考研英语真题：考研真相和黄皮书对比【逐条详细版】

考研英语一参照书考研英语一参照书学术型研究生考英语一，专业学位研究生考英语二，相对比较下，英语一难度更大些。

以下是整理的关于考研英语一参照书，希望大家认真阅读!英语一辅导书黄皮书系列 26.8%陈正康系列 4.1%考研真相系列 3.1%蒋军虎系列 2.1%丁晓钟的历年真题超精解 5.2%新东方真题解析 4.1%王林新编10年考研真题 1.0%考研一号10年考研真题 1.0%何凯文阅读理解 7.2%高教版的阅读理解150篇 1.0%新编考研英语阅读理解150篇(基础训练) 1.0%何凯文词汇 2.1%刘一男词汇 6.2%新东方考研单词(红宝书、绿宝书) 8.2%星火单词 3.1%恋练有词：2021考研词汇识记与应用大全 1.0%王江涛的作文辅导书 4.1%朱伟的.作文词汇 2.1%何凯文写作 9.3%考研英语高分写作新东方 5.2%星火的作文万能组合(蒋斌) 2.1%考研英语参照书使用方法使用方法多刷几遍真题很有必要，每一遍都有不同的收获，做题不图快，关键在用心。

第一遍从真题中找题型感觉，第二遍总结高频单词的一词多义，熟悉题型出题方向，第三遍归纳阅读题出题人的视察点，透彻分析真题答案。

推举何凯文2021《考研英语历年真题全解析》，真题答案分析得很细致全面，总结自身每次出错的地方结合答案解析一点点熟悉真题的套路。

(文末有福利!)优势真题题量多而且都是出自于外刊，没有时间精力的状况可以免刷模拟题、和多余的阅读题，真题视察点和四六级不同，不视察词汇量和速度而是视察考生的逻辑分析力、理解力，吃透真题是考研英语的最重要一环，从答案解析中掌握出题规律省时又高效。

合适状况：合适时间、精力有限的同学们，进入9月份的中期强化阶段必必需着手开始学习真题，进入11月份最好开始第二遍的刷真题，此时必需要留几套给12月份后模拟考场演练。

考研英语复习选什么参照书比较好?考研英语复习选什么参照书比较好?18考研已经吹起号角了，那么应该如何复习呢!下面是为18考研考生收集的英语复习推举书，快来围观吧。

考研英语一真题选择考研真相还是黄皮书？目前考研英语一考生最为青睐的两本真题书应该就是考研真相和黄皮书了，但其实两本书有很大的区别，其市场定位也不尽相同，考研真相的成书理念是“专为基础薄弱考生恶补基础”，而黄皮书更适合“有一定英语基础的考生”。

下面对这两本真题做一下详细的对比，希望对大家选择资料有所参考。

一、从书籍功能上看考研真相的首创了“逐句精解”模式，目的是帮助考生夯实基础+提升技巧，因其对单词和语法进行了逐句的注解，详细程度可媲美单词书和语法书，完全可以替代词汇和语法资料，达到精简资料的目的，用考研真相复习可以做到“一书多用”，达到全面复习的效果。

也就是说，考研真相，不仅仅是“真题”，更是一本各类复习资料的完美整合。

而黄皮书更多的是作为“练习题”使用的，它并不具有“夯实基础”这个层面的功能，考生可以在夯实基础后，用黄皮书练习做题，总结技巧，这种方法虽然效率低，也是很多同学正在采用的。

如果考生需要全面复习真题，选择黄皮书的话，则需要再配备一些词汇、语法等复习资料，不管是从价格还是便携的角度来说，对于考生都是一种负担。

而考研真相能最大化精简资料，既能帮考生减少复习资金投入，也能提高复习效率。

二、从真题解析来谈就考研试题的文章本身而言，张剑的黄皮书和考研1号的考研真相侧重点不同，黄皮书重在分析语篇，而考研真相重在分析每一句的重点词汇和基本语法知识。

语篇分析，即从逻辑上研读文章，对于基础好的考生来说，可能很容易理解；但对于基础不好的考生来说，还是应该从词汇和语法角度进行复习，在掌握一定的基础知识之后，进而研读语篇分析。

对于基础较差的考生来说，可以先利用考研真相将词汇、语法的基本功练好，如果学有余力的话，可以在基础提高之后，考虑使用黄皮书。

三、从答案解析来谈对于答案解析来说，两本书都有详细的解析及思路，二者无明显差别。

考研真相首创的“选项表析”模式，对每个选项的定位都细致入微，将所有选项包括干扰项，都进行了透彻的分析；而黄皮书仅对正确选项进行了充分的解释，对部分干扰项则简单描述。

黄皮书还是考研真相英语二
（原创实用版）
目录
1.黄皮书与考研真相英语二的概述
2.两者的主要特点与区别
3.适用人群及推荐建议
正文
一、黄皮书与考研真相英语二的概述
黄皮书与考研真相英语二是针对考研英语二（即英语专业考研）的两本辅导书籍，它们旨在帮助考生全面复习、提高英语水平，从而在考研英语二考试中取得好成绩。

二、两者的主要特点与区别
1.黄皮书
（1）内容：黄皮书主要包括词汇、语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译等各个方面的知识，覆盖了考研英语二的全部考试内容。

（2）特点：黄皮书内容丰富、全面，适合打基础，可以作为考研英语二的入门书籍。

同时，黄皮书题目设置较为简单，有利于考生建立自信。

2.考研真相英语二
（1）内容：考研真相英语二主要针对考研英语二的真题进行解析，包括真题详解、解题技巧等。

（2）特点：考研真相英语二题目设置更加接近真题，解析详尽，适合考生在复习中后期使用，可以提高考生的应试能力。

三、适用人群及推荐建议
1.黄皮书适用人群：英语基础较薄弱、需要全面复习的考生。

推荐建
议：在考研英语二的复习初期，可以使用黄皮书打基础，系统学习各个方面的知识。

2.考研真相英语二适用人群：已经完成基础知识复习、需要进行真题演练和技巧提高的考生。

推荐建议：在考研英语二的复习中后期，可以使用考研真相英语二进行真题训练和解题技巧的学习。

总之，黄皮书与考研真相英语二各有特点，适用于不同阶段的考生。

五个月，考研英语一73复习经验详细分享我的英语一复习情况：从大三暑假开始做真题，复习到十二月考试，五个月左右，英语一73。

在成绩出来之前我是没有想到能考到七十分以上的，但是看到这个成绩也确实觉得没有辜负踏踏实实刷了三遍的15年考研英语真题。

如果现在的你迷茫不知道考研复习从哪下手，那就不要犹豫地从英语真题开始吧!英语真的是我几个月复习时进步能够肉眼可感带给我安全感的科目了！！（一）英语一相关资讯获取在考研英语复习之前，我也跟一些学姐取经，看了很多经验贴，对于这门考试的资讯做到心中有数，才方便有一个全盘复习的方向。

1考试时间：时长3h，时间一般为下午2-5点。

2试卷构成：完形填空10分+阅读理解50分+英译汉15分+大作文15分小作文10分3要不要报班？（1）报班可能的正面影响：外界力量及学习氛围帮助自制。

报班可能的负面影响：课程时间可能会影响个人计划复习时间安排，若是实地上课，来回路程花费时间可能会浪费，暑期班多人实地学习时炎热天气也可能影响复习状态（网络班应该没关系）（2）其实英语复习最重要的是自己做真题，无论别人或者教辅教给你什么样的技巧，都只有自己在一遍遍练习中才能体会到哪些题会有哪些坑，哪些题可以用什么小技巧。

（3）根据我问过的两个上岸学姐来看，只要对自己的复习计划有一定执行力和自制力，可以不报班。

（说实话，刚决定要考研的时候就听说英语一很难，我也去了学校附近的某府考研咨询，当时的咨询老师听说我的英语六级只比合格线高二十多分，就建议我报班。

并举例说她英语一直很好，六级比我高一百多分，但第一次考研英语一只有五十多分导致她二战。

又跟我说了各个学校严峻的考研形势，真的是咨询完之后回学校的步伐都是沉重的。

但是一方面当时经济情况不太乐观，另一方面也听往届学姐说如果报班的话，每天定时坐车往返校区也是比较麻烦且影响自己复习时间的，我就决定自己复习不报班了。

）（二）复习资料选择（1）明确自身基础（2）明确复习目标和计划，根据自己的需要来选择资料的年份、类型等。

考研常用资料：推荐考研的小盆友必读的文章历年考试真题2011年招生简章,各个院校专业课参考书目（2012的招生简章未出，可以看看参考书目，一般参考书目每年变化不大）如何选择专业和学校考研常见问题集锦全国各个高校研招办联系方式全方位解读专业硕士学术硕士考研报名条件（不可忽略）考研报名办法及流程学科解读推荐免试全攻略研究生招生院校、专业查询（数据库查询，方便实用）硕士、博士导师库考研还是就业？香港读研台湾读研全国32所重点大学周边生活手册同等学力统考与在职联考数学复习方法大全政治复习攻略总汇英语复习方法大全专业课复习攻略总汇1.张的真题，160篇作文，宫的复习全书，石的220篇。

评价：张的真题很好。

160篇基础差的不推荐看，感觉很不好。

石的220，暑假做的，现在都忘了咋样了2.我选择的：张剑的黄皮书，张锦芯的阅读，张剑的阅读150篇个人评价及建议：张剑的真题书确实不错，建议一定把真题做几遍，这样时间不多了模拟题也做他的吧，真题总结的不错。

3.我选择的：一本单词一个真题个人评价及建议：背单词吧不过还给看出的题。

按部就班。

最后只能看教育部怎么出了。

4.我选择的：历年真题星火单词《读真题记单词》个人评价及建议：历年真题的重要性不用重申，在熟悉出题人思路的前提下联系。

单词是基础，尤其是近义词的替换。

读真题记单词这本不错，适合在反复做真题的时候用。

阅读练习我用的是石春祯的220篇，做题的时候觉得偏难，不适合底子薄的（类似于我）的开始就用，不过2010年的阅读很强大，石春祯这点难度都不够看。

选择适合自己的，夯实基础，逐步提高，这才是王道。

5.我选择的：张健真题新东方的单词书个人评价及建议：英语复习真的是靠积累每个单词都是鸡肋食之无味弃之可惜出题方式千变万化没有好的功底真的很难驾驭好好练吧我英语不很好不好多说~~ 6.英语辅导书我选择的：历年真题解析与复习思路个人评价及建议：全面详细7.英语辅导书我选择的：黄宝书红宝书个人评价及建议：黄宝书，红宝书是经典,这是我今年就３本英语复习中的2本,外语的辅导书和政治不一样,东西不在量,而在于精8.朱太奇模拟8套 12月底才买，听说很难练一下手，果然不让人失望，确实比一般的题难，但是和今年真题的比还是非常容易读懂的，觉得实力可以的可以挑战一下，我就做了第一套阅读28分，考虑到难题都28。

考研英语复习要买哪些资料？跟着谁复习？摘要：考研英语贯穿了整个考研的复习过程并且奠定了考研复习的节奏，前期准备越充分，后期才不会因为英语的问题而耽误了其他科目的复习从而打乱复习节奏心生焦虑。

所以在开始复习前一定要做好规划，今天就带大家看看考研英语复习要买哪些资料，又要跟着谁复习~一、考研英语复习需要用到的资料Part1.词汇Ⅰ《恋练有词》2021版应该叫《真题5500词》了，一本黄色的书。

绿色的那本《恋练有词》2021版是新东方的俞敏洪主编了。

朱伟是以讲单词为主的老师，亮点在于词根词缀的讲解。

他会从一个单词出发，扩展出单词词根词缀、关联相近词汇和形近词汇、单词的搭配用法，以及在真题的情境中理解该单词。

很系统，比死背单词高效得多。

Ⅱ《新东方考研英语词汇（乱序版）》简称新东方绿皮书。

词汇量蛮全的，很厚的一本。

最大的特点就是乱序，并且是词根词缀排列，一个基础单词引出一大串相近单词，喜欢用这种方法记忆单词的同学可以用。

Ⅲ《红宝书考研英语词汇》这本书是我觉得最好的考研英语词汇书，包括了5500余个大纲词汇，这本书严格按照考研英语最新大纲要求，运用英语测试学及统计学原理，在深入研究历年真题及考研英语命题规律的基础上，对考研英语大纲词汇进行了深入地分析和研究，将考研词汇按其重要程度区分为：必考词、基础词、超纲词等，并且重点突出必考词，深入剖析必考词，反复练习必考词。

使考生能够分清主次，并抓住考研词汇的重中之重，省时、省力、成效显著。

非常有利于考生提高效率，节省时间。

另外，本书对词汇的的记忆采取了多种方法（结构法+联想法+读音法+形近法），再配以MP3,对大纲词汇的记忆很有效果，最后通过其练习题加强对考研词汇的融会贯通，达到能够灵活运用的目的。

Ⅳ《10天搞定考研词汇》王江涛老师出的一本单词书，单词只节选了部分常考词汇，采用艾宾浩斯记忆曲线法，适合复习时间紧张或者后期巩固，一小本携带方便。

Tips：建议选择哪本词汇书就看哪本书的配套视频课，然后把书多过几遍。

2020考研英语一黄皮书解析摘要：1.考研英语一黄皮书简介2.解析篇目特点及难点3.解题技巧与策略4.提高阅读速度和方法5.强化训练与实践正文：一、考研英语一黄皮书简介考研英语一黄皮书作为备考资料，一直以来都备受考生们的关注。

它汇集了历年考研英语一的真题，为广大考生提供了丰富的实战经验。

黄皮书不仅对试题进行了详细的解析，还针对每个模块提供了实用的解题技巧，助力考生提高英语应试能力。

二、解析篇目特点及难点1.完形填空：篇章结构严谨，逻辑清晰，考查词汇、短语搭配和语法知识。

2.阅读理解：题材多样，包括科普、社会、文化、经济等，题目设置注重考查考生对文章主旨、细节和推理能力的把握。

3.新题型：结合时事，注重考查考生的综合阅读能力和逻辑分析能力。

4.翻译：汉英翻译部分注重考查考生的语言表达能力，英汉翻译部分则侧重于考查考生对英语句式结构的掌握。

5.写作：小作文考查书信、通知等应用文写作，大作文则围绕社会热点话题展开，考查考生的观点阐述和论证能力。

三、解题技巧与策略1.做好词汇准备：熟练掌握词汇、短语搭配，为阅读和写作打下坚实基础。

2.抓住文章主旨：快速浏览文章，了解篇章结构，明确主旨，提高阅读效率。

3.分析题目类型：根据题目类型，采用不同的解题方法，如猜测词义、寻找关键词、推理判断等。

4.提高阅读速度：通过多读、限时阅读等方法，提高阅读速度和理解能力。

5.强化训练与实践：多做真题，总结经验，不断提高自己的应试能力。

四、提高阅读速度和方法1.扩大词汇量：多背单词，熟悉词组，提高阅读速度。

2.培养阅读习惯：多读英语文章，增加阅读量，提高阅读速度。

3.限时阅读：设置阅读时间，提高阅读速度和理解能力。

4.跳读和略读：抓住文章主旨，快速筛选关键信息。

五、强化训练与实践1.做历年真题：总结解题思路和技巧，提高应试能力。

2.参加模拟考试：检验自己的学习成果，发现自身不足。

3.学习他人经验：借鉴优秀考生的学习方法和经验，为己所用。

2000-2013年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)ui2013年考研英语（一）真题 (6)Section I Use of English (6)Section II Reading Comprehension (11)Part APart B (35)Part C (42)Section III Writing (48)Part A48Part B (49)2013考研英语（一）答案 (50)Section I Use of English (50)Section II Reading Comprehension (57)Section III Writing (79)2012年考研英语（一）试题 (83)Section I Use of English (83)Section II Reading Comprehension.Part A87Part B (110)Part C (115)Section III Writing (118)Part APart B (119)2012考研英语（一）答案 (121)Section I (121)Section II Reading Comprehension (132)作文 (167)2011考研英语(一)试题 (172)Section I Use of English (172)Section II Reading Comprehension (178)Part A (178)Part B (205)Part C (211)Section ⅢWriting (216)Part A (216)Part B (216)2011考研英语（一）答案 (219)Section I Use of English (219)Section II Reading Comprehension (226)Section III Writing (244)2010年考研英语（一）试题 (250)Section I Use of English (250)Section II Reading Comprehension (251)Part A (251)Part B (258)Part C (260)Section ⅢWriting (260)Part A (260)Part B (261)2009年考研英语（一）试题 (262)Section I Use of English (262)Section I I Reading comprehension (263)Part A (263)Part B (270)Part C (271)Section ⅢWriting (272)Part A (272)Part B (272)2009年考研英语（一）答案 (274)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (274)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (274)Section III: Writing (30 points) (274)2008年考研英语（一）试题 (276)Section I Use of English (276)Section II Reading Comprehension (277)Part A (277)Part B (284)Part C (286)Section III Writing (287)Part A (287)Part B (287)2008年考研英语（一）答案 (289)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (289)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (289)Section III: Writing (30 points) (289)2007年考研英语（一）试题 (291)Section I Use of English (291)Section II Reading Comprehension (295)Part A (295)Part B (303)Part C (304)Section III Writing (305)Part A (305)Part B (306)2007年考研英语（一）答案 (307)Section I: Use of English (10 points) (307)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) (307)Section III: Writing (30 points) (307)2006年考研英语（一）试题 (309)Section I Use of English (309)Section II Reading Comprehension (313)Part A (313)2002年考研英语（一）试题 (381)Section I Listening Comprehension (381)Part A (381)Part B (382)Part C (382)Section II Use of English (385)Section III Reading Comprehension (390)Part A (390)Part B (398)Section IV Writing (399)2002年考研英语（一）答案 (400)Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points) (400)Section II: Use of English (10 points) (400)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) (400)Section IV: Writing (20 points) (401)2001年考研英语（一）试题 (402)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (402)Part A (402)Part B (405)Section II Cloze Test (410)Section III Reading Comprehension (414)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (423)Section V Writing (424)2001年考研英语（一）答案 (426)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points) (426)Section II: Cloze Text (10 points) (426)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (426)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (426)Section V: Writing (20 points) (427)2000年考研英语（一）试题 (428)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (428)Part A (428)Part B (431)Part C (432)Section II Cloze Test (437)Section III Reading Comprehension (440)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (448)Section V Writing (449)2000年考研英语（一）答案 (451)Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) (451)Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) (451)Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) (451)Section V: Writing (15 points) (452)2013年考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that ___1___ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by ___2___ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big ___3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. ___4___, hetheorized that a judge ___5___ of appearing too soft ___6___crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___7___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To ___8___this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ___9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was___11___.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___12___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had ___13___ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___14___ numerous factorsinto consideration. The scores were ___15___ used in conjunction w ith an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is ___16___out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one ___17___ that, then the score for the next applicant would___18___ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to___19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been ___20___.1. A grants B submits C transmits Ddelivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A Above all B On average C In principleD For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless8. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D.identified11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conductedD. secured13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn`t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline`s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world`s answer toconsumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan`s. The Omnivore`s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; he r example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labelsurge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer andApple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking w ith Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and presson anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioral”ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured formillions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say withconsiderable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to beinspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN`s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world`s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet`s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.In Arizona, United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrations law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule ofnaturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That`s because Congress has alwaysenvisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federalexecutive power”. The White House argued the Arizona`s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightlyrejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona`s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers` duty to withhold immigrants` information.[B] States` independence from federal immigration law.[C] States` legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress`s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states` interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] Outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states` support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every yearsince 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today`s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creativedestruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today`s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is aboutdeveloping clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible assuch. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts。

考研英语复习哪些参考书最合适二1. 《张剑黄皮书系列》考研人几乎人手必备的一本书，分为基础试卷版（01-08年）、珍藏提高版（09-16年）和精编版（17-21年）。

优点：非常注重解题思路，有全文翻译和音频补充知识，还有对应的辅助学习。

缺点：只有长难句解析，没有逐字逐句解析，对基础较弱的同学不太友好。

适用人群：英语基础较好、四级分数较高、具备英语六级水平、重视效率和学习思路的同学。

直通车链接：2. 《考研真相》（英语二叫《考研圣经》）本书分为基础加强版（01-07年）、高分突破版（08-14年）和考前冲刺版（15-21年）。

优点：解析非常非常详细，适合打基础，内容全面且详细，从简单句到长难句，真题文章中的每一个句子都进行了详细的解析，并且都做了图示分析，语法和知识点讲的非常非常清楚，非常适合基础较弱的同学。

缺点：缺点是讲的太详细了，学霸看了觉得头疼，因为简单句和长难句都有解析，想找一下长难句都得找很久！适用人群：本书非常适合英语四级低分飘过，或者自认为基础很差的同学，本书真的跟保姆式拆解真题差不多了。

直通车链接：真题解析部分总结⭐（重点看这部分！）真题解析固然详细，但是在刚开始做真题练习的时候，学长非常不建议第一次做完题后就马上对答案查解析！不管是从6月份开始复习、还是从9月份或者更晚开始复习，都不建议这样做！因为这样真的太浪费真题了！第一遍做真题的机会真的真的非常珍贵，无论后面做几次真题，都不可能有第一遍做题时的心态和感觉。

因为真题最多也就20来套，加起来一共80篇大阅读，按照做题➜对答案➜根据解析精读原文这种顺序，一天两篇阅读完全不是问题，照这个速度，一个多月就能造光，通过真题来复习起到的效果微乎其微。

那要如何利用真题来高效复习呢？答案是先精读04-09年的真题！第一次正常做题，做完题后不对答案不看解析，而是通过查词工具自己先精读原文，自己尝试分析一遍长难句。

自己分析完原文后，再做一遍题目，看一看第一次的答案都没有不合适的，把你认为的正确选项用另外一个颜色的笔标记出来。

历年考研真题重点词汇大总结1997年重点词汇阅读理解部分：1. parliamentary adj. 议会的2 .territory n. 领土, 版图, 地域3 incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矫正地4 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悦诚服的5 flashed vi.闪光, 闪现, 反射, 使迅速6 pick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速7 bulletin n.公告, 报告8 import n.进口货(常用复数), 进口, 输入, 意思, 重要性vt.输入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入9 sink in 被了解10 implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厉害的12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙13 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走, 翻回到, 重新提到, 折转, 挡住14 euthanasia n.安乐死15 dominoes 多米诺16 injection n.注射, 注射剂, (毛细血管等的)充血, (人造卫星, 宇宙飞船等的)射入轨道17 diagnose v.诊断18 terminally adv.末尾, 一定时期地19 resident n.居民adj.居住的, 常驻的20 haunting adj.常浮现于脑海中的, 不易忘怀的21 spiritual adj.精神上的22 claw n.爪, 脚爪v.抓23 consistently 一贯地，一向，始终如一地24 deserve vt.应受, 值得v.应受25 dull adj.感觉或理解迟钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和vi.变迟钝, 减少26 loneliness n.孤独, 寂寞27 welcome n.欢迎vt.欢迎int.欢迎adj.受欢迎的28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的29 frontier n.国境, 边疆, 边境30 charitable adj.仁慈的, (为)慈善事业的,宽恕的31 impulse n.推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力vt.推动32 weary adj.疲倦的, 厌倦的, 令人厌烦的, 疲劳v.疲倦, 厌倦, 厌烦33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情34 casual adj.偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的35 interpret v.解释, 说明, 口译, 通译, 认为是...的意思36 superficial adj.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的37 artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原产地的38 historically 在历史上, 从历史观点上说39 complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的n.联合体40 assumption n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态41 interrelationship 相互关系[联系, 影响], 干扰42 fail to 未能...43 draw v.拉, 曳, 牵, 画, 绘制, 拖曳vt.汲取, 领取, 提取, 引起, 吸引vi.向...移动, 挨近n.平局, 和局, 拖曳翻译部分：1.monetary adj.货币的, 金钱的2.precise adj.精确的, 准确的n.精确3.inflation n.胀大, 夸张, 通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨4.have any effect on 对…有影响5.analogy n.类似, 类推6.steering n.操纵, 掌舵, 指导7.disadvantages n.不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势8.boast n.自夸, 值得夸耀的事物v.自夸, 以有...而自豪9.average n.平均, 平均水平, 平均数, 海损adj.一般的, 通常的, 平均的vt.平均为, 均分, 使平衡, 达到平均水平vi.买进, 卖出10.d igit n.阿拉伯数字, 手指或足趾, 一指宽(约四分之三英寸)11.f orecasters n.预报员12.p anel n.面板, 嵌板, 仪表板, 座谈小组, 全体陪审员vt.嵌镶板13.c onsistently 一贯地，一向，始终如一地14.f avourable adj.赞成的, 称许的, 有利的, 顺利的n.有利15.c onventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的16.s lack n.松弛, 静止, 淡季, 闲散, 家常裤adj.松弛的, 不流畅的, 疏忽的, 软弱的, 漏水的, 呆滞的, 懒散的vi.松懈, 减弱, 松驰adv.马虎地, 缓慢地vt.使松弛, 使缓慢, 马虎从事17.u tilization n.利用18.t ake off v.拿掉, 取消, 脱衣, 起飞, 减弱, 离开, 岔开, 复制19.p roved 被证实的20.t hrilling adj.毛骨悚然的, 颤动的, 发抖的21.d efective adj.有缺陷的, (智商或行为有)欠缺的n.有缺陷的人, 不完全变化动词1998年重点词汇和词组阅读理解部分1.capture n.捕获, 战利品vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取2.imagination n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 听觉3.at the mercy of adv. 受...支配4.fascinated vt.使着迷, 使神魂颠倒vi.入迷, 极度迷人的5.achievement n.成就, 功绩6.assert v.断言, 声称7.cement n.水泥, 接合剂vt.接合, 用水泥涂, 巩固vi.粘牢8.intended adj.有意的, 故意的, 已经订婚的n已经订婚者9.deprived adj.缺乏足够教育的；缺少食物的10.i n return adv.作为报答11.r eservoir n.水库, 蓄水池12.c ontention n.争夺, 争论, 争辩, 论点13.b idding for n.命令, 出价, 邀请14.d estruction n.破坏, 毁灭15.f ar from adv.远离, 远非, 远远不, 完全不, 非但不16.i mpact n.碰撞, 冲击, 冲突, 影响, 效果vt.挤入, 撞击,压紧, 对...发生影响17.c onflict n.斗争, 冲突vi.抵触, 冲突18.h ydroelectric adj.水力电气的19.i rrigation n.灌溉, 冲洗20.m onster. n.怪物, 妖怪21.d ealing with prep.有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于, 就22.t ales n.[律]候补陪审员召集令23.r evival n.苏醒, 复兴, 复活, 再生效, 复苏24.p roductivity n.生产力25.r evolution n.革命, 旋转26.a ssume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现27.p residing adj.主持会议的, 指挥的28.s tatistics n.统计学, 统计表29.l ump n.块（尤指小块）, 肿块, 笨人vt.使成块状, 混在一起, 忍耐, 笨重地移动vi.结块30.o n average 平均起来31.a cceleration n.加速度32.d ue to adv.由于, 应归于33.r ebound n.回弹v.回弹34.d isjunction n.分离, 分裂, 折断35.a necdote n.轶事, 奇闻36.r eflected adj.反射的,得自他人的37.c ontribution n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿38.b e intended to 为了39.p rofitable adj.有利可图的40.s witch to v.切换到，转到, 转变成41.s peculative adj.投机的42.i neptly adv.不适当地, 无能地43.c hief executive 总裁44.r evenue n.收入, 国家的收入, 税收45.f ar too many 太多的46.c hop out 降低47.b lunt adj. 直率的48.c onsultant n.顾问, 商议者, 咨询者49.s chism n.(政治组织等的)分裂, 教派50.h umanities 人文学科51.c ommunity n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一致, 共同体, (生物)群落52.a ttack n.进攻, 攻击, (用语言)抨击, 批评, 疾病发作, 侵袭vt.攻击, 抨击, 动手处理(某事)vi.攻击53.c oncerns vt.涉及, 关系到n.(利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是54.a ssemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配vi.集合55.f ind fault v.挑剔56.a cademics adj.学院的, 理论的57.o bjectivity n.客观性, 客观现实58.c oncern with v.使关心59.c ontradict vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触60.d ispute v.争论, 辩论, 怀疑, 抗拒, 阻止, 争夺(土地,胜利等)n.争论, 辩论, 争吵61.m anifesto n.宣言, 声明62.s corn n.轻蔑, 嘲笑, 被叱责的人vt.轻蔑, 不屑做63.l ong for v.渴望64.p retechnological 技术时代65.d epletion n.损耗66.e pithet n.绰号, 称号67.l ump n.块（尤指小块）, 肿块, 笨人vt.使成块状, 混在一起, 忍耐, 笨重地移动vi.结块68.e nlighten vt.启发, 启蒙, 教导, 授予...知识, 开导, <古>照耀69.e merge vi.显现, 浮现, 暴露, 形成, (由某种状态)脱出, (事实)显现出来70.c ensus n.人口普查71.s tandstill n.停止, 停顿72.i mplication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示73.e nthrone vt.立...为王, 使登基, 任为主教, 崇拜vi.热心74.d ensely adv.浓密地, 浓厚地75.n umerically 用数字, 在数字上76.d epression n.沮丧, 消沉, 低气压, 低压77.m igrate vi.移动, 移往, 移植, 随季节而移居, (鸟类的)迁徙vt.使移居, 使移植78.a ttribute to 归功于79.d emographer n.人口统计学家80.a pparently adv.显然地81.o vercrowdedness n. 拥挤地区82.s earch for 搜寻83.s pacious adj.广大的, 大规模的84.p lagues n.瘟疫, 麻烦, 苦恼, 灾祸vt.折磨, 使苦恼, 使得灾祸85.a s a result adv.结果86.c onsiderably adv.相当地87.s catter v.分散, 散开, 撒开, 驱散88.i solate vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使绝缘, 离析n.隔离种群89.g eologist n.地质学者90.v olcano n. 火山91.o n the contrary adv.正相反92.i nterior adj.内部的, 内的n.内部93.m ilestones n.里程碑, 里程标, 重要事件, 转折点94.i nject into 把...注入95.c omplementary adj.补充的, 补足的96.r eminder n.提醒的人, 暗示97.i n detail adv.详细地98.r eadily adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地99.s tationary 固定的100.anchor n.锚v.抛锚, 锚定101.confine vt.限制, 禁闭n.界限, 边界102.frame n.结构, 体格帧,画面,框架vt.构成, 设计, 制定, 使适合, 陷害vi.<英方>有成功希望n.帧,画面,框架103.geophysical adj.地球物理学的104.propel vt.推进, 驱使105.continental adj.大陆的, 大陆性的n.欧洲人106.fissure n.裂缝, 裂沟, (思想, 观点等的)分歧v.(使)裂开, (使)分裂107.initiate vt.开始, 发动, 传授v.开始, 发起108.formation n.形成, 构成, 编队109.mutability n.易变性, 性情不定翻译部分：1.by far adv.到目前为止2.object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议vt.提出...来反对3.detect vt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测v.发现4.strip vt.剥, 剥去n.条, 带5.look into v.窥视, 浏览, 观察6.amazing adj.令人惊异的ndmark n.(航海)陆标, 地界标, 里程碑, 划时代的事8.in fact 实际上9.originate in 起源于10.p ut forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出11.d ominant adj.有统治权的, 占优势的, 支配的adj.[生物] 显性的12.c osmos 宇宙13.b urst into v.闯入, 开出, 突然出现14.s ubmicroscopic adj.亚微观的15.o utward adj.外面的, 外表的, 公开的, 向外的, 外出的adv.向外, 在外, 表面上n.外表, 周围世界16.c ondensing into 冷凝为17.g alaxy n.星系, 银河, 一群显赫的人, 一系列光彩夺目的东西18.a strophysicist n.天体物理学家19.i nflationary adj.通货膨胀的, 通货膨胀倾向的20.p ropel vt.推进, 驱使21.a ntigravity n.[物]无重量22.p lausible adj.似是而非的1999年重点词汇和词组阅读理解部分1.rough adj.粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的, 粗暴的, 粗略叙述的v.大体描述adv.粗糙地2.doormat n.(放于门前的)擦鞋垫3.fail to 未能...wsuit n.诉讼(尤指非刑事案件)pensate v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬6.liable for 负责7.misfortune n.不幸, 灾祸8.anticipate vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先v.预订,预见, 可以预料9.stepladder n.活梯10.f all off v.下降, 跌落, 减少, 衰退, 离开11.a ppropriate adj.适当的12.i nteraction n.交互作用, 交感13.f ederal regulation 联邦政府规章14.m anufacture vt.制造, 加工n.制造, 制造业, 产品15.l iability n.责任, 义务, 倾向, 债务, 负债, 与assets相对16.a ppear to 似乎17.s ide with defendant 站在被告一边18.p aralyze vt.使瘫痪, 使麻痹19.h elmet n.头盔, 钢盔20.a t the same time 同时21.r ecommendation n.推荐, 介绍(信), 劝告, 建议22.s ubstantial adj.坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的23.t ort n.[律]民事侵权行为24.b ombard vt. 炮轰；轰击25.t rivialities n.琐事26.f or the benefit of adv.为...的利益27.l egal liability 法律责任28.r evolve v.(使)旋转, 考虑, 循环出现29.t ap n.轻打, 活栓, 水龙头vt.轻打, 轻敲, 敲打出, 开发, 分接, 使流出, 选择, 攻螺纹于vi.轻叩, 轻拍, 轻声走n.<美>(用复数)熄灯号30.p rove to be 证明为31.m ake sense 使…有意义32.l ook for 寻找33.n onetheless adv.虽然如此, 但是34.h esitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿35.r eliability n.可靠性36.s enior adj.年长的, 资格较老的, 地位较高的, 高级的37.t ransaction n.办理, 处理, 会报, 学报, 交易, 事务, 处理事务38.a ccess to 有权使用39.i ntranet 企业内部互联网40.c ommerce n.商业41.a vailable adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的42.f ocus on 集中43.t arget n.目标, 对象, 靶子44.u pdate v.使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新n.现代化, 更新45.s ubscriber n.订户, 签署者, 捐献者46.c ustomize v.[计] 定制, 用户化47.s imilar adj.相似的, 类似的48.s pecial n.特派员, 专车, 专刊adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的,专用的49.c ontempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬, [律]藐视法庭(或国会)50.t hinks highly of 尊重51.d istinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫52.p rospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望vi.寻找, 勘探53.h orrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇54.i nevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的55.r esort to 求助于56.s trategies n.策略, 军略57.i nteractivity 交互性58.h ospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情59.s ecurity n.安全60.s et up v.设立, 竖立, 架起, 升起, 装配, 创(纪录), 提出, 开业61.s ilicon n.[化]硅, 硅元素62.p lunge n.跳进, 投入vi.投入, 跳进, 陷入vt.使投入, 使插入, 使陷入63.i nvisible adj.看不见的, 无形的64.o n the behalf of 代表65.p rospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望vi.寻找, 勘探66.r adical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的n.激进分子67.e xplore v.探险, 探测, 探究68.c ontradiction n.反驳, 矛盾69.a im at v.瞄准, 针对70.j ustify v.证明...是正当的71.c onception n.观念, 概念72.a ssess vt.估定, 评定73.o ptimism n.乐观, 乐观主义74.f orsake vt.放弃, 抛弃75.p essimism n.悲观, 悲观主义76.b etray vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露(秘密), 露出...迹象77.v ocational adj.职业的78.e mphasize vt.强调, 着重v.强调79.m ake sure v.确定，确信,证实80.p resumptuous adj.专横的81.p ick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速82.e ntirely adv.完全地, 全然地, 一概地83.i n any case adv.无论如何84.c omplementary adj.补充的, 补足的85.v ocational adj.职业的86.c onfusion n.混乱, 混淆87.s tartle v.震惊88.b e opposite to 在...对面与...相反89.h usbandry n.管理90.i ndependent n.中立派, 无党派者adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的91.r ecommendation n.中立派, 无党派者adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的92.f everishly adv.兴奋地93.l egislation n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过)94.b e used for 用来做...95.c onsensus n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论96.u nacceptable adj.无法接受的, 不受欢迎的97.a ttempt to 试图，企图98.g eneral n.普通, 将军, 概要adj.一般的, 普通的, 综合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大体的n.常规99.c all for v.要求, 提倡, 为...叫喊, 为...叫100.nucleus n.核子101.in the air adv.在空中, 悬而未决, 在流传中, 不设防102.depend on v.依靠, 依赖103.supposedly adv.想像上, 按照推测104.gravity n.地心引力, 重力105.be curious about 对…好奇106.orbital adj.轨道的, 眼窝的107.consider vt.考虑, 照顾, 认为108.possibility n.可能性, 可能发生的事物109.be ready for 做好了充分的准备110.impression n.印象, 感想, 盖印, 压痕111.substitute for 代替... 替换..., 取代..112.conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会113.advisability n.明智114.frown vi.皱眉, 蹙额, 不赞成, 反对v.皱眉115.be shocked at 对…感到震惊116.speculate vi.推测, 思索, 做投机买卖117.amount to 总计，等于118.victim n.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品119.consistently 一贯地，一向，始终如一地120.convince vt.使确信, 使信服121.carry out n.进位, 射程, 运载vt.携带, 运送, 支持, 支撑, 传送, 意味vi.被携带, 能达到122.according to 依照，按照123.indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明124.measurable adj.可测量的125.reasonable adj.合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的126.distract v.转移127.register n.记录, 登记簿, 登记, 注册, 寄存器vt.记录, 登记, 注册, 提示, 把...挂号vi.登记, 注册, 挂号128.regularity n.规律性, 规则性, 整齐, 匀称129.conformity n.一致, 符合130.desirable adj.值得要的, 合意的, 令人想要的, 悦人心意的131.be blamed for 被责备132.in favor of 赞成133.conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的翻译部分1.definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度2.conform to v.符合, 遵照3.attempt to 试图，企图4.significant adj.有意义的, 重大的, 重要的5.anew adv.重新, 再6.scatter v.分散, 散开, 撒开, 驱散7.partial adj.部分的, 局部的, 偏袒的, 偏爱的n.泛音8.partisan n.游击队9.rever v. 崇尚10.a ffinity n.密切关系, 吸引力, 姻亲关系, 亲合力11.m ethodology n.方法学, 方法论12.r efer to 参考，参照13.p eculiar adj.奇特的, 罕见的, 特殊的n.特有财产, 特权14.a ppropriate adj.适当的15.a ccuse of 因某事控告某人16.m ethod n.方法17.v ictim n.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品18.f allacy n.谬误, 谬论19.i mplementation n.执行20.e quate vt.使相等, [数]视为平等vi.等同2000年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分：1. effortless adj.容易的, 不费力气的2. handicap n.障碍, 阻碍, 障碍赛跑v.妨碍, 使不利, 阻碍3. a driving force 动力4. a glowing period 增长时期，发展时期5. unparalleled adj.无比的, 无双的, 空前的6. scale n.刻度,衡量,比例,数值范围,比例尺,天平,等级vt.依比例决定,攀登,测量7. inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的8. predominance n.优势9. at a loss 困惑10. fading n.褪色,枯萎,衰退11. textile n.纺织品adj.纺织的12. sweep into 涌入13. on the rope (爬山者)用绳相互系在一起14. semiconductor n.[物] 半导体15. at the heart of 关键16. casualty n.伤亡17. prosperity n.繁荣18. sensational adj.使人感动的, 非常好的19. look back on 回忆20. struggling adj.奋斗的, 努力的, 苦斗的21. devalued 减值的, 贬值的22. yield to 屈服, 让步23. on a diet 吃规定的饮食24. quick-witted 机智25. executive adj.实行的, 执行的, 行政的n.执行者, 经理主管人员26. think tank n.智囊团27. drop to 下降到，跌到28. maturity n.成热, 完备, (票据)到期, 成熟29. universal adj.普遍的, 全体的, 通用的, 宇宙的, 世界的30. mortality n.死亡率31. excess n.过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额adj.过度的, 额外的32. crucial adj.至关紧要的33. depend on 依赖，依靠34. kilogram n.[物]千克, 公斤35. variation n.变更, 变化, 变异, 变种, [音]变奏, 变调36. due to adv.由于, 应归于37. suicide n.自杀, 自毁, 给自己带来伤害或损失的行为38 . fertile adj.肥沃的, 富饶的, 能繁殖的39. religious adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的，严格的n.僧侣, 尼姑, 修道士40. offspring n.(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代, 产物41. take advantage of 利用42. diminish v.(使)减少, (使)变小43. tribal adj.部落的, 种族的44. mediocrity n.平常, 平庸之才45. biological adj.生物学的46. utopia n.乌托邦, 理想的完美境界, 空想的社会改良计划47. physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的n.体格检查48. transform vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形vi.改变, 转化, 变换n.[数]变换(式), [语]转换49 . ignorant of 不懂, 不知道50. organic adj.器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的51. beyond prep.在(到)...较远的一边, 超过, 那一边adv.在远处n.远处52. comprehension n.理解, 包含53. descendant n.子孙, 后裔, 后代54. find out v.找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发55. advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹56. aim at v.瞄准, 针对57. farfetched adj.牵强的58. be regarded as 视为59. with regard to adv.关于60. case n.事, 病例, 案例, 情形, 场合, 讼案, 容器, (语法)格61. literature n.文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献62. in brief 简单扼要地63. consequently adv.从而, 因此64. undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受65. require vt.需要, 要求, 命令66. pour out v.诉说, 倾吐67. unhampered adj.无妨碍的，无阻碍的68. make up v.弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆，补足,拼凑69. imitate vt.模仿, 仿效, 仿制, 仿造v.模仿70. at will adv.随意, 任意71. confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的72. upsetting adj.令人心烦意乱的,令人苦恼的73. proposition n.主张, 建议, 陈述, 命题74. call for v.要求, 提倡, 为...叫喊, 为...叫75. essentially adv.本质上, 本来76. aimlessness adj.无目的的, 没有目标的77. envy n.vt.羡慕, 嫉妒78. male-dominated 男性主宰的79. questioning 质问80. sacrifice n.牺牲, 献身, 祭品, 供奉v.牺牲, 献出, 献祭, 供奉81. rigid adj.刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的82. in addition n.加, 加起来, 增加物, 增加, 加法83. emphasis on 强调84. mechanical adj.机械的, 机械制的, 机械似的, 呆板的85. show up v.揭露, 露出, 露面86. test n.测试, 试验, 检验v.测试, 试验, 检验87. committee n.委员会88. frustration n.挫败, 挫折, 受挫89. drop out v.不参与, 离去, 放弃90. incident n.事件, 事变adj.附带的, 易于发生的91. violence n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴92. assault n.攻击, 袭击v.袭击93. outcry n.大声疾呼94. conservative adj.保守的, 守旧的n.保守派95. emphasis n.强调, 重点96. minister n.部长, 大臣97. raise eyebrow 质疑地98. have more to do with 与…有关99. centralization n.集中, 中央集权化100. isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独101. commute v.交换, 抵偿, 减刑, <电工>整流102. crowded adj.拥挤的, 塞满的103. distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫104. destiny n.命运, 定数105. vitality n.活力, 生命力, 生动性106. admired v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕107. in an odd way 奇怪的是108. hypocrisy n.伪善109. barn n.[农]谷仓, 畜棚, 畜舍, 机器房110. in demand 需求111. decade n.十年, 十112. confess v.承认, 坦白, 忏悔113. pushing adj.有进取心的, 有冲劲的, 急切的114. acquisitive adj.想获得的, 有获得可能性的, 可学到的115. vulgar adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的, 普通的, 通俗的, 本土的n.<古>平民, 百姓116. materialism n.唯物主义117. radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的n.激进分子118. journalist n.新闻记者, 从事新闻杂志业的人119. advocating n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹120. participatory adj.供人分享的121. exceptional adj.例外的, 异常的122. formulation n.用公式表示, 明确地表达, 作简洁陈述123. at all costs adv.( =at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何124. public n.公众, (特定的)人群, 公共场所adj.公众的, 公共的, 公立的, 公用的125. unimpressive adj.不令人信服的, 无印象的, 印象淡薄的126. as a result adv.结果127. admired v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕128. fixed adj.固定的, 确定的, 准备好的, 固执的, 不易发挥的,<美口>(在经济上)处境...的129. stirring adj.激动人心的, 活跃的, 忙碌的130. prompting n.促进, 激励, 提示131. profess v.表示132. get on v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展, (使)前进, <口> 赶快, 发迹, 进展翻译部分1. act on v.对...起作用, 按...行动, 作用于2. welfare n.福利, 安宁, 幸福, 福利事业, 社会安全adj.福利的3. be bound up with 密切相关4. rest upon 依赖于5. secor 距离连续校正6. step up v.走近, 逐步增加, 提升, 提高7. utilize vt.利用8. the best advantage 最大利益9. interfere vi.干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰10. in any case adv.无论如何11. manpower n.人力12. remarkable adj.不平常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的, 显著的13. be exposed to 遭受, 暴露于...14. innovation n.改革, 创新15. industrialized adj.工业化的16. pattern n.模范, 式样, 模式, 样品, 格调, 图案vt.模仿, 仿造, 以图案装饰vi.形成图案17. spread n.伸展, 展开, 传播, 蔓延, 酒席, 宴会, 桌布v.伸展, 展开, 铺, 涂, 敷, 摆, 传播, 散布18. undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受19. concern vt.涉及, 关系到n.(利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是20. appropriate adj.适当的21. put them into effect 付诸实施2001年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分1. specialization n.特殊化, 专门化, 特化作用2. response to 回答，反应，响应3. accumulation n.积聚, 堆积物4. split up 分裂5. no clear-cut distinction 没有绝对的区别6. amateur n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家7. connotation n.含蓄, 储蓄的东西(词、语等), 内涵8. integrate into 融入到……中去9. community n.公社、团体、社会10. in particular 特别是11. consequent adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的12. imply vt.暗示, 意味13. participation in 参与14. illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明15. in terms of 根据16. geology n.地质学, 地质概况17. definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度18. acceptable to adj.可接受的, 合意的19. incorporate adj.合并的, 一体化的vt.合并, 组成公司20. make entrance to 接近21. be reinforced by 加强22. refereeing n.仲裁人, , [体]裁判员v.仲裁,23. underway adj.起步的,进行中的, 航行中的24. be reckoned as vt.计算, 估计,25. a great deal of 大量26. in the interest of 对……有利27. universalize access 普遍可以获得28. digital divide 数字鸿沟29. impoverished adj.穷困的, 无力的,用尽了的30. sovereignty n.君主, 主权, 主权国家31. distrust vt./n.不信任32. credibility n.可信性33. turn out to be 结果是34. factual adj.事实的, 实际的35. combine with v.与... ...结合36. head-scratching 令人头痛的37. puzzlement n.迷惑38. plug vt.堵, 插栓n.塞子, 插头, 插销39. conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的40. narrative adj.叙述性的n.叙述41. disconnect v.拆开, 分离, 断开42. resident n.居民adj.居住的, 常驻的43. community n.团体, 共有, 一致, 共同体,44. at random 随意的45. maid n.少女, 女仆46. put down root 扎根47. elite n.<法>[集合名词]精华, 中坚分子48. root in 扎根于49. clash n.冲突, 撞击声,50. sponsor n.发起人, vt.发起, v.赞助51. symposium n.讨论会, 座谈会52. be dedicated to adj.专注的, 献身的53. diversity n.差异, 多样性54. there's no question that 毫无疑问55. multinational corporation 跨国公司56. account for v.说明, 占, 解决, 得分57. affiliate v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员58. underlie vt.位于...之下, 成为...的基础59. scanty adj.缺乏的, ,俭省的,60. be broken up 坏掉的61. watch n.注视，手表62. supervise v.监视，监督63. lender n.出借人, 贷方64. gigantic adj.巨人般的, 巨大的65. take upon 承担66. lateral n.侧部, adj.横(向)的, 侧面的67. profile n.剖面, 侧面, 外形, 轮廓68. in the manner of 以... ...方式69. disgraced n.耻辱, 丢脸的人(或事) v.玷污70. passionate adj.充满热情的71. advocate n.提倡者vt.提倡,72. preach v.鼓吹73. resignation n.辞职, 辞职书, 放弃,74. doctrine n.教条, 学说75. voluntary simplicity 自愿简朴76. breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, n.品种,77. cling-film 薄膜78. dropping out n.滴下, 滴下物, 空投,79. redundancy n.裁员翻译部分：1. offend v.犯罪, 冒犯, ,得罪,2. equip with 装备3. personality n.个性, ,人物,4. futurologist n.未来学家5. dramatically adv.戏剧地, 引人注目地6. piece together 拼凑在一起7. pick up 偶然碰到8. integration n.综合9. synthetic adj.合成的, 人造的,10. appliance n.用具, 器具11. kitchen-rage 厨房狂躁症2002年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分：1. indentify v.确定，证明2. relevant to 有关的，相应的3. in sympathy with 同情4. depend on 依赖，依靠5. refer to v.查阅, 提到, 谈到,6. secretary n.秘书, 书记, 部长,7. alternatively adv.做为选择, 二者择一地8. addressing 寻址, 选择, 选址9. comment on 评论10. convention n.大会, 协定, 习俗,11. arrive in 到达12. show around 参观13. accommodation n.住处, 膳宿14. push aside 把. . . . . .推开,避开15. stomp n.跺脚16. position n.位置17. common to 共同的，公共的，公用的18. appropriate adj.适当的19. inedible adj.不适于食用的,20. notorious adj.声名狼籍的21. resent v.愤恨, 怨恨22. disparaging adj.蔑视的, 毁谤的,23. scapegoat n.替罪羊24. off-the-cuff 即兴的25. familiar adj.熟悉的, n.密友,26. exaggeration n.夸张, 夸大之词27. understandment n.理解28. pick out 挑选29. inject vt.注射, 注入30. ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧,31. cope with 对付，应对32. burdensome adj.繁重的, 烦累的,33. result in 导致34. confer n.商讨，授予35. version n.译文, 译本,36. as a result 结果是37. gizmos n.小发明38. universal adj.普遍的, 通用的, 宇宙的,39. hum to v.嗡嗡叫, 哼40. assembly n.集合, 装配,41. automated adj.自动化的42. terminal n. 终端, adj.末期, 每期的,43. control v.控制44. miniaturization n.小型化45. submillimeter n.微米46. supervision n.监督, 管理47. at least 至少48. interactvi.互相作用, 互相影响49. despite prep.不管, 尽管, 不论50. initial adj.最初的, 词首的, n.词首大写字母51. in attempting to 企图52. a fraction of n.小部分, 片断, 分数53. irrelevant adj.不相关的54. instantaneous adj.瞬间的, 即刻的,55. suspicious adj.(～of) 可疑的, 怀疑的56. neuroscientist n.神经科学家57. return vi.归还58. jump vi.跳跃，上涨59. scary adj.引起惊慌的60. quadruple adj.四倍的, 四重的, n.四倍61. suspend vt.吊, 悬挂v.延缓62. consequence n.结果, [逻]推理, 因果关系,63. severe adj.严厉的, 剧烈的, 严重的,64. effect n.结果, 影响, vt.招致,达到(目的等)65. sensitive to adj.敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光的66. conservation n.保存, 保持, 守恒67. intensive adj.强烈的,68. consumption n.消费, 消费量, 肺病69. consultancy n. -cies 顾问（工作）70. estimate v.估计, 估价, 评估71. compared with 相比72. commodity n.日用品73. supreme adj.极度的, 极大的, 最高的74. implicaton n.暗示75. constitutional adj.构成的, 宪法的,76. intend vt.想要,意指,77. foresee vt.预见, 预知78. permissible adj.可允许的,79. justify v.证明...是正当的80. morphine n.吗啡81. principle n.法则, 原则, 原理82. mediation n.仲裁, 调停, 调解83. maintain vt.维持, 供养, 主张84. prescribe v.指示, 规定, 处(方),85. legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, v.合法86. homicide n.谋杀87. community n. 团体,共同体, 共有, 共同体,88. acknowledge vt.承认, 答谢, 报偿89. prolonged vt.延长, 拖延90. ineffectual adj.无效的, 不成功的91. hospice n.旅客住宿处, 收容所,92. therapyn.治疗93. to the extent that 大意是说94. systematic adj.系统的, 体系的95. presumptively adv.假设地96. incompentently adv.不合格地翻译部分：1. major adj.主修的, 成年的,2. behaviorn.举止, 行为3. similar adj.相似的, 类似的4. discard vt.丢弃, 抛弃5. remain vi.保持, 逗留, 剩余,6. obscure adj.暗的, 模糊的,7. interaction n.交互作用, 交感8. prescientific adj.科学以前的,9. entrench v.以壕沟防护10. illustrate vt.举例说明, 图解,11. responsibility n.责任, 职责2003年重点词组与词汇阅读理解部分:1. spymaster n.间谍组织的首脑2. lay the root for 打下基础3. be fascinated with 着迷4. believe in 相信5. espionage n.间谍, 侦探6. reshape vt.改造, 再成形,7. vocation n.召唤, 职业8. electronic adj.电子的9. decade n.十年, 十10. point-and-click 点击11. intelligence n.智力, 聪明, 智能12. increasingly adv.日益, 愈加13. influential adj.有影响的, 有势力的14. compile vt.编译, 编辑, 汇编15. by a large margin 大幅度16. advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益17. mastery n.掌握18. private adj.私人的, 私有的,19. corporation n.[律]社团, 法人,20. prediction n.预言, 预报21. mutually adv.互相地, 互助22. distribution n.分配,23. vacum up 清空24. predict v.预知, 预言, 预报25. sign-up 登记26. staff n.棒, 全体职员, vt.供给人员,27. back-and-forthing 来来回回28. dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的29. declaration n.宣布, 宣言,30. take pride in 骄傲31. independent n.中立派, adj.独立自主的,32. paraphrase n.短语,措词33. triumph n.胜利, 成功v.获得胜利34. misguide vt.误导35. seek to v.寻找, 探索,36. biomedical adj.生物(学和)医学的37. rull out 排除38. advocate n.提倡者, vt.提倡,39. advance in n.前进, v., 预付adj.前面的40. allegation n.主张，断言, 辩解41. cruelty to n.残忍, 残酷42. perplexed adj.困惑的, 不知所措的43. deliberately adv.故意地44. staffing 安置职工45. fair adj.美丽的, (头发)金黄的,公平的, (天气)晴朗的46. distributing v.分配,分发,分布47. encourage vt.鼓励, 怂恿48. immunization n.使免除, 使免疫49. vaccine adj.疫苗的, n.疫苗50. epidemic adj.流行的, n.时疫,51. compassionate adj.富于同情心的52. molecular adj.[化]分子的, 由分子组成的53. make clear 弄清楚54. connection between 联系55. hip n., 忧郁adj.熟悉内情的56. at best adj.最好的adv.最好地57. at worst adj.最坏的, 最差的。

考研英语范文推荐书籍推荐11篇考研英语范文推荐书籍第一篇考研真相系列是每年考生用的最多的真题参考书，一共20年，现在应该更新到了 2023 - 2023 年，一共 20 年真题。

英语一用《考研真相》，英语二以前叫考研圣经，现在叫《考研真相》英语二。

下面根据我的经验，说说这本书的优点：（1）内容十分详细：一套总共 5 本，除 3 本历年真题外，还有 1 本《基础研读版》帮你补充词汇、语法、长难句的基础，1 本《考点速记版》帮你考前速记真题考点。

特别适合基础弱的学生，基础好的也完全可以使用。

（2）逐词逐句精讲：比别的真题书多了一本专门的逐词逐句精讲册，真题文章每一句都用图示解析来划分句子结构，帮助学生吃透真题文章；同时文章中的重点单词也有注释，帮助学生巩固重点词汇。

（3）独特的解题法：1 类题型 1 个解题模板，步骤固定，方法简单也容易上手，很适合新手学习；阅读部分采用“2 个路径+4 个步骤”解题的方式，4 个步骤分别是“找关键词-回文定位-比对匹配-辐射匹配”，适合除了主旨题以外任何一种题型，做没见过的新题也同样可以按步骤轻松解题。

总之，只要学会 1 个方法，所有题型都可以按照步骤解题！考研英语范文推荐书籍第二篇综合对比下来，学长还是最推荐单词书《考研词汇闪过》，适合考研全程使用，划重点省时间，无论是通背单词还是精背单词，都能满足需求。

大家如果有其他需求，可以根据自己的实际情况，再选择其他的。

但不管选择哪一本单词书，都一定要安排好背诵计划，坚持到底才行！其实，背单词是一个长期的过程，但是背单词也不是一个死记硬背的过程，学长建议按照以下方法来背诵：磨刀不误砍柴工，前期的复习规划、老师选择、复习经验、报考院校信息等等可以让你少走很多弯路。

我专门去找了知乎官方给大家带来了知乎最新的「23考研上岸直通车」，适合正在备战的23届同学们。

大家可以免费听直播课+领取考研干货资料（包括复习全年规划、报考院校信息资料包、考研政治重要会议线、考研核心词汇图等等）+加入考研互助群，受专业指导，我去看了下质量非常高，虽然是免费的，但还算良心，特意找来了分享一下。

2004年真题词汇注释与常难句分析causal［］a.因果关系的；前因后果的；原因的(P4L6) concerning［］prep.about something;involving somebody/something 关于；涉及(P1L1)consist of sth［］v.由……组成、构成例：Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。

(P4L1)delinquency［］n.（常指青年人的）犯罪，违法行为【超纲】(P1L1) disadvantaged［］a.*1.社会地位低下的；生活条件差的；贫困的例：a severely disadvantaged area极贫困地区2.（the disadvantaged）people who are disadvantaged下层社会(P2L1)discontent［］a.不满；不满足；不满的缘由(P3L3)engage（sb）in（sth）（使）从事，参加例：Even in prison,he continued to engage in criminal activities.他甚至在监狱里还继续从事犯罪活动。

(P1L3)establish［］v.to discover or prove the facts of a situation查实；确定；证实例：Police are still trying to establish the cause of the accident.警方仍在努力确定事故的原因。

(P4L7)gainful［］ed to describe useful work that you are paid for有收益的；有报酬的；有利可图的(P3L2)household［］n.一家人；家庭例：low income households低收入家庭。

(P4L1)misdeed［］n.恶行；不义之举例：He will have to answer for hismisdeeds in a court of law.他将不得不为其恶劣行径在法庭上受到惩罚。

英语一2011年黄皮书解析
2011年考研英语一黄皮书解析，是考研英语辅导书，作者是张剑。

本书将2011年考研英语试题和前一年试题一道从英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作这三个方面进行了鞭辟入里的分析讲解，刻意打造了“新阅读理解”和“新题型”这两个栏目。

解析分册内容如下：
1. 历年真题分析：分析历年真题，总结命题规律，提示考试重点。

2. 解题策略技巧：针对不同题型，提供不同的解题方法和策略，帮助考生快速提高成绩。

3. 知识精讲：对考试涉及的知识点进行系统归纳和整理，便于考生系统掌握。

4. 预测模拟试题：结合命题规律，编写了多套模拟试题，帮助考生实战演练，提高解题能力。

5. 答案解析：提供详尽的答案解析，帮助考生了解错题的原因，提高答题的正确率。

总的来说，这本书对于准备考研的学生来说非常有用，它不仅可以帮助他们理解考试的格式和要求，还可以提供实用的技巧和策略，以帮助他们更好地准备考试。

考研公共课参考书最全解读对于刚开始备考的你们来说，很多⼩伙伴不知道买哪种参考书，今天我们的重点就是「参考书推荐」，今天所推图书都是历年⼝碑很赞的书籍，也是幸福哥根据历年考研学⼦⽤书反馈及⾃⼰的亲⾝经历精⼼编制，希望对⼤家的复习有所帮助。

没有任何书籍是⼗全⼗美且适合所有⼈的，所以，也会把书籍的⼀些优缺点简单罗列，具体书籍内部排版和书籍样式可以去书店或某宝查看，适合⾃⼰的就是最好的。

考研数学对于刚开始备考的你来说，对数学的知识点会有⼀些陌⽣了，如果直接买名师复习全书系列可能会感觉有点吃⼒，所以，数学第⼀轮的复习，往往是要过两遍教材，同时⼲掉配套习题，之后，我们再开始⽤名师系列书籍，会更容易上⼿，所以，我们先给⼤家推荐「教材」，后推荐「名师系列」。

⼀、教材⾼等数学：同济七版「上下册」线性代数：同济六版「共⼀本」线性代数：浙⼤四版「共⼀本」官⽅指定教材，推荐⽤这套。

如果你们学校⾃⼰出教材，要核对知识点是否有删减，⽆删减可⽤，有删减不⽤。

⼆、名师版本李永乐系列：◆《考研数学复习全书》「厚厚的⼀本」◆《线性代数辅导讲义》「李永乐⽼师精华之作，超越全书」◆《数学基础过关660题》「答案+解析2本」◆《考研数学历年真题权威解析》◆《决胜冲刺6+2》「预测系列」✔推荐指数：☆☆☆☆☆，660题⾮常经典，难度略⼤，如果不⽤李永乐全套，也建议买⼀本，放到暑假练⼿。

张宇系列：◆《张宇带你学》「教材」◆《⾼等数学18讲》+《线性代数9讲》+《概率统计9讲》「知识点精讲」◆《张宇考研数学题源探析经典1000题》「习题集」◆《张宇考研数学真题⼤全解》「真题集」◆《张宇考研数学闭关修炼⼀百⼋⼗题》「经典好题」◆《考研数学命题⼈终极预测8套卷》「预测系列」◆《张宇考研数学最后4套卷》「预测系列」✔如果听张宇课的同学，可以买他的系列，因为张宇带你学、36讲等都是有配套增值课程的，更有助于基础⼀般的同学复习。

汤家凤系列：◆《考研数学复习⼤全》「厚厚的⼀本」◆《⾼等数学辅导讲义》「⽐复习⼤全更细」◆《线性代数辅导讲义》「⽐复习⼤全更细」◆《概率统计辅导讲义》「⽐复习⼤全更细」◆《接⼒题典1800题》「答案+解析2本」◆《绝对考场⼋套卷》「预测系列」✔1800题分为基础和提⾼两个部分，⼤家可以⽤于基础训练和强化训练使⽤，1800个题⽬，全年来看，⾜够了，之后再拿真题辅助。

考研真相和黄皮书哪个好？戳心考研忠告！考研真相和黄皮书哪个好，我给不出考研er们确定的答案，只能是从这两本书的本身出发，给考研er们一些参考和建议。

--------❶《考研真相》-------------------------------------------◎主打适合英语基础薄弱的考研党，真题解析逐词逐句讲解（每个题型都是）◎大、小作文各有3篇范文，而且范文的形式是：经典范文、思路突破范文、语言创新范文，这样逐级提升的。

◎翻译的译文也分为两种，一种是普通的译文，一种是升级译文，前后对比更直观自己应怎样练习。

◎这本真题书不管是对阅读还是作文、翻译都涉及的很全面，非常适合英语基础薄弱的考研党细细研读真题，英语基础好的考研党也可以用来全面熟悉文章。

--------❷黄皮书-----------------------------------------------◎它主打的什么暂时还不太清楚，但是它的文章语篇分析很不错，能清晰理解文章大意。

◎真题解析相对《考研真相》来说还是不够详细，句子讲解是挑个别讲的，作文范文有1篇。

◎比较来说，黄皮书更适合英语基础好的考研党。

因为英语基础好，直接可以跨过简单句，重点复习黄皮书上的就可以，但是相对英语基础薄弱的考研党而言，简单句的理解也是很困难的。

--------❸梳理选择思路----------------------------------------对于考研真相和黄皮书哪个好来说，我个人认为都挺好的。

主要是你要认清你的英语基础，然后确定自己想用哪种形式复习、想达到怎样的复习效果。

①英语基础：很多考研党对于自己的英语基础不会定位，可以用自己的四六级成绩做参考。

英语基础真正好的考研党，四六级成绩必然是在550+；425-430分刚过线也只能说基础有些薄弱；435-499英语基础中等，500-549分，英语基础属于中上的。

其实对于四六级分数，永远不要说：我本来可以考多少分，我本来可以做对的，其实这些还是因为你的学习和练习不到位，不要给自己找这种借口。

考研英语（一）复习用书【与考研大纲有关的三本书】教育部考试中心一般每年都会针对数学、英语、政治这些考研统考科目出这三类书，那么这三类书有什么区别、应该怎么用呢？下面我们就为您一一解开这三本书的奥秘：考试大纲，就是要考试内容的纲要。

所有的试题都是围绕着大纲而命制，市场上的书也是根据这个来编写。

不过教育部考试中心的另外两本书《大纲解析》和《考试分析》里面都包含了大纲的所有内容，所以如果买了另外2本书的话考试大纲是可以不用买的。

不过反正大纲也不太贵，只有几块钱，所以还是买齐比较好。

大纲解析，可以说是考试依赖的教材，我们考研复习的时候没有必要再另外买教材或者使用大学里的教材，直接用大纲解析就可以了。

大纲解析是对考试大纲的最权威的解读。

考试分析，这本书分两部分，前面一部分可以说是大纲解析的简要版，对于大纲解析的冗长的文字进行了精编，所以很多文字会直接成为分析题的答案，特别是对大纲解析把握不好的人可以参考一下考试分析。

考试分析的后面一部分是对近几年的真题详细而且权威的解答。

对于考研人来说，近几年的真题是值得我们好好研究的。

1、考研英语大纲①《2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲（非英语专业）》（作者教育部考试中心出版社高等教育出版社）内容简介由教育部主管部门和教育部考试中心组织考研英语命题专家修订。

明确规定了2012年考研英语的考试范围、方法和要求，同时给出试题示例和近三年考题，供考生参考以熟悉考试题型。

它是考试命题和考生备考的基本依据。

变动情况:2012版英语大纲重新更换了英语知识运用\阅读理解PART A 和翻译部分的样题,难度和选材上要求更加明确,如英语知识运用更注重词汇的辨析和句际关系题,出题方式将更灵活,难度更大.阅读本身更注重英语语言本身的材料,兼顾经济生活和社会热点,英译汉新换的样题则更注重翻译方法\技巧的考查。

目录Ⅰ．考试性质Ⅱ．考查目标Ⅲ．考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构Ⅳ．题型示例及参考答案附录1 词汇表附录2 常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家(或地区)、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词附录3 200982011年英语(一)试题分析②《2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试:英语1考试大纲解析(非英语专业)》（作者全国硕士研究生入学统一考试辅导用书编委会编出版社高等教育出版社）由考研命题专家根据全面调整后的2012年考研《英语考试大纲》编写，以权威、精准、实用为目标，帮助考生全面了解、准确掌握英语大纲对词汇，语法和各种题型的考查要求，并例举大量真题和模拟试题对考研英语知识运用、阅读理解，新题型、翻译和写作等部分进行深入分析，给出考查要点和解题思路及答题方法。