者的共鸣，激发读者的想象，甚至提升读者的感受。

“意境”形成较早，而“境界”主要受中唐以后佛教思想的影响而形成。

近代学者王国维《人间词话》对境界的阐释最多。

王国维往往将“意境”与“境界”概念通用。

他构建了融合西方美学与中国古典美学为一体的“境界论”。

但一般说来，意境侧重作者主观寓意与作品形象的完满融会，通过鉴赏使想象得到发挥，而境界则突出心灵感悟使艺术形象得到升华，强调心灵世界对于作品层次的提升。

【英译】AestheticConceptionTranscendsConcreteObjectsDescribed.【释义】诗文中的审美意境往往在物象之外，需要鉴赏者领悟其中的精神之美。

“境”指作品所创造的审美意境，“象”是作品中所呈现出的具体物象。

诗歌由语言文字写成，所描写的都是一个个物象，在这些具体的物象之外，能够形成整体的审美情境。

唐代诗人刘禹锡首次提出这个命题，表达对诗歌意趣的思考，强调文字与物象是确切的，而审美情境却是微妙而难以言传的。

在古典诗论意境说的形成过程中，“境生象外”是一个重要的发展阶段。

【英译】BeonAlertAgainstPotentialDangerWhenLivinginPeace【释义】处在安宁的环境中，要想到可能出现的危难。

120个中国传统文化名词及其英译以下是120个中国传统文化名词及其英译：1. 春节(Spring Festival)2. 元宵节(Lantern Festival)3. 清明节(Tomb-Sweeping Day)4. 端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)5. 中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)6. 重阳节(Double Ninth Festival)7. 除夕(New Year's Eve)8. 书法(Calligraphy)9. 国画(Traditional Chinese Painting)10. 剪纸(Paper Cutting)11. 对联(Spring Festival Couplets)12. 风筝(Kite)13. 中国结(Chinese Knotting)14. 灯笼(Lantern)15. 灯谜(Lantern Riddles)16. 茶文化(Tea Culture)17. 热闹(Noise and Excitement)18. 团圆(Reunion)19. 红包(Red Envelope)20. 长寿(Longevity)21. 福字(Fu Character)22. 禅宗(Zen Buddhism)23. 道教(Taoism)24. 佛教(Buddhism)25. 儒家(Confucianism)26. 旗袍(Qipao)27. 长衫(Long Shirt)28. 唱戏(Opera)29. 京剧(Peking Opera)30. 象棋(Chinese Chess)31. 麻将(Mahjong)32. 瓜子(Sunflower Seeds)33. 腊八节(Laba Festival)34. 元宵(Tangyuan)35. 饺子(Dumplings)36. 年糕(Nian Gao)37. 火锅(Hot Pot)38. 炸酱面(Noodles with Soybean Paste)39. 午餐肉(Luncheon Meat)40. 豆腐(Tofu)41. 麻婆豆腐(Mapo Tofu)42. 宫保鸡丁(Kung Pao Chicken)43. 鱼香肉丝(Fish-Flavored Shredded Pork)44. 红烧肉(Braised Pork Belly)45. 糖葫芦(Candied Fruit on a Stick)46. 美食(Delicacy)47. 食文化(Food Culture)48. 酒文化(Wine Culture)49. 茅台酒(Maotai)50. 龙井茶(Longjing Tea)51. 碧螺春(Biluochun Tea)52. 普洱茶(Pu'er Tea)53. 茶道(Tea Ceremony)54. 茶艺(Tea Art)55. 书法(Calligraphy)56. 绘画(Painting)57. 雕塑(Sculpture)58. 陶艺(Pottery)59. 瓷器(Porcelain)60. 纺织(Textile)61. 刺绣(Embroidery)62. 缝纫(Sewing)63. 针灸(Acupuncture)64. 中药(Traditional Chinese Medicine)65. 草药(Herbal Medicine)66. 风水(Fengshui)67. 堪舆(Kanyu)68. 儒家经典(Confucian Classics)69. 四书五经(Four Books and Five Classics)70. 《大学》(The Great Learning)71. 《中庸》(The Doctrine of the Mean)72. 《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)73. 《孟子》(The Mencius)74. 《诗经》(The Book of Songs)75. 《尚书》(The Book of Documents)76. 《礼记》(The Book of Rites)77. 《易经》(The Book of Changes)78. 《春秋》(The Spring and Autumn Annals)79. 《孝经》(The Book of Filial Piety)80. 《尔雅》(The Book of Erya)81. 儒家思想(Confucian Thought)82. 道家思想(Taoist Thought)83. 佛教思想(Buddhist Thought)84. 法家思想(Legalist Thought)85. 墨家思想(Mohist Thought)86. 阴阳五行(Yin and Yang, Five Elements)87. 八卦(Eight Trigrams)88. 易经(I Ching)89. 太极(Tai Chi)90. 武术(Wushu)91. 少林寺(Shaolin Temple)92. 武当山(Wudang Mountains)93. 内功(Neigong)94. 外功(Waijong)95. 拳法(Boxing)96. 剑法(Swordplay)97. 气功(Qigong)98. 八段锦(Baduanjin)99. 五禽戏(Wuqinxi)100. 二十四节气(Twenty-Four Solar Terms)101. 农历(Lunar Calendar)102. 阳历(Solar Calendar)103. 天干地支(Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches) 104. 黄道吉日(Good Fortune Days)105. 红事(Weddings)106. 白事(Funerals)107. 喜帖(Wedding Invitation)108. 聘礼(Betrothal Gift)109. 六礼(Six Ceremonies)110. 三书六礼(Three Books and Six Ceremonies)111. 红娘(Matchmaker)112. 月老(Old Man Under the Moon)113. 金榜题名(Golden List)114. 状元(Number One Scholar)115. 进士(Jinshi)116. 举人(Juren)117. 秀才(Xiucai)118. 科举(Imperial Examination)119. 四书(Four Books)120. 五经(Five Classics)这些名词涵盖了中国的传统文化、哲学思想、宗教信仰、节日庆典、文学艺术、饮食习惯、服饰风格、武术健身、天文历法等多个方面，反映了中国悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。

中国文化特色词语英译（一）宗教及传统文拜年: pay a New Year call财运: luck in making money江南水乡: the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River禅宗: Chan Sect/Zen Sect出家人: ascetic祠堂:memorial temple倒春寒：an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring道教：Taoism道士：Taoist priest法师：Master 方丈：Buddhist abbot佛教：Buddhism恭喜发财：May you be prosperous和尚：Buddhism monk华表：ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele红包：red envelope containing money as a gift; bribe/kickback（贬义用法）华盖：canopy回教：Islam慧根：the organ of wisdom甲骨文：inscriptions on oracle bones戒律：precept/discipline金刚经：Diamond Sutra京剧票友：Perking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱：types of facial make-up in Perking Opera/Perking Opera masks旧教/天主教：Catholicism坎儿井：karez喇嘛：Lama老字号：an old and famous shop/enterprise尼姑：Buddhism nun涅槃：Nirvana旗袍：cheongsam三藏经：Tripitaka三教（儒、释、道）：Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism时运：luck/fortune四大皆空：all space directions being void新教，耶稣教：Protestantism真人：Taoism pure man族人：clansman坐禅：sitting in meditation（二）名胜古迹阿里山：Ali Mountain碑林：Forest of Steles兵马俑：the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses布达拉宫：Potala Palace长春观：Changchun Taoism Temple承德避暑山庄：Chengde Mountain Resort /the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort 大屿山：Lantau Island大运河：Grand Canal滇池：Dianci Lake都江堰：Dujiangyan Weir二七纪念馆：February 7 Memorial Hall鼓浪屿：Gulang yu Islet/Gulang yu Island归元寺：Guiyuan Buddhist Temple龟山：Tortoise Hill华清池：Huaqing Hot Spring黄鹤楼：Yellow Crane Tower居庸关：Juyongguan Pass橘子洲：Orange Island孔庙/夫子庙：the Temple of Confucius坤宁宫：Palace of Earthly Tranquility乐山大佛：Leshan Giant Buddha灵隐寺：Temple of Soul’s Retreat龙门石窟：Longmen Grottoes芦笛岩：Reed Flute Cave毛主席纪念堂：Chairman Mao Memorial Hall莫高窟：Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang蓬莱阁：Penglai Pavilion人民大会堂：the Great Hall of the People人民英雄纪念碑：Monument of the People’s Heroes日月潭：Sun Moon Lake三峡：the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River/ the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River少林寺：Shaolin Temple/ Shaolin Monastery蛇山：Snake Hill狮子林：Lion Grove十三陵：the Ming Tombs石林：Stone Forest苏州园林：Suzhou Gardens/the Gardens of Suzhou太和殿：Hall of Supreme Harmony太湖：Lake Taihu天安门广场：Tian An Men Square天坛：the Temple of Heaven外滩：the Bund武侯祠：Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang西湖：the West Lake象鼻山：Elephant Trunk Hill养心殿：Hall of Mental Cultivation颐和园（夏宫）：the Imperial Garden /the Summer Palace雍和宫：Yonghegong Lamasery雨花台：the Terrace of the Raining Flowers玉渊潭公园：Jade Abyss Pool Park豫园（上海城隍庙）：Yuyuan Garden/Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼：Yueyang Tower中山陵：Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum紫金山天文台：Purple Hills Observatory紫竹院公园：Purple Bamboo Court Park（三）二十四节气二十四节气：the twenty-four solar terms立春：the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)雨水：Rain Water(2nd solar term)惊蛰：the Walking of Insects(3rd solar term)春分：the Spring Equinox(4th solar term)清明：Pure Brightness(5th solar term)谷雨：Grain Rain(6th solar term)立夏：the Beginning of Summer(7th solar term)小满：Grain Full(8th solar term)芒种：Grain in Ear(9th solar term)夏至：the summer solstice（10th solar term）小暑：Slight Heat(11th solar term)大暑：Great Heat(12th solar system)立秋：the Beginning of Autumn(13th solar term)处暑：the Limit of Heat(14th solar term)白露：White Dew(15th solar term)秋分：the Autumnal Equinox(16th solar term)寒露：Cold Dew(17th solar term)霜降：Frost’s Descent(18th solar term)立冬：the Beginning of Winter(19th solar term)小雪：Lesser Snow(20th solar term)大雪：Greater Snow(21st solar term)冬至：the Winter Solstice(22nd solar term)小寒：Lesser Cold(23rd solar term)大寒：Greater Cold(24th solar term)（四）政治经济活动“达标”活动: “target hitting” activities“豆腐渣”工程：jerry-built project“一条龙服务”:coordinated-process service安居工程：housing project for low-income families按劳分配：distribution according to one’s performance把各项政策落到实处：truly put all policies into effect把握正确的舆论导向：to properly guide the public opinion把眼光放远一些：to subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones/to be farsighted/to have a broad view把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处：to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented 百花齐放、百家争鸣：Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend百年不遇：once-in-a-century摆门面：to put up an impressive front半拉子工程：uncompleted project包干到户：work contracted to households保持和发展党的先进性：preserve and enhance/maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature 保重点，不撒胡椒面：Resources must be channeled to(or concentrated on) priority projects and not spread thinly(evenly) everywhere本位主义：departmentalism变相涨价：disguised inflation拨乱反正：to set things right/to restore things to order不搞一刀切：without imposing a single solution不顾条件，一哄而起：to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions不合理收费、集资和摊派：to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization不正之风：unhealthy practice（tendency）不良风气：unhealthy ways and customs部优产品：Ministry-recognized quality goods/products财政困难县：financially strapped counties菜篮子工程：the shopping basket project参政议政意识：the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs超计划生育：to have more children than what is planned/extra-plan babies城市最低生活保障制度：the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents城乡居民最低生活保障制度：the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents吃大锅饭：egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”出口退税：export tax rebates传销：pyramid selling/multi-level marketing春运：（passenger）transportation during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车：maglev train (magnetically levitated train )/magnetic suspension打白条：to issue IOUs打假：to crack down on counterfeit goods打捆带货：bundled loans大路货：staple goods大排档：sidewalk snack booth/large stall大腕：top notch/a heavyweight待业：job-waiting单位：organizations and institutions党风廉政建设：build a fine Party culture and keeps its organization clean党群关系：Party-masses relationship党性：one’s Party morale/Party spirit/Party character倒爷：profiteer第二职业：second employment/second occupation第三产业：tertiary industry/service sector对外宣传工作：to conduct public diplomacy programs发展是硬道理：Development is of overriding importance防洪工程：flood-prevention project房管：real estate management放宽市场准入：relax control over market entry/ease market access扶贫：poverty alleviation福利分房：welfare-oriented public housing distribution system改革开放：reform and opening to the outside world港人治港：Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong高新技术产业开发区：high and new technological industry development zone搞活国营大中型企业：to revitalize/invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 革命老根据地：the old revolutionary base areas公费医疗：medical services at state expense公款吃喝：banquet at public expenses挂靠：to be attached or affiliated to/to be subordinated to挂职：to take up provisional post in官倒：official profiteering/official racketing规范收入分配秩序：standardize pattern of income distribution国家行政编制：government staff status长期国库券：treasury bonds国有大中型企业：large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises和平共处五项原则：the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence和平统一，一国两制的方针：the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”/the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country, two systems”和平演变：peaceful evolution towards capitalism和谐发展的内涵：the characteristics of a harmonious society 黑店：gangster inn黑社会：Mafia-style organizations; gangland红筹股：red-chip shares/red chips户口簿：residence booklet户口管理制度：domicile system/residence registration system户主：head of a household灰色收入：income from moonlighting火炬计划：Torch Program( a plan to develop new and high technology)基本国情：fundamental realities of the country基层民主：community-level democracy集体主义：community spirit/collectivism计划生育：family planning加强基层民主：to expand democracy at village and community level加强务实合作：to enhance cooperation in practical term假日经济：holiday economy坚持“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线：adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “one central task and two basic points”坚持两个文明一起抓：to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advocated both materially and culturally and ideologically减员增效、下岗分流：to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoff re-employed elsewhere讲文明礼貌：to promote civilized behavior/civic manners讲学习，讲政治，讲正气的党性党风教育：to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies, political awareness and integrity解放生产力：to emancipate the productive forces 解放思想：to free our mind戒急用忍：to overcome impetuosity exercise patience/no haste/be patient精简机构：to streamline government organs精神文明建设：to promote cultural and ethical progress纠风办：State Council Office for Rectification纠正不正之风：to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices军转民：military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production开展扫黄打非斗争：to eliminate/crack down on pornography and other illegal publications康居工程：the Affordable Housing Project科技是第一生产力：Science and technology constitute a primary productive force科教兴国战略：the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education科学民主决策：to make decisions scientifically and democratically跨世纪工程：trans-century project污损企业：enterprises running in the end/under deficit廉政建设：construction of a clean government龙头：to play a leading role in/to serve as a powerhouse乱摊派：indiscriminate levies/arbitrary imposition of quotas乱涨价：unauthorized price rise民工：out-of-town laborer/rural laborer/migrant laborer民族区域自治制度：the system of autonomy of ethnic regions磨洋工：to dawdle along南水北调工程：projects to divert water from the south to the north农转非：agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status普法教育：to enhance legal awareness企业政策性破产：policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise强国之路：the path to a strong China勤俭强国：to build the country with industry and thrift全民所有制：public ownership/public sector/publicly owned权力下放：to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels三角债：debt chains三通：direct links in postal service，air and shipping services and trade/three direct links ,mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits三峡工程：Three Gorges Projects三资企业：enterprises in the “three forms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures ,cooperative businesses and exclusively(wholly) foreign-owned enterprises扫黄：anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography社会主义基本制度：the basic system of socialism涉外婚姻：Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 生态补偿机制：ecological damage compensation mechanism十年动乱：the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil十年规划和“八五”计划纲要：the guidelines of the Ten-Year Program and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 实事求是：to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach事业编制：staffing of government affiliated institutions四有公民：citizens who have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline脱贫：to shake off poverty歪风邪气：unhealthy practices and evil phenomena晚婚晚育：late marriage and postponement of childbearing温饱问题：the problem of inadequate of inadequate food and clothing五好家庭：five-virtue family五讲四美三热爱：five stresses, four points of beauty and three aspects of love五讲四美运动：the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”: to promote civility ,courtesy, tidiness, orderliness and integrity下海：to take the plunge into private business下硬功夫：to make intensive efforts乡镇企业：township enterprise/rural enterprise小康社会：a well-off society小康生活;to lead a relatively comfortable life小商品市场：smalls fair信息高速公路：information（super）highway/info highway星火计划：Spark Program姓社姓资问题：distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism亚运村：Asian Games Village严打：to crack down on crimes and social evils严防死守：life-and-death defense一刀切：sweeping approach/to impose uniformity on(e.g, all enterprises)/action in disregard of objective conditions一国两制：one country, two systems一切向钱看：money-mania/money-mad/to put money above anything else依法治国: to rule the country in accordance with law移风易俗：to transform outmoded habit and custom以权谋私：to abuse power for personal gains优生优育：to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/to improve prenatal and postnatal care有经济头脑的人：commercially minded people/people with business sense跃上新台阶：to reach a new high 宰人：rip-off政企分开：to separate government functions from enterprise management支农惠农政策：policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers治理三乱：to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines, charges and levies治理整顿：to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order/economic improvement and rectification/economic retrenchment中央：the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government 重点贫困县：designated poverty-stricken counties重读建设：to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects抓住经济建设这个中心：to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development专业户：specialized household自负盈亏：to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss自留地：individual farm plots/private plots of land走共同致富的道路：to take the road of common prosperity遵纪守法：to observe discipline and abide by the law重要机构名称英译（一）学校各部门（大学）\校医院：university hospital保卫科：security section/office财务处：finance section/office基础部：basic training department教材科：teaching material section/office教务处：the dean’s office教研室：teaching and research room科研室：scientific research department膳食科：catering section/office外事处：foreign affairs office学生科：student affairs section/office学术委员会：academic committee研究生院：graduate school招生办公室：admission office政教处：political education section/office总务处：general affairs office（二）政党及组织九三学社：The Jiu San Society台湾民主政治同盟：The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League政治局：Political Bureau中共中央对外联络部：International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee 中共中央统战部：United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee中国共产主义青年团：Communist Youth League of China中国国民党革命委员会：The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomingtang中国民主促进会：China Association for Promoting Democracy中国民主建国会：China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主同盟：The China Democratic League中国农工民主党：Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党：China Zhi Gong Party中央办公厅：General Office of the Central Committee中央党校：Party School of the Central Committee; Central Party School中央顾问委员会：Advisory Commission of the Central Committee中央候补委员：Alternate Member of the Central Committee中央纪律检查委员会：Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee中央军事委员会：Military Commission of the Central Committee中央绿化委员会：Greening Commission of the Central Committee中央书记处：Secretariat of the Central Committee中央政法委员会：Commission of the Politics and Law of the Central Committee中央政治局：Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央政治局常务委员会：Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee 中央组织部：Organizing Department of the Central Committee（三）国务院所属各部、委、局兵器工业部：Ministry of Ordnance Industry财政部：Ministry of Finance城乡建设环境保护部：Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection地质矿产部：Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources电子工业部：Ministry of Electronic Industry对外经济贸易部：Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade对外贸易经济合作部：Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation纺织工业部：Ministry of Textile Industry工商行政管理总局：General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration公安部：Ministry of Public Security广播电影电视部：Ministry of Radio, Film and Television国防部：Ministry of State Defense国防科学技术工业委员会：the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security 国家安全部：Ministry of State Security国家标准总局：State Bureau of Standardization国家测量制图局：State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography国家档案局：State Archives Bureau国家地震局：State Seismological Bureau国家发展计划委员会：State Development Planning Commission国家海洋局：State Oceanic Bureau国家计量总局：State Bureau of Metrology国家经济体制改革委员会：the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System国家经济委员会：the State Economic Commission国家民族事务委员会：the State Nationalities Affairs Commission国家商品检验局：State Commodity Inspection Commission国家水产总局：State Bureau of Aquatic Products国家税务局：State Taxation Administration国家体育运动委员会：the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家统计局:State Statistical Bureau国家物价局：State Bureau of Commodity Prices国家新闻出版署：State Press and Publications Bureau国内贸易部：Ministry of Internal Trade国土局：Land and Resources Bureau国土资源部：Ministry of Land and Natural Resources国务院参事室：Office of Counselors to the State Council国务院港澳办公室：Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council 国务院侨务办公室：Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council海关总署：General Administration of Customs航天工业部：Ministry of Astronautics Industry核工业部：Ministry of Nuclear Industry华侨事务委员会：Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission化学工业部：Ministry of Chemical Industry机械工业部：Ministry of Machine-Building Industry监察部：Ministry of Supervision建设部：Ministry of Construction交通部：Ministry of Communications教育部：Ministry of Education科学技术部：Ministry of Science and Technology劳动和社会保障部：Ministry of Labor and Social Security林业部：Ministry of Forestry劳动人事部：Ministry of labor and Personnel Affairs旅行游览总局：General Administration of Travel and Tourism煤炭工业部：Ministry of Coal Industry民政部：Ministry of Civil Affairs农牧渔业部：Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery轻工业部：Ministry of Light Industry全国供销合作总社：All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing cooperatives审计署：Auditing Administration石油工业部：Ministry of Petroleum Industry水利电力部：Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power司法部：Ministry of Justice铁道部：Ministry of Railways外国专家局：Bureau of Foreign Experts Admission外交部：Ministry of Foreign Affairs文化部：Ministry is Culture信息产业部：Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Induastries冶金工业部：Ministry of Metallurgocan邮电部：Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications宗教事务局：Bureau of Religious Affairs.（四）其他政府和群众组织中华全国妇女联合会：All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商联合会：All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国残疾人协会：Chinese Association for Trade Unions中国红十字会：Red Cross Society of China全国人民代表大会：National people’s Congress省人民代表大会：Provincial People’s Congress地区人民代表大会：Prefectural People’s Congress市人民代表大会：C ity People’s Congress自治区人民代表大会：Autonomous Regional People’s Congress中国人民政治协商会议：Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 最高人民法院：The Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院：Intermediate People’s Court中央法院：Central Court地方法院：Local Court人民检察院：People’s Procuratorate中国民用航空局：Civil Aviation of China中国民用航空总局：General Administration of Civil Aviation of China中国文字改革委员会：Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台：China Central Television Station (CCTV)中央气象局：Central Bureau of Meteorology中国人民广播电台：Central People’s Broadcasting Station中央文史研究馆：Central Research Institute of Culture and History新华社：Xinhua News Agency辞书出版社：Lexicographic Publishing House古籍出版社：Classics Press/Ancient Books Publishing House广播电视出版社：Broadcasting and Television Press人民出版社：People’s Publishing House商务印书馆：Commercial Press少年儿童出版社：Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House外文出版社：Foreign Languages Press社会科学出版社：Social Science Publishing House文艺出版社：Literature and Art Publishing House译文出版社：Translation Publishing House中国对外翻译出版公司：China Translation and Publishing Corporation .。

常用的中国文化特色英译词汇风水：Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历：solar calendar阴历：lunar calendar闰年：leap year十二生肖：zodiac春节：the Spring Festival元宵节：the Lantern Festival清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day重阳节：the Double-ninth Day七夕节：the Double-seventh Day春联：spring couplets春运：the Spring Festival travel把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character forluck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sou nds like arrival) and put it on your door to bringin good fortune for the new y ear庙会：temple fair爆竹：firecracker年画：(traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱：New Year gift-money舞龙：dragon dance舞狮：lion dance元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯：festival lantern灯谜：lantern riddle食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。

Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially import ant for LunarNew Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year.传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。

传统中国文化词汇英译元宵节 Lantern Festival刺绣 Embroidery重阳节 Double-Ninth Festival清明节 Tomb sweeping day剪纸 Paper Cutting书法 Calligraphy对联（Spring Festival）Couplets象形文字 Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 雄黄酒 Realgar wine四合院 Siheyuan/Quadrangle战国 Warring States风水 Fengshui/Geomantic Omen昆曲 Kunqu Opera长城 The Great Wall集体舞 Group Dance红白喜事 Weddings and Funerals中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day花鼓戏 Flower Drum Song儒家文化 Confucian Culture中国结 Chinese knotting古装片 Costume Drama武打片 Chinese Swordplay Movie元宵 Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling越剧 Yue Opera火锅 Hot Pot江南 South Regions of the Yangtze River谜语 Riddle《诗经》 The Book of Songs《史记》 Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions《西游记》 The Journey to the West除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival针灸 Acupuncture唐三彩 Tri-color Pottery of the TangDynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery孔子 Confucius偏旁 Radical孟子 Mencius亭/阁 Pavilion/ Attic黄梅戏 Huangmei opera火药 Gunpowder农历 Lunar Calendar印/玺 Seal/Stamp腊八节 The laba Rice Porridge Festival京剧 Beijing Opera/Peking Opera秦腔 Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera太极拳 TaiChi《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica天坛 Altar of Heaven in Beijing红双喜 Double Happiness文房四宝(笔墨纸砚） The Four Treasure of the Study（Brush, Inkstick, Paper and Inkstone）春卷 Spring Roll(s)罗盘 Luopan/compass故宫博物院 The Palace Museum相声 Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue五行 Five Phases北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck《桃花扇》 The Peach Blossom Fan木偶戏 Puppet Show敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Caves甲骨文 Oracle Bone Inions古筝 Chinese Zither杂技 acrobatics《水浒》Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh除夕 Chinese New Year's Eve国子监 Imperial Academy兵马俑 Cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army旗袍 Cheongsam中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass泼水节Water-Splashing Day馄饨 Wonton花卷 Steamed twisted rolls羊肉泡馍 Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup冰糖葫芦 A stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples, etc.)八宝饭 Eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 Glass Noodles豆腐脑 Jellied bean curd小品 Witty Skits孝顺 To show filial obedience武术 Wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)宣纸 Rice Paper陶器 pottery/earthenware佛教 Buddhism中庸 The way of medium(Golden Means)爆竹 firecracker东坡肉 Dongpo Pork中山陵 The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum秦淮河 Qinhuai River玄武湖 Xuanwu Lake夫子庙 The Confucian Temple鸭血粉丝 Duck blood fans盐水鸭 Yanshuiya, or salted and baked duck大煮干丝 Gansi小笼包 Steamed buns明孝陵 Ming Tomb云锦 Nanjing brocade中庸之道doctrine of the mean二十四节气24 solar terms民间工艺品folk arts and crafts炎黄子孙 a Chinese descendant/the Chinese nation 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac本命年one's animal year翰林院Imperial Academy年夜饭family reunion dinner红包red envelope/money given to children as a lunar New Year gift中山装Chinese tunic suit/Mao suit民俗庙会temple fair of folk custom。

宣纸rice paper衙门yamen叩头kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼pailou；pai-loo武术wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）功夫kungfu ；kung fu中庸the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）中和harmony (zhonghe)孝顺to show filial obedience孝子dutiful son家长family head三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son, husband guides wife五常：仁、义、理、智、信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文eight-legged essays多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one's old ageThe 24 Solar Terms:立春Spring begins.雨水The rains.惊蛰Insects awaken.春分Vernal Equinox清明Clear and bright.谷雨Grain rain.立夏Summer begins.小满Grain buds.芒种Grain in ear.夏至Summer solstice.小暑Slight heat.大暑Great heat.立秋Autumn begins.处暑Stopping the heat.白露White dews.秋分Autumn Equinox.寒露Cold dews.霜降Hoar-frost falls.立冬Winter begins.小雪Light snow.大雪Heavy snow.冬至Winter Solstice.小寒Slight cold.大寒Great cold戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera 生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations; ventriloquisim说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt踩高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神化人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’e (the Chinese moon godd ess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune, prosperity and longevity共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)女娲Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe)神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu (the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty)祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba; sarira stupa (a pagoda for Buddhist relics)舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s or saints’ body 喇嘛塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝cloisonné enamel蜡染batik麦秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquerware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-coloured pottery陶器pottery; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions, pictures, etc. on stone tablets 拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻sealcutting中国特色词汇及其英译作者：未知文章来源：转载点击数：1300 时间：2010-12-29 18:33:50一、前言英语从它传入中国的第一天开始就发挥着强大的交流作用，同时也开始了在中国发展的过程。