热能与动力工程专业英语

.WORD专业.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Thermal

Science

第一章热科学基础Acoustic flow meter 声波流量计

Adiabatic □绝热的

Aerodynamics空气动力学

Affiliation 联系

Airfoil机翼，螺旋桨

Alternative替代燃料

Anemometer 风速计

Angular speed 角速度

Area density表面密度

Baffle挡板

Bifurcation 分形

Blackbody 黑体

Blade浆叶，叶片

Boiler锅炉

Boundary layer 边界层

Carnot Cycle卡诺循环

Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系

Celsius Degree 摄氏度

Compact heat exchanger 紧凑式换热 器

Compos it io n成分，合成物

Compressed liquid 压缩液体

Compressibility可压缩性，压缩率

Condensation 凝结

Condenser冷凝器

Conduction 导热

Control volume 控制体 Corrugated fin波状散热片

Cross product 矢量积

Denominator 分母

Developed flow充分发展流

Diffusion 扩散

Doppler effect多普勒效应

Double-pipe heat exchanger 套管式 换热器

Dry saturated vapor 干饱和蒸汽

Electrode 电极

Electrolyte电解，电解液

Electrostatic 静电的

Emissivity 发射率

Equilibrium 平衡

Fluid mechanics 流体力学

Forced convection 强制对流

Free convection 自然对流

Friction loss摩擦损失

Glass ceramic微晶玻璃，玻璃瓷

Heat engine 热机

Heat pump 热泵

Hydrofoi 1 水翼

Hypersonic speed 髙超音速

Infinitesimal 无穷小的

Inflating/deflating 充气/压缩 .WORD专业.

In ter nal combust i on engine 燃机

Isentropic 等矯的

Convection 对流

Coriolis-accelaration flowmeter 科 氏加速流量计

Isometric等容的

Isothermal 等温的

Kinematic viscosity 运动黏度

Laminar 层流

Manuscript手稿，原稿

Moisture湿度，水分

Molecule （化学）分子

Molten polymer熔融聚合物

Muti-disciplinary 多学科的

Newtonian Fluid 牛顿流体

Nominal temperature gradient 法 向 温度梯度

Numerator （数学）分子

Parallel flow平行流动，并流

Pathline 迹线

Phase change 相变

Plane flow平面流，二元流

Plate and flame heat exchanger 板式换热器

Polymer solution 胶浆

Proof校样

Propeller螺旋桨，推进器

Pump 泵

Qulity干度

Qusi-equ订ibrium准平衡、准静态 Radiation 辐射

Rankin Cycle朗肯循环

Regenerative heat exchanger

蓄热/再生式换热器

Isobaric等压的

Isolated system 孤立体系的

Rough-wall tube 粗糙管

Saturation 饱和

Shear stress剪切力、切应力

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger 管壳 式换热器

Specific volume 比容

Steady稳态的，定常的

Stifling engine 斯特林机

Strain rate变形速度，应变率

Streamline 流线

Strut支撑，支柱

Subcooled liquid 过冷液体

Superheated vapor 过热蒸汽

Surrounding环境，外界

Thermal conductivity 热传导率

Thermal efficiency 热效率

Thermodynamics 热力学

Torsional扭力的，扭转的

Trailing edge机翼后缘、尾缘

Transmitter传送装置、发送器

Turbine meter涡轮流量计

Turbulent湍流的

Ultrosonic超声波的 .WORD专业.

Uniform flow 均匀

Vacuum真空

View factor 角系数

Viscous黏性的.WORD专业.

Reservoir水库，蓄水池 Cortex shedding 漩涡脱落

Reversible 可逆的 Water faucet水龙头，水嘴

Rotameter转子流量计

Bi Biot number 比澳数 NPSH汽蚀余量

CFD计算流体力学 NTU传热单元数

CHF临界热流量 Nu努尔特数

COP制冷系数 PE势能

Eu欧拉数 Pr普朗特数

Fo富立叶数 Ra瑞利数

Fr弗劳德数 Re雷诺数

Gr格拉晓夫数 Sc施密特数

KE动能 St斯坦顿数，斯特劳哈数

LMTD对数平均温差 We韦伯数

1. 1 Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics

1.1 工程热力学基础

Thermodynamics is a scienee in which the storage, transformation and transfer

of energy are studied・ Energy is stored as internal energy (associated with

temperature), kinetic energy (du to motion) t potential energy (due to elevation) and

chemical energy (due to chemical composition): it is transformed from one of these

forms to another； and it is transferred across a boundary as either heat or work・

热力学是一门研究能量储存、转换及传递的科学。能量以能(与温度有关)、动能(由 物体运动引起)、势能(由高度引起)和化学能(与化学组成相关)的形式储存。不同形式 的能量可以相互转化，而且能量在边界上可以以热和功的形式进行传递。

In thermodynamics, we will derive equations that relate the transformations and

transfers of energy to properties such as temperature, pressure and density・

Substances and their properties, thus, become very important in thermodynamics・ Many

of our equations will be based on experimental observations that have been organized

into mathematical statements or laws, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are

most widely used・

在热力学中，我们将推导有关能量转化和传递与物性参数，如温度、压强及 密.WORD专业.

度等关系间的方程。因此，在热力学中，物质及其性质变得非常重要。许多热 力学方程都是建立在实验观察的基础之上，而且这些实验观察的结果已被整理成 数学表达式或定律的形式。其中，热力学第一定律和第二定律应用最为广泛。

L L 1 Thermodynamic system and control volume

1.1.1热力系统和控制体

A thermodynamic system is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some

enclosure. The surface is usually an obvious one (like that surrounding the gas in

the cylinder)・ However, it may be an imagined boundary (like the deforming boundary

of a certain amount of mass as it flows through a pump).

热力系统是一包围在某一封闭边界的具有固定质量的物质。系统边界通常是比较明显 的(如气缸气体的固定边界)。然而，系统边界也可以是假想的(如一定质量的流体流经泵 时不断变形的边界)。

All matter and space external to a system is collectively called its surroundings・ Thermodynamics is concerned with the interaction of a system and its surroundings,

or one system interacting with another・ A system in teracts with its surroundings

by transferring en ergy across its boundary. No material crosses the boundary of a

system・ If the system does not exchange energy with the surroundings, it is an

isolated system・

系统之外的所有物质和空间统称外界或环境。热力学主要研究系统与外界或系统与系 统之间的相互作用。系统通过在边界上进行能量传递，从而与外界进行相互作用，但在边界 上没有质量交换。当系统与外界间没有能量交换时，这样的系统称为孤立系统。

In many cases, an analysis is simplified if attention is focused on a particular

volume in space into which, or from which, a substanee flows・ Such a volume is a