逻辑推理题（Logical reasoning）Puzzle CollectionLogical reasoningFirst, beans problem5 prisoners, according to 1-5, with 100 catch mung bean mung bean sacks, each at least a catch, and grasp the most and the least people will be put to death, and no communication between them, but in the grasp of the time, can touch the remaining number of beans. Who is the most likely to survive?Prompt：1. they are all very smart people2., their principle is to seek protection first, and then to kill moreYou don't have to divide all 3.1004. if there are repeated cases, the maximum or minimum will be executed.Two, poker problemMr. S, Mr. P, and Mr. Q are both capable of reasoning. On this day, they're being interviewed for reasoning.They knew there were 16 cards in the drawer of the table:The A, Q, 4Spades J, 8, 4, 2, 7, 3K, Q, flower 5, 4, 6Diamonds A, 5Professor John picked out a card from the 16 cards and told Mr. P the number of the cards, and told Mr. Q about the color of the card. At this time, Professor John asked Mr. P and Mr. Q: you can infer this card or a suit from a known point is what brand?So Mr. S heard the following conversation: Mr. P: "I don't know this card.". "Mr. Q: "I know you don't know this card.". "Mr. P: "now I know this card.". "Mr. Q: I know that too. "After listening to the dialogue above,After Mr. S thought about it, what was the card that was correctly released?.Excuse me: what brand is this card?Three, sick dog problemThere were 50 families in a large courtyard, and every family had a dog, and the people in the yard had strong reasoning ability. One day they were told that there was a dog sick in the yard and asked all the owners to shoot the dog on the day when he found his dog was ill. However, all the owners and their dogs will not be able to leave the house, between the owner and the owner is not by any means of communication, they can do is through the window to observe others home dog is sick in order to determine their dog disease or not. That is to say, every host can only see whether the other 49 dogs are sick or notThere was no gunfire on the first day, and there was no gunfire on the second day. There was a gunshot on the third day and asked how manyThe dog was shot?Four, the classic hat problem1, there is a cell, there are 3 prisoners in it. Because the glass was so thick, the 3 people could only see each other and couldn't hear each other's voice."One day, the king wanted to give them a way, everyone was wearing a hat, just let them know that the color of the hat is not white is black, not let them know what the hat is what color. In this case, the king announced two items as follows:(1) who can see the other two prisoners wearing white hats and who can release them?;(2) who knows who is wearing a black hat and who will be released.In fact, the king gave them a black hat. They couldn't see themselves because they were tied up. So the 3 of them stared at each other without talking. But soon, the A of the mind decided by reasoning that he was wearing a black hat. How do you deduce that, you think?Five, hat problem twoThere are ten people standing in a column, each head has a hat, either red, or blue. Everyone can only see the color of all the hats standing in front of themselves. Now let everyone report a color,Please try to make the color that most people report is the color of his own hatFor example, the person in the even seat reports the color of the hat in front of him, starting from the tenth,The odd number can tell the color of your hat,So there are 5 people whose color is the color of his own hatNow, how do you make the nine person's color the color of his own hat?Six, one dollar billNote: coins in the American currency are 1 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents and 1 dollars.Go ahead and read the text, challenging the limits of your logical reasoning.A shop just opened shop, only three men and a woman shopkeeper. When the three men stood up at the same time to pay the bill, the following things happened:(1) each of the four people has at least one coin, but none of them is 1 cents or 1 dollars coins.(2) none of the four people can exchange any coin.(3) a man named Lu bills to pay the largest amount, a man called Mo bill to be paid the amount of a second, Ned, men's bills to pay the minimum amount.(4) every man, no matter how he pays the coin in his hand, the landlady can't find the money.(5) if the three men are equivalent to change the coin in the hand, everyone can pay their bills without change.(6) when the three men exchanged the two equivalents, they found that the coin in the hand was not the same as the coin they held.As things go further, the following is happening:(7) after paying off the bill and two men leaving, the men leftbehind bought some sweets. This man was originally availableHe paid for the coins left in his hand, but the landlady couldn't find the money with the coins she held.(8) so the man paid 1 dollars for the candy money, but now the woman owner had to give him all her coins.Now, please don't tube day female owner can change often in trouble, the three men who used 1 dollar bills for candy money?Seven, apple orange problemThere are 3 boxes of fruit, a box is a box full of apples, oranges, and a box of two mixed fruit. The three boxes are labeled, but all the labels are wrong. Now you're asked to take only one fruit to judge what's in the 3 boxesEight, take coins question16 coins, A and B take turns and take some, and each takes only 1, 2, 4 of the number.Who will take the coin and who will lose it?.Q: is there a strategy for A or B to ensure that they win? The assumptions are cleverNine, there are five houses in a row; all houses have different colors; all homeowners come from different countries; allowners have different pets; drink different drinks; smoke different cigarettesPrompt：1. The British live in red houses; the Swedes have a dog;2, Danish tea; green house on the left of the white house;3, green housing owners drink coffee; pumping Pall Mall cigarettes owner bird;4, yellow homeowners smoke Dunhill; at the middle of the house owners drink milk;5, Norwegians live in the first house;6. People who smoke Blend live next door to cats;7. The owner of a horse is next door to Dunhill's house.8, Blue Master homeowners drink beer;9, Germans smoke Prince; Norwegians live next door to the blue house;10, people who only drink boiled water live next door to BlendQuestion: who fish?Ten, five people from different places, living in differenthouses, raising different animals, smoking different brands of cigarettes, drink different drinks, like different foods. Who's the cat owner, according to the following clues?1, the red house is on the right side of the blue house, on the left of the White House2, the owner of the yellow house comes from Hongkong, and his house is not on the left.3, people who love pizza live next door to people who love mineral water.4, people from Beijing love to drink Moutai and live next door to people from Shanghai.5. Do people who smoke Hilton cigarettes live in horses? Right next door.6, people who love beer also like chicken.7, green house people keep dogs.8, next door to eat noodles live snake people.9, the neighbor from Tianjin, one who loves beef, and the other from ChengduEleven, three workers on a train, Smith? Jones? Robert, three as a firefighter,The engineer, the mechanic, has three passengers, the same name as three people.1. Robert lives in Detroit2. The operator lives in the middle of Chicago and Detroit3. Jones earns 20 thousand dollars a year4. There is a passenger and a taxi driver living in a place, and the annual salary is 3 times as much as that of a taxi driver.5. Smith plays billiards better than firefighters.6. The namesake passenger lives in Chicago.Who is the mechanic, please?Twelve, there are two rooms, one room has three lights, another room has control of the three lights switch (these two rooms are split, no connection). Now you're going to go into these two rooms once, and then decide which switch the three are controlled by, and can you figure out a way? (Note: each room can only be entered once.)Nine, the problem of wineThere are 1 8 liters of wine full of cups and two small cups, A and B two to split the 8 liters of wine, make two people feel fair is the first wine by A split into two small cups, until he considered himself regardless of the election which cup donot lose so far. Then let B choose the best one in the two small cups. The rest of the cup is for A. Now, there are two 8 liters of wine filled cups and 4 small cups, ABCD four people how to divide, so that everyone can feel fair?Ten, wine problem twoThere are three wine glasses, including two big wine glasses, each can hold 8, two wine, one can hold 3, two wine. Now the two big cups are full of wine. How can the three cups be evenly distributed to 4 people?Eleven. The problem of weighing balls(1) there are 12 balls in the same size, and only one weight is different from the others. (I don't know the weight), I'll give you a balance, only three times, find the ball with different weights(2) there are 13 balls in the same size, and only one weight is different from the others. (I don't know the weight), I'll give you a balance, only three times, find the ball with different weightsTwelve, the problem of drug nameThere are 10 cans of medicine, one of which has been deteriorated, known normal drug every grain of 10G, metamorphic each 9g, so how to say only once, which tank can be found deterioration?Sixteen, the choir in 17 minutes to arrive at the concert hall, on the way to cross a bridge, four people from the same end of the bridge, it was very dark and they only have a torch at the same time can be up to two people together across the bridge, and when crossing the bridge must hold a flashlight, flashlight only can't throw, four people walking across the bridge speed were 1 minutes, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, how are they going to cross the bridge in 17 minutes.Intelligence problemFirst, it takes an hour to burn an uneven rope. How can we use it for half an hour?Please use only one stroke of four straight lines to connect all the points above 9.Two. Why is the lid of the sewer round?Three. How many gas stations are there in the United States? How many cars are there?Four, you let the workers work for you for 7 days, the return to the workers is a gold bar. Gold is divided into 7 connected pieces. You must give them a piece of gold at the end of the day, if you are only allowed to make two breaks in the gold bar, how do you pay your worker?Five, you have 4 jars with pills, each pill has a certain weight, the contaminated pills are the weight of the contaminated pills, +1. weighing only once, how to determine which jar of medicineis contaminated?Six, if you have an infinite number of water, a 3 quart and a 5 quart pail, how do you measure exactly 4 quarts of water?Seven. Insert the car key into the door. Turn in which direction can you turn on the car lock?Eight, if you want to get rid of any of the 50 states, which one do you take out? Why?Nine, the number of taxis in Shanghai accounted for the city's total number of vehicles is much more than?Ten. How to weigh the weight of a jet plane without using the balance?Eleven. Why are the images in the mirror upside down instead of upside down?Twelve. Why do you have hot water flowing out when you open the hot tap in your hotel?Thirteen, M & M is how to do it?Fourteen. You throw a box on the boat and will the horizontal surface rise or fall?Fifteen. How many piano tuners are there in the world?Sixteen. How many gas stations are there in the United States?Seventeen how much Mississippi River flows through New Orleans every hour?Eighteen. How heavy is the ice in a hockey field?Nineteen, if you can move any of the 50 states in the United States, which one will you move out of?Twenty, how many of these points on earth: go 1 kilometers south, walk 1 kilometers east, and then go 1 kilometers north, can you go back to the original starting point?Twenty-one. How many times does the clock overlap in a day?Twenty-two, Mike and Todd two people, a total of 21 dollars. Mike's money Bituode $20 each, how much money? There is no score in your answer.Twenty-three. In general, how many times can you turn the phone book in Manhattan to find the person you want to find?Mr. Q is playing a game with Mr. S and Mr. P. Mr. Q uses two small pieces of paper to write a number. These two numbers are allIs a positive integer, the difference is 1. He stuck a piece of paper on Mr. S's forehead and posted it on Mr. P's forehead. Therefore，Two people can only see the number on the forehead of the otherperson.Mr. Q kept asking, "who can guess the number on your head?" Mr. S said, "I can't guess."."Mr. P said, "I can't even guess."."Mr. S said, "I still can't guess."."Mr. P said, "I can't guess."."Mr. S still can't guess; Mr. P can't guess.Neither Mr. S nor Mr. P has ever guessed it for three times. But, for the fourth time, Mr. S shouted, "I know!"Mr. P also shouted, "I know!"Q: what are the numbers on the head of Mr. S and Mr. P?。
英文回答：Logic and thought， as an important part of the optionalpulsory three—course curriculum， is designed to help students develop the right way of thinking and logical reasoning。
The curriculum will focus on the principles of logic， subject logic，error and argument， so as to guide students to learnmon fallacy and argumentation techniques and help them to apply logical thinking to problems and problems in practice。
Through these teaching elements， the aim is to motivate students to think logically， to improve their analytical and reasoning skills and to lay a solid foundation for their future learning and work。
This is in line with the party ' s educational approach， which emphasizes the development of critical thinking among students， their capacity for problem resolution and the development of highly qualified personnel for socialist modernization。
高三英语哲学概念名称单选题30题1.The concept of understanding the nature of reality is mainly related to _____.A.metaphysicsB.epistemologyC.logicD.aesthetics答案：A。
metaphysics 是形而上学，主要研究现实的本质等问题。
epistemology 是认识论，主要研究知识的来源等问题。
logic 是逻辑，主要研究推理等问题。
aesthetics 是美学，主要研究美的问题。
2.In a philosophical discussion, the study of how we know things is called _____.A.metaphysicsB.epistemologyC.logicD.aesthetics答案：B。
epistemology 是认识论，研究我们如何认识事物。
metaphysics 是形而上学，研究现实本质等问题。
logic 是逻辑，研究推理等问题。
aesthetics 是美学，研究美的问题。
3.Which field of philosophy deals with questions about beauty and art?A.metaphysicsB.epistemologyC.logicD.aesthetics答案：D。
aesthetics 是美学，处理关于美和艺术的问题。
metaphysics 是形而上学，研究现实本质等问题。
epistemology 是认识论，研究知识来源等问题。
logic 是逻辑，研究推理等问题。
4.The branch of philosophy that examines the principles of correct reasoning is _____.A.metaphysicsB.epistemologyC.logicD.aesthetics答案：C。
