论建筑师的修养

论建筑师的修养摘要：当代中国的建筑市场仍处于摸索的初级阶段，龙蛇混杂，众说纷纭。

当我们的教育体系还无法跟上飞速前进的时代时，当创作源泉仍依赖于翻译的国外建筑书籍时，当祖国的锦绣山河沦为外国建筑师们横行的乐园时，当主流社会唯外国建筑师是从时，当更多的年轻建筑师们艰难地自觅出路时，有理想、有抱负的建筑师通过自身的修养来达到提高自己的设计水平，以期拯救中国建筑的前途，显得尤为必要与及时。

关键词：建筑师、修养当代中国的建筑市场仍处于摸索的初级阶段，龙蛇混杂，众说纷纭。

当我们的教育体系还无法跟上飞速前进的时代时，当创作源泉仍依赖于翻译的国外建筑书籍时，当祖国的锦绣山河沦为外国建筑师们横行的乐园时，当主流社会唯外国建筑师是从时，当更多的年轻建筑师们艰难地自觅出路时，有理想、有抱负的建筑师通过自身的修养来达到提高自己的设计水平，以期拯救中国建筑的前途，显得尤为必要与及时。

一、建筑师为什么要进行修养要讨论建筑师的修养，必先弄清楚建筑师的使命、职责及语言。

使命是建筑师对社会、团体或个人做出的承诺，既责任；职责既建筑师所承诺（合同既承诺）的专业服务内容或项目，既工作；语言就是建筑师所提供的服务内容的产品，既设计。

建筑师的修养便是透过这三个层面体现出来。

建筑师在不同的时代有着不同的使命，因此也有着不同的职责及语言。

几乎自人类出现的那天起便有了建筑这个行业。

从一开始的职责仅是为了遮风蔽雨，到后来随着人类的进化，建筑被赋予了越来越多的功能与含义，建筑师便有了越来越多的职责及语言。

旧式的建筑师仅是众多围绕着皇权、宗教、官吏、富贾、士绅、文人们服务的工匠之一。

那么，新式的建筑师又该是什么模样呢？时光进行到了二十一世纪，人类社会的结构与需求发生了翻天覆地的变化，建筑师所肩负的职责以及建筑师的地位均发生了变化。

无论如何变化，建筑的本质从来，也许永远都没有变，那就是：它永远是一门服务行业，顾客永远都是上帝，建筑师永远都应怀着虔诚的心为顾客服务。

不同的是建筑师的语言更加丰富多彩，更加具有个性，天地更加广阔，任我驰骋。

随着中国的大门越来越开放，越来越多的外国建筑师们挟其先进的知识与技术来到了中国，寻找市场。

这意味着什么？意味着我们建筑师的饭碗正在被别人夺去，意味着我们的主流社会日益依赖于别人的作品，意味着主流社会对自己的建筑师的失望与放弃；这是多么可怕的一件事。

作为一名职业建筑师必须看到自己所面临的前所未有的巨大的挑战与机遇。

中国建筑师在自己国家的尴尬地位，细细想来主要原因并不是技术能力落后于别人许多，而正是由于中国建筑师自我修养的缺乏。

作为一名职业建筑师如何在新形势下给自己定位，是每一位职业建筑师必须从现在开始认真思考的问题，为自己的前途多想一想，否则将极有可能被时代抛向后头。

成为一名职业建筑师也许需要的条件并不高，有了一张毕业文凭算是有了进入建筑界的入场券，有不少人便因此阴差阳错，荒废了一生。

要成为一名优秀建筑师除了需要一生不懈地努力和一生潜心地修养外，更需要一份追求真理的忘我精神。

建筑师的自我修养是永无止境的，是一生不断地追求与探索。

修养不是与生俱来的，而是在长期的工作实践中产生的。

所以修养必须是遵循实践、认识、再实践、再认识这样一条艰辛曲折的自然规律前进。

二、建筑师的修养与建筑实践要做一名优秀建筑师，就必须进行各方面的修养。

首先要有深厚的理论修养，要有寻找问题、分析问题并解决问题的修养，要有职业道德和责任心的修养，要有批评与自我批评的修养，要有脚踏实地的工作作风的修养，要有全局概念和解决局部问题的修养，要有与他人友善共处的修养，以及要有各类科学知识的修养等。

如何学习优秀建筑师的修养，要学其本质，而不是肤浅的词汇与外表。

修养不是一句空洞的口号，也不是外表的包装修饰，而是将内在的充实（自我修养的过程）与现实中的工作联系在一起。

没有人是生而知之的，绝大多数人必须经过刻苦努力奋斗方能求得真理。

职业建筑师要求得进步，就必须下苦功夫，努力提高自己的修养。

牢记修养不是唯心的、形式的、抽象的、空洞的和脱离实际的，修养是实实在在的行动，修养是锲而不舍的努力，修养是苦尽甘来的感悟。

职业建筑师在进行自我修养时，必须与实际紧密联系起来。

也就是说，在工作实践中锻炼并提高自己，并将修养心得运用到自己的实践中去，虚心听取别人的意见和批评，认真分析、研究实际问题，总结工作中的教训，并根据这些来检验自己的修养是否正确。

上世纪初，由瓦尔特.格罗皮乌斯在德国魏玛创立包豪斯学校以来，建筑不再是单一的一门学科为公众服务了，它汇集了建筑、绘画、雕塑、工艺、室内、家具、舞台、装帧、工业设计等艺术形式，要求建筑师同时又是雕塑家和画家。

包豪斯思想的现实意义在于：一、追求艺术与技术的新统一；二、明确设计的目的是为“人”，而非建筑本身；三、设计必须遵循自然与客观的规律。

建筑之最大魅力正在于它是艺术与技术的完美结晶。

作为一个职业建筑师必须弄清楚艺术和技术之基本含义及内容。

艺术与技术之不同在于：艺术需要一份灵感与悟性，求的是心有灵犀一点通；而技术讲究的是准确与理性，来不得半点虚假与凑合。

职业建筑师必须学习现代建筑的设计方法。

必须从哲学思想与科学思维两方面来武装自己的头脑。

首先必须学习现代建筑的来龙去脉，搞清楚现代建筑的真正含义与内容，学会用科学的方法去思维。

职业建筑师必须树立以人为本的设计理念，始终将功能放在首位，体认到建筑是为人服务的基本观念，并以此观念贯彻到建筑实践中去。

职业建筑师必须认真地、虔诚地学习和研究自己的、具有鲜明特色的民间建筑及民族文化。

每一个国家都有其独特的民族文化，那是其民族的精神，没有了这一点，民族便失去了生存的意义，其建筑也失去了生存的根。

一个不尊重自己文化的民族自然也无法赢得别人的尊重。

职业建筑师必须孜孜不倦地从绘画、雕塑、工艺、室内、家具、舞台、装帧、工业设计等不同艺术形式中吸取不同的养分。

建筑师应身体力行，放下架子，自己动手，唾弃“君子动口不动手”的迂腐思想。

职业建筑师必须坚持自己的追求，不被外界所影响，不要陷入应酬的泥塘，更不要被酒色财气拖入无底的深渊。

建筑师应自觉地净化自己的心灵，抛开个人的私心杂念，潜心修养，有空多阅读。

职业建筑师必须养成严谨的治学态度。

建筑师不是纯粹的艺术家或文学家，建筑师必须首先是工程师，然后才是建筑师。

建筑学是一门将社会学、宗教、心理学、哲学等主观意识通过空间、实体等手段，依据客观条件来满足使用功能的一门艺术，建筑师便是从事这门艺术的人。

建筑是一门终生的事业，一门伟大而又艰辛的事业，一门前赴后继的事业。

要想杜绝建筑界存在着的种种不良风气，提高中国建筑的整体素质，必须从我做起，从现在做起，认真思考中国建筑的出路，必将得出自我修养的重要性。

职业建筑师进行自我修养的目的就是将自己锻炼成为一名优秀建筑师。

建筑师如果只有伟大而高尚的理想，而不能脚踏实地地将理论与实践相结合地工作，他/她将只是一个空想家、空谈家和学究。

相反，如果只有埋头苦干，不注意自我修养，则将自己沦为一个平庸无为的绘图员。

只有理论与实践结合起来，才能将自己锻炼成为一名优秀建筑师。

附原文：Talk about the architect's trainingAbstract: The contemporary Chinese building market is still at primary stage trying to find out, the wise and the unwise huddled together, opinions vary. When our education system is still unable to keep up with the era advancing at full speed, as create source depend on foreign building that translate at the books, when the land of charm and beauty of the motherland becomes the paradise where foreign architects run wild still, at mainstream society only it is foreign architect from when,work as by more architects not young difficult by oneself at the time of outlet of looking for , have lofty ideals, the ambitious architect reaches and improve one's own design level through one' s own training, in the hope of saving the future of the Chinese building , seem particularly essential and in time.Keyword：Architect，TrainingThe contemporary Chinese building market is still at primary stage trying to find out, the wise and the unwise huddled together, opinions vary. When our education system is still unable to keep up with the era advancing at full speed, as create source depend on foreign building that translate at the books, when the land of charm and beauty of the motherland becomes the paradise where foreign architects run wild still, at mainstream society it is foreign only architect from when,work as by more architects not young difficult by oneself at the time of outlet of looking for , have lofty ideals, the ambitious architect reaches and improve one's own design level through one's owntraining, in the hope of saving the future of the Chinese building , seem particularly essential and in time.First, why will the architect carry on trainingDiscuss the architect's training, must understand the architect's mission, duty and language first . The mission is that an architect has been already responsibility to the commitment that the society, group or individual make ; Duties have been already the professional service content or project that the architect has promised (the contract has already promised), have already worked; The language is the products of architect's service content offered, have already designed. The architect's training is embodying through these three aspects.The architect has different missions in different eras, so there are different duties and languages . Nearly there was this trade of buildings since that day when the mankind appeared . The duty from the beginning only covered the rain for hiding the wind, got with the human evolution later, the building has been given more and more function and meaning, the architect has more and more duties and languages . Old-fashioned architects are only numerous around one of the craftsmans serving it of imperial power, religion, government official, rich Jia, gentry, scholars. Then, what look like does new- type architect deserve ?Time has gone on until the 21st century, the structure and demand of the human society changed greatly, architect's duty born and the architect's status have changed . Change in any case,, perhaps not change forever in the essence of the building , that is: It is a piece of service industries forever, the customer is God forever, architects should cherish the pious heart and serve customer forever. Unlike this the architect's language is rich and more colorful, have a distinction further, world is wider, let me play an outstanding role in.As the gate of China opens more and more, more and more foreign architects hold its advanced knowledge and technology under the arm to come to China,look for the market. What does this mean? Mean that our architect's rice bowl is being seized by others , mean that our mainstream society depends on others' works day by day, mean the disappointment to one's own architect of mainstream society and give up; What a terrible thing this is! Must see the unprecedented enormous challenge and opportunity that oneself faces as a professional architect.Chinese architect's awkward status in one's own country, consider carefully detailedly that the main reason is not that the technological ability lags behind others, and just because of the shortage which the Chinese architect cultivate oneself. How to make a reservation for oneself under the new situation as a professional architect, it is the question that every professional architect must ponder deeply from now , think more for one's own future, otherwise be thrown to the back by era extremely probably .Become one professional terms that architect need perhaps high, have one diploma regard as and have and enter building admission ticket of circle, many people due to all sorts of accidental mishaps , fall into disuse for all one's life. Except need efforts and training with great concentration of all one's life untiringly of all one's life that become an outstanding architect, a spirit of selflessness of pursueing the truth of the need even more.It is endless that the architect cultivates oneself, pursue and probe constantly in all one's life. Training is not innate, but produce in the long-term working practice. So training must follow practice, knows , practised again , knows such a piece of natural law with winding hardships again to advance .Second, the architect's training and building are practicedBe an outstanding architect, must carry on the training of various fields . Have deep theory training at first , have problem of looking for, analyse problem and solve training of problem, there should be training of professional ethics and sense of responsibility, there should be training of criticism and self-criticism, there should be training of the pragmaticalstyle of work, the training that there should be overall concept and solved some problem, there should be friendly training that coexist with others, and there should be training of all kinds of science knowledge,etc..How study outstanding training of architect, want and study essence its, but not superficial vocabulary and appearance. Training is not an empty slogan, not that the packaging of the appearance is decorated, but the inherent one is linked to the work in reality substantial(the course cultivatedly oneself). Nobody knows without learning, most people must be made great efforts to struggle and try to get the truth diligently.Professional architect afford to require. Remember well that training is not idealistic, the form, abstract, empty and loses contact with reality, training is a true action, training is the efforts to work with perseverance, training is the feeling that sweet are the fruits of labour.The professional architect, while cultivating oneself, must be close and connected with reality. That is to say , does exercises and improves oneself in the working practice, and will cultivate the gains to apply to one's own practice , listen to others' suggestion and criticism modestly, Analyse, study the practical problem conscientiously, the lesson in the summing-up work, and it is correct to examine one's own training according to these.At the beginning last century, by Walter. Groppi dark Weimar found Ballhaus since the school, building whether single one discipline serve the public no longer in Germany then, it has gathered the art forms, such as building, painting, sculpture, craft, in the room, furniture, stage, binding, industry design,etc., at the same time is sculptor and painter to require the architect. The realistic meaning of Ballhaus' thought lies in : First, pursue the unifying newly of art and technology; 2nd, define the purpose to design is " people ", but not build ; Third, design and must follow the natural and objective law .The greatest glamour of the building is lying in it is the perfect crystallization of art and technology. Must understand the basic meaning andcontent of art and technology as a professional architect. Art different from technology lies in : Art needs a inspiration and comprehensibility, that asked is that the heart have meeting of minds; And an exquisite one of technology is accuracy and reason, it is false and not so bad to permit no.The professional architect must study the design method of the modern architecture . Must own head of arms comes from philosophy thought and two respects of scientific thinking . Must study the ins and outs of the modern architecture at first, make the real meaning and content of the modern architecture clear, the society goes for thinking with the scientific method ，The professional architect must establish the design idea that people first , put the function in the first place all the time, It is the basic idea serving the people to realize to the building , and carry out to practice of the building with this idea.The professional architect must studies and studies one's own, the folk building with distinct characteristic and national culture seriously, piously . There is its unique national culture in every country, that is its national spirit, without this, the nationality loses the meaning of surviving , its building loses the root surviving too. A nationality not respecting one's own culture can't gain others' respect either naturally .The professional architect must be from painting diligently , draw different nutrients in different art forms sculpture, craft, in the room, furniture, stage, binding, industry design,etc.. The architect should set an example by personally taking part , drop pretentious airs, touch it by oneself, cast aside the pedantic thought that “ the gentleman opens one's mouth without doing ”.The professional architect must insist on one's own pursuit , is not influenced by the external world , don't fall into the mire treating with courtesy , don't be pull into and have no abyss of bottom by the wine, women, avarice and pride . The architect should purify one's own soul consciously , cast aside a person's selfish ideas and personal considerations, the training with great concentration, have time to read more.The professional architect must form the rigorous attitude of pursueing scholarly work . The architect is not pure artist or writer, the architect must be an engineer at first, then the architect. Architecture is a goalkeeper subjective consciousness, such as sociology, religion, psychology, philosophy,etc. pass the means, such as space, entity,etc., meeting an art of the function of use according to the objective condition, the architect is the person engaged in this art.The building is the undertaking all one's life of one door, a door great and hard undertaking, a persistent undertaking. All sorts of bad common practices that if you want to stop the building circle existing, improve the whole quality of the Chinese building , must take action from me , start from now, ponder deeply the outlet of the Chinese building , will draw the importance that oneself cultivate. Professional architect carry on purpose that oneself cultivate to become one outstanding architect oneself exercise. If the architect has only great and noble ideals, but can't work the theory combining with practice in a down-to-earth manner , the he / she will be only a dreamer, empty talk family and pedant. On the contrary, if only immerse oneself quietly in hard work, does not take care of oneself and cultivate, draftman who became oneself a mediocrity and did nothing . Only the theory is combined an outstanding architect with practising, could become one's own exercise.。