超高产春玉米冠层结构及其生理特性
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表1
年份 Year 2009
试验期间气象条件 Meteorological conditions during spring maize growing period
气象要素 Meteorological elements 日照时数 Sunshine duration (h) 平均气温 Mean temperature (℃) 降雨量 Amount of precipitation (mm) 5 319.3 19.14 14.6 199.3 16.60 78.3 6 288.4 20.79 69.4 265.2 24.47 17.9 月份 Month 7 324.8 23.85 78.0 171.3 24.57 92.0 8 324.1 24.03 25.6 234.2 23.10 26.6 9 286.9 17.25 1.5 235.1 18.07 4.6 总计/平均 Total/Average 1543.5 21.01 189.1 1105.1 21.36 219.4
[14]
表明超高产玉米光合速率大，光合作用强。 也提出，超高产春玉米花粒期不同层位叶
桑丹丹等
[15]
片 POD 活性表现为下位叶＞穗位叶＞上位叶； CAT、 SOD 活性表现为上位叶＞穗位叶＞下位叶。 乳熟期不 同层位叶片净光合速率表现为上位叶＞穗位叶＞下位 叶。【本研究切入点】前人对玉米冠层结构和生理特
4368
中
国
农
业
科
学
44 卷
potential, smaller leaf angle and higher leaf direction value, and canopy structure is reasonable. The super-high yield spring maize has stronger SOD and POD activities, lower the MDA content, higher net photosynthetic rate and stronger photosynthetic potential. So under the reasonable cultivation technique condition, collaborative gain can be obtained from super-high-yield spring maize community structure and individual function. Key words: spring maize; super-high yield; canopy structure; physiological characteristics
Abstract: 【Objective】 Canopy structure and canopy functional characteristics of super-high yield spring maize populations were studied to reveal the physiological mechanism of formation of super-high yield, which provided a theoretical basis for cultivation of super-high yield spring maize.【Method】The Jinshan 27 was grown under super-high-yield cultivation (SHY) and normal high-yield cultivation (CK) condition in 2009 and 2010 to assess the indexes of canopy structure and physiological characteristics of super-high yield maize.【Result】Compared with normal high-yield cultivation, the super-high yield spring maize had higher leaf area index (LAI), and three-ear leaves was more obvious after silking stage. Leaf angle of different leaf locations was lower and the leaf direction value was higher than normal high-yield cultivation, and particularly in the three-ear. With the process of the growing period, the difference of photosynthetic potential between the super-high-yield cultivation and the normal high-yield cultivation increased. In the silking stage and milking stage, the difference of the net photosynthetic rate of two cultivation modes was not significant, but canopy photosynthetic ability of super-high cultivation was significantly higher than normal high-yield cultivation. From the silking stage to 40 days, SOD and POD activities were higher than the normal cultivation and MDA content lower than the normal cultivation.【Conclusion】The super-high yield spring maize has higher LAI and population photosynthetic
。2005 年，国家玉米研究中心把玉米“超高产”
-2
指标定义为产量≥15 000 kg·hm
或比相同生育期生
产主栽对照品种增产 20%，自此，中国众多学者围绕 此产量水平对超高产玉米冠层结构和生理特性展开研 究。王志刚等
[11]
、王俊秀等
[12]
认为超高产玉米叶面积
指数大，叶片功能期延长，叶倾角小，株型紧凑，群 体内光分布较为合理。黄智鸿等[13]指出，超高产玉米 叶片保护酶活性（POD 和 SOD）显著高于对照，而叶 绿素和丙二醛含量显著低于对照，叶片衰老延缓。宋 红凯等
0
引言
【研究意义】玉米持续增产是保障中国粮食安全
性的研究，多是基于某一重要影响因素，难以系统地 揭示超高产群体的结构和功能特性。【拟解决的关键 问题】 本研究以当前生产中主推高产栽培模式为对照， 以合理密植、优化肥水管理和深松改土等综合措施下 形成的超高产栽培模式为基础，系统研究超高产栽培 下春玉米冠层结构和生理特性，旨在揭示超高产形成 的生理机制，为春玉米超高产栽培提供理论指导。
(1Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019; 2 Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationality, Tongliao 010019, Inner Mongolia)
[7-10]
1
材料与方法
西辽河平原地处世界玉米生产的黄金带，土壤肥
1.1 试验区自然概况 沃，井灌条件良好，具有实现玉米大面积超高产的潜 力和优势。玉米种植面积稳定在 6.0×105 hm2 左右， 平均单产 7.50 t·hm-2，较全国平均单产 5.25 t·hm-2 高 40%以上，总产约占内蒙古自治区玉米总产的 30%。 2009 年以来，经农业部玉米专家组现场测产验收，试 区内共有 7 块试验、示范田产量在 15 t·hm-2 以上，试 验田最高产量为 18.62 t·hm-2；示范田最大面积为 90 hm2，平均产量为 16.81 t·hm-2。试验期间气象条件见 表 1。 1.2 试验设计 试验于 2009—2010 年在地处西辽河平原的内蒙 古民族大学实验农场 （43°36′N、 122°22′E， 海拔 178 m） 进行。试验田土壤为灰色草甸土，播前耕层土壤养分 含量 2009 年和 2010 年分别为：有机质 27.6 g·kg-1、 24.6 g·kg-1，全氮 0.93 g·kg-1、0.96 g·kg-1，碱解氮 53.9
中国农业科学 2011,44(21):4367-4376 Scientia Agricultura Sinica
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.21.005
超高产春玉米冠层结构及其生理特性
张玉芹 1,2，杨恒山 2，高聚林 1，张瑞富 2，王志刚 1，徐寿军 2，范秀艳 2，杨升辉 2
Study on Canopy Structure and Physiological Characteristics of Super-High Yield Spring Maize
ZHANG Yu-qin1,2, YANG Heng-shan2, GAO Ju-lin1, ZHANG Rui-fu2, WANG Zhi-gang1, XU Shou-jun2, FAN Xiu-yan2, YANG Sheng-hui2
收稿日期：2011-01-17；接受日期：2011-04-12 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划（ “973”计划）项目（2009CB118601） 、国家自然科学基金项目（30860134） 、内蒙古民族大学科研创新团队 支持计划项目（NMD1003） 联系方式：张玉芹，E-mail：zhyq369@。通信作者高聚林，Tel：0471-4301057；E-mail：gaojulin@；通信作者杨恒山，Tel： 0475-8314830；E-mail：yanghengshan2003@
年份 Year 2009
试验期间气象条件 Meteorological conditions during spring maize growing period
气象要素 Meteorological elements 日照时数 Sunshine duration (h) 平均气温 Mean temperature (℃) 降雨量 Amount of precipitation (mm) 5 319.3 19.14 14.6 199.3 16.60 78.3 6 288.4 20.79 69.4 265.2 24.47 17.9 月份 Month 7 324.8 23.85 78.0 171.3 24.57 92.0 8 324.1 24.03 25.6 234.2 23.10 26.6 9 286.9 17.25 1.5 235.1 18.07 4.6 总计/平均 Total/Average 1543.5 21.01 189.1 1105.1 21.36 219.4
[14]
表明超高产玉米光合速率大，光合作用强。 也提出，超高产春玉米花粒期不同层位叶
桑丹丹等
[15]
片 POD 活性表现为下位叶＞穗位叶＞上位叶； CAT、 SOD 活性表现为上位叶＞穗位叶＞下位叶。 乳熟期不 同层位叶片净光合速率表现为上位叶＞穗位叶＞下位 叶。【本研究切入点】前人对玉米冠层结构和生理特
4368
中
国
农
业
科
学
44 卷
potential, smaller leaf angle and higher leaf direction value, and canopy structure is reasonable. The super-high yield spring maize has stronger SOD and POD activities, lower the MDA content, higher net photosynthetic rate and stronger photosynthetic potential. So under the reasonable cultivation technique condition, collaborative gain can be obtained from super-high-yield spring maize community structure and individual function. Key words: spring maize; super-high yield; canopy structure; physiological characteristics
Abstract: 【Objective】 Canopy structure and canopy functional characteristics of super-high yield spring maize populations were studied to reveal the physiological mechanism of formation of super-high yield, which provided a theoretical basis for cultivation of super-high yield spring maize.【Method】The Jinshan 27 was grown under super-high-yield cultivation (SHY) and normal high-yield cultivation (CK) condition in 2009 and 2010 to assess the indexes of canopy structure and physiological characteristics of super-high yield maize.【Result】Compared with normal high-yield cultivation, the super-high yield spring maize had higher leaf area index (LAI), and three-ear leaves was more obvious after silking stage. Leaf angle of different leaf locations was lower and the leaf direction value was higher than normal high-yield cultivation, and particularly in the three-ear. With the process of the growing period, the difference of photosynthetic potential between the super-high-yield cultivation and the normal high-yield cultivation increased. In the silking stage and milking stage, the difference of the net photosynthetic rate of two cultivation modes was not significant, but canopy photosynthetic ability of super-high cultivation was significantly higher than normal high-yield cultivation. From the silking stage to 40 days, SOD and POD activities were higher than the normal cultivation and MDA content lower than the normal cultivation.【Conclusion】The super-high yield spring maize has higher LAI and population photosynthetic
。2005 年，国家玉米研究中心把玉米“超高产”
-2
指标定义为产量≥15 000 kg·hm
或比相同生育期生
产主栽对照品种增产 20%，自此，中国众多学者围绕 此产量水平对超高产玉米冠层结构和生理特性展开研 究。王志刚等
[11]
、王俊秀等
[12]
认为超高产玉米叶面积
指数大，叶片功能期延长，叶倾角小，株型紧凑，群 体内光分布较为合理。黄智鸿等[13]指出，超高产玉米 叶片保护酶活性（POD 和 SOD）显著高于对照，而叶 绿素和丙二醛含量显著低于对照，叶片衰老延缓。宋 红凯等
0
引言
【研究意义】玉米持续增产是保障中国粮食安全
性的研究，多是基于某一重要影响因素，难以系统地 揭示超高产群体的结构和功能特性。【拟解决的关键 问题】 本研究以当前生产中主推高产栽培模式为对照， 以合理密植、优化肥水管理和深松改土等综合措施下 形成的超高产栽培模式为基础，系统研究超高产栽培 下春玉米冠层结构和生理特性，旨在揭示超高产形成 的生理机制，为春玉米超高产栽培提供理论指导。
(1Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019; 2 Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationality, Tongliao 010019, Inner Mongolia)
[7-10]
1
材料与方法
西辽河平原地处世界玉米生产的黄金带，土壤肥
1.1 试验区自然概况 沃，井灌条件良好，具有实现玉米大面积超高产的潜 力和优势。玉米种植面积稳定在 6.0×105 hm2 左右， 平均单产 7.50 t·hm-2，较全国平均单产 5.25 t·hm-2 高 40%以上，总产约占内蒙古自治区玉米总产的 30%。 2009 年以来，经农业部玉米专家组现场测产验收，试 区内共有 7 块试验、示范田产量在 15 t·hm-2 以上，试 验田最高产量为 18.62 t·hm-2；示范田最大面积为 90 hm2，平均产量为 16.81 t·hm-2。试验期间气象条件见 表 1。 1.2 试验设计 试验于 2009—2010 年在地处西辽河平原的内蒙 古民族大学实验农场 （43°36′N、 122°22′E， 海拔 178 m） 进行。试验田土壤为灰色草甸土，播前耕层土壤养分 含量 2009 年和 2010 年分别为：有机质 27.6 g·kg-1、 24.6 g·kg-1，全氮 0.93 g·kg-1、0.96 g·kg-1，碱解氮 53.9
中国农业科学 2011,44(21):4367-4376 Scientia Agricultura Sinica
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.21.005
超高产春玉米冠层结构及其生理特性
张玉芹 1,2，杨恒山 2，高聚林 1，张瑞富 2，王志刚 1，徐寿军 2，范秀艳 2，杨升辉 2
Study on Canopy Structure and Physiological Characteristics of Super-High Yield Spring Maize
ZHANG Yu-qin1,2, YANG Heng-shan2, GAO Ju-lin1, ZHANG Rui-fu2, WANG Zhi-gang1, XU Shou-jun2, FAN Xiu-yan2, YANG Sheng-hui2
收稿日期：2011-01-17；接受日期：2011-04-12 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划（ “973”计划）项目（2009CB118601） 、国家自然科学基金项目（30860134） 、内蒙古民族大学科研创新团队 支持计划项目（NMD1003） 联系方式：张玉芹，E-mail：zhyq369@。通信作者高聚林，Tel：0471-4301057；E-mail：gaojulin@；通信作者杨恒山，Tel： 0475-8314830；E-mail：yanghengshan2003@
