功能安全术语

基本术语一、IEC 61508标准术语说明：以下术语摘录自功能安全标准IEC61508和国家标准GB/T20438。

4。

故术语标号也未曾改动。

3.1安全术语3.1.1伤害 harmphysical injury or damage to the health of people either directly or indirectly as a result of damage to property or to the environment.由于对财产或环境的破坏而导致的直接或间接地对人体健康的损害或对人身的损伤。

3.1.2危险 hazardpotential source of harm伤害的潜在根源3.1.3危险情况 hazardous situationcircumstance in which a person is exposed to hazard(s)人暴露于危险的环境。

3.1.4危险事件 hazardous eventhazardous situation which results in harm导致伤害的危险情况。

3.1.5风险 riskcombination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm出现伤害的概率及该伤害严重性的组合。

3.1.6允许风险 tolerable riskrisk which is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society根据当今社会的水准,在给定的范围内能够接受的风险。

3.1.7残余风险 residual riskrisk remaining after protective measures have been taken采取防护措施以后仍存在的风险。

3.1.8安全 safetyfreedom from unacceptable risk不存在不可接受的风险。

3.1.9功能安全 functional safetypart of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system which depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems, other technology safety-r elated systems and external risk reduction facilities与EUC和EUC控制系统有关的整体安全的组成部分，它取决于E/E/PE安全相关系统，其它技术安全相关系统和外部风险降低设施功能的正确行使。

3.1.10安全状态 safe stateState of the EUC when safety is achieved达到安全时EUC的状态。

3.1.11合理的可预见的误用 reasonable foreseeable misuseUse of a product, process or service under conditions or for purposes not intended by the supplier, but which can happen, induced by the product, process or service in combinati on with, or as a result of, common human behaviour由于产品、过程或服务加上人的行为习惯而导致的，或者作为人的行为习惯的一个结果有可能发生的，未按照供方要求的条件和用途对产品、过程和服务的使用。

3.2 设备和装置 Equipment and devices3.2.1功能单元 functional unitEntity of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose能够完成规定目的的软件、硬件或两者相结合的实体。

3.2.2软件 softwareintellectual creation comprising the programs, procedures, data, rules and any associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a data processing system包括程序、规程、数据、规则以及相关的数据处理系统操作文档在内的智能创作。

3.2.3受控设备 equipment under control(EUC)equipment, machinery, apparatus or plant used for manufacturing, process, transportatio n, medical or other activities用于制造、加工、运输、制药或其它活动的设备、机器、器械或成套装置。

3.2.4EUC风险 EUC riskrisk arising from the EUC or its interaction with the EUC control system由EUC或由EUC与EUC控制系统相互作用而产生的风险。

3.2.5可编程电子（PE） programmable electronic（PE）可编程电子以计算机技术为基础，可以由硬件、软件及其输入和(或)输出单元构成。

based on computer technology which may be comprised of hardware, software, and of in put and/or output units举例：下列均是可编程电子装置：——微处理器；——微控制器；——可编程控制器；——专用集成电路（ASIC）；——可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）；——其它以计算机为基础的装置（智能传感器、变送器、执行器）。

3.2.6电气/电子/可编程电子（E/E/PE）electrical/electronic/programmable electronicBased on electrical(E) and/or electronic(E) and/or programmable electronic (PE) technolo gy基于电气（E）和/或电子（E）和/或可编程电子（PE）的技术。

举例：电气/电子/可编程电子装置包括：——电－机装置（电气）；——使用电晶体的非可编程电子装置（电子）；——以计算机技术为基础的电子装置（可编程电子）3.2.7有限可变语言 limited variability languageSoftware programming language, either textual or graphical, for commercial and industria l programmable electronic controllers with a range of capabilities limited to their applicatio n能力范围局限于应用的，用于工商业可编程电子控制器的，文本的或图形的软件编程语言。

3.3 系统：一般概念3.3.1系统 systemSet of elements which interact according to a design, where an element of a system can be another system, called a subsystem, which may be a controlling system or a controlle d system and may include hardware, software and human interaction根据设计相互作用的一组元素，可能包括相互作用的硬件、软件和人等。

系统中的某一元素也可自成一个另外的系统，称为子系统，子系统可以是控制系统也可以是被控系统。

3.3.2可编程电子系统 (PES) programmable electronic system(PES)System for control, protection or monitoring based on one or more programmable electro nic devices, including all elements of the system such as power supplies, sensors and ot her input devices, data highways and other communication paths, and actuators and othe r output devices基于一个或多个可编程电子装置的控制、防护或监视系统，包括系统中所有的元素，诸如电源、传感器和其它输入装置，数据高速公路和其它通信路径，以及执行器和其它输出装置3.3.3电气/电子/可编程电子系统（E/E/PES）electrical/electronic/programmable electronic system(E/E/PES)System for control, protection or monitoring based on one or more electrical/electronic programmable electronic (E/E/PE) devices, including all elements of the system such as po wer supplies, sensors and other input devices, data highways and other communication p aths, and actuators and other output devices.基于一个或多个电气/电子/可编程电子(E/E/PE)装置的用于控制、防护或监视的系统，包括系统中所有的元素,诸如电源、传感器和其它输入装置，数据高速公路和其它通信途径，以及执行器和其它输出装置3.3.4EUC控制系统 EUC control systemSystem which responds to input signals from the process and/or from an operator and ge nerates output signals causing the EUC to operate in the desired manner对来自过程和(或)操作者的输入信号起反应，产生能使EUC按要求的方式工作的输出信号的系统。