Automated Driving – Impacts on the Vehicle Architecture
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Abstract
In the years between now and 2022, the foundation for automated driving will be developed. Automated driving will not be introduced in the market at once and not with the same electrical and electronics (E/E) architecture; it will be introduced piece by piece and in different forms of E/E architectures. The main reasons for automated driving will always be the same: comfortable, efficient and safe driving.
assistance systems need still the full supervision from the driver. The next functional steps are called partly automated systems, which can control the longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle for a certain time, but still need the full supervision of the driver. After the partly automated system the next step is the highly automated system, which doesn’t need the full supervision of the driver under well defined driving and environment conditions. The final step is the so called fully automated system, which allows door-todoor driving without any supervision of the driver. Automated driving is a part of the future mobility, which also requires connected mobility, electric mobility, parking management, integration of the consumer electronics (CE) world and multimodal mobility. Why do we need automated driving and what are the benefits for the society from automated driving? The advantages are: Reduced congestion; fewer traffic jams and less waiting time at intersections and lights 80% improvement in traffic throughput1. Higher fuel efficiency; synchronized traffic flow 23 to 39% improvement in highway fuel economy2.Gain in productivity; time in transit becomes more productive 56 minutes per day freed up for other uses (US)3. Democratization of mobility; over-65 segment growing 50% faster than overall population Allow a variety of age ranges to be mobile. Improved safety; reduction in motor vehicle accident rates 90% reduction in
Partly automated Supervised by driver Highly automated Fully automated
Reduced driver supervision
Customer benefit
Auto pilot Highway assist Highway pilot
Introduction
What is automated driving and why do we need automated driving? The goal of automated driving is the capability of the vehicle to drive and maneuver without supervision of the driver in all kind of driving conditions and environments. To achieve this goal a step-by-step approach is required for technological and psychological reasons
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1999 Skidding avoidance (ESP) Driver assistance 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Road fatalities Installation rates / road fatalities in Germany Safe braking and steering (ABS)
Additional sensors or information are map data and the connection to other cars (car2car) and to the environment (car2x), which means the automotive cloud will be an integral part of the vehicle and E/E architecture. Car2x concepts include also local danger warning and driver assistance functions. Also driver monitoring will be a key element for automated driving functions, because the system has to be able to return control to the capable driver if required.
C28
978-4-86348-502-0
2015 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers
1.2 m global road fatalities4 ; 90% of all car accidents involving injury are caused by human error.
The number of road fatalities reduced by 60% within last 14 years due to active safety systems; introduction of further driver assistance systems will amplify this positive trend. E/E-Architecture The major impact from automated driving for the E/E architecture will be the transition from a fail-silent architecture to a fail-operation architecture.
Fail-safe architecture
BAT
CGW HU ESPi AB+ EPS xRR MPC PP
This will affect all areas of the functional chain and the vehicle infrastructure like data multiplexing, energy supply and vehicle packaging layout. Starting from sensor level, the sensors must provide a 360° surround sensing by combination of different sensor principles to satisfy functional and reliability requirements for each area. The used sensor principles are radar, video, lidar and for the near field additional ultrasonic.
Another important part of the functional chain are the actuation elements, which must be extremely reliable, which means, redundant steering, braking, and stabilization systems is required. The best solution for this is a modular actuation concept which offers the best independency regarding common mode failures.
In the years between now and 2022, the foundation for automated driving will be developed. Automated driving will not be introduced in the market at once and not with the same electrical and electronics (E/E) architecture; it will be introduced piece by piece and in different forms of E/E architectures. The main reasons for automated driving will always be the same: comfortable, efficient and safe driving.
assistance systems need still the full supervision from the driver. The next functional steps are called partly automated systems, which can control the longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle for a certain time, but still need the full supervision of the driver. After the partly automated system the next step is the highly automated system, which doesn’t need the full supervision of the driver under well defined driving and environment conditions. The final step is the so called fully automated system, which allows door-todoor driving without any supervision of the driver. Automated driving is a part of the future mobility, which also requires connected mobility, electric mobility, parking management, integration of the consumer electronics (CE) world and multimodal mobility. Why do we need automated driving and what are the benefits for the society from automated driving? The advantages are: Reduced congestion; fewer traffic jams and less waiting time at intersections and lights 80% improvement in traffic throughput1. Higher fuel efficiency; synchronized traffic flow 23 to 39% improvement in highway fuel economy2.Gain in productivity; time in transit becomes more productive 56 minutes per day freed up for other uses (US)3. Democratization of mobility; over-65 segment growing 50% faster than overall population Allow a variety of age ranges to be mobile. Improved safety; reduction in motor vehicle accident rates 90% reduction in
Partly automated Supervised by driver Highly automated Fully automated
Reduced driver supervision
Customer benefit
Auto pilot Highway assist Highway pilot
Introduction
What is automated driving and why do we need automated driving? The goal of automated driving is the capability of the vehicle to drive and maneuver without supervision of the driver in all kind of driving conditions and environments. To achieve this goal a step-by-step approach is required for technological and psychological reasons
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1999 Skidding avoidance (ESP) Driver assistance 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Road fatalities Installation rates / road fatalities in Germany Safe braking and steering (ABS)
Additional sensors or information are map data and the connection to other cars (car2car) and to the environment (car2x), which means the automotive cloud will be an integral part of the vehicle and E/E architecture. Car2x concepts include also local danger warning and driver assistance functions. Also driver monitoring will be a key element for automated driving functions, because the system has to be able to return control to the capable driver if required.
C28
978-4-86348-502-0
2015 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers
1.2 m global road fatalities4 ; 90% of all car accidents involving injury are caused by human error.
The number of road fatalities reduced by 60% within last 14 years due to active safety systems; introduction of further driver assistance systems will amplify this positive trend. E/E-Architecture The major impact from automated driving for the E/E architecture will be the transition from a fail-silent architecture to a fail-operation architecture.
Fail-safe architecture
BAT
CGW HU ESPi AB+ EPS xRR MPC PP
This will affect all areas of the functional chain and the vehicle infrastructure like data multiplexing, energy supply and vehicle packaging layout. Starting from sensor level, the sensors must provide a 360° surround sensing by combination of different sensor principles to satisfy functional and reliability requirements for each area. The used sensor principles are radar, video, lidar and for the near field additional ultrasonic.
Another important part of the functional chain are the actuation elements, which must be extremely reliable, which means, redundant steering, braking, and stabilization systems is required. The best solution for this is a modular actuation concept which offers the best independency regarding common mode failures.
