酒店管理设计与实现外文资料翻译

酒店管理专业的英文范文Alright, here's a sample text for a hotel management major, written in an informal and conversational English style while maintaining the requirements you specified:---。

So, you're thinking about getting into hotel management? Well, let me tell you, it's an exciting field! You'll be dealing with people from all over the world, making sure their stay is as comfortable as possible.One thing I love about this job is the variety. No two days are ever the same. You might be handling a big event one day and then dealing with a last-minute guest request the next. It's always something new.Communication is key in this industry. You have to be able to talk to your team, guests, and even suppliers effectively. A smile and a kind word can make all thedifference in someone's experience.But it's not just about the people. You'll also be managing finances, making sure the hotel is running smoothly and efficiently. That means knowing your numbers and being able to make quick decisions.Another great thing is the opportunity to travel. As a hotel manager, you might have to visit other properties or even attend conferences abroad.。

酒店服务质量管理外文文献翻译This article examines the issue of service quality management in the hotel industry。

The importance of providing high-quality service to customers is emphasized。

as it is a key factor in customer XXX can use to improve their service quality。

such as employee training。

customer feedback。

and service recovery。

nally。

the article highlights the role of technology in service quality management and the XXX.In the hotel industry。

providing high-XXX service during their stay。

and any ings in service quality can lead to negative reviews and a loss of business。

Therefore。

XXX service quality management in order to XXX.XXX employees。

hotels XXX。

problem-solving。

XXX。

hotels XXX.XXX of service quality management is service recovery。

Even with the best ns and efforts。

mistakes and service failuresXXX must have a plan in place for addressing these XXX refunds。

文献综述前言本人毕业设计的论题为《基于JSP的宾馆管理系统的设计和实现》，该系统是在目前服务业的发展日益明显，宾馆的发展也成为了必然的趋势。

国外的宾馆大多宾馆都进入了电脑时代，而目前我国各类宾馆中还有相当一部分宾馆还停留在人工管理的基础上，尤其是中、小得宾馆的管理更是如此，这样的管理机制已经不能适应时代的发展。

另外宾馆行业的发展，使顾客信息呈爆炸性增长，宾馆对宾馆信息管理的自动化与准确化的要求日益强烈的背景下构思出来的，该软件设计完成后可用于所有宾馆行业的发展和管理。

使用计算机对顾客信息进行管理，有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点，例如：检索迅速、查找方便、易修改、可靠性高、存储量大、数据处理快捷、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。

这些优点能够极大地提高对宾馆信息管理的效率。

本文根据目前国内外学者对宾馆管理系统的研究成果，借鉴他们的成功经验，对宾馆管理系统进行开发。

本文综述了前人所论述的文献，结合自己的看法，并提出自己的观点。

随着科学技术的不断提高，计算机科学的日渐成熟，使用日趋成熟的计算机技术将代替传统的人工模式，来实现宾馆信息的现代化管理，其强大的功能已为人们所深刻认识，它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。

郭真（2009）在《JSP程序设计教程》中系统地介绍了有关JSP开发所涉及的各类知识，包括JSP概述、JSP开发基础、JSP语法、JSP内置对象、JavaBean技术、Servlet技术、JSP实用组件、JSP数据库应用开发和JSP高级程序设计，并通过JSP 综合开发实例——个人博客，介绍了JSP应用的开发流程和相关技术的综合应用。

李刚（2008）在《疯狂JAVA讲义》中深入介绍了Java编程的相关知识，并且不是单纯从知识角度来讲解Java，而是从解决问题的角度来介绍Java语言，通过大量实用案例开发：五子棋游戏、梭哈游戏、仿QQ的游戏大厅等介绍了Java应用的开发流程和相关技术的综合应用。

毕设附件外文文献翻译原文及译文(3500 字)原文Study of Service Quality Management in Hotel IndustryBorkar; SameerAbstractIt is an attempt to understand the role of quality improvement process in hospitality industry and effectiveness in making it sustainable business enterprise. It is a survey of the presently adopted quality management tools which are making the hotels operations better focused and reliable and meet the customer expectations. Descriptive research design is used to know the parameters of service quality management in hospitality industry. Exploratory research design is undertaken to dig out the service quality management practices and its effectiveness. Data analysis is done and presented; hypothesis is tested against the collected data. Since the industry continuously tries to improve upon their services to meet the levels of customer satisfaction; Study presents tools for continuous improvement process and how it benefits all the stake holders. It can be inferred from the study that the hotel implement continuous improvement process and quality management tools to remain competitive in the market. The study involves hotels of highly competitive market with limited number of respondents. This limits the study to hotel industry and has scope of including other hospitality service providers as well.Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Perception, Performance Measurement, Continuous, Improvement Process.IntroductionIt has brought paradigm shifts in the operations of hospitality industry. The overall perspective of the industry is changed due to introduction of new techniques and methods of handling various processes. Awareness among the hoteliers and the guests has fuelled the inventions focused on operations. The increased sagacity of customer satisfaction led to the use of high standards of service in industry. The new service parameters made the hoteliers to implement quality management as an effective aid. It has significantly affected hotels' ability to control and adapt to changing environments. The use of new techniques began with the simple motive of sophistication and precise activities in the given field of operation which may result in high standards of service in global economy and has allowed the rise of a leisure class.Conceptual Framework This study of Service quality management in hospitality industry is an attempt to understand the presence of quality improvement process in hospitality industry and effectiveness in making it sustainable business enterprise. It is a survey of the presently adopted quality management tools which are making the hotels operations safer, focused and reliable and meet the customer expectations.As the hospitality industry becomes more competitive there is an obvious need to retain clientele as well as increasing profitability and hence management professionals strive to improve guest satisfaction and revenues. The management professionals whom are striving for these results however often have limited understanding of research surrounding the paradigms of guest satisfaction and loyalty and financial performance. This research paper shall enlighten some of the variables and important facts of service quality resulting into guest satisfaction.Review of LiteratureCustomers of hospitality often blame themselves when dissatisfied for their bad choice. Employees must be aware that dissatisfied customers may not complain and therefore the employees should seek out sources of dissatisfaction and resolve them. (Zeithaml V., 1981, p.186 -190)It is said that service quality is what differentiates hospitality sector, however there is not an agreed definition of what service quality is. There is however a few different suggestions of how to define service quality. Dividing it into technical, functional and image components; (Greenrooms C., 1982) another is that service quality is determined by its fitness for use by internal and external customers. It is accepted that service quality is depends upon guest's needs and expectations. A definition of service quality state that quality is simply conformance to specifications, which would mean that positive quality is when a product or service specific quality meet or exceed preset standards or promises. This however seems like an easy viewwithin the hospitality industry. The alternative definitions read as follows: 1) quality is excellence; 2) quality is value for money; 3) quality is meeting or exceeding expectations. This appears better aligned with ideas which exist within hospitality management than the first mentioned simplistic approach. Service quality and value is rather difficult to calculate, companies must therefore rely on guest's quality perceptions and expectations to get consistent results which is best achieved by asking guest's questions related to expectations and their perceptions of the service quality, which can effectively be achieved through carefully designed surveys.A major problem with service quality is variability and limited capability and robustness of the service production process. (Gummesson E., 1991) Hotels consumers have well-conceived ideas about service quality and quality attributes are considered important for most types of services, the absence of certain attributes may lead consumers to perceive service quality as poor. The presence of these attributes may not substantially improve the perceived quality of the service. Most customers would be willing to trade some convenience for a price break, and that the behavior, skill level and performance of service employees are key determinants of perceived quality of services. This is a major challenge in improving or maintaining a high level of service quality. (Tigineh M. et al 1992)Studies focusing on service quality management suggest that service firms spend too little effort on planning for service quality. The resultant costs of poor service quality planning lead to lower profitability as part of the service failures.(Stuart F., et al 1996)When discussing satisfaction, it is important to understand that guest's evaluation of service comprise of two basic distinct dimensions: service delivery and service outcome (Mattila, 1999). Research indicates that how the service was delivered (perceived functional quality) is more important than the outcome of the service process (technical quality). This research clearly indicates that effort by staff have a strong effect on guest's satisfaction judgments.Companies delivering services must broaden their examination of productivity to help settle conflicts – the leverage synergies – between improving service quality and boosting service productivity. ( Parasuraman A. 2002)A key activity is to conduct regularly scheduled review of progress by quality council or working group and management must establish a system to identify areas for future improvement and to track performance with respect to internal and external customers. They must also track the changing preferences of customer. Continuous improvement means not only being satisfied with doing a good job or process. It is accomplished by incorporating process measurement and team problem solving an all work activities. Organization must continuously strive for excellence by reducing complexity, variation and out of control process. Plan-D-Study-Act (PDSA) developed by Shewhart and later on modified by Deming is an effective improvement technique. First Plan carefully, then carry out plan, study the results and check whether the plan worked exactly as intended and act on results by identifying what worked as planned and what didn't work.Continuous process improvement is the objective and these phases of PDSA are the framework to achieve those objectives. (Besterfield D. et al 2003) The 'servicescape' -is a general term to describe the physical surroundings of a service environment (Reimer 2005, p. 786) such as a hotel or cruise ship. Guests are sometimes unconsciously trying to obtain as much information as possible through experiences to decrease information asymmetries This causes guests to look for quality signals or cues which would provide them with information about the service, which leads us to 'cue utilization theory'. Cue utilization theory states that products or services consist of several arrays of cues that serve as surrogate indicators of product or service quality. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic cues to help guests determine quality. Consequentially, due to the limited tangibility of services, guests are often left to accept the price of the experience and the physical appearance or environment of the hotel or cruise ship itself as quality indicators. Though there are many trade and academic papers discussing guest satisfaction has been published, one can note that limited attention has been paid to the value perception and expectations guests have towards product delivery and influence price guests pay for an experience has on satisfaction and future spending. Furthermore it is also known that the role of pricing in relation to guest determinants of perceived quality of services. This is a major challenge in improving or maintaining a high level of service quality. (Tigineh M. et al 1992) Studies focusing on service quality management suggest that service firms spend too little effort on planning for service quality.The resultant costs of poor service quality planning lead to lower profitability as part of the service failures. (Stuart F., et al 1996)When discussing satisfaction, it is important to understand that guest's evaluation of service comprise of two basic distinct dimensions: service delivery and service outcome (Mattila, 1999). Research indicates that how the service was delivered (perceived functional quality) is more important than the outcome of the service process (technical quality). This research clearly indicates that effort by staff have a strong effect on guest's satisfaction judgments. Companies delivering services must broaden their examination of productivity to help settle conflicts –the leverage synergies –between improving service quality and boosting service productivity. ( Parasuraman A. 2002)Telephonic conversation with peers and friends in hospitality industry worked a wonder giving lots of inputs in drafting this paper. Secondary data sources- For this study, data sources such as hospitality journals, Books on service quality management, organization behavior, URL on internet of various hospitality majors. Referring hospitality publications were helpful in knowing the current inventions in industry.Research Tools: Descriptive research design is used to know the attributes of service quality management in hospitality industry. Exploratory research design is undertaken to dig out the service quality management practices and its effectiveness. Data analysis is done and presented in tables. The hypothesis is tested against the collected data.Hypotheses: The hypotheses framed for the subject areHypothesis 1: Implementing service quality management as a tool for improvement in Customer Satisfaction.Hypothesis 2: Practicing Continuous Improvement program has benefited hotel. Limitation & Scope of the Study: Though there was a specific questionnaire used for collecting information, the objective of the paper was well discussed with the every contributor and whatever the information was provided by these sources is arranged for further analysis. The analysis of the available data is done on the relevance to the topic. The effectiveness of the technology in conservation of resources was always a point of consideration. The data is sifted for making it as precise as possible.Analysis and DiscussionsThere is a significant relationship between service quality management and customer satisfaction. In hospitality industry, the customer satisfaction variables such as Availability, Access, Information, Time, delivery of service, availability of personal competence, Comfortable and safer atmosphere and pollution free environment are of prime concern to every hotelier. The industry continuously tries to improve upon their services to meet the levels of customer satisfaction.The intangible nature of the service as a product means that it could be very difficult to place quantifiable terms on the features that contribute to the quality and measurement of the quality of the product is a problem for Service quality management.The customer is frequently directly involved in the delivery of the service and as such introduces an unknown and unpredictable influence on the process. The customer variability in the process makes it difficult to determine the exact requirements of the customer and what they regard as an acceptable standard of service.This problem is magnified as it is often judgmental, based on personal preferences or even mood, rather than on technical performance that can be measured. Every hotel has a target market to cater which has very specific requirement in terms of expected and perceived quality of service.The customers come with different perception of quality every time they come to hotel and this makes it quite difficult to define quality and set the level of it. It requires hotel to continuously compare their perception against customer perception in terms of satisfaction measurement with performance measurement. The study has shown that the effective tools which management of various hotels uses for continuous improvement process and how it is dissipated amongst all the stake holders.译文酒店业服务质量管理研究博卡;萨米尔摘要本文旨在研究酒店业中质量改进过程的作用以及如何有效地推动企业的可持续发展。

外文翻译1：Chapte r1Introduction1。

1 BackgroundAs computer technology develops，computer management system has gonedeep inomany differentareas。

At the same time，hotels arealso seeking anewwayofcomputermanagement，whic hcan suit their business well。

Sothat the ycanmake themanagement more centralized，responsefaster，economicefficiencyimproved and decrease the cost of running and management. However，current hotelmanagement softwareisusually developed for large hotels,w hichcosts too much andiscomplicate d for medium orsmall hotels a ndmulti—functiona l hot els。

So it seems quiteimportantto develop a management system that canwidely suit medium and small hotels。

D eveloping a hotel management system with thecomplexofcomputeran d network technology notonlycanimprove the management efficiency，butalsoincrease the e conomicefficiency, decreasethecostofrunning and management ，andrealize thesharingof resources 。

宾馆客房管理系统的设计与实现毕业设计JIU JIANG UNIVERSITY毕业论文题目宾馆客房管理系统的实现英文题目 The Realization of the Hotel RoomManagement System院系信息科学与技术学院专业计算机科学与技术姓名曾志伟班级学号 A081130指导教师殷明芳二○一二年五月信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文摘要计算机的应用普及到经济和社会生活的各个领域，使原来的旧的管理方法越来越不适应现在社会的发展。

在宾馆客房管理中，也存在着这种问题，为了提高办事效率，需要开发一套操作简单方便的管理系统。

宾馆客房管理系统属于信息管理系统，其开发主要包括后台数据库的建立和维护以及前台应用程序的开发两个方面。

对于前者要求建立数据一致性和完整性、数据安全性好的数据库。

而对于后者则要求应用程序功能完备，易使用等特点。

系统主要完成对客房住宿、信息查询的管理，其中添加、修改、删除，查询，打印信息以及用户管理等方面也是主要的。

系统的核心是添加、修改和删除三者之间的联系，每一个表的修改都将联动的影响其它的表，系统有完整的用户添加、删除、密码修改功能。

本系统是一个界面友好，操作简单，基本满足用户需求的管理系统。

关键词：宾馆客房，数据库，管理系统信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文AbstractPopularity of computer applications to economic and social life in all areas, so that their old methods of management are now more suited to the development of society. Management in the hotel rooms, there are such problems, in order to improve efficiency, need to develop a simple and convenient management system.Hotel Room Management system is an information management system, its development including the establishment and maintenance of back-end database application development and front two. For the former requires the establishment of data consistency and integrity, data security and good database. For the latter requires the application fully functional, easy to use and so on. System is mainly to complete the room information management, including add, modify, delete, query, print management, information, and six users. Core of the system is to add, modify, and delete the link between the three, each table will modify the impact of other linked tables, a complete system users to add, delete, modify the password function.The system is a user-friendly, simple, basic management systems to meet user needs.Keywords: Hotel Rooms, Database, Management Systems信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1 绪论1.1开发背景及意义 (1)1.2 论文结构 (1)2 需求分析2.1 可行性分析 (2)2.2 系统功能分析 (3)2.3 实体—联系图及数据流图 (4)2.4 系统用例图 (8)2.5 系统采用的相关技术 (9)2.6小结 (10)3 系统设计3.1 系统的功能设计 (11)3.2 系统的结构设计 (12)3.3 数据库设计 (14)信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文3.4 小结 (19)4 系统实现4.1 界面实现 (21)4.2 数据库实现 (22)4.3 功能模块实现 (23)4.4 本章小结 (35)5 系统测试与维护5.1 系统测试 (36)5.2 系统的维护 (44)5.3 小结 (44)总结 (45)致谢 (46)参考文献 (47)信息科学与技术学院学士学位论文1绪论1.1开发背景及意义随着科学技术的不断提高，计算机科学日渐成熟，其强大的功能已被人们所认识，它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。

单位代码10学号分类号TP315密级文献翻译JSP 概述院（系）名称专业名称学生姓名指导教师20 年 3 月29日英文译文JSP 概述马克约翰逊这些秘决通过使用Java2企业版 1.4标准开发包开发的。

你能在htttp:///j2ee/1.4/download-dr.html下载到这个开发包。

这个技术秘决是由马克约翰逊所写，他是elucify通信技术的老总并且是用J2EE平台2版来设计企业应用程序的作者。

马克约翰逊经营了一个关于秘决讨论的开放论坛。

JSP的开发背景及发展历史在万维网短暂的历史中，万维网已经从一个大部分显示静态信息的网络演化到对股票进行交易和进行购书操作的一个基础设施。

在各种各样的应用程序中，对于可能使用的基于Web的客户端，看上去没有任何限制。

基于浏览器客户端的应用程序比传统的基于客户机/服务器的应用程序有几个好处。

这些好处包括几乎没有限制的客户端访问和极其简化的应用程序部署和管理（要更新一个应用程序，管理人员只需要更改一个基于服务器的程序，而不是成千上万的安装在客户端的应用程序）。

这样，软件工业正迅速地向建造基于浏览器客户端的多层次应用程序迈进。

这些快速增长的精巧的基于Web的应用程序要求开发技术上的改进。

静态HTML 对于显示相对静态的内容是不错的选择；新的挑战在于创建交互的基于Web的应用程序，在这些程序中，页面的内容是基于用户的请求或者系统的状态，而不是预先定义的文字。

对于这个问题的一个早期解决方案是使用CGI-BIN接口。

开发人员编写与接口相关的单独的程序，以及基于Web的应用程序，后者通过Web服务器来调用前者。

这个方案有着严重的扩展性问题——每个新的CGI要求在服务器上新增一个进程。

如果多个用户并发地访问该程序，这些进程将消耗该Web服务器所有的可用资源，并且系统性能会降低到极其低下的地步。

某些Web服务器供应商已经尝试通过为他们的服务器提供“插件”和API来简化Web应用程序的开发。

英文翻译Development opens which along with the our country foreign economy, people's material level gradually enhances, people's spiritual life also starts to tend to richly colorful. In the family and the periphery life circle has not been able to satisfy them to the life the pursue, in order to rich cultural life and own entertainment, the people more and more tend to egress the traveling using the vacation. This enable the tourism to obtain the rapid development, also obtained the swift and violent development as the traveling service important constituent - hotel industry. But the market like battlefield, the hotel must meet this challenge, must sharpen the whole competitive ability, but must sharpen the whole competitive ability to have to transform the hotel the management pattern, must raise the management level, implements the information construction is without doubt realizes this goal way that must be taken and the unwise action. At present, our country hotel service industry information management advancement is slow, compares the management with the overseas hotel still to fall behind. In the intense hotel industry competition, how can grasp the opportunity day by day, maintains own superiority ,stands to the invincible position? This needs to provide the best service, provides the most perfect facility and the most advanced technology. A successful hotel, its operator not only must raise the service level and the grade of service, enhances guest room and customer turning head rate by this, but also must have the good working efficiency to control the cost. In the information time, more importantly also must have to have a perfect management information system, realizes the hotel management automation, the standard izationin the overall and the human nature, causes the hotel management to manage by the experience transfers the scientific management. In order to follow modernized the rhythm, satisfies the tourism the demand, the hotel management information imperative, in the guest room management, took in particular a traveling city, facing which increases day by day, comfortably provides for them, the warm lodgings environment, propagandizes the hotel by this, promotes the hotel-1-well-known ness, is the strategic target which the hotel superintendent must implement. Therefore I chose have taken my graduation project topic in view of the guest room management hotel management system management system.Now travels in the city hotel operation situation take Hangzhou as the example, separately from the star class distribution, the hiring rate two aspects briefly analyzes the current hotel industry present situation. According to the Hangzhou traveling committee statistics, to December 31, 2005, the Hangzhou urban district (including BinJiang, Xiaoshan and the Yuhang area) altogether has star class hotel203, five star classes hotel 4, four star classes 25, three star classes 66, two star classes 103, star class 5.Looked from the hiring rate that, Hang zhou four, five star classes hotel whole year the hiring rate maintains at 70% above level, five star classes whole year average hiring rate 75.24%; Four star classes whole year average hiring rate 72.05%. Pale, the busy season is obvious, five star classes hotels in March, in April, in June and in October hiring rate can achieve above 80%, in January and in December is in the off season, but the hiring rate can maintain above 60%. How four, can five star classes hotel hiring rate be such high? The most main reason is these hotel attention information management, the hotel management and computer in close integration with, carries on through the computer information management system to the hotel daily business modernized the scientific management, enhances the hotel image, the scale and the service level by this. This not only causes staff 'slabor intensity to reduce, the working efficiency increases, more over can fast dispatch the hotel various departments the work, real-time dynamic grasps the hotel the management condition, thus brings the good economic efficiency and the social efficiency for the enterprise.The management information system (Management Information System is called MIS) is an information science branch, is by the person, the computer and the database is composed can carry on the information the collection, the transmission, the storage, the processing, the maintenance and the use system. The hotel computer-2-management system is in a MIS important branch, it realizes is the computer management system in hotel concrete application.In recent years, along with our country reform and open policy development, domestic hotel service industry obtained the development which changes with each new day. The modern hotel took integrated there caption place, is a traveling city window, also may say is a small society. Take travels the profession speaking of as the pillar industry city, the hotel industry also played the pivotal role. Serves the primarily tourism as one kind, the various countries profession value degree certainly is not inferior to other industries regarding this.Hotel in its operation period, the service level height, directly affects the hotel image and the prestige, for example: The service arrangement, dispatches whether thoroughly; Whether visitor's request can be rapid, obtains well satisfies; The market forecast an alyzes quickly, is whether accurate and so on. This core is to every day the massive information (visitor, expense, room and so on) correct processing and preservation. Uses the computer this modernization tool to take the management the auxiliary method is must. The computer application including OA (office automation), MIS (management information system), CAD (computer-aided design) and so on, the hotel computer system is precisely the typical MIS application. This hotel management information system, is aims at, the business management which the hotel the concrete service develops take the hotel guest room management as a core, provides, the highly effective service rapidly for the user, reduces manual processing tediously with the error, is prompt, accurately reflects the hotel the working condition, the operating condition, thus enhances the hotel the grade of service, and the coordinate modernization hotel management, obtains the better economic efficiency. Speaking of the economic efficiency, the hotel computer application is: (1) is indirect: Its economic efficiency is not directly produces, is through, may stop up many loopholes which to the manpower, the physical resource saves brings. (2) long term: The computer investment is bigger, is gradually obtains the repayment in the long-term application. (3) social efficiency: The hotel is a high level service industry,-3-uses the computer to be possible to improve the grade of service, has the good social image.The overseas hotel management system management system most early is develops to the beginning of the age, to 80's, overseas hotel management system management system, like EECO (Electronic Engineering CO.) HIS (Hotel Information System), CLS, Lodgistix and so on, the entire pattern has basically finalized, technology maturer, the function is also more complete. Now, the overseas hotel is developing to the individuality direction, the hotel according to its management way may divide into commerce hotel, long living hotel, vacation hotel and so on; May divide into the independent management hotel, the group according to its management form manages the hotel and so on. More over has produced large quantities of international levels hotel, like Hylton (Hilton Hotels Corp), Sheraton (Sheraton Corp)triumphantly, the holiday (Holiday Corp), is pleased (Hyatt Hotel Corp) and so on the group company's world hotel.The domestic hotel computer management system most early is starts in the beginning of the 80's, is engaged in Professor Jin Guo fen, Xi'an Jiao tong University and Zhejiang Province institute of computer technology which this aspect works has Tsinghua University automation department. To the 80's in the later period, along with the overseas hotel computer system and the advanced management technology large-scale introduction, further promoted our country hotel management technology development. The domestic hotel management system management system is precisely in the full absorption overseas management system management system essence, in the union domestic actual situation gradually develops maturely, has formed several maturer software systems to the 90's initial period, simultaneously had many specialties to be engaged in the hotel computer management system the company. Quite influential has in the Hangzhou Western Europe Foxhis hotel management system management system, Beijing the soft good peaceful CSHIS management system management system, north the national capital meter hotel-4-management system management system and the Guangzhou ten thousand rapid splendid steeds hotel management system management system.To the 90's intermediate stages, along with the computer in hotel popularization application, as well as the computer technology unceasing development, a hotel computer system development new time, the new system platform, the new software function, the new system characteristic and the development direction unceasingly emerged.The 1980s, the reform and open policy flood tide is attacking the motherland. Along with Chinese foreign window opening, comes the Chinese traveling, to do business, the investment, the official business foreign friend grows day by day, China's hotel industry for adapts this new change, changes the sole state-owned economy form for the diversified economies form. The chinese-foreign joint venture hotel (hereafter refers to as joint capital hotel) is one of main forms.The chinese-foreign joint venture management hotel, beyond the border the investor pours into the new fund to the hotel, the purchase international standard facility equipment, has introduced the international hotel industry advanced management science, has attacked the Chinese old hotel management management pattern, the hotel industry has brought the fresh vigor for China. In the specific historical environment, the chinese-foreign joint venture management hotel, "software" (namely management and service) the difference condition got up the indelible positive role regarding the Chinese hotel industry change. Just like emancipates the mind not to be able to do the indiscriminate westernization to be same, the international hotel industry modernization managerial experience is not performs overall to imitate can do one’s better. Along with date and time passing, originally covered to pools capital the successful under insufficiency gradually to be revealed. Said regarding the modernized advanced management science that, must bloom the bright flower on Chinese this soil, its process can be similar to the introduction fund and equipment such in no way" gets quick results". But said regarding China's hotel industry, the needs to have an absorption, the digestion-5-"develops the good and discard the bad" the process. In brief, is the chinese-foreign joint venture hotel management must have the Chinese characteristic. This is the unique environment decision which locates by the hotel industry management characteristic and the joint capital hotel.The hotel sale mainly is not a material object, but is the invisible product - service, namely the service personnel completes some work or the duty behavior for the passenger. This is one kind "serves the form existence consumable" ("Marx the Engels Complete works" 26th volume I,160th page) the service person relies on "helps sells" the material object, gives the consumer in on in physiological, the sense organ and psychological satisfying with is comfortable. Serves this kind of consumable is cannot be stored, the disposable expense special product, in addition its invisible characteristic, thus has caused the difficulty which sells, the hotel carries on with difficulty the product the mathematical quantification the description. The hotel sufficiently attracts the passenger to visit the expense is not its visible property, but is the intangible asset - hotel good public image and the social prestige. The sales promotion serves this kind of immaterial product salesman is the hotel service person, the creation good image and the prestige this kind of intangible asset main body also is the service person, traveler expends the service the process also is the service person produces serves and sells the service at the same time, the service person is shouldering the service and the sales promotion dual function.The joint capital hotel are many for the suitable scale touches on foreign affairs the star class hotel, take beyond the border traveler as main reception object. Beyond the border traveler mostly comes from to the tourism developed country, there traveling standard is high, they to our country tourist facility, specially to serve, all weighs it by the international standard. The hotel management finally all must carry out the grade of service to come up. Joint capital hotel, no matter pools capital concrete form how, no matter the scale size, the general first lines service person generally speaking all is the Chinese citizens. Suspends in front of the joint capital hotel superintendent's duty, how carries on the manpower management under the new-6-situation, how arouses the staff enthusiasm, how optimizes service person's working conditions and the psychological environment, enables it to deliver the high quality service product. Said regarding the outside superintendent and Chinese superintendents, the question proposed the angle different.The joint capital hotel in present stage China, its management pattern mostly is by the outside primarily under, the implementation board of directors leads general manager responsibility system this kind of straight line management pattern. Each kind of position presses the vertical system establishment in this kind of management pattern, hotel general manager, the main department until the complete department's regular duty superintendents basically holds the post by the outside, Chinese superintendent are many no matter what deputy. Hotel overall situation (various departments also so) the direction and the management function basically undertakes by general manager, about the hotel complies with the single command. The outside emphasized the hotel management the standardization, the sequencing, emphasize superintendent's duty, the responsibility, the power three unifications. This kind of pattern has everywhere manifested west "the government by law" management thought Serious and the scientific nature. In the joint capital initial period, the management backwardness which the system brings facing long-term "the mess", the attitude is lax, this kind "cuts the go rdian knot" the management pattern is effective quickly, caused the hotel to change the mental outlook, has obtained the economic efficiency. But, crossed soon, this all at once procedure if said it causes the staff which has the complex point of view to adapt with difficulty, was inferior to said it could not adapt China's national condition. In at present social economy still in not the developed history cultural context, the social phenomenon which the west imagined with difficulty actually was objectively exists in China, it take people's wish as the shift, was affecting the hotel management and the management. Therefore, the joint capital hotel summons both to have the scientific nature and to suit the Chinese national condition the management pattern. China's hotel management must enter the-7-international advanced level ranks, must have to have the bright Chinese characteristic.The service production and the sales promotion main force certainly is the young service person, how correctly understands them, transfers their work enthusiasm and the creativity, this is the hotel management crucial question, namely manpower management. At the beginning of the reform and open policy, the opening young people felt "the secured job" it "the iron" meant loses "the gold". They in order to pursue each kind of happy second level of goal, flushed the joint capital hotel income high first level of goal to come. In the joint capital hotel has the outside superintendent thought that, "Under the generous recompense must have the brave husband", so long as with the bonus, the high salary and fines this kind "the big stick adds the carrot" the policy, so long as had the human nature supposition X theory on sufficiently to manage the good joint capital hotel the human resources. Has never realized, "the generous recompense" under everywhere has "the brave husband" by no means, has "the brave husband" at times, the theory only is only then has its validity in the specific space and time. The time tidal current no doubt enable the young staff to have the demand which the high-quality matter enjoys, but the low level demand quite is after all easy to obtain satisfies. After the low level demand meets the public relations need, the respect demand, the self-realization demand which produces (horse Edgar Snow "human basic need level" theory) the pursue, is they completes the service work the powerful power. These high levels demands Satisfies receive the time the influence, also inevitably is bringing the China traditional culture profound trace. The new tidal current and the old tradition mutually interweave to the young staff's influence, also has positively, also has negatively. Also needs to have to the young staff's effective management and the effective drive develops Positive, the suppression, the elimination Positive Chinese characteristic.Joint capital hotel outside superintendent, process practice, also knew its joint capital hotel China melts the importance, explores the way which its China melts. For several years, as a result of our country and other some developing nations and the-8-hotel industry developed country joint capital hotel sharp increase, the outside sent out the massive administrative personnel, the person which including regarding to be far away the familiar life and the working conditions for a long time come China to work extremely are glad by no means. Moreover sends out the person have been many, the outside hotel management group also has too many problems to tackle, the talented person short worry. In this kind of situation, they hoped China administrative personnel can its be advanced, the science management learns the hand, can hold the post of the main duty, divides selects the group in the Chinese joint capital hotel shoulder pole. After Chinese and foreign both sides superintendents' endeavor, also indeed had many China administrative personnel already to substitute for the outside personnel to carry on manages. These Chinese superintendents unify the Chinese national condition, with learns the hand advanced management technology to carry on the management; Perhaps the attempt handles matters according to the veteran, puts on the new shoes to walk the old route; Perhaps Cannot learn the west, copies mechanically and applies slavishly. This has the significant practical significance to the joint capital hotel management Chinese characteristic.Thus, in the joint capital hotel manpower management question, is interweaving the outside superintendent and Chinese service people, the outside superintendent and Chinese superintendent, Chinese superintendent and Chinese service person, the hotel and the society mutually between synthesis wrong relations.Using the labor aspect, the initial period joint capital hotel aims at "the mess" the system, in view of the management administration and the service boarding house, by "the hard face, the hard skill, the hard feelings" copes with "the secured job, the hard wages, the iron armchair". Once the staff offends the rules and regulations discipline, the outside superintendent advocated strictly carries out the system, from each kind of weight fine, punishes removes a name, "cuts" the blood drippings. Once, the aspect started to have the change, boss has fired the staff "the squid" to evolve the staff fired boss "the squid" the retaliation. Because, along with the reform deepening, the competition has also given in the colleague industry and the society other professions-9-has provided the equal opportunity, has also provided the equal opportunity for the service person. The two-way job choice result is some person of quilts "digs" walks, strongly shoulders the person which the quick rhythm the work enable to be too tied to do that more , the administrative personnel excessive authority consciousness and the improper management way expels some people. The joint capital hotel staff's basic troop constituted has had the change. Because skilled service person's draining, the hotel can not but let the novice which only passes through not regularly trains go against the post, they with difficulty effectively guaranteed to the grade of service. The staff fluidity is not greatly perfect with the work legal system, the social welfare system waits for the consummation, between the colleague industry lacks the information exchange related department. For example, the hotel and service person's work contract lacks the true restriction strength. Also like the service person which has them is deeds in a hotel, another did not know the details also hired. This kind of social objective reality, is not pools capital the hotel to be allowed to change, also is not may for a while the radical change. The joint capital hotel must base the present situation, seeks the stable service person troop the brilliant plan.-10-。

原文In today's world competition is the talent competition, high-quality human capital is the hotel industry continued to be healthy and stable development of the fundamental guarantee. With the hotel employees in the quality of ideas and sense ofself-development and growing the concept of democracy, the hotel that thepeople-oriented service sector in terms of human resource management staff revealed low awareness of service with low staff turnover rate increased the title and so on. This paper analyzes the status quo, therefore, material incentives, moral incentives, as well as the incentive system and a combination of four-star hotel human resources management of the actual situation of the modern hotel management incentive mechanism has done a preliminary study. In addition, some hotels in human capital development to improve the human capital level of the hotel's strategy and measures.Chapter 1 Analysis of the hotel industryHotel industry, in the final analysis is the talent competition. Management of the core issue is the question. In hotel management in the use of human resources management to obtain a competitive advantage more and more cases.Case: newspapers and magazines continue to publish articles reporting the adverse conditions of the service sector, front-line staff error continuously, the attitude of the poor is ignored customers home. Lack of skilled staff, in the face of the high rate of loss of the services sector is suffering to those who come into contact with customers to inject new vitality enterprises. Analysis showed that: when a person was a high degree of motivation, he will take the initiative to work hard to provide the customers with the best possible service; and have not been inspired, he will save energy as much as possible. The primary task of modern managers is to kindle the enthusiasm of staff working inside the fire, to drive the staff work to show the outstanding organizations in order to achieve the best performance expectations. In the enterprise has been an excellent leader in recognition of this point, only the "people-oriented" corporate governance can be in today's fierce competition for survival, development, and prosperity. Management is an art, staff motivation is the art of art, the soul of the enterprise employees. Staff to design effective incentive mechanism to increase the enthusiasm of the staff. So that it can be in various different corporate culture and organizational structure of the enterprise environment to play their maximum potential in order to achieve the expectations of the target organizations. Let us first of all, let me incentive divided into three categories: material incentives, moral incentives and the design of incentive mechanisms, through these three types of analysis and understanding, so that we understand the role of incentive mechanism and significance of the enterprise so as to establish an effective incentive system. We are encouraged by the following methods to fall into two categories: material and spiritual encouragement and incentives; incentives of thesemethods of understanding and knowledge in order to let us realize that the role of incentives.Chapter 2 material incentivesMaterial incentives is the way to the adoption of incentives to encourage trade union work.Its main manifestations of positive incentives, such as wages, bonuses, allowances, benefits, etc.; negative incentives such as fines. Material needs is the first of human needs, is engaged in social activities of all the basic motive, therefore, the material incentives to encourage the main mode is the internal use of Chinese enterprises are very common mode of an incentive.Excitation method is 2.1Hotel reward is the good organization of the behavior of employees or work performance and in recognition of the positive. Incentives as a means of staff motivation, incentives designed to induce employees by their exemplary acts to maintain and carry forward and set an example for all staff, for staff morale Fen play a positive role in promoting. Make good use of this means we must pay attention to the following: (a) awards to be timely, and an incentive to innovation. (B) the attention of other employees of the psychological. Constantly set new goals, to play down the past focus on the future, to establish a correct view of the fair. (C). Emphasis on incentive groups, activities in a modern hotel in the achievement of organizational goals, personal dignity and achievements, both need to go through the joint efforts of groups can be achieved, the emphasis on incentive groups, is conducive to the formation of a unified staff the ideological understanding, and enhance the cohesion of staff to enhance their competitiveness.2.2 negative excitation methodPunishment is a negative incentive is a modern hotel staff in order to correct the bad behavior, and to obtain a compulsory measure. Applied correctly, can be made to the wrong acts of a very good deterrent. However, employees must not be punished mainly as a supplementary means only, otherwise it will backfire. In the use of the means to pay attention to the following points: (a) those that can not teach and to punish. Give education top priority should be on the incorrigible or those who have serious consequences for the implementation of punishment, and punishment can not be hosted attention. (B) select a reasonable and effective punishment, and the scope can not be too large, but not a total negation of the attention to small or large, the psychological harm to employees. (C) will be a matter of principle to the combination of flexibility and principles, adhered to more stringent enforcement. In strictaccordance with the provisions of the system under the premise of a certain degree of flexibility is absolutely necessary, so in a reasonable incentive to be strict, strict fair, a large number so as to achieve the purpose of education, although, material incentives is not a panacea, but we have to reasonable use of material incentives that adouble-edged sword. For example: in the Jeju Island Group has a management program such that when the staff came to the company the first day of work, the company will staff the case of some families, such as economic conditions in a multifaceted understanding of the understanding on the establishment of a staff personal data, in the day-to-day work of the staff analysis of data, work in the future, managers will be on the previous analysis of the implementation of effective employee incentive program. Comprehensive understanding of the needs of employees and the quality of work is good or bad, according to the situation of constant incentive to develop accurate, thereby mobilizing the hotel staff to achieve each and every performance should be.Inspire the spirit of Chapter 3Management experts point out that Pitt had "side-effects will be rewarded, because of the high prize money would blockade the news to each other and affect the normal development, the social atmosphere will be errors." Enterprise alone, therefore the material may not be able to play the role of incentives, so they have another incentive - the spirit of encouragement. On this incentive, I roughly divided into the following categories: goals motivation and participation in competitive incentives and other incentives.译文：当今世界竞争是人才的竞争，高素质的人力资本是酒店业得以健康持续稳定发展的根本保证。

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Hotel Management System Integration Services1.IntroductionIt is generally accepted that the role of the web services in businesses is undoubtedly important. More and more commercial software systems extend their capability and power by using web services technology. Today the e-commerce is not merely using internet to transfer business data or supporting people to interact with dynamic web page, but are fundamentally changed by web services. The World Wide Web Consortium's Xtensible Markup Language (XML) and the Xtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) are standards defined in the interest of multi-purpose publishing and content reuse and are increasingly being deployed in the construction of web services. Since XML is looked as the canonical message format, it could tie together thousands of systems programmed by hundreds of programming languages. Any program can be mapped into web service, while any web service can also be mapped into program. In this paper, we present a next generation commercial system in hotel industry that fully integrates the hotel Front Office system, Property Management System, Customer Relationship Management System, Quality Management system, Back Office system and Central Reservations System distributed in different locations. And we found thatthis system greatly improves both the hotel customer and hotel officer’s experiences in the hotel business work flow. Because current technologies are quite mature, it seems no difficulty to integrate the existing system and the new coming systems (for example, web-based applications or mobile applications). However, currently in hotel industry there are few truly integrated systems used because there are so many heterogeneous systems already exist and scalability, maintenance, price, security issues then become huge to be overcome. From our study on Group Hotel Integration Reservation System (GHIRS), there are still challenges to integrate Enterprise Information System (EIS), Enterprise Information Portal system (EIP), Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) and Supply Chain Management system (SCM) together because of standardization, security and scalability problems, although GHIRS is one of few integration solutions to add or expand hotel software system in any size of hotel chains environment.We developed this system to integrate the business flow of hotel management by using web services and software integration technologies. In this paper, firstly we describe a scenario of hotel reservation and discuss the interaction between GHIRS and human. Secondly we analyze details of design and implementation of this system. The result and implications of the studies on the development of GHIRS are shown in the later part. Finally we discuss some problems still need to be improved and possible future directions of development.2. Hotel Reservation: A Business Case StudyOur initial thinking to develop GHIRS is to minimize the human interaction with the system. Since GHIRS is flexible and automated, it offers clear benefits for both hotel customers and hotel staff, especially for group hotel customers and group hotel companies. Group hotel companies usually have lots of hotels, restaurants, resorts, theme parks or casinos in different locations. For example, Shangri-La group has hundreds of hotels in different countries all over the world. These groups have certain customers who prefer to consume in hotels belong to the same group because they aremembership of the group and can have individual services.The first step of a scenario of hotel reservation is that the consumer plans and looks for a hotel according the location, price or whatever his criteria and then decides the hotel. Then he makes a reservation by telephone, fax, internet, or mail, or just through his travel agent. When hotel staff receives the request, they first look if they can provide available services. If there is enough resource in the hotel, they prepare the room, catering and transportation for the request and send back acknowledgement. At last the guest arrives and checks in. The business flow is quite simple; however, to accomplish all these tasks is burdensome for both the consumer side and the hotel side without an efficient and integrated hotel management system.Telephone may be a good way to make a reservation because it is beyond the limit of time and space. Guests can call hotels at any time and any place. However, it costs much when the hotel is far away from the city where guest lives; especially the hotel locates in a different country. Moreover, if there is a group of four or five people to make reservation together, it would take a long time for hotel staff to record all the information they need. Making reservation by travel agent saves consumers’ time and cost, but there is still millions of work for agent to do. They gather the requirements from consumers, then distribute to proper destination hotels. Because these hotels don’t use a same system (these thousands of hotels may use hundreds of ma nagement systems), someone, agent or hotel staff, must face the problem how to handle information from different sources with different hotel management systems to different destinations.Web service becomes the tool to solve these problems. Our web services integrate the web server and hotel management system together, and everyone gets benefit. Booking a room easily anywhere and anytime becomes possible by using GHIRS. Consumer browses websites and finds hotel using his PC, PDA or mobile phone (WAP supported), after his identity is accepted, he can book a reservation. Two minutes later he can get the acknowledgement from the hotel by mobile phone text message or multimedia message, or email sent to his email account or just acknowledgement on the dyn amic web page, if he hasn’t leave the website. Theresponse time may take a little longer because when the hotel receives the quest, in some circumstance, hotel staff should check if there is clean and vacant room left. The web service is a standard interface that all travel agents can handle, gather and distribute the reservation information easily through internet. When the reservation request is acknowledged, hotel staff prepares the room, catering, and transportation for guests. Since the information already stored in the database, every part in the hotel chains can share it and work together properly. For example, staff in front office and housekeeping department can prepare room for guests according to the data, staff in back office can stock material for catering purpose and hotel manager can check business report in Enterprise Information Portal integrated with GHIRS by his browser. Then room rent-ratio reports, room status reports, daily income reports and other real time business reports are generated. Managers of the group can access any report of any hotel by the system. In the later part of this paper, we will show how consumers, agents, and hotel staff can efficiently work together by GHIRS.GHIRS is scalable for small-to-large hotel chains and management companies, especially good for hotel group. It truly soars with seamless connectivity to global distribution systems thereby offering worldwide reservation access. It also delivers real-time, on line reservations via the Internet.3. Integration of Hotel Management System3.1 Existed SystemGHIRS is developed on the base of an existed hotel management system called FoxhisTM. FoxhisTM shares the largest part of software market in hotel industry in China. FoxhisTM version 5 has distributed Client/Server architecture that the server runs SCO-UNIX and client runs Microsoft Windows and it use Sybase database on UNIX. The system includes Front Office system, Property Management system, Quality Management system, Human Resource Management system, Enterprise Information Portal system (EIP), Customer Relationship Management system (CRM) and Supply Chain Management system (SCM).This system is largely based on intranet environment. Most of the work is done in a single hotel by the hotel staff. It’s no customer self-service. If a consumer wants to book a room, hotel staff in local hotel must help the guest to record his request, although FoxhisTM system already done lots of automatic job.When the systems are deployed in different hotels that are parts of a group, sharing data becomes a problem. Just as an example, if the group has ten hotels, there would be at least ten local databases to store the consumers’ data. Because hotels need real time respond of the system, so these ten hotels can’t deploy a central database that does not locate in the same local network. Thus one guest may have different records in different hotels and the information cannot be shared. By web services as an interface, these data can be exchanged easily.3.2 DesignRecall that our initial thinking to deploy GHIRS is to save hotel staff, travel agents and consumers’labor work the system is to link all the taches of hotel business chains. Figure1 shows how consumers, agents, hotel staff cooperate together efficiently with the system.Consumers could be divided into two categories. One is member of hotel group, who holds different classes of memberships and gains benefits like discount or special offers. These consumers usually contribute a large part of the hote l’s profit then are looked as VIP. The hotel keeps their profiles, preferences and membership account status. The other category is common guest. All these two kinds of guests and travel agents who may trade with many other hotels face the web-based interface that let them to make a reservation. For common guest, the system just requires him to input reservation information such as guest name, contact information, arrival and departure the system. The central processing server then distributes the information to appropriate hotel. Since web services technology is so good for submitting documents to long running business process flows, hotel staff could easily handle this data in and out of database management system and application server. As the membership ofhotel, a user just inputs his member id and password, room information, arrival and departure date, then finish the request. Because hotels keep members’ profile, and systems exchange profile across all hotels of the group by web services, hotel staff in different hotels could know the guest’s individual requirement and provide better services.The agents work for consumers get benefits from GHIRS as well. They may also keep the consumers’ profile and the web services interface is open to them, it is e asy to bridge their system to hotel management system. Before GHIRS is deployed, the agents should separate and process the reservation data and distribute them to different hotels, which is an onerous job. But now the agents could just press one button and all the hotel reservation is sent to destination.Hotel staff receives all request from different sources. Some policies are applied to response the request. For example, some very important guest’s request is passed automatically without confirmation, the guest could get acknowledgement in very short time. The request triggers all chains of the hotel business flow and all the preparation work is done before his arrival. But for the common customer, hotel staff would check on the anticipate date if there is vacant and clean rooms available. Because all the FoxhisTM components are integrated together, staff users needn’t change computer interface to check he room status. If it is a valid request with enough guests’ information and there is enough room left, a confirmation is sent back. If there is not enough vacant room, hotel staff will ask if guest would like to wait a time or transfer to other hotels in the hotel group or alliance hotels. In order to transfer guest’s request, data flows from local database to the central server through local web server, then it is passed to another hotels database by web services interface.3.3 ImplementationToday there are lots of platforms that could provide capabilities to integrate different system and offer other features such as security and work load balancing. The two main commercial products are Java2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) and. They offer pretty much the same laundry of list of features, albeit in different ways. We choose .NET platform as our programming environment, however, here we don’t advocate which platform is better or not. Our target is to integrate these decentralized and distributed systems together. In fact, both of these platforms support XML and SOAP to accomplish our task.We use Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) as web server and Sybase database server. The firewalls separate the local networks from the public networks. This is very important from the security point of view. Each hotel of the group has a database server, an application server and a web server to deploy this multi-tier system that includes the user interface presentation tier, business presentation tier, business logical tier, and the data access tier. C# is adopted as the programming language for the core executable part. XML is the data exchange standard format.酒店管理系统集成服务1.简介人们普遍认为，网络服务角色在企业中无疑是重要的。

（学校代码： XXX 学号：XXX本科毕业外文文献翻译学生姓名：X X X学院：信息工程学院系别：计算机系专业：软件工程班级：软件06指导教师：X X X讲师二○一○年六月To connect SQL Server databaseFirst we introduce the basic knowledge of the database, be regarded as the warm-up exercise that study database weave distance front!1.warm-up exerciseNeeding first avowal is relation database that database knowledge that we here introduce all point. The so-called relation database is to mean data as that the form gather, passing to establish simple form an a kind of database for of relation to defining construction.I ignore the watch at how saving way in physics in the document in database is, it can see to make an a line for with row, with electronics form is similar with the row. In relation database, the line were called the record, but the row then is called word segment.This form inside each an all in formations for is a record, it including particular customer, but each record then included the same type with the word segment of the quantity: Customer's number, name etc.Form is logic set that a kind of related information that press a line of arranging with row, similar in single form in work.Each row of the word a database form inside calls a word segment. Watch is from every kind of word a definition of its containment of, each word a data for describing its implying. While creating to set up a database, the beard assign for each word segment a the piece belongs to the sex with the other according to the type, biggest length. The word segment can include every kind of word sign, arithmetic figure even sketch.An information of relevant customer deposits in the line of the form, is called record. By any large, arbitrarily two records for database form to create set up can't be same.Key be a certain word segment( or several words segment) of the form inside, it() for fast inspect but drive index. The key can be unique, and also can then the right and wrong is unique, being decided by it() whether admission repetition. Unique key can specify for main key, using each one that come to unique marking form.The norm turns the database design of mission be method that the data of buildup, but the data of buildup, should can dissolve otiose repetition, and for have the necessary information offering to check to seek the path quickly. For attaining this kind of target but separate information to the process gone to in every kind of independent form, be called the norm turn.It is complicated process to use many appointed rules to proceed the norm with the type of the different Class that norm turn. That process studies and discuss already beyond the reach of textual scope. But, the norm of the simple database in majority turn and can use the simple experience in underneath rule completes: include the form of the information of repetition must be divided into independent a few forms dissolve repetition.If we have chosen to learn 12 curricular 1000 students, the each curricular elucidation will show with the teacher 100 many- to choose that curricular and eachstudent repeat once. To avoid this kind of low efficiency, should to turn the dichotomous and independent form in form to the norm,an is used to mean the student, the another uses mean the course.Now the form was turned by the norm, so, to changes the particular and curricular course describe or" data", as long as change a record all right.Is a basic knowledge concerning database above, this is what study database plait distance must. Although the database technique is used as a course, its depth is not this space and can describe with the wide degree of, be used as the primer with simple database plait the distance should be all right already.Like, underneath we can start practicing. We usually meet the database system is to registers the system, ignoring you are in the unit, or attend what buildup, the register is to cans not help of, and it of the construction is more simple, we take a register system as an example. The analysis is once a data for involving.2. understanding the elementsFor the register, want the on the trail of information include:name 、sex、native place、age、date of birth、unit、address、postal service codes、telephone、FAX. Certainly, can create to set up a form in brief, make above each piece according to item to should a word segment.Need to point the form the main key in parties now, in order to unique marking each a record, increase register number conduct and actions unique key respectively in register form, guarantee a two records like this all different.To the database after making an above analysis, we can start establishing the database.3.set up the firm in campHere we study to establish the database how, needing to make sure the type that to establish the database first. Pass in Visual Basic the data interview control piece or data interview object ( DAO) can visit the following database:1)The database of JET, namely Microsoft Access2)The database of ISAM, such as: DBase, etc. of FoxPro3)The database of ODBC, every follow the standard of ODBC customer/ server database. Such as: Microsoft SQL Server, OracleBy any large, if develop the personal small scaled database system, use Access database comparison accommodation, to develop the big and medium-sized database system uses the database of ODBC fester. But dBase with the database of FoxPro because of already dated, unless special circumstance, do not use otherwise. In our example, chose to use the database of Access certainly. Establish the database of Access contain two kinds of methods: While establishing the database in Microsoft Access. Click" new set up" button can establish the new form. Here we main introduction the second method: The usage can see to turn the data management machine, do not need to weave the distance and then can create to set up the database. Can see to turn the data management machine is the applied procedure of a great use, it is a VB business enterprise version is supplementary with the profession version, in the catalogue\..\ Devastation\ vb\ samples\ the Visdata is next, its interface is as follows the diagram.Click the menu" document" item is next" new set up" son item" Microsoft ACCESS" son item of" edition 7.0 MDB" item. Input the new setting upthe name of the database in flick window way open" register", appear the underneath show the window way:Want the born and new form, the single shot in right key database window way flicks the menu open, then the choice" new form" ordinaries, establishing in" watch construction" dialog box appeared later on a word for wanting segment. The every time faces to join in the form new word segment, single shot" increment word segment" button, will appear of" increment word segment" dialog box."Increment word a type for" options in the dialog box, according to word segment. In our the register database that establish, the type of the each word segment.Want to notice of is, because the word segment registers the number be used unique marking record of, therefore, it can't be inputted by customer. So while defining the word's segment need to be defined for Long data type, the " automatic born word segment" item is valid, and picks out this item. Be the customer like this to input to record with other the different value every input a new record, system would on the word's segment automatically.In ACCESS database, the key word realizes with the index of, conduct and actions plait distance personnel at gather to weave the distance to the record of the form type, needs to adjust to use index. While searching, the technique of Rushmore uses the index information the excellent turning the search automatically. After completing the form definition, click" increment index" button, flick such aspen figure 5 show the window way.In window way the right side contain three optioned, its meaning, such as table,12.Increase the index dialog box options.After completing such as figure 6.Certainly, the academic association database establishes too not a dynasty the business of the one night, the reader no harm much practices once.Visit databases design and the development of the application procedures of MS Visual Basics of the databases of the SQL Server. When design a system, the customer still needs to comprehend to use to come to visit the plait distance of ask the data of SQL Server to connect. The origin was detailed to elaborate that the usage open type database conjunction (the Open Database Connectivity, ODBC) adjusts to connect the objects to connect with the class, still having the data interviews object (the Data Access Objects, the DAO) and the long-range data objects.Design and weave to write large and complicated and applied procedure's database design for the software developer is a challenge, need to choose to weave the distance language and tools, do an accommodation for the SQL Server, choose the calculate way and the data structures, still need to design the sketch customer interface and the application procedures to connect. The decision within the most important software design is applied fixed position of the procedure. In other words, design must specify the system of which parts are data, business rule, and the data entrance procedure and used for circulating the code of other part. The MS Visual Basic supports the plait distance that some databases manage the systems connect, especially SQL Server. Adjust to connect to include the ODBC and DB-Libraries to connect the, object to connect to include the data interview object (DAO), long range data object (the RDO), the OLE DB and the ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) with the class, the SQL that returns the capable SQL Server to manage the mission distributes to manage the object (the SQL Distributed management Objects, SQL-DMO) toconnect. Connect the oculars right choice can improve the whole function of system and the development speed biggest. Design the large data warehouse system needs to choose the applied model properly. Traditional customer/ service's model depends on to join in the center layer but get the improvement to become three layer models. These three layers divide the line system as three parts: each layer is responsible for providing the service:(1) Data service( the Data Service) contain the maintenance data and the operation date such as the increment, modification, deletion and backups. These services maintenance data relation and contact, support backup and instauration operation. Usually the data service is managed the system usage by the database.(2) business service( the Business Service) is handled the logic by the business rule and data to constitute, such as the data legitimacy rule, the business processing support and the record backup logics. The main purpose of these services provides the data maintenance toward the application procedure Logic.(3) expression service( the Presentation Service)( or the customer service) support customer interface, control the customer data to input to express with data.(Output) Notice in customer/ service's technical term, sometimes express the service definition as customer's machine (or head), the data service definition for server (or after carry), but the business service is in the center the layer (the middle layer). But important comprehend any two layers .The data service business service expresses the logic support GUI that the service maintenance database business rule and the processing data need, data importation and manifestation the correspondences can think to carry on between customer's machine and servers. For example, in the center the layer can think is a head.Server The physics realization of the system can carry on through many different paths. The underneath wills discuss three layer logic models three kinds of to carry out the method:1.Fat customer machine realizationMany layer (the multi tier) realizations of fat customer the machine realization three layer models of a kind of carry out the options is in the customer's on board movement business and expression services. This probably writes the most common path in the Visual Basic application procedure for the SQL Server. This kind of carries out the physics up only two layers:The server provides the data service only, this kind of method contain 2:00 shortage. First, was the applied procedure to compute the on board increment at the customer, customer's calculators need to be stronger, this will increase the system expense, because the system usually takes several customer's machines. When the system takes to have the number with thousand million of customer's machine, this kind of method will become too expensive. Another 1:00 shortage is a possible increment maintenance expenses. Move to the change of legitimacy logic and the business rule of the system and will cause upgrade customer's machine procedure each time. If the system contain customer's machine of the equal quantity, this is a problem. The biggest advantage of the machine realization in fat customer is to reduce the network discharge, if the legitimacy and the business rules need not be decide bythe database. Under this kind of circumstance, only pass the data of the legitimacy logic and can spread toward server. Be the example of the importation data legitimacy, suppose the reader to have a small form (for example national form of name) to put in customer's machine. If the data entrance mold piece checks the native watch but is not a more national name in main database, then will reduce the network discharge obviously. Another an important use is in the development process of the system. If the head developer was limited to the interview carry behind, for example, can't pass the data in the database to verify to input the legitimacy, so, this kind of method can make it right processing data.2. Thin customer machine realizationIn thin customer the machine realization, business the service locates the server, the business logic usually expresses for saving process.The Server, the saving process usages T-The SQL plait write. This kind of realization is like fat customer's machine to carry out the similar physics up only two layers.The advantage of this kind of method is to reduce the system expense, because thin customer's machine needs the less system resources, this have very important many systems of customer's machines to take. And, support the expenses to also compare the fat customer the machine system is a little less, because the code carries the concentrated control in the server.If the business rule is depend on in the data of the database, thin customer the machine realization reduces the network discharge. The main shortage of this kind of method is a saving process to lack the vivid. The Visual Basic provide stronger than the T-SQL the plait distance ability that have to have another. Notice three the thin customer of the layer model the machine physics realization sometimes is called the fat server (the fat Server) model to confuse with thin customer's machine/ server calculation model by avoid, the latter points a kind of thin customer the machine hardware equipments and techniques are for example the Citric.3. Many layer realizationMost in brief many layer realizations are three layer realizations, many possible three a kinds of the layer model physics realizations. In this kind of realization, Link the SQL Server usage data service business to serve the " thin" customer of the machine expression service data service business service of fat customer from the Visual Basic the machine expression service data business the service be an alone the progress circulate. That progress can install for serve in the data same set server of the place or at another one server of the dissimilarity. The key characteristics of this kind of realization is the data service, business to serve the different from expression serve to can do for separation of progress movement in calculator. Three layer realizations.连接SQL Server数据库我们先介绍一下数据库的基本知识，算是学习数据库编程前的热身运动吧！1. 热身运动首先需要声明是，我们这里介绍的数据库知识都是指的关系数据库。

外文文献原稿和译文原稿The Design and Development of the hotel management system Along with economical development in our country, people’s life level has been improving, holiday economy and tour economy have been become hot point of people’s consumption. All the country also regards the tourism as one of the most important stanchion of developing local economy, which promoted the fast development of the hotels and cabaret industry thus. Meanwhile, along with the more and more hotels and cabarets, people’s requests are higher, so the competition in hotel and cabaret industry also becomes more and more violent. The modernized hotel collects the guest room, food and beverage , communication , amusement, commercial culture and other various kinds of services and facilities are the integrated consumption place , the hotel organizes hugely, there are many service items. The amount of information is large It is a problem which every hotel or cabaret must face that how to survive and develop in the violent competition. The service management level of the cabaret play an important part in improving its competition ability. It is a very heavy and baldness job of managing a bulky database by manpower. The disadvantage, such as great capacity of work, low efficiency and long period, exist in data inputting, demanding and modification.How to improve its service management level has been become the urgent task of the hotel and cabaret industry development. In this case, to establish the hotel management information system becomes one of the valid paths that can resolve this problem. The hotel management information system is an information management one kind within system, currently information technique continuously of development, the network technique has already been applied in us extensively nearby of every trade, there is the network technical development, each hotels all make use of a calculator to manage the files, the hotel is operated by handicraft before of the whole tedious affairs all got fast and solvehigh-efficiencily, especially the system had in the hotel industry very big function, all can be more convenient, fast for people coming saying and understand accurately with management everyone noodles information.This thesis takes current state of the development of the hotel industry as the background, has analysis the deficiency under the traditional management mode of my State Guesthouse industry, have explained the necessity of the housekeeping information of the hotel. The thesis introduced the functions and the process of design. The thesis mainly explained the point of the system design, the thought of design, the difficult technique and the solutions. By the investigation with hotels, we have building the organization model of the management information system of guest room of the hotel. Based on that, we have carried on the detailed investigation to the business procedure of the guest room of the hotel, having set up the structure chart of the function, for instance the room reserves, the customers check in, checks out to settle account, charges to account etc., thus makes the management clear. To meet the actual inquire, we have set up concept structure, proposes the systematic design principle and design method, provides Solution Architecture of database. We have developed a practical the management information system. Not only carried on detailed analysis and design to the system of guest room of the hotel in terms of business, but also we appraised to the system.A number of free or very inexpensive Web servers are good for development use or deployment of low-volume or medium-volume Web sites. Thus, with Servlets and Java you can start with a free or inexpensive server and migrate to more expensive servers with high-performance capabilities or advanced administration utilities only after your project meets initial success. This is in contrast to many of the other CGI alternatives, which require a significant initial investment for the purchase of a proprietary package.But, with Servlets and Java, they could start with a free server: Apache Tomcat (either standalone, embedded in the regular Apache Web server, or embedded in Microsoft IIS). Once the project starts to become successful, they could move to a server like Caucho Resin that had higher performance and easier administration but that is not free. But none of their Servlets or Java pages have to be rewritten.The system is in the data from one server and a number of Taiwan formed LANworkstations. Users can check the competence of different systems in different users submit personal data, background database you can quickly given the mandate to see to the content.More and more are also urgent along with hotel automationthe information management when science and technology rapid development,therefore is essential to develop the software system of marks register to assist the hotel industry management.So that can improve the information management,enhance the efficiency of management.译文宾馆管理系统的设计与发展随着我国经济的发展，人们的生活水平有了显著的提高，假日经济和旅游经济已成为人们消费的热点。

酒店设计说明英文版I. General Situation of the projectThe design of hotel design scheme, the project address is located in Sea Lake Scenic Area in Mianyang City, covers an area of about 1500 square meters, beautiful environment, convenient transportation, and is located around the major tourist attractions in the center, so the hotel belongs to environment with superior.II. Investigation and analysisArchitecture is a frozen music and a monument to human civilization. And the hotel, for many city is the city of the living room, is the city of galleries, is the spokesman of the city. As a kind of architecture, hotels have different functional features from other buildings.The hotel is of great significance to the construction and development of the city. However, there are many problems in the current design situation of hotels. For example, most hotels are too demanding luxury and luxury, and this type of hotel is visually satisfying, but the hotel ignores the most important. In this topic,we will give full play to the economic characteristics of the hotel and solve all the problems of the hotel under the current economy, aiming at the characteristics of the hotel. Make the hotel closely linked to leisure and entertainment, two, so that consumer groups is not just a solution to the problem of accommodation, it isimportant to relax the body and mind. Find the feeling of going home.III, design ideasWith the increasing pressure of city life, the relaxing resort hotel has become the place where modern people release their pressure. When people are no longer satisfied, skimming over the surface cursory sightseeing, but looking for a beautiful environment, fresh air, quiet to live down, to achieve a thorough physical and mental relaxation and leisure life. Resort hotels play a part in it.The hotel provides the living conditions for the consumer, not at the expense of the environment, which is the basic requirement of the hotel. On the other hand, to reflect the fashion and sense of atmosphere, will be in the overall design always focus on the theme of, have advanced design idea, the design conforms to the theme at the same time to lead the new trend, to create a different style hotel culture. Consider the sustainability of the hotel, and also predict the design ahead of schedule.The word "Jane Yat" literally means simple and easy. Hotel theme is not only these two simple words so simple in fact is the humanization design, is to adhere to the "people-oriented" design is this any different hotel right starting point, to promote family,personalized, features simple, fashion, comfort, taste. It requires not only to meet the requirements of resort hotel resort hotel design to meet the people rich emotional life and a high level of spiritual enjoyment, but also moderate individuality, and through various forms to create comfortable and pleasing to the eye and guests a unique artistic charm of the works "". In the design of Jane Yat Hotel, we should convey feelings to guests through small links, and strive to achieve emotional communication between the hotel and guests, reflecting the hotel's humanistic care for guests.Hotels generally have large shared spaces. How to do the lobby outdoor light, water, green into the room, how to make the integration of architecture and interior space to achieve perfect, how to create a simple andstylish space, it needs to lead by all kinds of successful cases, excellent analysis of others, find inspiration to build their own yearning for space need more innovation.The sense of space is a kind of psychological feeling which is built up by a decent person. Integration of indoor and outdoor lighting can often make the space to add color, the original light cannot be replaced by nature as human lighting technology, natural light can make people happy, carefree and content. It also echoes the theme better.In the "Jane Yat" - resort hotel design, through the overall planning of the hotel and its status quo investigation, to determine the "Jane Yat" hotel design theme positioning, principles and objectives. The main line style of this program is simple, which is to highlight the theme atmosphere. Based on the "modeling - color - material - Lighting - furnishings" five levels, so that not only for consumers to provide a comfortable living environment, but also to their spiritual level to be released, providing spiritual enjoyment. Design styleWith simple style, outstanding theme atmosphere, on this basis, combined with the aesthetic concept of contemporary society and the modern people to the hotel's functional requirements, increase the function of regional division, make full use of space and beautify the space for the purpose, in the layout retains several elements of the hotel lobby, corridor, leisure the guest room and other areas, interaction between regions, distinctive characteristics and the overall unity. A large number of meters, white tones, warm colors, lighting effects, refreshing, in the rhythm of modern social life, to coordinate the balance of people's psychological role.Spatial processing techniqueThe wall structure of A, the hotel uses a lot of transparentmaterial, achieve the illumination effect, fusion to indoor and outdoor light and views, to bring people closer to the nature of the visual feeling, has the sense of vision, to feel close to nature. The layout of the whole space is quite regular.B, in furniture using some jump colors, used to adorn space, this kind of furniture is quite distinctive, some strange shapes, some bold colors, some exquisite craft in space, has played a role, so that the design is not in a single..C, the wall adopts simple geometry and blank space, the form is simple, reflects a kind of simple beauty.D uses a lot of white stone, ceiling, solid colors give an empty beauty to furniture make up the wall and the top of the monotonous. Give people a dynamic aesthetic, so that their design is no longer monotonous.一、草方案The content of this design mainly through the construction of the interior shape and design, based on Jane Yat theme on the basis of design. In the indoor space, a large area of the use ofwhite tune, the rest of the main color of the region is beige, a small number of use of beige, this simple combination of colors gives a fresh and elegant feeling.酒店功能分区细节图The hotel is divided into three floors, which are mostly guest rooms, guest rooms and recreational areas.According to the preliminary data collection and investigation, firstly, the hotel functional zoning is subdivided. Entering the hotel, opposite the lobby service counter, the two staff office on the left of the bar. The right hand of Bian Youwei fifteen meters long conversation area, as the 22 sitting among other partitions, used to distinguish between seat and privacy. Go inside for the conference room. The left hand side is for the reception area and the view elevator. The two floor entrance for the guest room service, the bar has a variety of needs, including personnel scheduling, cashier sound control, but also for customers at this point, consultation. The kitchen is behind the bar and the left is the guestroom corridor. On both sides for the guest room, to double suite, for example, the main color of the suite is beige, the first floor for the living roomand bedroom, the whole for the French window, bedroom with separate leisure area. The aisle exit is a public viewing area. Here,people can relax and enjoy the sightseeing. The sight is a kind of enjoyment. Room interchange for fire corridor, corridor width of two meters, enough double row evacuation. The three floor spaces are all guest rooms. Fire passages at the end of the corridor.From the practical design style and materials to consider, a hotel of big shop 800*800 light grey tiles, white walls and gray collocation to soft furnishings intended to give people, simple atmosphere, bright feeling.Suites, conference rooms, offices with tiles, suites for example, laying 600*600 Beige tiles, matt tiles because the surface is matte material, to reduce visual fatigue caused by reflection at the same time can be very good to improve the quality of texture highlights. The walls and the top surface is beige stone. M white, the choiceof visual effects, visually giving a clean, reserved temperament, suite walls are made of Glass French windows, to better achieve the effect of illumination. Let guests enjoy the light bath while resting, and make people warm, comfortable and free.Aisle and lobby ceiling chart with a large number of white, and use lamps to foil, highlighting the theme atmosphere. In order to avoid the large area of white open boring feeling, so the top modeling. Make it high and low, rich and level. Use the most common incandescent tube lighting, avoid long time in closedspace by depressing feeling, so that people feel more cordial, more comfortable. At the same time, this simple decorative lighting can also give customers a sense of spacious.In the selection of furniture, mainly in solid wood and furniture, local furniture and color collocation furnishings to ornament space, such as table decoration, sofa cushion, wall murals. Can decorate the space very well. Home type, simple and generous, do not lose the design sense, wood surface paint or reflect wood grain, or to pure white enamel based, fabric decoration parts do not appear complex patterns. But it has to be unique. Furniture placed at random, giving a relaxed attitude, more reflect Jane Yat style. Hotel room design notesGuest rooms are the main source of hotel revenue. It is the longest and most intimate place for guests to stay. This is especially true for Urban Inn. Our hotel guest room layout in architectural design, through more than ten years of long-term mutual imitate and style of a single stage, make a lot of the hotel rooms should be full of vitality and creativity are very similar, cloning became a popular face. In this "popular hotel", guest rooms are inevitably the "most popular" part.The worst effect of this phenomenon is that it affects a largenumber of hotel construction investors and operators, and also affects many domestic guests. We have long been this kind of popular hotel rooms and developed a fairly strong visual habits, or has formed a kind of psychological: only this "knife" room will look like this room; only the "black hole" type toilet that has its own habits; only seen in the class the room, familiar furniture will use. On the contrary, as long as there is a difference, there is a never met, there is a little strange, in any case can not accept. The reasons for not accepting are often "not seen", "not approved by guests" and so on. In short, is not assured. So far, all domestic institutions investment and did not invite the international hotel group management and foreign designers in the design of the guest room in the hotel project, there still exists a lot from investors or managers of the habit of thinking of the resistance.In fact, with a complete, rich, detailed content and system design of the guest room, this is the crystallization of many of the world's best hotel decades of management experience; at the same time, along with the progress of the times and technology, and the renewal of human life and the concept of consumption, and make the room - and - this is most closely related to the individual traveler "privatespace" (private space), facing constant, new changes and new requirements; and in the design of thedivision of responsibilities, guest room design is not only the interior designers, architects on the first plane room layout is the first step in the design of the guest room.The architect to consider to provide as much as possible the appropriate location, space, size and direction for the room in the landscape architecture design plan, public area saving as much as possible, as far as possible to shorten the evacuation distance and service process traffic layout as much as possible to avoid old toilet decorate and as complete as possible and reasonable arrange all the position of switch power supply and good room, etc.. Interior designer work is first is to deepen the design of all use function, then was selectedrooms style clear room cultural orientation and business objectives, and for creating a special guest room, choose the right goods and furnishings. The future fate of a hotel room is largely determined by the accuracy and appropriateness of the initial architectural and interior design, experience, culture and foresight.The interior design of hotels and Resorts has three main contents: the first is functional design, the second is style design, and the third is humanized design.In the order of the design process, the function first, style second, humane third; but in the overall design of the concept, thethree elements should be unified thinking, unified arrangements, regardless of order, indispensable. The function serves the material, the windThe grid serves the mind, while the humanistic study is the examination and the deep processing of the actual effects after the fusion of the material and the spirit. The common purpose of these three tasks is to win the real success of the brand and management in the hotel.The function of the design defects, design style to highlight is the "short-lived"; the functional design is very comprehensive, but the lack of charm and character style is not good, because it will reduce the room taste and value; and function and style are good hotel rooms, if there is no humanized staff carefully measure then add some more detailed design more deeply, maybe it will regret is not so perfect, not so delicate. Grasp the three design scales, give full play to the role of these three design, the quality of room design is guaranteed. Function design is the basic work of guest room design, including basic function design and detail function design.。

酒店管理系统的设计与实现(总62页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除关键词：酒店客房管理系统设计实现Abstract：With the rapid development of computer and information technology, themanagement of hotel rooms by the traditional working mode has gradually replaced by modern information technology, the network work mode. In order to stay at the main hotel if the extension of the traditional management mode, will increase the cost and reduce the efficiency of hotel management. With advanced computers and software technology in the hotel guest room management, it is very meaningful and managed by the hotel guest room management system. Management can make managers to understand the overall situation of the hotel, hotel rooms management system, convenient for various decision-making, but also simplifies the management of a variety of complex operation, improve the management efficiency of the hotel management. In this paper, Maoming week eight Traders Hotel as an example using Visual Basic and ACCESS combination, to create a suitable for the actual situation of the hotel room management system.Keywords：Hotel room management system Design Realization目录第一章课题研究背景---------------------------------------------------------------------- 错误!未指定书签。

酒店管理专业的英文范文英文回答：Hotel management is a multifaceted discipline that encompasses a wide range of responsibilities, from overseeing daily operations to ensuring the satisfaction of guests. Individuals interested in pursuing a career in this field typically obtain a degree in hotel management or a related discipline.Hotel management programs typically cover a variety of topics, including:Front office operations: This includes managing reservations, check-ins, and check-outs.Housekeeping: This involves maintaining the cleanliness and order of guest rooms and public areas.Food and beverage service: This includes managingrestaurants, bars, and other food and beverage outlets.Event planning: This involves planning and coordinating events such as weddings, conferences, and banquets.Marketing and sales: This involves promoting the hotel and attracting new guests.Accounting and finance: This involves managing the hotel's finances and ensuring its profitability.In addition to coursework, hotel management programs often include internships or apprenticeships that provide students with hands-on experience in the industry. These experiences allow students to apply the knowledge andskills they have learned in the classroom and to develop a network of contacts in the field.Upon graduation, hotel management graduates can pursue a variety of career opportunities in the hospitality industry. Some common career paths include:Hotel manager: This is the top management position in a hotel and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the hotel's operations.Assistant hotel manager: This position assists the hotel manager with the day-to-day operations of the hotel.Front office manager: This position is responsible for managing the front desk and all aspects of guest services.Housekeeping manager: This position is responsible for overseeing the housekeeping staff and ensuring the cleanliness of the hotel.Food and beverage manager: This position is responsible for managing the hotel's restaurants, bars, and other food and beverage outlets.Event planner: This position is responsible for planning and coordinating events such as weddings, conferences, and banquets.Marketing and sales director: This position is responsible for developing and implementing marketing and sales strategies to attract new guests.Revenue manager: This position is responsible for managing the hotel's revenue and maximizing profitability.Hotel management is a dynamic and rewarding field that offers a variety of career opportunities. Individuals who are passionate about hospitality and have a strong work ethic can find success in this industry.中文回答：酒店管理专业。

酒店管理专业的英文范文Hospitality is not just about serving fancy meals or managing a luxurious hotel. It's a blend of art and science, where customer satisfaction is the ultimate goal.One day, I found myself in the midst of a hectic hotel kitchen, surrounded by chefs yelling orders and the clangof pots and pans. It was chaotic, yet somehow, the team worked seamlessly together to create mouth-watering dishes.On another occasion, I was tasked with overseeing a group of guest room attendants. Ensuring every detail was perfect from the beddings to the minibar – it was a challenge, but seeing the guests' smiles when they walked into their rooms made it all worthwhile.Hotel management isn't just about running the frontdesk or managing staff. It's about creating memorable experiences for guests. I remember the time I helped afamily celebrate their son's birthday by decorating theirroom with balloons and a cake. The look on their faces was priceless.But it's not always smooth sailing. Sometimes, dealing with complaints or unexpected situations can be stressful. Yet, it's those moments that truly test our resilience and ability to think on our feet. I've learned to stay calm, listen attentively, and find solutions that satisfy both the guest and the hotel's needs.In the end, hospitality is a passion that never fades. It's about making people feel welcome, comfortable, and at home – no matter where they are. And that's what.。

【关键字】酒店Creating Innovative Solutions for Future Hotel Rooms with Intelligent Multimedia and Pervasive ComputingBy:Nalin K. ShardaSoruce: /content/um457v22/AbstractPervasive computing and intelligent multimedia technologies are becoming increasingly important to the modern way of living. However, many of their potential applications have not been fully realized yet. This chapter explores how innovative applications can be developed to meet the needs of the next generation hotels. Futuristic hotel rooms aim to be more than “home-away-from-home,” and as a consequence, offer tremendous opportunities for developing innovative appli-cations of pervasive computing and intelligent multimedia. Next generation hotels will make increased use of technology products to attract new customers. High end TV screens, changeable room ambiance, biometric guest recognition, and electronic check-in facilities are some of the features already being implemented by some hotels. Entirely futuristic hotels in the sea, the stratosphere or the outer space, are also being proposed. All of these provide many novel opportunities for developing innovative solutions using intelligent multimedia and ubiquitous computing.IntroductionThis chapter articulates how innovation theory and practice can be applied to cre- ate novel ideas for future hotel rooms and services, using pervasive computing and intelligent multimedia.Consistent innovation has become the hallmark of most successful business areas. Hotels and hotel rooms offer a great opportunity for being innovative and creative in providing new technology-based facilities to make the guest’s stay easy, comfortable and enjoyable.N.K. Sharda () Computer Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australiacombine these with intelligent multimedia to create features that will make these next generation hotels more technically superior providing seamless experience of high-end multimedia applications.Some of the specific objectives of the chapter include:– To investigate theories of innovation and their practical implementation models.– To study some of the futuristic hotel room ideas presented in the literature.– To articulate technology needs for the hotel rooms of the future.– To present innovative ideas for hotels and hotel rooms of the future using perva-sive computing and intelligent multimedia.Chapter LayoutSection 6.1 introduced the motivations, aims and objects for this chapter. Section 6.2 presents theoretical models of innovation and some practical implementation methodologies. Section 6.3 presents some concept hotel rooms and how these use computing and multimedia technologies. Section 6.4 presents some futuristic hotels and their technology needs. Section 6.5 presents some innovative ideas for hotel rooms of the future.Creativity and InnovationWe all have some understanding of what creativity and innovation are; however, most technologists have had little or no training in methods or enhancing their creativity, and in developing innovative solutions. Most people think that these come naturally to some people,while others cannot be creative. In fact, most of us can be creative and innovative if we use some systematic methodology [3]. In the following sections we investigate how creativity and innovation can be enhanced and pursued systematically.CreativityGenerally the term creativity is applied to more artistic endeavours, e.g., different tiating between technical and creative writing; however, creativity can be used to develop innovative solutions for technical problems as well. Chris Stevens defines creativity as “the ability to generate and use insight”; and this description appli es to technical areas, just as well it does to artistic areas. Everyone is capable of being creative; however, most people do not exploit their full creative potential, as they do not have a clear understanding and models to guide and sustain the flow of their “creative juices Attending to somatics : “Working with the somatic aspects of communication and commitment. Ascending the ladder of competence. Connecting with people. Producing trust. Developing an open and inviting “presence.” Blending with concerns, energies and styles of others [12].” These somatic indicators, i.e., those based on body characteristics, can breakdown due to: “Inability to read and respond to body language, gesture, etc. Inability to connect and blend. Failure to recognize a nd overcome one’s own conditioned tendencies, to appreciate differing levels of skill and their criteria or to engage in regular practice in the other practice areas.”It is important to note that innovations are not always based on existing needs; some innovative ideas create new needs, while others meet an existing need better than the competing product, giving the organization a competitive advantage. We can extend a long-held belief that “need is the mother of invention,” by adding that “competition is the father of innovation,” i.e., competition spurs along innovation. Thus, to create innovative products and systems for hotels of the future, one needs to combine the theoretical models of innovation presented in the preceding section, with the guest needs and futuristic possibilities, giving hotels a competitive advantage.6.3 Concept Hotels of the FutureOver the recent years, the hotel industry has been busy thinking and dreaming of ideas that will be used in the hotels of the future. Some of these ideas have already been implemented, while others are just concepts. Nonetheless, these are presented here as possible triggers for creating innovative applications of intelligent multimedia and pervasive computing suitable for hotels of the future.6.3.1 Hilton’s Room of the FutureHilton hotel’s “Room of the Future” is housed in the Hilton University near Los Angeles International irport, furnished with many next-generation products to cater for business activities, enhanced comfort and entertainment.Some of the facilities included are just the latest technology, while others aim tobe futuristic, including: Wall-mounted, 42-in. flat-screen HDTV Panasonic plasma television connected to a Technics receiver with surround-sound Bose speakers Philips DVD/CD player Second, smaller flat-screen LCD monitor next to the Jacuzzi bathtub Motion-detection lights that activate when guests enter the room Biometric room safe that uses a thumbprint as the lock and key.6.4 Out-of-this-World HotelsWho says that a hotel has to stand on a solid foundation? Ideas have been mooted to build hotels in the oceans, in the wilderness, in the stratosphere and even in the outer space. As these hotels are only concepts yet, and will be build by the time computing technology has advanced much further, these hotels will be an excellent “sand-box” to try new ideas for enhancing guest services with ubiquitous computing and intelligent multimedia.6.4.1 Foldable Hotel PodsValhouli presents a novel concept for hotels of the future with designs that include undersea and space resorts These foldable hotel pods (Fig. 6.3) could even be moved from one location to another. In the “Future Holiday Forum,” a report entitled “2024: A Holiday Odyssey” predicted that in the future hotels will be a foldable pod that can be easily relocated to remote locations . Guests will be able to choose the images they want to project on the walls, changing the ambiance to their personal choice. When a desti- nation falls out of fashion, whether due to demand or terrorism, the pod can simply be folded up and moved. An added advantage of these pod hotels is that they will have minimal impact on the environment and will not require roads to get there, as helicopters can be used to bring in the guests.These inconveniences provide a fertile ground for innovations using intelligent multimedia, wireless communications and pervasive computing to develop innovative solutions. Some such ideas include Handheld computers for curb-side check-in Mini-bars that know your likes and dislikes Thermostats that adjust the temperature based on guest presence in the room Digital movies and other multimedia on demand Biometric scanners for tighter security Electronics that alter everything from the firmness of the mattress to the art on the walls based on guest’s preferences Together, these features would aim to deliver a personalized experience to the guest. “One product making it easy to accommodate guests’ personal preferences is the TM Bartech e-fridge it has sensors that detect when a beverage has been re- moved. The front desk is alerted, your bill is updated and room service knows what to replace in the morning. The e-fridge can also be programmed to change drink prices throughout the day, lowering them during happy hour. In the future, hotel guests could find their minibars stocked only with their favourite drinks and preferences gleaned from past selection.Already car ds that use radio frequency identification (RFID) technology have been developed. These can not only open the room doors, but can also be linked to pay for dinner. The challenge is make them do more, e.g., luggage transfer: “Place the card in your bag and when the luggage comes off the conveyor belt, the airline can retrieve it, scan it and send it straight to your hotel .”Furthermore, it can contain a biometric record letting the guest check in easily not only at the hotel, but also on a plane, as bei ng trialed at London’s Heathrow Airport for British Airways and Virgin Atlantic frequent travelers. Imagine: simply by looking at the check-in gates the guests can pass through. Using handheld devices such as mobile phones and PDAs for check-in is possible now; however, these are not yet being used widely. Motion detectors can avoid annoying mid-shower knocks at the door by telling housekeeping that the guest is in. However, new technologies require innovative deployment and economies of scale to work in their favour before they are adopted widely.6.4.2 Resort Hotels in the StratosphereWho does not dream of flying with arms spread out like wings? While such ideas can come true only in imagination or dreams, we can certainly build living spaces that will hover around in the stratosphere.Geoff Manaugh introduces a flying hotel proposed by Wimberley Allison Tong & Goo (WATG), an architectural firm based in London [16]. WATG has challenged the old ideas about how to design new resorts and where to place them. In a recent com- petition co-sponsored by WATG, entitled “Hospitality Transformed: Resort Hotels in 2055,” architecture students around the world presented futuristic ideas ranging from “environmentally sensitive resorts in pristine remote locations to highly so- phisticated technological wonders in dense urban settings.WATG has also partnered with Worldwide Aeros Corp, the Aeroscraft manu- facturer and world leader in manufacturing of the FAA-certified lighter-than-air vehicles, to design the interiors of a new generation of airborn e cruise ships .”6.4.3 Space HotelsSpace tourism is coming. The Genesis module (Fig. 6.4) launched on 12 July 2006 using the Russian Dnepr (SS-18) rocket is a tangible step in the ongoing development of the space tourism [18]. The most important aspect of this mission is that it shows that the space tourism industry is not only developing vehicles for suborbital and eventually orbital flight, but also that future space tourists will have a place tostay when they get up there. Having an experimental module in orbit is essential in order to show investors that this industry is going to be in business for a long time to come.Future space tourists may not be content with a short ride into orbit inside a cramped capsule. A “space hotel” is the minimum ne eded to attract space tourists beyond some adventurers. One of the essential facilities will be windows for viewing the Earth. Cramped space and weight limitations will stretch the technology at all levels. Therefore, wireless ubiquitous computing will be required for multimedia and other communication applications. These space hotels will include technology such as dosimeters to record the cumulative radiation received by the traveler, and microphones, and cameras to record the antics of items sent by people using Bigelow’s “Fly Your Stuff” programme. The company is hoping that this will catch on and generate some cash flow even before paying hotel guests make the trip.6.4.4 Fanciful HotelsDavid Neilsen presents a number of ideas for fanciful hotels; some already made, some under construction and some just fanciful ideas. Some of these hotels do not use technology as their attraction, while others will rely on technical gizmos to attract guests [19]. With the amorphous nature of most such hotels, they will be fer- tile ground for the use of wireless ubiquitous computing and intelligent multimedia systems.”L’Hotel Machet, Paris, FranceL’Hotel Machet is the world’s first hotel to be made out of Paper Mache. It includes “readable walls in multiple languages, an all-mache pastry shop and free paste for the kids! Hotel will be equipped with wheels for use as a float in local parades and comes with a smiling, waving “Princess Paper” in the lobby .”Tinker-Toys Hotel, Wichita, Kansas Hutch Duggle wanted to tap into people’s nostalgia for “Tinker-Toys!.” He conceived of the world’s first hotel made entirely with tinker toys. According to him: “Bring your whole family! No matter the size, we’ve got a room for them! Heck, if needed, you can adjust your room yourself! It’s Tinker-Toys! .”Hotel-O, Sydney, AustraliaHotel-O is made entirely out of Jell-O. “Special features include Bill Cosby per- manently sitting in the lobby and cost-e fficient fire escape exits you simply walk through the walls. Guests desiring true privacy may want to ask for the darke flavoured rooms .”Disney’s Pyramid on Ice, Cairo, EgyptDisney does theme parks bigger and better than anyone else. They announced plans to build “Disney’s Pyramid on Ice!” outside of Cairo, Egypt. “Special features in clude ice-skating bellboys dressed as your favorite Disney characters, monorail service to The Sphinx and David Blaine frozen for your enjoyment in the lobby. Opens 6 June 2001, melts itself closed 3 h later ].” Did it really?Invisible Hotel, Central Park, New YorkSam Smilky announced his plans for the world’s first invisible hotel in the middle of Central Park, New York [19]. “They told me I was c razy, bu t I had a dream,” said Sam. It is meant to be an entirely invisible 3-story luxury hotel accommodating over 100 guests. “People will walk by, and think you’re lying on the ground, but that’s only because they won’t be able to see the luxuri ous accommodations surrounding you!” said Smilky, “Plus I’m making it out of walls you can walk right through! As if they’re not even there! How much would you pay for that? [19].” Now that is a fanciful idea, but one full of opportunities for innovative solutions using ubiquitous computing.6.4.5 Technology Needs of Hotel Room of the FutureDespite the technology upgrades of the recent past, most hotel rooms are still using wires for various functions. “All too often travelers find themselves crawling around on their hotel room floor looking for telephone jacks, waiting ages for room service, stumbling in the dark during late-night trips to the bathroom or puzzling for hours over setting the alarm on the clock radio .”6.5 Innovative Ideas for Hotel RoomsThis section explores how some of the ideas proposed by the hotel industry can be combined with intelligent multimedia and pervasive computing systems.6.5.1 Intelligent Systems in Future HotelsGlen Hiemstra of predicts that the future hotel rooms will make extensive use of robotics, nanotechnology and biometric recognition, including These inconveniences provide a fertile ground for innovations using intelligent multimedia, wireless communications and pervasive computing to develop innovative solutions. Some such ideas include Handheld computers for curb-side check-in Mini-bars that know your likes and dislikes Thermostats that adjust the temperature based on guest presence in the room Digital movies and other multimedia on demand Biometric scanners for tighter security Electronics that alter everything from the firmness of the mattress to the art on the walls based on guest’s preferencesTogether, these features would aim to deliver a personalized experience to the guest. “One product making it easy to a ccommodate guests’ personal preferences is the TM Bartech e-fridge ::: [it] has sensors that detect when a beverage has been re- moved. The front desk is alerted, your bill is updated and room service knows what to replace in the morning. The e-fridge can also be programmed to change drink prices throughout the day, lowering them during happy hour. In the future, hotel guests could find their minibars stocked only with their favourite drinks and preferences gleaned from past selections.”Already cards that use radio frequency identification (RFID) technology have been developed. These can not only open the room doors, but can also be linked to pay for dinner. The challenge is make them do more, e.g., luggage transfer: “Place the card in your bag and whe n the luggage comes off the conveyor belt, the airline can retrieve it, scan it and send it straight to your hotel .”Furthermore, it can contain a biometric record letting the guest check in easily not only at the hotel, but also on a plane, as being trialed at London’s Heathrow Airport for British Airways and Virgin Atlantic frequent travelers. Imagine: simply by looking at the check-in gates the guests can pass through. Using handheld devices such as mobile phones and PDAs for check-in is possible now; however, these are not yet being used widely. Motion detectors can avoid annoying mid-shower knocks at the door by telling housekeeping that the guest is in. However, new technologies require innovative deployment and economies of scale to work in their favour before they are adopted widely.6.5 Innovative Ideas for Hotel RoomsThis section explores how some of the ideas proposed by the hotel industry can be combined with intelligent multimedia and pervasive computing systems.6.5.1 Intelligent Systems in Future HotelsGlen Hiemstra of predicts that the future hotel rooms will make extensive use of robotics, nanotechnology and biometric recognition, including retina scans. Retina scan is already used in high-security offices, banks and the military; however, soon these will be used in the hotel industry.We can envision hotels where robotic devices will do a majority of the tasks like check-in and room service. Highly futuristic possibility can be realized with nanotechnology. By 2025 or 2030, it may be possible for rooms to reconfigure (in fact almost rebuild) themselves to the guest’s whim and fancy .However, the more automated services are made, the less personal they become. Loosing human touch is not always popular as we have learnt from automated phone answering services. However, intelligent multimedia systems, using three dimensional holographic images, can provide a more humanistic experience, if the guests can feel that they are interacting with a human being’s Avatar.Opportunities in the FutureThe need for hotel chains to distinguish themselves will provide many opportunities for the development of innovative products and processes using intelligent multimedia and ubiquitouscomputing systems.Andrew Zolli, president of Z Plus Partners, New York, focused on aging baby boomers, and predicted the need for “health-monitoring” rooms in the y ears to come .Such rooms may include: Sensors in the toilet that measure blood sugar in urine Infrared cameras that track body temperature and send a message to regulate the thermostat and humidity in the room even as the guests sleep; or call a doctor With the concern for global warming or climate change, many guests may like to stay in “carbon-neutral” hotels. This will require not only eco-friendly products and organic food, but also minimization of energy and water waste. According to Zolli: “The boomers want to keep up with the Jones, and the Jones are realigning their chakras and driving hybrid cars .”Some of the new gadgets may come from standard product range and some from novel products and services. The deployment of these products is where the hotels will try to differentiate their services and gain some competitive advantage. How will the cost of all these innovations be absorbed? “That depends on the hotel,” said Hospitality Technology’s Paul, and “Luxury brands might absorb some of the cost s, but in two- and three-star properties, the guest may foot the bill.”Hotels have to find a compromise between raising rates and providing new services. “It’s much easier to charge for individual services than to raise room rates,” said Paul. “That’s the ultimate goal in a lot of ways –to find ways to generate more revenue without raising rates ].”Multimedia Delivery TechnologyMany hotels still have the old Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)-based TV sets. Prof. Tom Lattin of University of Houston believes that all the major hotel chains will replace old TVs with flat-screen ones in the near future. Flat screen TVs will provide im- proved picture quality while freeing up living space; additionally, these TVs will become the display device for the delivery of a variety of intelligent multimedia content.Reid Paul, editor of Hospitality Technology, suggests that these flat screen TVs will provide a greater variety of content: from local news to international sports coverage. Moreover, the room will be out fitted to cater for variety of wireless devices such as a docking station for iPod right on the bedside table.The aim of such technology upgrades would be to make the hotel experience more seamless and customized for the individual guest. Many experts predict that free Internet access will become standard and telephone calls will use Voice over IP (VoIP) technology, provided at much reduced cost.At the St. Martin’s Lane Hotel, Covent Gardens, London, the walls are painted white, so that guests have the choice of “altering the color of their room anywhere from deep violet to a jungle green .”The Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, including its New York location, has ousted rooms to remember regular guests’ preferences. Consequently, as a regular gu est walks into the room, “the lights, room temperature and speed dial on the phone are set to their specifications.” Danielle DeVoe of Mandarin Oriental hotels claims that such features help to distinguish their hotels from the competition. “Advanced in room technology is critical in how we attract guests to our hotels and hideaway properties,” claims DeVoe.6.6 ConclusionsNext generation hotels will provide a fertile ground for creating innovative applications of pervasive computing and intelligent multimedia. However, creating innovative applications needs systematic models and processes to enhance creativity and support innovation. Innovation funnel model and the Left-Right brain cognition models can be used towards this end. Proposals for futuristic hotel rooms aim to provide the guest more than “home-away-from-home.” Next generation hotels are being proposed with features such as high-definition flat TV screens, changeable room ambiance, biometric guest recognition and electronic check-in facilities. Proposals are also afoot for hotels in the sea, in the stratosphere and the outer space. These proposed features provide a fertile ground for developing innovative solutions for next generation hotels using intelligent multimedia and ubiquitous computing. References,Webopedia,/p/pervasive computing.htm, Accessed July 2008.2.What future? Visions of the future: Policies, issues and the future references, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, , Accessed July 2007.创造未来的酒店客房与计算机智能多媒体和创新纳米达摘要在这个日益月新的发展过程中，我们发现计算技术的智能多媒体变得越来越重要了现代生活的方式。