宁波大学考博英语考博真题试题2011年

2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解[部分视频讲解]Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choosethe best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. The man is busyB. The man has trouble breathing.C. The man is out of town on business.D. The man is hiding himself from the woman.【答案】A【解析】录音中男士提到最近在做一个项目，甚至连呼吸的时间也没有，可见他最近很忙。

2019年宁波大学考博英语真题（A卷）(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that (1)________ does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less (2)________ then, however, were the new, positive (3)________ that work against the digital divide. (4)________, there are reasons to be (5)________. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more (6)________, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential (7)________ there are. More and more (8)________, afraid their countries will be left(9)________, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be (10)________ together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will (11)________ rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for (12)________ world poverty that we’ve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to (13)________ poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has(14)________ potential.To (15)________ advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices (16)________ respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an (17)________ of their sovereignty might well study the history of (18)________ (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is (19)________ America’s Second Wave infrastructure-(20)________ roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.（分数：10.0）(1).（分数：0.5）A.divide （正确答案）rmationC.worldD.lecture解析：文章第一句开门见山指出目前存在的信息贫富差距（divide），第三句也“this looming danger”指代的就是这种信息差距，因此可以推断第二句介绍的是这种贫富差距仍存在，选A项。

听力第一篇Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships.Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on most campuses.This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects.It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . ×正确答案为C[A] it is easy to be a college president[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). ×正确答案为C[A] inspiration[B] stimulation[C] escape[D] relaxation33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). ×正确答案为D[A] artists[B] experts[C] discoverers[D] designers34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) ×正确答案为B[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children.[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children.[C] Parents spend too much time watching television.[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the " Culture of Neglect?"( ) ×正确答案为C[A] They can't read or write well.[B] They can hardly find a good job.[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility.[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.第二篇Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led topoor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpretedthese results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflictis________.A) wrongB) oversimplifiedC) misleadingD) unclear注：文章第一句32.Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows________.A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict注：文章第二段33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.A) a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict注：文章第三段 34.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations_______. A) there is no end of conflict B) expression of different opinions is encouraged C) decisions must be justifiable D) success lies in general agreement 注：文章第四段，justifiable合法化35.People working in a not - for - profit organization________.A) seem to be difficult to satisfyB) are free to express diverse opinionsC) are less effective in making decisionsD) find it easier to reach agreementB C A D B第三篇Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science --- for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science---- with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter ---- flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows.Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it be geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should bedeveloping this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed. (293 words)36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will _____.A. work in scientific research institutionsB. work at jobs closely related to scienceC. make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD. be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_____.A. science is linked with many of the things they meetB. science isa very easy subject for them to learnC. they encounter the facts and principles of science dailyD. they are familiar with the process and spirit of science38. Pupils can learn logical thinking while _____.A. practicing communication skillsB. studying geographyC. taking art coursesD. learning science 39. People witha scientific attitude ____.A. are ready to accept the pronouncements of othersB. tend to reach conclusions with certaintyC. are aware that others are likely to make hasty judgmentsD. seek truth through observation , experimentation and reasoning 40. In the passage the writer seems to ______.A. prove that science is a successful course in schoolB. point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in schoolC. suggest that science should be included in the school curriculumD. predict that children who learn science will be good scientists36-40 B A D D C完型填空The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than thoseof other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 56 inthe United States—about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people—is 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriageis 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 59 of American adults who are married 60 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 61 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives. Experts 63 that about the same proportion of today’s young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century. In 1995the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women inthe United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 65 , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S. history. Today’s later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before 68 . Experts do not agree on why the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.56. A. rate B. ratio C percentageD. poll57. A. potentially B intentionally C. randomlyD.substantially58 A. not any longer B. no more C. no longer D.not any more59 A. A proportion B. The proportion C. The number D.A number60 A. declined B .deteriorated C deducedD demolished61 A past B passing C throughout D through62 A period B level C pointD respect63 A project B plan C promise D propose64 A unexpectedly B irregularly C flexiblyD consistently65 A Beside B However C Whereas D Nevertheless66 A descendants B ascendants C populationD generation67 A according to B in line with C basedD caused by68 A and after B or after C or sinceD ever since69 A refusal B realization C responseD reality70 A repression B aggression C restrictionD depression答案：ADCBA CACBB DBACB【19】 Tattoos(纹身记)TattoosTattoos didn't spring up with the dawn of biker gangs and rock 'n' roll bands.They've been around for a long time and had many different meanings overthe course of history. Let's sketch out some interesting anecdotes about tattoos for you now.How tattoos were created and developed?For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians3 were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C.."The Iceman," as the specimen was dubbed, had several markings on his body,including a crosson the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos were made in a curative effort.Being so advanced, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourthdynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art of tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C..Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During the first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers.In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status.Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art form when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian10 that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact, is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which means "to mark."Why tattoo?Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals.In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the person's life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married.Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globetrotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a "China station." At first, sailors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlorswere set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide.In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places full of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and delinquents.How did they do it?In the Americas, native tribes used simple prickingto tattoo their bodies or faces. In California, specifically, some groups injected color into the scratches. Some northern tribes living in and around the Arctic Circle (mostly Inuit) made punctures with a needle and ran a thread coated with soot through the skin. The South Pacific community would tap pigment into the pricked skin using a small rake-like instrument.In New Zealand, the native, using a small bone-cutting tool, would carve intricate shallow grooves on the face and buttocks,and infuse them with color. Thanks to trading with Europeans, they were able to use a metal apparatus and apply more traditional puncture methods.In 1891, an American by the name of Samuel O'Reilly patented the modern tattoo machine. This hand-held contraption21, as we know it today, makes a needle vibrate up and down very rapidly (approximately several hundred vibrations per minute). The needle penetrates the skin around one millimeter in depth and injects ink into the skin at the dermis level.Pop stars have them, as do lawyers, professional athletes, soldiers, and mechanics ?there's no social stigma attached to people with tattoos. Today, tattoos are a fashion statement more than a means of intimidation. And it's only natural that people want to discover how this trend started.Samuel O'Reilly was the first famous contemporary tattoo artist. He set up a shop in New York's Chatham Square and was very popular in his time. Tattoos were all the rage, all the way to the financial crash of 1929. They became trendy in America again around World War II, with the introduction of new designs like cartoon characters. Tattooing made another leap for the mainstream in the '70s and '80s, when celebritiesbegan sporting them.In the last decade, the policy of global acceptance and worldwide communication has not only made tattoos popular, but also omnipresent. With 5,000 years of tattooing tradition, nothing indicates that this is a vanishing fad.1． spring up：涌现； the dawn: 开端起始；biker:<美>骑摩托车的人（尤指属某一团伙者）2． sketch out：简要地叙述；anecdote：轶事奇闻3． Nubian：努比亚人生活在古代东北非的一个地区即今埃及南部和苏丹北部古代努比亚人曾统治整个埃及并创造了灿烂的文化4．这一被命名为“冰人”的标本身上有几处记号5．Crete: 克利特岛(位于地中海东部,属希腊）；Persia：波斯今伊朗；Arabia：阿拉伯半岛6．日本人对这种艺术形式也渐渐萌生了兴趣但仅仅是针对其装饰性而非其神秘色彩7．日本人在很多方面吸收了中国文化规定文身只能被用来给违法犯罪者作标记8．Thracian：色雷斯人巴尔干半岛最早的居民之一曾创造过独特而璀璨的文化如今已消亡古罗马时期著名的奴隶起义领袖斯巴达克斯就是色雷斯人9． Herodotus：古希腊历史学家希罗多德（约484 - 425B.C.）被称为“历史之父”所著的《历史》为西方第一部历史著作10． Polynesian：波利尼西亚人指太平洋岛屿居民11． the Goths: 哥特族（日耳曼族的一支在３至５世纪侵入罗马帝国）； barbarian: 未开化的人野蛮人；pillage: （尤指战争中的）掠夺12． Tahiti: 塔希提岛位于南太平洋；rite of passage:通过礼仪（指为人生进入一个新阶段如出生、成年等举行的仪式）13. souvenir: 纪念品；of choice : 特别的；globetrot:周游世界[globe-trotter的逆构］14. parlor: <美>（接待顾客的）店堂15. underworld: 下流社会以犯罪活动为生的人们16. delinquent: 违法者17. pricking: 刺戳18. 生活在北极圈内及其附近的一些北方部落的人（主要是因纽特人）用针刺破皮肤再把染成炭黑色的线穿进去Inuit：生活在北极地区的因纽特人即爱斯基摩人； soot: 炭黑色19. pigment: 颜料； rake-like: 齿叉形的20. bone-cutting: 用骨头削成的；groove: 沟纹（道）；buttocks：臀部21. hand-held: 手持的便携式的； contraption：装置22. dermis: 真皮23.直到1929年经济危机爆发前文身一直十分风靡all the rage: <口>风靡一时的事物时尚24. sport: <口> 惹人注目地穿戴25. omnipresent: 无所不在的26. fad: （穿着、行为、言谈等方面）一时的风尚。

2011年宁波大学教师教育学院840英语教学论[专业硕士]考研真题
考试科目：英语教学论(A卷)
考码：840
专业名称：教育硕士学科教学(英语)
1.任务型教学、探究式学习和合作学习是《英语课程标准》教学要求下的三种教学方式，请你谈谈对任务型教学的理解。

（25分）
2.请你结合词汇教学理念，谈谈教师怎样才能帮助学生提高词汇学习。

（30分）
3.人们越来越意识到学习策略与学生学习有很大的关联性。

你认为影响学生学习的策略主要有哪些并提出一些有助于培养学生学习策略的活动。

（30分）
4.《英语课程标准》指出评价应采用形成性评价和总结性评价相结合的方式，论述在教学中应如何发挥其形成性评价和总结性评价的作用（25分〉
5.请你以下列内容写一份教学设计，中英文皆可。

新词汇包括：catching butterflies, picking up leaves,taking pictures,watching insects and doing experiment。

句型包括：What is he/she doing?，He/she is...要求体现任务型教学理念。

（选自Unit6A Field Trip Let’s learn PEP小学英语五年级下册）（40分）。

2011年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．“This light is too_____for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb?”said the elderly man.A．dimB．slightC．mildD．minute正确答案：A解析：A项意为“暗淡的”；B项意为“轻微的”；C项意为“温和的”；D 项意为“微小的”。

因此，A选项符合题意。

2．Mr. Smith asked his secretary to______a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.A．invadeB．installC．insertD．inject正确答案：C解析：A项意为“入侵”；B项意为“安装”；C项意为“插入”；D项意为“注射”。

因此，C选项符合题意。

3．We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be______and go another day.A．probableB．reliableC．flexibleD．feasible正确答案：C解析：A项意为“很有可能发生的”；B项意为“可靠的”；C项意为“灵活的”；D项意为“可行的”。

因此，C选项符合题意。

4．The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen______into human nature.A．intellectC．perceptionD．understanding正确答案：B解析：A项意为“智力、理解力”；B项意为“洞察力”，后面接介词into；C项意为“知觉、领悟力”，后面接介词of；D项意为“理解力”，后面接介词of。

2016年宁波大学考博英语真题及详解（A卷）SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)American cities are(1)_____other cities around the world.In every country,cities reflect the(2)_____of the culture.Cities contain the very(3)_____aspect of a society:opportunities for education,employment,and entertainment.They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime,racial conflict and poverty.American cities are changing,just(4)_____American society.After World War II,the population of(5)_____large American cities decreased;however the population in many Sun Belt cities___(6)____.Los Angeles and Houston are cities(7)_____ population increased.These population shifts to and from the city(8)_____the changing values of American society.During this time,in the(9)_____1940s and early1950s,city residents became wealthier,more prosperous.They had more children.They needed more(10)_____. They moved out their apartments in the city(11)_____their own homes.They bought houses in the(12)_____,areas near a city where people live.These are areas(13)_____many offices or factories.During the1950s the American"dream"was to have a house on the outskirts.Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the1950s are now (14)_____.They,(15)_____their parents,want to live in the cities.(16)_____continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt.Cities are(17)_____and the population is increasing in such states as Texas,Florida,and California.Others are moving to more(18)_____cities of the North-east and Midwest,such as Boston,Baltimore and Chicago.Many young professionals,doctors,lawyers, and executives are moving back into the city.They prefer the city(19)_____the suburbs because their jobs are there;they are afraid of the fuel shortage;or they just(20)_____the excitement and opportunities which the city offers.A new class is moving into the cities—a wealthier,more mobile class.1.[A]different from[B]similar to[C]better than[D]worse than2.[A]values[B]worth[C]importance[D]expense3.[A]well[B]good[C]better[D]best4.[A]likely[B]as[D]when5.[A]all[B]most[C]few[D]much6.[A]increased[B]changed[C]decreased[D]lowered7.[A]its[B]which[C]where[D]that8.[A]become[B]reflect[C]gain[D]contain9.[A]late[B]later[C]lately[D]latter10.[A]space[B]spots[C]time[D]food11.[A]buying[B]buy[C]to buy[D]bought12.[A]outskirts[B]downtown[C]districts[D]suburbs13.[A]without[B]with[C]within[D]from14.[A]managers[B]adults[C]parents[D]doctors15.[A]likely[B]like[D]unlike16.[A]Some[B]All[C]Several[D]Lots of17.[A]stretching[B]widening[C]expanding[D]prolonging18.[A]organized[B]famous[C]official[D]established19.[A]than[B]better than[C]rather than[D]to20.[A]win[B]enjoy[C]earn[D]acquire【答案与解析】1.B根据文章第二句的提示，在每个国家，城市都反映着各自国家的文化，此句的句意为，美国的城市和世界上其他的城市一样。

2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷试卷一(Paper One)Part ⅠListeningPart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.You will hear:Woman: I fell faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● DNow let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. The man is busy. B. The man has trouble breathing.C. The man is out of town on business.D. The man is hiding himself the woman.2. A. He has a terrible backache. B. He has a bad headache.C. He has a toothache.D. He has a diarrhea.3. A. It is fast. B. It is slow.C. It works well.D. It is not working.4. A. Four days. B. Ten days.C. One week.D. Two weeks.5. A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a doctor.C. He is a travel agent.D. He is an immigration officer.6. A. Sunday. B. Tuesday.C. Thursday.D. Saturday.7. A. Two. B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.8. A. To X-ray his chest. B. To hospitalize him.C. To perform a minor surgery.D. To transfer their guests.9. A. To go shopping. B. To go back to work.C. To change their topic.D. To entertain their guests.10. A. The man is working too hard. B. The man needs to think it over.C. The man is supposed to find a job.D. The man has made a right decision.11. A. Discussing a case. B. Defying a diagnosis.C. Performing a surgery.D. Talking with the patient.12. A. The woman’s classmate. B. The woman’s boyfriend.C. The woman’s brother.D. The woman’s teacher.13. A. The man is a liar. B. The man is jealous of Lisa.C. She does not agree with the man on that.D. She will surely do the same as Lisa does.14. A. 250 Yuan. B. 450 Yuan.C. 650 Yuan.D. 850 Yuan.15. A. She disagrees with the man there. B. She is going to change her mind.C. It is out of the question to do that.D. It is possible to forgive him.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. Liver failure. B. Breast cancer.C. Kidney failure.D. Diabetes out of control.17. A. Shape, B. Color.C. Price.D. Size.18. A. It is much smaller than a microwave. B. It leaves much room for reduction.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is perfect.19. A. It is under a clinical trial. B. It is available in the market.C. It is widely used in the clinic.D. It is in the experimental stage.20. A. The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.B. The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.C. The federal government finances the research.D. The machine will come into being in no time.Passage Two21. A. Suicide. B. Obesity. C. Turmoil. D. Drug abuse.22. A. Preventable. B. Destructive. C. Treatable. D. Curable.23. A. Combining antidepressants and talk therapy.B. Promoting the transmission between neurons.C. Winning parental assistance and support.D. Administering effective antidepressants.24. A. Because it adds to the effect of treatment.B. Because it works better than the medications.C. Because it can take the place of antidepressants.D. Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.25. A. 65percent. B. 75 percent. C. 85percent. D. 95percent.Passage Three26. A. Helplessness and worthlessness. B. Feeling like a loser.C. Suicidal feeling.D. All of the above.27. A. It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.B. It motivates the patient to work better than others.C. It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.D. It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.28. A. By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.B. By urging the patient to face any challenge in reality.C. By making the patient aware of his or her existence.D. By changing the patient’s perspective.29. A. Those who stop taking antidepressants. B. Those who ask for more medications.C. Those who are on the medications.D. Those who abuse the medications.30. A. Anxiousness. B. Nausea. C. Fever. D. Insomnia.2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案与解析Part ⅠListening ComprehensionSection A1．【A】对话中男士说“don’t even have time to breathe”，意思是“连呼吸的时间都没有”，也就是很忙的意思。

浙大2011考博英语部分题目及答案第一篇：浙大2011考博英语部分题目及答案听力第一篇Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: “One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning.” The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents.One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books.Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis.A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future.Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships.Students use alcohol as an escape.It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus.This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on most campuses.This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations.Nor can it be explained away as an “underclass” problem;it is found on our most privileged campuses.It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime.I call this the “Culture of Neglect,” and we —parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects.It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time.Youngpeople have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families.More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility.Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.31.The main idea of the first paragraph is that().× 正确答案为C[A] it is easy to be a college president[B] a college president has to sit up till midnight[C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus[D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol32.According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n)().× 正确答案为C[A] inspiration[B] stimulation[C] escape[D] relaxation33.The word “architects” in Para.2 can be best replaced by().× 正确答案为D[A] artists[B] experts[C] discoverers[D] designers34.How do parents react to the “Culture of Neglect”?()× 正确答案为B[A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children.[B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children.[C] Parents spend too much time watching television.[D] Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.35.What is the main problem with the children brought up in the “ Culture ofNeglect?”()× 正确答案为C[A] They can't read or write well.[B] They can hardly find a good job.[C] They don't have the sense of responsibility.[D] They are more likely to commit crimes.第二篇Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried.Too little conflict breeds apathy(冷漠)and stagnation(呆滞).Too much conflict leads to divisiveness(分裂)and hostility.Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R.Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations.He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives.Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization.Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture.They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations.Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives.In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms.The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective ofsatisfying constituents.Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________.A)wrongB)oversimplifiedC)misleadingD)unclear 注：文章第一句32.Professor Charles R.Schwenk's research shows________.A)the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB)the real value of conflictC)the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD)the complexity of defining the roles of conflict注：文章第二段33.We can learn from Schwenk's research that________.A)a person’s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB)conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC)different people resolve conflicts in different waysD)it is impossible for people to avoid conflict注：文章第三段 34.The passage suggests that in forfor425B.C.）被称为“历史之父”所著的《历史》为西方第一部历史著作10． Polynesian：波利尼西亚人指太平洋岛屿居民11． the Goths: 哥特族（日耳曼族的一支在３至５世纪侵入罗马帝国）；barbarian: 未开化的人野蛮人；pillage:（尤指战争中的）掠夺12． Tahiti: 塔希提岛位于南太平洋；rite of passage:通过礼仪（指为人生进入一个新阶段如出生、成年等举行的仪式）13.souvenir: 纪念品；of choice : 特别的；globetrot:周游世界[globe-trotter的逆构］14.parlor: <美>（接待顾客的）店堂15.underworld: 下流社会以犯罪活动为生的人们16.delinquent: 违法者17.pricking: 刺戳18.生活在北极圈内及其附近的一些北方部落的人（主要是因纽特人）用针刺破皮肤再把染成炭黑色的线穿进去Inuit：生活在北极地区的因纽特人即爱斯基摩人； soot: 炭黑色19.pigment: 颜料； rake-like: 齿叉形的20.bone-cutting: 用骨头削成的；groove: 沟纹（道）；buttocks：臀部21.hand-held: 手持的便携式的； contraption：装置22.dermis: 真皮23.直到1929年经济危机爆发前文身一直十分风靡all the rage: <口>风靡一时的事物时尚24.sport: <口> 惹人注目地穿戴25.omnipresent: 无所不在的26.fad:（穿着、行为、言谈等方面）一时的风尚第二篇：浙大考博英语实用听力-答案Test OneSection A-Section B1C ／ 2D ／ 3D ／ 4C ／ 5D ／ 6D ／ 7C ／ 8A ／ 9B ／ 10C ／11C ／ 12B ／ 13A ／ 14A ／ 15B ／ 16A ／ 17D ／ 18B ／ 19C ／20CSection CPart A1.a bright light2.face masks3.frightened4.piece of metal5.kind of souvenirPart B6.Italy7.four English victories, four ties8.70,0009.at the 52nd minute10.107Part C11C ／ 12A ／ 13CPart D14D ／ 15C ／ 16B ／ 17E ／ 18ATest TwoSection A-Section B1C ／ 2A ／ 3B ／ 4D ／ 5C ／ 6B ／ 7D ／ 8C ／ 9D ／ 10B ／11C ／ 12C ／ 13D ／ 14B ／ 15B ／ 16D ／ 17C ／ 18D ／ 19A ／20BSection CPart A1.snow showers2.more consistent snowfall3.cloudy4.rain showers5.89 degreesPart B6.at least 324 square miles7.an important earthquakes source8.magnitude, depth, the surface structures9.$358 million10.once every 500-2,000 yearsPart C11B ／ 12D ／ 13APart D14A ／ 15B ／ 16C ／ 17ATest ThreeSection A-Section B1A ／ 2D ／ 3B ／ 4D ／ 5B ／ 6B ／ 7D ／ 8D ／ 9C ／ 10D ／11C ／ 12C ／ 13B ／ 14D ／ 15A ／ 16C ／ 17C ／ 18B ／ 19D ／20CSection CPart A1.on a picnic2.looking for firewood3.slowly as possible4.two small incisions / cuts5.the hospital overnightPart B6.early Saturday7.a merchant vessel8.mechanical problem9.2910.immigrant smugglingPart C11D ／ 12B ／ 13APart D14C ／ 15A ／ 16DTest FourSection A-Section B1B ／ 2C ／ 3B ／ 4A ／ 5D ／ 6A ／ 7C ／ 8C ／ 9C ／ 10C ／11B ／13C ／ 14D ／ 15C ／ 16D ／ 17A ／ 18D ／ 19D ／ 20CSection CPart A1.a cooperation agreement2.broadband communications network3.negotiations and discussions4.technologies, management expertise5.responsible departmentsPart B6.a young architect7.old and lovely8.very frightened9.write his ghost a letter10.they lived happily togetherPart C11C ／ 12B ／ 13A ／ 14DPart D15A ／ 16C ／ 17DTest FiveSection A-Section B1B ／ 2C ／ 3D ／ 4C ／ 5D ／ 6A ／ 7B ／ 8D ／ 9A ／ 10D ／11B ／13A ／ 14D ／ 15C ／ 16C ／ 17D ／ 18C ／ 19A ／ 20DSection CPart A1.write2.a VCR3.purchase stolen goods4.get a bargain5.more theftsPart B6.with an enthusiastic smile7.he gave a lively commentary8.they smiled9.his dream was in jeopardy10.emotional intelligencePart C11A ／ 12B / 13A / 14BPart D15A ／16D ／17C ／18ATest SixSection A-Section B1C ／ 2A ／ 3D ／ 4B ／ 5A ／ 6C ／ 7C ／ 8A ／ 9B ／ 10D ／11B ／／／／ 12C12B12B13D ／ 14C ／ 15B ／ 16A ／ 17A ／ 18B ／ 19A ／ 20BSection CPart A1.swept by emotion2.change a bad mood / change bad moods3.deal with / relieve4.more positive light5.distractionPart B6.a positive attitude7.gathering of enthusiasm, zeal, confidence8.clear goals, optimistic, can do attitude9.the situation, not themselves10.with effort and practicePart C11A ／12A ／13B ／14CPart D15B ／16D ／17B ／18CTest SevenSection A-Section B1C ／ 2B ／ 3C ／ 4C ／ 5A ／ 6D ／ 7A ／ 8D ／ 9D ／ 10B ／11B ／13C ／ 14D ／ 15D ／ 16A ／ 17A ／ 18B ／ 19C ／ 20CSection CPart A1.delay impulse2.children / kids / preschoolers3.two fruit reward4.pursuing their goals5.through practicePart B6.others feel7.subtle, almost imperceptible8.academic I.Q.tests9.reliable networks10.interpersonal skills / emotional intelligencePart C11D ／12D ／13B ／14CPart D15C ／16C ／17D ／18ATest EightSection A-Section B1C ／ 2D ／ 3D ／ 4B ／ 5D ／ 6B ／ 7B ／ 8A ／ 9D ／ 10A ／11A ／13A ／ 14D ／ 15A ／ 16D ／ 17C ／ 18C ／ 19D ／ 20ASection CPart A1.a good name2.unmarried mothers3.teenager drug abuse4.cultural influences5.sense of shamePart B6.to get comfort7.an adventurous and independent woman8.a master's degree in linguistics9.search and rescue work／／ 12A12C10.100 times greaterPart C11D ／12C ／13A ／14CPart D15C / 16A / 17B / 18DTest NineSection A-Section B1D ／ 2C ／ 3D ／ 4B ／ 5A ／ 6C ／ 7A ／ 8C ／ 9B ／ 10D ／11A ／ 12D ／13A ／ 14D ／ 15C ／ 16A ／ 17C ／ 18C ／ 19B ／ 20DSection CPart A1.entertaining and constructive2.his marriage3.in 19654.vigorously condensing / focusing on essentials5.in 19 languagesPart B6.forgetting about calories7.a doctor8.that on the package's label9.25 percent10.a strong willpower and persistencePart C11C / 12C / 13A / 14DPart D15B / 16B / 17D / 18D Test TenSection A-Section B1B ／ 2A ／ 3D ／ 4C ／ 5C ／ 6B ／ 7A ／ 8C ／ 9A ／ 10D ／11B ／13A ／ 14D ／ 15B ／ 16B ／ 17B ／ 18C ／ 19C ／ 20BSection CPart A1.the video tape recorder2.more efficient3.more than doubled4.rising Japanese company5.repeatable and editablePart B6.a dozen silicon chips7.creating the microprocessor8.by advertising in Electronic News9.the heart of computers10.a consultant in patent casesPart C11A / 12C / 13B / 14DPart D15B / 16C / 17D / 18C／12C第三篇：2016年浙大考博英语真题部分试题2016年浙江大学博士生英语听力PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.Welcome to Everglades National Park.The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a goodsampling.Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators.Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.We'd hate to have to come looking for you.You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive!Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.-----文章来源托福听力听力是托福内容，完型填空是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~完型阅读Gold Mankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to workwith;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defended their instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due respect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”PS：听力第一题五个答案为：1.a good sampling 2.exotic birds 3.a safe distance 4.running a canoe 5.a close view2016年浙大英语考博完形填空原文，各位考生可以回忆下你选对了几个~~~~~GoldMankind's fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself.The ancient Egypitains esteemed23 gold ,which had religious significance to them ,and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago.The wandering Israelites worshiped a golden calf ,and the legendary26 King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.Not only is gold beautiful ,but it's virtually indestructible.It will not rust or corrode;gold coins and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries.Gold is extremely easy to work with;one ounce ,which is about the size of a cube of sugar can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size ,and becomes so thin that light pass through it.An ounce of gold can also be strethced into a wire 50 miles long.Gold conducts electricity better than any other substance except copper and silver ,and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to possess gold.Unfortunately ,this longing30 has also brought out the worst in the human character.The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces ,temples ,and graves and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold.Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope.Even today ,the economic running of South Africa's gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about &40 a month ,plus room and board ,and who must work in conditions that only be described as cruel.About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year ,or one for every two tons of gold produced.Historically ,the desire to hoard gold at home has bee primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes ,who have no faith in paper money.George Bernard Shaw defendedtheir instinct eloquently :“You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stabilityof the honesty and intelligence fo the members of the government ,”he said ,“and with due res pect to these gentlemen ,I advise you---to vote for gold.”翻译原文Researchers found that sport shoppers don't just bargain hunt for the best deals, but also for the thrill of it.研究人员发现，“运动型消费者”不仅在寻找最优价，他们还很享受买促销品带给他们的兴奋感。

2014年宁波大学博士研究生入学考试
英语试卷（A卷）
（考试时间：180分钟）
招生专业：__________ 研究方向：__________
考生姓名：__________ 准考证号：__________
考生注意事项
1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

2.答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“准考证号”
等信息。

3.答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。

(1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡的第一页上，要求
用2B铅笔将选择的答案涂黑。

如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

(2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔在答题
卡的第二页上作答。

字迹要清楚。

4.考试结束后，将答题卡和试卷一并交给监考人员。

宁波大学2014 年攻读博士学位研究生
入学考试试题(答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 考码：专业名称:
第11 页，共11 页。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编31(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Under the teacher’s stern______, the little boy broke down and confessed to cheating. (2011年华东师范大学试题)A．glanceB．glimpseC．gazeD．stare正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是glance一瞥，瞥视；glimpse一瞥，一看；gaze 凝视，端详(指长时间目不转睛地看)；stare凝视，瞪视。

句意是在老师严厉的目光下，小男孩的精神防线彻底垮掉了，承认了考试作弊。

所以正确答案是C。

2．To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.(2010年厦门大学考博试题)A．improveB．enhanceC．guaranteeD．gear正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：improve“改善，增进”；enhance“增加，提高”；guarantee“保证，担保”；gear(常与to连用)“使适应，使适合”。

根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。

3．The steam can______ electricity by turning an electric generator.A．causeB．growC．generateD．rouse正确答案：C解析：generate vt．发生，产：生(光、热、电等)；引起，导致(如：The machine generates electricity／gas／steam．A fire generates heat；A good diplomat generates good will．)。

考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。

考试科目:光电子学科目代码：2605适用专业:信息功能材料与器件一、简答题：(本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分)1.为什么光电探测器在工作中会产生噪声？主要有哪些类型？请简述其背景噪声的主要类型及特征？2.什么是双光子过程？双光子过程有哪些基本特点？利用双光子过程可以进行信息存储的主要原理是什么，有哪些基本特性？3.激光通信的基本原理，目前光通讯中主要存在的优缺点？4.简述光纤色散的起因和相关特性5.试从工作原理和系统性能两个方面比较直接探测和外差探测技术的应用特点。

(10分)二、计算题：(共30分)1.已知三能级激光系统(如下图)，其能级间各跃迁的几率分别为：无辐射跃迁S32=5×106s-1，S21≈0；自发发射A31=3×106s-1，A21=3×102s-1。

激光上下能级的统计权重均为3，腔内只存在一个振荡模，不计光的各种损耗。

（12分）(1)说明闪光灯泵浦情况下该激光器的激光形成过程；(2分)(2)请列出完整的速率方程组；(5分)(3)稳态情况下，如果介质激光上下能级粒子数相等，则W13应为多少？(5分)第1页共2页考试科目:光电子学科目代码：2605适用专业:信息功能材料与器件2.一质地均匀的材料对光的吸收度为0.1cm-1，光通过10cm的材料后，出射光强为入射光强的百分之几？（假设入射端面反射为0）(8分)3.在光电效应实验中，阴极板用极限频率为v0=6.000×1014Hz的钠制成，若用波长λ=0.3000μm 的紫外线照射阴极(10分)：（1）能否产生光电效应；(4分)（2）入射光子的能量是多少电子伏特？(3分)（3）若入射光功率为10mW，每秒射到阴极板上的光子数是多少？(4分)三：综合设计及分析题：（共30分）1.试分析光电鼠标的工作原理，要求：(12分)（1）画出光电鼠标的工作原理图或框图，并说明每一部分的主要工作原理；（2）白色光电鼠标点与黑色光电鼠标垫在光电鼠标使用效果上是否有区别？为什么？如何才能有效的提高光电鼠标的灵敏度和精确度？2.火电厂烟气排放是一种严重的大气污染源，需要重点监控与治理。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编52(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.On 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him ______ at the time and which later became material for his books.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.inadequatelyB.systematicallyC.profoundlyD.simultaneously2.In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed______ in Chicago and New York City.(2011年四川大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.homogeneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously3.Are you______when you say that you will help me?（分数：2.00）A.honestB.frankC.sincereD.profound4.It would be a(n)______ thing to find a cat and a dog playing together.（分数：2.00）A.ordinaryB.singularC.normalD.unique5.There are certain ______ when you must interrupt people who are in the middle of doing something.（分数：2.00）A.situationsB.conditionsC.occasionsD.environments6.A boy 6 feet tall and weighing only 130 pounds is very ______.（分数：2.00）A.tenderB.slenderC.handsomeD.robust7.His doctor has told him he mustn't drink, but he still has the occasional brandy______. (2013年3月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.on the spotB.on the slyC.in natureD.in short8.The criminal ______ past a guard and managed to escape.(2008年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.stormedB.sneezedC.sneakedD.stole9.Salt, and not oil, is______ in water.（分数：2.00）A.solubleB.solvableC.existentD.buoyant10.They have been trying to arrive at a practical ______to the problem.（分数：2.00）A.conclusionB.solutionC.inclusionD.exclusion11.Two or three days after the operation Bennett was beginning to feel______better.（分数：2.00）A.noB.somewhatC.anyD.little12.These planes are among the most ______ aircraft now being manufactured（分数：2.00）testB.recentC.sophisticatedD.delicate13.Some people think it's ______ to smoke with a cigarette holder.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.sophisticatedC.versatileD.productive14.She bought various ______,which later reminded her of the trip to Thailand.(2003年西南财经大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.segmentsB.assignmentsC.pestsD.souvenirs15.Future scientific discoveries will make possible the further prolongation of the human life ______.(2008年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.conditionB.well-beingC.pursuitD.span16.Animals that are similar in some ways usually belong to the same______.（分数：2.00）A.originB.speciesC.varietyD.catalogcation should not be restricted to anyone______age group.（分数：2.00）A.peculiarB.specificC.exactD.definite18.Dad just said he wanted a big box, but he didn't______the exact measurements.（分数：2.00）A.defineB.offerC.specifyD.determine19.Moving pictures present ______ scenes like battles, processions, storms, or races.（分数：2.00）A.delightfulB.spectacularC.appreciableD.promising20.To celebrate the national day, there was a______ fireworks display.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.specificB.spectacularC.speculativeD.specialistic21.We had a marvelous holiday. Only the last two days were slightly______by weather. (2003年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished22.Her successful jump brought a ______ cheer from the crowd.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.spontaneousB.homogenousC.simultaneousD.instantaneous23.It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen ______, and it will not be a long process.(2003年西南财经大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.spontaneouslyB.consequentlyC.approximatelyD.principally24.Although most dreams apparently happen______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.(2013年北京航空大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneously25.She______ some salt on her food to make it taste better.(2004年上海理工大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.sprinkledB.sprayedC.scatteredD.dispersed。

Part1：Vocabulary 2008/2009；2009/2010Section ADue to the destruction of refining capabilities by hurricanes, and an expectedly large decline in commercial oil reserves in recent days, the New York market, for the first time, closed on a price above 80 U.S. dollars per barrel on Sept. 13; and hit a new record in the history of nominal prices. As a matter of fact, oil prices have been rising since 2002 at a pace and with a lasting time rarely seen in "peace" time. So, what exactly is behind this round of price hikes?Firstly, an increasingly short supply of oil in the world is the fundamental cause. According to statistics from the British firm BP, the world has been demanding more oil than can be produced since 1981; and the case is still the same today. Currently, oil production in most countries has already or will soon go down - leaving less of a surplus to use - but at the same time, demand keeps increasing. The supply remains tight and prices keep soaring despite OPEC's decision to increase crude oil production by 500,000 barrels per day as of Nov. 1. With little price elasticity from both demand and supply, any trivial event will send prices skyrocketing.Secondly, short-term speculations on oil futures by large amounts of funding also drive prices up. A Citi report in May 2006 mentioned that U.S. commodity markets hold an average speculation volume of over 120 billion US dollars each month, chiefly coming from natural gas (30.3 billion dollars) and crude oil (30.1 billion dollars). The numerous speculation deals have a massive impact on oil futures prices considering the leverage effect of futures margin deals. With excessive liquidity worldwide, funds behind oil futures speculations will remain the same.Thirdly, the U.S. government's pursuit of a weak dollar policy in recent years has also contributed, to a certain degree, to the hike in oil prices. Almost all oil deals worldwide are priced in US dollars; and the dollar's devaluation puts on the pressure for higher oil prices. To maintain an income and purchasing power, raising prices has become a major strategy of OPEC members. According to studies, when the dollar devalues by 1 percent, it causes an oil price hike of the same degree. In addition, technical, meteorological and political elements also affect prices.It should be noted that although nominal oil prices hit one peak after another, actual prices still remained below historical records; and have a relatively limited impact on the world economy. It appears that the present world economic aggregate is much bigger than that during the oil crisis in the 1970s; but now countries are much stronger in their ability to macro-regulate. Developed countries, in particular, use energies less crazily. Therefore, high oil prices now have a much smaller impact on the world economy than in the past. 注：红色字体为2008/2009学年第1学期期末试卷的blank；绿色字体为2009/2010学年的blank；蓝色字体为重复blank。