宾语从句与状语从句
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语法中的宾语从句与目的状语从句一、引言语法是语言学的重要组成部分,它帮助我们理解和运用语言的结构和规则。
宾语从句和目的状语从句是语法中两个重要的概念,它们在句子中起着不同的作用。
本文旨在详细介绍宾语从句与目的状语从句的定义、特点、构成和使用方法,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两个语法要点。
二、宾语从句宾语从句是句子中充当宾语的从句。
它通常由连词引导,常见的连词有“that”、“whether”、“if”等。
宾语从句可以出现在及物动词、介词、形容词及名词后面。
1. 特点宾语从句的特点是:具有完整的句子结构,包括主语、谓语和宾语。
它一般不能独立存在,必须依附于一个主句。
2. 构成宾语从句的构成有以下几种形式:(1)宾语从句使用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在中,宾语在后。
例如:“I know that he is a good student.”(我知道他是一个好学生。
)(2)宾语从句常用的引导词是“that”,但在口语中常省略掉。
例如:“She said (that) she would come tomorrow.”(她说她明天会来。
)(3)宾语从句还可以使用连词“whether”或“if”。
例如:“I am not sure whether/if it will rain tomorrow.”(我不确定明天是否会下雨。
)3. 使用方法宾语从句在英语句子中的使用方法有以下几个方面:(1)作及物动词的宾语。
例如:“I believe (that) he is telling the truth.”(我相信他在说真话。
)(2)作介词的宾语。
例如:“I am interested in what you said.”(我对你说的内容感兴趣。
)(3)作形容词的宾语。
例如:“I am glad (that) you passed the exam.”(我很高兴你通过了考试。
)(4)作名词的宾语。
例如:“He has no idea what to do next.”(他不知道接下来该做什么。
状语从句和宾语从句区别
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
状语从句是用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。
在英语里面从句是有引导词引导的(跟在引导词后面),没有引导词的是主句。
首先说宾语从句,简单来说是原本一个句子中做宾语的地方用了一个句子,这个句子叫宾语从句。
动词和介词后面加宾语,所以动词介词后面跟宾语从句。
状语从句,分为时间,地点,目的,结果,原因,条件状语从句,翻译为当什么时候,在哪里,为了怎么怎么样。
I will build my house where there are many trees.此句子就是状语从句我会把房子建在有许多书的地方。
2010中考英语重点句法考点:宾语从句和状语从句一、直接引语变间接引语1.人称的变化:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
1). "一随主"指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时, 变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.She said "I like playing basketball".She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .2). "二随宾"指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时, 变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.She asked Tom "Can I have a look at your picture".She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture .3). "第三人称不更新"指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时, 变间接宾语时人称保持不变.She said to me "They want to help me".She told me that _____ _____ to help me .2.指示代词,时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this that that those时间状语now thentoday that daythis morning that morning three days ago three days before Last week the week beforetomorrowthe next /following day next year the next year地点状语here there动词come go二. 宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
宾语从句定语从句状语从句的区别
宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句是英语语法中常见的三种从句。
宾语从句是作为主句的宾语出现的从句,通常由连词that,
whether/if等引导。
定语从句是修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句,
通常由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等引导。
状语从句是修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词的从句,通常由连词when, while, after, before, since, if, although, because等引导。
宾语从句和定语从句的区别在于它们在句子中的作用不同。
宾语从句作为主句的宾语出现,对主句的意义起补充说明的作用;而定语从句则是对主句中的名词或代词进行修饰,进一步限定或解释其含义。
状语从句和宾语从句、定语从句的区别在于状语从句在句中作为一个状语,可以修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词,对主句的意义起补充说明的作用;而宾语从句和定语从句则更加注重对主句中名词和动词的修饰和补充。
此外,状语从句的引导词也更加多样化,可以根据需要选择不同的从属连词。
总之,从句在英语语法中有着不同的作用和特点,学会区分宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句的使用方法和语法特点,对于正确理解和使用英语语言是非常重要的。
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宾语从句和状语从句的区别
宾语从句和状语从句的区别:
宾语从句:置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句。
宾语从句的特点:
1、作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2、只能使用陈述句语序。
3、引导宾语从句的连接词that在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,可以省略。
状语从句:指句子用作状语时起副词作用的从句。
状语从句的特点:
1、修饰谓语动词、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
2、由连词或词组引导。
3、位于句首或句中时用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时不用逗号与主句隔开。
区分宾语从句和状语从句区分宾语从句和状语从句,其实就像分清楚“肉”和“菜”的差别,虽然它们都是我们语言大餐中的重要成分。
想象一下,咱们在日常聊天时,有时候说的是“我听说他来了”,这就是宾语从句。
咱们的主句是“我听说”,而“他来了”是我们听到的内容,这个部分就像一块美味的肉,直接提供信息给你。
宾语从句给我们传达了具体的内容,让我们明白“听说”的是什么。
就像我跟朋友聊天时,他们总是喜欢爆料最新的八卦,让我对事情有个清楚的了解。
而状语从句呢?就像是为我们的语言加点调料。
“虽然天气冷,我还是去跑步了。
”这里“虽然天气冷”就成了状语从句。
它不是告诉你具体的信息,而是解释了为什么我做出这个决定。
它的存在让整个句子更加丰富,仿佛给一盘菜撒上了香料,瞬间香气四溢。
状语从句往往给我们背景和原因,有助于我们更好地理解事情的前因后果。
比如说,你在听故事的时候,如果没有这些细节,你就会觉得故事少了点意思,就像吃饭时缺了盐一样。
可能有人会觉得有点复杂,其实只要记住它们的基本特征,就能轻松区分。
宾语从句是用来做宾语的,换句话说,它回答的是“什么”的问题。
而状语从句则是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,回答的是“为什么”、“什么时候”、“在哪里”的问题。
举个简单的例子吧,“我知道他很聪明”,这里的“他很聪明”就是宾语从句,它告诉我们我知道了什么。
而如果说“他很聪明,所以他总是能解答问题”,那么“所以他总是能解答问题”就是状语从句,它解释了前面所说的原因。
生活中,我们说话时常常混淆这两者,但其实它们各有各的美。
宾语从句的直接和清晰就像一张白纸,让人一目了然。
状语从句的灵活多变则像一阵风,总能给人带来意想不到的惊喜。
你可能会听到别人说:“我觉得他很厉害,因为他总是能做到。
”这句话里面有宾语从句“我觉得他很厉害”,而“因为他总是能做到”则是状语从句。
哇,听上去是不是感觉很丰富多彩?要真正掌握它们,得多多练习。
说到底,语言就像个游戏,多玩几次,规则就会变得清晰明了。
宾语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、时间状语从句宾语从句(Object Clause):宾语从句是在主句中充当宾语的从句,通常由连接词引导,如that、whether、if等。
例句:- I know (that) you are busy.(我知道你很忙。
)- She asked whether/if he would come.(她问他是否会来。
)原因状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Reason):原因状语从句表达一个事件的原因或理由,通常由连接词引导,如because、since、as等。
例句:- I stayed at home because it was raining.(我呆在家里是因为下雨了。
)- Since you are not feeling well, you should rest.(因为你感觉不舒服,你应该休息。
)结果状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Result):结果状语从句表达一个事件的结果,通常由连接词引导,如so...that、such...that等。
例句:- It was such a hot day that we decided to go swimming.(天气太热了,我们决定去游泳。
)- He ran so fast that he won the race.(他跑得太快了,他赢得了比赛。
)时间状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Time):时间状语从句表达一个事件发生的时间,通常由连接词引导,如when、while、after、before等。
例句:- I will call you when I arrive.(我到了之后会打电话给你。
)- After he finished his homework, he went to bed.(他做完作业后就去睡觉了。
)。
课程信息【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容:专题(三):宾语从句与状语从句二.重点、难点1. 引导宾语从句的关联词的原则2. 状语从句的连词三. 具体内容(一)宾语从句定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
(二)构成:关联词+简单句(三)引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:1. 从属连词that。
如:He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。
在以下情况下,that不能省略。
(1)Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。
)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
(2)I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。
)对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
(3)That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。
)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
(4)We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。
)鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
2. 从属连词if/whether。
如:I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
宾语从句和状语从句的区别对英语有所了解的伙伴们都知道,宾语从句,状语从句。
是两种英语语法结构。
你知道这两者有何区别吗?下面就让店铺来为大家介绍一下吧,希望大家喜欢。
宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后.1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句.例如:She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句.4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中. 例如:We heard it that she would get married next month..5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等.这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句.例如:I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等.例如:He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.例如:I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.)状语从句(Adverbial Clause)一状语从句的种类§ 1状语从句的种类用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可分为:1.时间状语从句;(adverbial clause of time)2.地点状语从句;(adverbial clause of place)3.原因状语从句;(adverbial clause of cause)4.条件状语从句;(adverbial clause of condition)5.目的状语从句;(adverbial clause of purpose)6.让步状语从句;(adverbial clause of concession)7.比较状语从句;(adverbial clause of comparison)8.程度状语从句;(adverbial clause of degree)9.方式状语从句;(adverbial clause of manner)10.结果状语从句.(adverbial clause of result)§2状语从句的时态特点一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”.例如:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话.(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家.(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished)If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我.(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back)二时间状语从句§3时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time)1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句.例如:When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了.When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁.Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服.You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动.Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑.【区别】when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.并且when有时表示“就在那时”.例如:When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭.(瞬时动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水.(延续性的动词)We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了.While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应).并且while有时还可以表示对比.例如:While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球.(对比)As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后.例如:We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱.(as表示“一边……一边”)As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了.(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句.注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”.还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系.当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后.After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后.主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反.例如:It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了.They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的.After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了.(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句.till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同.例如:I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语.I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止.I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作.Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我.4.由since引导的时间状语从句. since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.例如:I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了.Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了.It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了.5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句.这些连词都表示“一……就”.例如:I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去.The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点.As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话.【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序.例如:He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程.No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了.Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了.He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触.6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句.注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时.例如:By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了.By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了.7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句.例如:Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我.Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了.You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了.8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句.这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”.例如:You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行.I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况.三地点状语从句§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如:句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句.【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there.例如:Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的.They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人.因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎.You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方.Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放.句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句.【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后. 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”.例如:Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员.猜你喜欢。
如何区分定语从句宾语从句和状语从句定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句都是从句的一种,它们在句子中的作用不同,可以通过以下几个方面来区分:1.作用:定语从句用来修饰名词或代词;宾语从句充当主句的宾语;状语从句充当主句的状语。
例子:The book that I read last week was very interesting.(定语从句)I will call you when I arrive.(状语从句)2.位置:定语从句通常紧接在被修饰的名词或代词之后;宾语从句通常出现在及物动词或介词的后面;状语从句可以出现在句首、句中或句末。
例子:The house, which is very old, needs to be repaired.(定语从句)I believe that he will succeed.(宾语从句)When I arrive, I will call you.(状语从句)3. 引导词:定语从句的引导词有关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that);宾语从句的引导词通常是连词(that, whether/if)或疑问词(what, where, when, why, how);状语从句的引导词根据不同类型可能是连词(when, while, if, since, because, although等)或疑问词(where, why, how等)。
例子:The girl who is standing there is my friend.(定语从句)I will go shopping when I finish my work.(状语从句)通过以上几个方面,可以帮助区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句。
需要注意的是,有时候一个从句既可以是定语从句、也可以是宾语从句,具体要看从句在句子中的作用。
当我们学习语法时,我们常常会遇到几种从句,包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和表语从句。
下面逐个进行详细讲解,并给出相应的例句。
1. 宾语从句(Object Clause):宾语从句用来做主句中的宾语。
它通常由连接词引导,如that, if, whether, what, where, who, whom, whose等。
例句:- I don't know what he wants.(我不知道他想要什么。
)- She asked if he could come to the party.(她问他是否能来参加派对。
)- They wonder where we are going.(他们想知道我们要去哪里。
)2. 状语从句(Adverbial Clause):状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词,表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。
它通常由连接词引导,如when, while, because, if, although, since等。
例句:- We will go hiking if the weather is good.(如果天气好,我们将去远足。
)- He studied hard until he passed the exam.(他学习努力直到通过考试。
)- Although it was raining, they still went out.(虽然下雨了,他们仍然出去了。
)3. 定语从句(Relative Clause):定语从句用来修饰主句中的名词或代词,对其进行限定或说明。
它通常由关系代词引导,如that, which, who, whom, whose等。
例句:- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
)- The person who is talking to Mary is my brother.(正在和玛丽说话的那个人是我哥哥。
宾语从句定语从句状语从句表语从句
1.宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词的宾语,起补充说明的作用。
例如,“我无法决定我是否应该继续留在这家公司”中的“我决定是否应该继续留在这家公司”就是一个宾语从句。
2.定语从句:在句子中修饰某个名词或代词的从句。
例如,“这是一个我在花园里看到的令人震惊的美丽的玫瑰花”中的“我在花园里看到的”就是一个定语从句。
3.状语从句:用来描述主句动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式等。
例如,“当他得知自己的朋友受伤后,他立即打电话给医生求助”中的“当他得知自己的朋友受伤后”就是一种状语从句,表示动作发生的时间。
4.表语从句:通常在复合句中作系动词的表语,它通常由一个陈述句的形式构成。
例如,“我认为他是个好人”中的“我认为”就是表语从句。
宾语从句状语从句定语从句的区别1. 从句大揭秘在学习英语的过程中,大家一定碰到过从句这个小伙伴。
说到从句,咱们得聊聊宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句,它们就像三兄弟,各有各的性格。
咱们先来个大概念,什么是从句呢?简单说,从句就是一句话里含有另一个完整句子的结构。
像个小窝一样,装着一堆信息,让你的表达更丰富。
可别小看这些从句,它们可是让你的英语更上一层楼的秘密武器呢。
1.1 宾语从句:直接的表达先说宾语从句吧。
这个小家伙通常充当动词的宾语,听起来很高大上,但其实它就是告诉你某个动作的内容。
比如你说:“我知道他来了。
”这里的“他来了”就是宾语从句,直截了当,像个小刺头,告诉你发生了什么。
用在生活中,比如你问:“你知道她的生日吗?”如果有人回答:“我知道她的生日是六月份。
”这个“她的生日是六月份”就是宾语从句了,直接明了,没啥绕弯子。
1.2 状语从句:给动作加点料接下来是状语从句,它可不像宾语从句那么直白,反而更加灵活。
状语从句负责提供更多信息,比如时间、原因、条件等等。
想象一下,你说:“我会在明天去游泳,如果天气好。
”这句话中“如果天气好”就是状语从句,给你的“去游泳”加了个条件,仿佛给你的计划加了一层保护。
生活中,常常用状语从句来表达各种细节,比如“我迟到了,因为交通堵塞。
”这里的“因为交通堵塞”就是状语,从句就像调味品,让你的句子更美味可口。
2. 定语从句:描述事物的能手然后咱们来聊聊定语从句,它就是用来描述名词的。
听起来复杂,其实定语从句能帮你更具体地表达一个事物。
比如说:“这是我最喜欢的书,它讲述了一个勇敢的故事。
”这里的“它讲述了一个勇敢的故事”就是定语从句,给“书”加上了更多的背景,让听的人脑海中浮现出一个生动的画面。
定语从句就像你给朋友介绍某个新朋友时,提供详细资料一样,让对方更了解这个人。
2.1 在生活中的运用在日常生活中,这三种从句经常混在一起,真是让人有点头疼。
不过,掌握了它们,你会发现表达变得更加自如。
状语从句和宾语从句在复合句中,主句是句子的主体,从句要从属于主句并充当主句的一个成分。
根据从句在句中的句法功能,从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
接下来,小编给大家准备了状语从句和宾语从句,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
状语从句和宾语从句1状语从句在复合句中,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。
状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较(或方式)和条件等类。
详见第十六章连词。
1.时间状语从句引导连词有when,while,till,until1,since,after before as2 soon as。
The bus won’t start until everybody3 gets on.公共汽车直到每人都上车为止,才开动。
When he knocked4 at the door I was5 cooking6.当他敲门时,我正在煮饭。
注意主句是将来时,从句用一般现在时。
2.原因状语从句引导连词有because, as。
He didn′t see the film because he had8 seen9 it.他没有看那部电影,因为他已经看过了。
注意because不能和so 连用。
3.比较(方式)状语从句以than为引导连词。
Jim is older than Lucy(is).吉姆比路希年长。
注意than 引导的比较状语从句中的谓语常省略。
4.条件状语从句以if为引导连词。
If you eat bad food,you may be ill.如果你吃到坏了的食物,就会生病。
注意主句是将来时,从句用一般现在时。
5.让步状语从句引导连词有though,although10。
Although he is young,he knows a lot of things.虽然他年龄小,但却认识许多事物。
注意although,though不能和but连用。
6.目的状语从句引导连词有 that,so that…,in order11 that。
宾语从句与状语从句,定语从句宾语从句一、连词1. 连接陈述句用that(可省略)构成:主句+that+从句(主+谓+其他)e.g. Can you believe? He has passed the exam. ____________________________________2. 连接特殊疑问句,用特殊疑问词(when, what, how many, which等)构成:主句+特殊疑问词+从句(主+谓+其他)e.g. What does he want to buy? I d on’t know. ______________________________________ 如果从句主语与主句主语或宾语一致,疑问词引导的宾语从句可转换为:疑问词+to doe.g. Could you tell me? Which city shall I travel to? _________________________________3.连接一般疑问句,用if/whether构成:主句+if/whether+从句(主+谓+其他)e.g. Are the twins watching a football match? Jim asked. _____________________________二、时态1.主句时态为一般现在时,从句用你所需要的时态e.g. 1.He says great changes __________________________(take) place in the past few years.2.Do you know how many English words they ___________(learn) by the end of last term?3.W hen will he leave for Tokyo? He can’t remember. _______________________________ 注意: 主句为Could I/ you …, 表示语气委婉,是一般现在时e.g.Could you tell me? Which gate shall I go to? _____________________________________2.主句时态为一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态与它呼应(一般过去时,过去将来时,过去完成时,过去进行时, 即用过去范畴的时态)e.g.1. We told them. We are going to have a sports meeting soon. ________________________2. He asked. Can they come back in an hour? ____________________________________3. Mary asked. Have they been to China twice? __________________________________4. I asked him. When will they have a picnic at the top of the mountain?_______________3.从句描述客观真理、自然现象时,用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响。
一、宾语从句知识点总结 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。
一、引导词 1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
例句:He told us (that)they would help us through the whole work. 2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。
在whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
例句:I don't know if there will be a bus any more. 3. 从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。
例句:He didn't tell me when we should meet again. 二、判断时态情况: 1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例句:He answered that he was listening to me. Father told me that practice makes perfect . 三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
错误:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 正确:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 注意:宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
专题一三宾语从句考点聚焦一、什么是宾语从句在句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
二、宾语从句的引导词1、that 无实意,用来引导陈述句的宾语从句,口语中常省略。
例如:She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.她告诉我她去过香港两次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道这些游客来自澳大利亚。
2、if或whether这两个词是“是否”的意思,主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择问句的宾语从句,口语中多用if,不能省略。
例如:He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.他问我是否去过北京两次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑问词when ,where,who,how等,这类词通常引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。
例如:Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?你能告诉我怎样才能找到王先生吗?Please find out who broke the window.请查一下是谁打烂窗户的。
三、宾语从句的语序凡是从句都必须使用“主语在前,谓语在后”的陈述语序,宾语从句也不例外,也就是说宾语从句的语序必须是“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。
例如:误:Could you tell me where is the bus station?正:Could you tell me where the bus station is?四、宾语从句的时态一致1、当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以根据需要选择相应的时态,不受主句的影响;主句为一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态。
例如:I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.我想知道他今天早晨几点钟吃早饭的。
初中英语知识点总结宾语从句和状语从句宾语从句和状语从句都是由一个从属连词引导的从句。
宾语从句作为主句的宾语,状语从句则描述或限制主句的动作。
1.宾语从句:
宾语从句通常出现在动词、形容词、名词后作宾语。
常见的从属连词有:that,if,whether,when,where,why,how等。
例如:
- He asked whether I had seen the movie.
- I don't know what she wants.
2.状语从句:
状语从句可以修饰或限制谓语动词,描述动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、方式等。
常见的从属连词有:
if,when,where,while,because,since,although,unless等。
例如:
- She will go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
- I will call you when I arrive at the airport.
- He couldn't sleep because the room was too hot.
需要注意的是,宾语从句和状语从句的语序、时态和语气等要与主句保持一致。
此外,当主从句的主语一致时,宾语从句可以省略,但状语从句不可省略。
状语从句和宾语从句一单项选择(100分)( ) 1.I usually sleep with the window open it’s very cold .A untilB unlessC as if( ) 2 He missed the train this morning he got up late .A orB ifC because( ) 3 the water was cold , Wei Jinggang jumped into it to save others .A AlthoughB WhenC If( ) 4 There is going to a sports meeting next week . If it ,we’ll have to cancel it .A be , will rainB have , rainsC be, rains( ) 5 Please take the medicine tree times a day . it won’t work well .A andB butC or( ) 6 My grandma didn’t go to sleep I got back home .A whereB untilC as soon as( ) 7 It was snowing hard we had to stay at home and watch TV .A whenB soC but( ) 8 What should I do I want to be thinner ?A thoughB unlessC if( ) 9 Xiao Li has worked here he came here .A whenB beforeC since( ) 10 Math is not easy to learn , we must work harder .A butB orC so( ) 11 You’ll do much better you’re more careful with your spelling .A ifB beforeC unless( ) 12 when the light went out last night ?A What were you doingB What have you doneC What did you do( ) 13 Judy , you look so tired. Yes , I didn’t go to bed it was 12 :00 last night .A whenB unlessC until( ) 14 Jack spends much money on books he is not so rich .A thoughB whenC because( ) 15 John fell asleep he was listening to the music .A afterB whenC after( ) 16 Lily was just going out shopping the telephone rang .A whileB whenC after( ) 17 He was so tired that he fell asleep he went to bed .A as ifB even thoughC as soon as( ) 18 Jim wants to be a great painter . Sometimes he draws a horse in many waysHe is ready to paint .A untilB soC before( ) 19 He was tired he fell asleep as soon as he lay down .A too , toB so , thatC such , that( ) 20 If he harder , he is sure to catch up with us soon .A studyB studiesC will study( ) 21 The dog rushed to the nearest village it could get someone to help his dying owner there .A whereB in whichC so that( ) 22 A: Could you tell me if he to play basketball with us ?B: Sure ! If he , I’ll let you know .A will come, comesB comes, will comeC will come , will come( )25 well you can drive , you must drive carefully .A As long asB In order thatC No matter how( ) 26 Do you have a big library ? No, we don’t . At least , not yours .A as big asB as big thanC as bigger than( ) 27 you come to Guanghan , you will be welcomed warmly .A WhereverB WheneverC However( ) 28 I must go now , it is getting dark .A forB becauseC so( ) 29 I have known him I began to live in this city.A whenB sinceC so( ) 30 We were watching TV the telephone rang .A whileB whenC so( ) 31 Could you tell me ? Sure . She is a nurse in No. 12 Hospital of Huaihai .A what your mother isB what is your motherC who was your mother( )32 I don’t know tomorrow . Can you tell me ?A when startingB when will we startC when we will start( ) 33 Could you please tell me ? I live in Yan’an .A where do you liveB where you liveC where you lived( ) 34 What did your mother say on the phone ? She asked .A why did I failed the testB why I failed the testC why did you fail the test ( ) 35 I don’t know . Can you tell me ? In the school hall .A where will we have a partyB who will give a talk to usC where a meeting will be held( ) 36 Can you tell me at what time ?A the ship is leavingB is the ship leavingC was the ship leaving( ) 37 Our headmaster will give us a talk tomorrow morning ? Do you know ?A what will he talk aboutB what he will talk aboutC which he will talk about( ) 38 The teacher asked the students .A if they were interested in dinosaursB when was Mao Zedong bornC how many trees they have planted( ) 39 My father told me the sun in the east .A riseB risesC rose( ) 40 I’m not sure Uncle Wang is coming tomorrow or not .A ifB whetherC that( ) 41 I hardly understand he has told me .A thatB whichC what( )42 I don’t know he still lives here after so many years .A whetherB whenC where( ) 43 Linda said the moon around the earth .A movedB movesC traveled( ) 45 She didn’t know back soon .A whether he would beB if would he beC he will be( ) 46 I don’t know when he . When he , I’ll call you upA comes, comesB comes , will comeC will come , comes( ) 47 Could you tell me if you to the English party tomorrow ?A goB will goC went( ) 48 I don’t really know .A where should I do nextB how do I go thereC what to do next( ) 49 They are talking about there will be a class meeting next week .A thatB ifC whether( ) 50 She asked the boy .A not play on the streetB where did he livedC if he had finished his homework二完形填空(20分)A young father was visiting an old man .They were standing in the old man’s garden and 1 children .The young man said , “ Hoe strict should parent be with 2 children ?” The old man pointed to a line 3 a big , strong tree and a thin , 4 one . “ Please untie the line ,” he said .The young man untied it , ands the young tree bent over to 5 side .“ Now tie it again,” said the old man , “ But first pull the line tight so that the young tree is 6 again .” The young man 7 this .Then the old man said , “ It is the same with children . You must be strict with them , but sometimes you must untie the line 8 hoe they are getting on .If they are not yet able to stand alone , you must tie the line tight 9 . But when you find that they are ready to stand alone , you can take the 10 away .”( ) 1A talked B talked with C talking to D talking about( ) 2 A his B their C her D one’s( ) 3 A of B both C among D between( ) 4 A tall B old C short D young( ) 5 A other B another C the other D one( ) 6 A straight B strong C tall D young( ) 7 A pulled B tied C did D made( ) 8 A see B to see C seeing D and to see( ) 9 A again B also C too D already( )10 A young tree B big tree C old man D line。