不定式教案

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初中不定式讲解教案(第一课时)教学对象:初中学生教学目标:认识非谓语动词不定式的概念和使用方法,及其各时态。

教学重难点:动词不定式的不同表现形式及时态的表达;不定式在句中所作成分;教学方法:任务型探究教学教学过程:A,课前预热,问候学生,回顾上节课的内容(2mins)B, 引入新课题,详细讲解非谓语动词-动词不定式:(12mins)1,先让学生看一下几个句子:做主语)My work is(做表语)(做宾语)做宾语补足语)him?(做定语)让其注意划线的动词在句子中的成分,虽是动词,但不作为谓语,而是与”to”加在一起构成非谓语动词(to+动词原形),在句子里担任主语,表语,宾语,宾补,定语等;2,通过补充句子/转换句子完成动词不定式语法功能的学习:1)a,当今我们掌握一门外语很重要。

(To master a foreign language )is very important for us.= It is important for us (to master a foreign language).b,你真是太好了,每天帮他辅导家庭作业。

It is very nice of you (to help him with his homework).动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末, 由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。

其中for本身无意义。

for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当it is 后面的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语人的特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very clever of you to do like that.2)a,Tom 考试失败了,所以他决定努力学习。

Tom failed in the exam, so he decided (to work hard).b,他答应给我买个新自行车。

He promised(to buy a new bike)for me.有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如 would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan,expect等。

如:Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。

如: I find it easy to read English every day.③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do..., Why don't you do...,had better(not)do..., would rather do, could/would/will you please (not)do...I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。

3) 我们让老师再解释一下这道题。

We asked our teacher (to explain the problem to us again).我看到那个小女孩穿过街道。

I saw that little girl ( (to)run across the street).They watch the Queen 发表圣诞演说(delivery the Christmas massage)on TV。

不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如:My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

但一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。

这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。

但变被动语态时,必须加上to。

如:My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。

4)你有什么要说的吗?Do you have anything (to say)?Betty 是第一个掌握这种技术的人。

Betty is the first person (to master the skill).动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on.5) 他讲的如此响亮为了被听到。

He spoke loudly (so as to/ in order to ) be heard.我太累了以至于不能再走了。

I am too tired (to walk )any further.动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it.②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。

③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now.6) 他答应不会让我失望了。

He promised me (not to disappointed me).告诉小孩不要在街上玩耍。

Tell the children (not to play on the street.)不定式的否定在to 前加not.7) 刘老师叫我们如何操作电脑。

Mr liu taught us (how to operate computer).你能告诉我什么时候手术吗?Can you tell (when to operate on the patient?)不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。

如:The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。

C,巩固练习:(4mins)a.I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having askedb. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gonec. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. to be gettingd. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not doe. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _____ to themselves. A. to introduce B. to be introduced C. introducing D. being introducedD,总结动词不定式的语法功能:1,it is always difficult for him to be on time.(做主语)2,He likes to play football.(做宾语)3,Mary needs a friend to play with.(做定语)4,My mother made me do homework all the time.(做宾补)To do 5, He was lucky to arrive before dark.(做结果状语)She raised her voice to be heard better(做目的状语)6,Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out.E. Homework.。