2012年专四语法成分分析题详解

2012专四听写参考答案Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables，and we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are a lot of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more.Although everyone may have a different definition, most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following: first, they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area; second, they should benefit the local people; third, they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.2012专四听力参考答案说明：由于是一次性听力并作答，没有反复斟酌，不能保证答案百分百正确，但是能保证百分之九十以上正确。

2012 年专四真题阅读长难句分析TEXTA1. “Ta”, originated from the Danish word “tak”, was the second-most popular expression of thanks, and is also commonly used in informal situations, along with phrases such as “nice one”, and “brilliant”. 【分析】本句为并列宾语句，句子主干结构为“Ta”was the second-most popular expression of thanks, and is also used in informal situations。

originated from the Danish word “tak”作后置定语修饰“Ta”；along with phrases such as “nice one”, and “brilliant”作伴随状语。

【译文】从丹麦语“tak”演变而来的俚语“ta（谢谢）”，是受欢迎程度位居第二的答谢用语，它和其他诸如“nice one（你真好）”和“brilliant（太棒了）”等表达一样经常在非正式场合中使用。

2. For example, words like “awesome”, “brilliant”and “you star”featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks. 【分析】本句为and 引导的并列复合句。

两个分句的主干分别为：words featured highly in the new poll 和they can hint at both your pleasure at someone’s action, as well as serving to express your thanks。

PART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. It (32) ____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people.Why do earthquakes happen?The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving(33)____ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years. This is one(34)____ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)____ another. Scientists can predict where but not(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed.(37)____，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，(38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____.Where do volcanoes happen?Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin：lava，dust and gases(41)____ from beneath the earth. They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，(42)____ they can be so violent(43)____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning. There are 1511(44)'____' volcanoes in the world. This means that they may(45)____ be dangerous. In 1985 the Colombian volcanoNevado del Ruiz erupted. The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below. Twenty thousand people died. Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable. We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen，or (48)____ where they will happen. In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)____ before they happen.This could(50)____ many lives.31.A.massive B.significant C.great D.grand32.A.changed B.converted C.destroyed D.transformed33.A.frequently B.continuously C.regularly D.periodically34.A.source B.reason C.movement D.cause35.A.collides with B.confronts with C.meets with D.faces with36.A.how B.why C.when D.what37.A.Generally B.However C.Similarly D.Anyway38.A.that B.it C.this D.which39.A.unpredictable B.unaccountable C.inevitable D.irresistible40.A.surface B.appearance C.crust D.cover41.A.flowed out B.burst out C.1eaked out D.trickled out42.A.or B.and C.nor D.but43.A.like B.for C.as D.that44.A.living B.active C.alive D.live45.A.relatively B.hardly C.still D.gradually46.A.down B.on C.across D.beyond47.A.are to B.should C.must D.might48.A.else B.even C.though D.whether49.A.accidents B.incidents C.occasions D.events50.A.rescue B.save C.preserve D.shelter2012年英语专四完形填空答案31) massive32) destroyed33) continuously34) cause35) collides with36) when37) However38) which39) unpredictable40) crust41) burst out42) or43) that44) active45) still46) down47) might48) even49) events50) savePART IV GRAMMAR &VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A，B, C and D.Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him.B.No one except his supporters agree with him.C.Neither Julia nor I were going to the party.D.Few students in my class are really lazy.52.Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?A.many aB.fewC.suchD.the next53.Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A，He promised himself rapid progress.B.The manager herself will interview Mary.C.I have nothing to say for myself.D.They quarreled themselves red in the face.54.My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A.be sentB.were sentC.were to be sentD.must be sent55.Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?A.By now she will be eating dinner.B.I shall never do that again.C.My brother will help you with the luggage.D.You shall get a promotion.56.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.How strange feelings they are!B.How dare you speak to me like that!C.What noise they are making!D. What a mess we are in!57.which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?A.We never doubt that her brother is honest.B.The problem is not who will go but who will stay.C.You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。

2012年全国高校德语专业四级考试总结及试题分析2012年全国德语专业四级考试于6月8日顺利进行。

全国有97所院校共计4691名学生参加考试。

其中，A类学校50所，B类学校20所，C类学校17所，D类学校10所。

（A类为公办本一院校，B类为公办本二院校，C类为民办本二、本三院校，D类大专院校）考试试题分析1. 听写（满分10分）2012年应届考生中：A类应届生平均成绩为5.76分，B类应届生平均成绩为4.03分，C类应届生平均成绩为2.62分, D类应届生平均成绩为1.91分。

今年听写为新考纲的听写试题，全部均分达到3.58分。

虽然相对于以往听写成绩总体有一定的提高，但听写仍然是一个弱项，需要加强。

在命题方面，按照新修订的考试大纲要求选题。

所选短文为两段：第一段（A部分）为完型填词，即听写8个单词；第二段（B部分）为语句听写。

Ａ部分用正常语速念三遍。

Ｂ部分第一遍用正常语速朗读；第二遍朗读时语速略慢，长句分段读，并读出标点符号；最后一遍用正常语速朗读。

基础扎实的学生能够听懂并完成听写。

但如果考生对全文总体把握不够，不能完全听懂，或虽然听懂句子，但在具体细节方面失误较多，从而造成失分的情况。

在阅卷评分方面，完型填词听写8个单词，每空0.5分。

该部分要求考生完全正确写出所缺的单词，有任何错误均不能得分。

语句听写6分，每个错误点计0.25分。

正字法错误及标点符号错误每2个错误点扣0.25分。

累计超过24个以上错误点，该部分不得分。

听写采用“计算错误点”和“累计扣分”相结合的评分方法。

听写原文：A) Füllen Sie die Lücken!Im Restaurant bestellt sie einen Salat, er 1) bevorzugt ein Steak mit 2) Bratkartoffeln. Sie trifft sich mit ihrer Freundin im indischen Restaurant, er 3) mag es deftig. In kaum einem Bereich des alltäglichen Lebens gehen das 4) Verhalten und die 5) Gewohnheiten von Mann und Frau so weit auseinan- der wie beim Essen. Das hat zwar auch mit 6) biologischen Unterschieden zu tun, mehr doch mit 7) Traditionen und 8) Vorurteilen.B) Schreiben Sie den Text Satz für Satz.Männer bevorzugen Schnitzel, Steaks und fette Wurst, Frauen essen am liebsten Salat und Gemüse. Das ist kein Vorurteil: Untersuchungen der Gesellschaft für Ernährung bestätigen in regelmäßigen Abständen die große V orliebe des starken Geschlechts für Fleisch. Vergleicht man den jährlichen Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch vonbestimmten Lebensmittelgruppen, so zeigt sich: Deutsche Männer konsumieren im Durchschnitt weniger Obst und weniger Gemüse, dafür jedoch mehr Fleisch und Milchprodukte, Frauen reagieren eher als Männer auf neue Erkenntnisse über nützliche und schädliche Lebensmittel und ernähren sich gesünder.今年听写试题有新的变化，考生总体成绩有所提高。

2012年专业英语四级语法题解51. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him. (度量衡作主语，意义一致，三单)B. No one except his supporters agree with him. （可采取就近原则，也可和No one 一致）C. Neither Julia nor I were going to the party. （只能就近原则，和I保持一致）D. Few students in my class are really lazy. （语法一致，和students一致）选【C】。

52. Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns （可数单数）and plural count nouns（可数复数）?A. many aB. fewC. suchD. the next选【D】。

many a/ more than one/such a(n)/ each/ every/either/ neither/ one/ a(n)/another +book(单数)。

(a) few/many/several/ these/ those/ two/both/ another two/ a great number of + books。

such a(n)+book(单数)；such bread（不可数）; such books（复数）; no such book(单数) (no=not a)。

the next meeting /meetings(可数单数/复数)下一次会议/随后的几次会议53. Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A. He promised himself rapid progress. （S +V +O i himself +O d）B. The manager herself will interview Mary. (S+同位语herself +V +O)C. I have nothing to say for myself. (S +V +O +不定式定语+介词+O myself)D. They quarreled themselves red in the face. (S +V +O themself +O.C)选【B】。

61
状语从句表原因的用法
62
让步状语从句
63
So I do表示加强语气的用法
64
引导让步状语从句的for all
65
集体名词的单复数
66
固定搭配：on acc名词词义考察
68
固定搭配动词+介词词组catch on流行
69
形容词词义考察
70
固定搭配：be badly off穷困，缺少
2012年专四语法词汇题总结
题号
语法点（有几个列几个）
51
主谓一致
52
such限定词可以放在可数名词单复数之前
53
反身代词做同位语
54
Order引导的从句使用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形
55
情态助动词的表意愿的用法
56
感叹句的用法
57
形式主语从句
58
语法成分宾语的判断
59
同位语成分判断
60
Shall we表建议的用法
77
固定短语：tossed (a coin)（抛一枚硬币）
78
固定搭配: be distinct from与…非常不同
79
句子逻辑语义判断选词：oblong (长方形)
80
固定搭配：have a quiet word with sb．单独或私下和某人说说话
71
词语uncaring (=indifferent)的词义考察
72
四个名词词义辨析：living memory
73
固定搭配：putting across (=express)
74
逻辑语义判断选词
75
近义词辨析：abolished (slavery)（废除奴隶制度）

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句子分析新增题型有句子成分、句意理解及语法功能.一、句子成分句子成分术语： subject主语, predicate谓语， object宾语, dual object双宾语, direct object直接宾语, indirect object间接宾语， complex object复合宾语, cognate object同源宾语， complement补语， subject complement主补，object complement宾补，predicative表语，attribute定语, appositive同位语， adverbial状语， clause从句， nominal clause名词从句, attributive clause/ relative clause定语从句， adverbial clause状语从句，object clause宾语从句， subject clause主语从句， appositive clause同位语从句, adverbial clause of time时间状语从句, adverbial clause of place 地点状语从句, adverbial clause of manner方式从句， adverbial clause of concession让步状语从句, adverbial clause of cause原因状语从句，adverbial clause of result结果状语从句, adverbial clause of purpose目的状语从句, adverbial clause of condition条件状语从句如：Which of the italicized parts functions as an object？A.He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting.B.It is no use your pretending not to know the matter。

There‎are thirt‎y sente‎n ces in this secti‎o n. Benea‎t h each sente‎n ce there‎are four words‎or phras‎e s marke‎d A, B, C and D. Choos‎e one word or phras‎e that best compl‎e tes the sente‎n ce. Mark your answe‎r s on Answe‎r Sheet‎Two.51．B．No one excep‎t his suppo‎r ters‎agree‎with him51. Which‎of the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces is INCOR‎R ECT? BA. Twent‎y miles‎seems‎like a long walk to him.B. No one excep‎t his suppo‎r ters‎agree‎with him.C. Few stude‎n ts in my class‎are reall‎y lazy.D. Neith‎e r Julia‎nor I were going‎to the party‎.52. Which‎of the follo‎w ing deter‎m iner‎s can be place‎d befor‎e both singu‎l ar count‎nouns‎and plura‎l count‎nouns‎?A. many aB. fewC. the nextD. such53. Which‎of the follo‎w ing refle‎x ive prono‎u ns is used as an appos‎i tive‎?A. He promi‎s ed himse‎l f rapid‎progr‎e ss.B. The manag‎e r herse‎l f will inter‎v iew Mary.C. I have nothi‎n g to say for mysel‎f.D. They quarr‎e led thems‎e lves‎red in the face.54. My boss order‎e d that the legal‎docum‎e nts ____ to him befor‎e lunch‎.A. be sentB. were sentC. were to be sentD. must be sent55. Which‎of the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces expre‎s ses WILLI‎N GNES‎S?A. By now she will be eatin‎g dinne‎r.B. I shall‎never‎do that again‎.C. You shall‎get a promo‎t ion.D. My broth‎e r will help you with the lugga‎g e.56. Which‎of the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces is INCOR‎R ECT?A. How stran‎g e feeli‎n gs they are!B. How dare you speak‎to me like that!C. What noise‎they are makin‎g!D. What a mess we are in!57. Which‎of the itali‎c ized‎parts‎funct‎i ons as a subje‎c t?A．We never‎doubt‎that her broth‎e r is hones‎t．B．The probl‎e m is not who will go but who will stay．C．You must give it back to whome‎v er it belon‎g s to.D．It is clear‎that the crime‎was done delib‎e rate‎l y．58．Which‎of the itali‎c ized‎parts‎funct‎i ons as an objec‎t?A．He doesn‎’t‎like‎the‎idea‎of my speak‎i ng at the meeti‎n g．B．It is no use your prete‎n ding‎not to know the matte‎r．C．Her falli‎n g into the river‎was the clima‎x of the whole‎trip．D．My paren‎t s stron‎g ly objec‎t to my going‎out alone‎at night‎．59．All the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces have an appos‎i tive‎EXCEP‎TA．Only one probl‎e m still‎remai‎n s—the food．B．She bough‎t herse‎l f a pair of new shoes‎．C．My frien‎d s all under‎s tand‎and suppo‎r t me．D．She liked‎her curre‎n t job, teach‎i ng Engli‎s h．60．Which‎of the follo‎w ing best expla‎i ns the meani‎n g of “Shall‎we buy the ticke‎t s first‎”? A．He said that we were going‎to buy the ticke‎t s first‎．B．He reque‎s ted that we buy the ticke‎t s first‎．C．He sugge‎s ted that we buy the ticke‎t s first‎．D．He advis‎e d us to buy the ticke‎t s first‎．61. Which‎of the follo‎w ing conta‎i ns an adver‎b ial claus‎e of cause‎?A．I got a job as soon as I left unive‎r sity‎．B．As there‎was no answe‎r, I wrote‎again‎．C．You must do the exerc‎i ses as I show you．D．Wealt‎h y as he is，Mark is not a happy‎man．62. Which‎of the follo‎w ing prepo‎s itio‎n al phras‎e s can funct‎i on as an adver‎b ial?A．Despi‎t e the rain, every‎o ne enjoy‎e d the trip．B．The man with a beard‎is talki‎n g to the manag‎e r.C．Every‎preca‎u tion‎was taken‎again‎s t the failu‎r e of the plan．D．Are you sure of Simon‎'s disap‎p eara‎n ce?63. A: Mothe‎r, you promi‎s ed to take me out.B: Well, _____‎A. so do IB. so did I.C. so I do!D. so I did!64. Which‎of the follo‎w ing prepo‎s itio‎n al phras‎e s is an adver‎b ial of conce‎s sion‎?A. They used the box for keepi‎n g treas‎u res.B. I stepp‎e d aside‎for her to get in first‎.C. For all that he seems‎to disli‎k e me, I still‎like him.D. The paren‎t s bough‎t a birth‎d ay cake for their‎son.65. Which‎of the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces is INCOR‎R ECT?A. New machi‎n ery were intro‎d uced‎in the facto‎r y.B. Poult‎r y are very expen‎s ive in the city.C. The polic‎e are inves‎t igat‎i ng the murde‎r case.D. The milit‎i a were calle‎d out to rescu‎e flood‎victi‎m s.Keys :51．B．No one excep‎t his suppo‎r ters‎agree‎with him52．D．such53．B．The manag‎e r herse‎l f will inter‎v iew Mary．54．A．be sent55．C．You shall‎get a promo‎t ion．56．A．How stran‎g e feeli‎n gs they are!57．D．It is clear‎that the crime‎was done delib‎e rate‎l y58．D．My paren‎t s stron‎g ly objec‎t to my going‎out alone‎at night‎．59．B．She bough‎t herse‎l f a pair of shoes‎．60．B．He reque‎s ted we buy the ticke‎t s first‎．61．B．As there‎were no answe‎r, I wrote‎again‎．62．A．Despi‎t e the rain, every‎o ne enjoy‎e d the trip．63．D．so I did．64．C．For all that he seems‎to disli‎k e me, I still‎like him．65．A．New machi‎n ery were intro‎d uced‎in the facto‎r y．。

专四真题语法分析反义疑问句. 前肯后否，前否后肯陈述句+附加疑问句⼀疑问部分的主语1. 当陈述句部分的主语是everything, something, nothing 等指物的合成词是，疑问句主语⽤it.Everything is arranged in a good order, isn’t it?1-1 当陈述句主语部分是everyone, everybody, somebody, nobody, no one 等指⼈的合成词的时候，疑问句主语在正式语体中⽤he, ⾮正式语体中⽤theySomeone has broken the glass, isn’t he?No one knows the history of this Museum, do they?2. 当陈述部分是there be 句式，附加疑问句的主语也⽤there.There’s something wrong, isn’t there?There used to be a petrol station near the park, ______?Answer: didn’t there?/ usedn’t there?----当陈述句部分的谓语是used to时，疑问句部分⽤didn’t +主语或者usedn’t +主语3.当陈述部分的主语是不定式，动名词，从句或this /that 时，疑问句部分的主语通常⽤it. Seeing is believing, isn’t it?This is not as beautiful as that, isn’t it?4.当陈述部分的主语是时不定代词one时，疑问句部分的主语可以⽤one(正式)或者you(⾮正式)One can not survive without water, can you/one?5.-1当陈述句部分是主从复合句，附加疑问句部分⼀般与主句的主语和谓语动词⼀致。

阅读使人快乐，成长需要时间2012公共英语等级考试语法全解析(一) 人称代词主格：I we you she he it they 宾格：me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y变i，再+er heavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式Most nouns + s a book –booksNouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—storiesNouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watchesNouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoesNouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc.I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he isit’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour7. Preposition: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间：at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter8. 基数词和序数词one – first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long.(3)一般疑问句：Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you are n’t.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.11. there be 结构肯定句：There is a …There are …一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.否定句：There isn’t …. There aren’t….Sit down please . Don’t sit down, please.1. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.形式：be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.动词—ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walk—walkingV erbs ending in e -e + ing come—comingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming2 一般现在时。

A. who B. as C. which D. what 答案 C
下面划线部分哪个是错的？ Despite much research, there are still certain
elements in the life cycle of the insect that is not fully understood.
注意：在肯定句中，doubt后面也可以接that引导 的宾语从句，但表示疑虑较大或“不相信”。
先行词与关系词
The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue.
1. 定语从句中两个非常重要的概念：先行词和连 接词。
先行词：被定语从句修饰或限制的对象，它可以 是一个词、词组甚至句子。
A. by which B. that C. in where D. where 答案： D
“介词+关系代词”的倒装句
They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.
先行词与分句割裂情况总结
1、先行词和关系分句被定语分隔 2、先行词和关系分句被状语分隔 3、先行词和关系分句被谓语分隔（短小）
先行词与关系词的选择
实战体会：
Even when homeless individuals manage to find a ____ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.

2012年全国英语专业四级考试真题详解PART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet One.参考答案：Eco-tourismNowadays many of us try to live in a way /that will damage the environment as little as possible. /We recycle our newspapers and bottles, /we take public transport to get to work,/ and we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables. /And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us./ This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. /There are lots of names for these new forms of tourism: /responsible tourism, nature tourism,/ adventure tourism, educational tourism and more.Although everyone may have a different definition, /most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following:/ first, they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area; /second, they should benefit the local people;/ third, they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; /and finally, they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. The Ethical Consumer Research Association will provide information to shoppers on _____.A. product priceB. product qualityC. manufacturersD. production methodsTIP：选C。

2012年英语专业四级TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS,GRSDE FOUR,2012PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage．Altogether the passage will be read to you four times．During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning．For the second and third readings，the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase，with intervals of 15 seconds．The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work．You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more．Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE．PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two．SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations．Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions l to 3 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the conversation.l．The Ethical Consumer Research Association will provide information to shoppers onA．product price．B．product quality．C．manufacturers．D．production methods．2．According to the conversation，an ethical shopper shouldA．ask for others‟advice before buying things．B．consider the worth of something to be bought．C．postpone buying things whenever possible．D．search for things that are less costly．3．According to the conversation，ethical shoppers can be best described asA．shrewd．B．thrifty．C．extravagant．D．cautious．Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now,listen to the conversation．4．Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Mary?A．She is enjoying her language study．B．She is enjoying her management study．C．She is not feeling very well at the moment．D．She is not happy about her study pressure．5．What does Mary think of the course initially?A．It is useful．B．It is difficult．C．It is challenging．D．It is interesting．6．What is Mary‟s problem of livi ng in a family house?A．She dislikes the food she eats．B．She is unable to sleep well．C．She has no chance to make friends．D．She finds the rent high．7．Which of the following is Mr．Davies‟advice?A．To tryto make more friends．B．To try to change accommodation．C．To spend more time on English．D．To stop attending language classes．Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now,listen to the conversation．8．According to the conversation，the day is special becauseA．many people are surfing the net on that day．B．it is an anniversary of the internet．C．the net brought about no changes until that day．D．big changes will take place on that day．9．We learn from the conversation that peopleA．cannot Jive without the internet．B．cannot work without the internet．C．all use the internet to keep in touch．D．have varied opinions about internet use．10．At the end of the conversation．the speakers talk aboutA．the future of the internet．B．the type of office furniture．C．when changes will come．D．how people will use the internet．SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section，you will hear several passages．Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the passage．11．In order to open a bank account，you need to produce____in addition to your passport．A．a library card B．a registration formC．a telephone bill D．a receipt12．Which of the following might NOT be included in the…utility bill‟?A．Rent．B．Gas．C．Water．D．Telephone．13．According to the passage，what can one do in the post office?A．Getting contact details．B．Obtaining tax forms．C．Paying housing rents．D．Applying for loans．Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the passage．14．According to the passage，…scheduling‟means that youA．need to be efficient in work．B．plan your work properly．C．try to finish work ahead of time．D．know how to work in teams．15．According to the passage, one of the activities to relax could beA．protecting wild animals．B．spending time with your family．C．learning how to read efficiently．D．learning how to do gardening．16．One of the ways to reduce stress is toA．do better than anyone else．B．fulfill high ambitions in one's work．C．work and have reasonable aims．D．start with a relatively low aim．17．According to the passage，to reduce stress has something to do with the following EXCEPTA．one's position．B．one's interest．C．one's health．D．one's mood．Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the passage．18．According to the passage，new words tend to come fromA．world politics．B．advances in science．C．areas of life．D．all the above．19．The passage explains the larger and richer vocabulary of English mainly from a viewpoint．A．historical B．culturalC．commercial D．colonial20．According to the passage，which of the following statements best describes the English language?A．It is outdated in grammar．B．It accepts new words from science．C．It has begun taking in new words．D．It tends to embrace new words.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section，you will hear several news items．Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions 21 and 22 are based OH the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．21．Where was the marble statue found?A．Out in the sea．B．Inside a bath house．C．On a cliff along the coast．D．On the coast outside Jerusalem．22．Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue?A．It was incomplete．B．It was recent artwork．C．It was fairly tall．D．It was in pieces．Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item．you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the news．23．The rescue efforts concentrated mainly onA．the U．S．-Canada border B．snow-stricken regions．C．highways．D．city streets．24．According to the news，the last group of people might have been stranded in their vehiclesfor more than ____ hours before being rescued．A．24 B．25 C．40 D．48Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the news．25．According to the 2006 anti-smoking restrictions，smoking was NOT allowed inA．offices．B．restaurants．C．bars．D．school playgrounds．26．According to the news，which of the following groups reacts negatively to the new law?A．Television producers．B．Hotel owners．C．Medical workers．D．Hospital management．Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the news．27．According to the news，who first discovered the fraud?A．A client．B．A bank manager．C．The police．D．Bank headquarters．28．When did the bank employee hand himself in?A．A month before the fraud was discovered．B．A day before the fraud was discovered．C．A day after the police launched investigation．D．A month after he transferred the money．Question 29 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now, listen to the news．29．What is this news item mainly about?A．How to open Hotmail accounts．B．How to retrieve missing e-mails．C．New e-mail service by Microsoft．D．Problems and complaints about e-mails．Question30 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now, listen to the news．30．Compared with 2009，which of the following figures remained about the same in 2010?A．Number of tickets sold．B．Box office revenues．C．Attendance rate．D Number of cinemasPART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks．Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two．The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It (32) ____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people．Why do earthquakes happen?The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)____ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years．This is one(34)____ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)____ another．Scientists can predict where but not(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed．(37)____，earthquakes do not alwayshappen on fault lines，(38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____．Where do volcanoes happen?Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin：lava，dust and gases(41)____ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，(42)____ they can be so violent(43)____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are 1511(44)'____' volcanoes in the world．This means that they may(45)____ be dangerous．In 1985the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below．Twenty thousand people died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen，or (48)____ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)____ before they happen．This could(50)____ many lives．31．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand32．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed33．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically34．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause35．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with36．A．how B．why C．when D．what37．A．Generally B．However C．Similarly D．Anyway38．A．that B．it C．this D．which39．A．unpredictable B．unaccountable C．inevitable D．irresistible40．A．surface B．appearance C．crust D．cover41．A．flowed out B．burst out C．1eaked out D．trickled out42．A．or B．and C．nor D．but43．A．like B．for C．as D．that44．A．living B．active C．alive D．live45．A．relatively B．hardly C．still D．gradually46．A．down B．on C．across D．beyond47．A．are to B．should C．must D．might48．A．else B．even C．though D．whether49．A．accidents B．incidents C．occasions D．events50．A．rescue B．save C．preserve D．shelterPART IV GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】There are thirty sentences in this section．Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A，B, C and D．Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two．51．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him．B．No one except his supporters agree with him．C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party．D．Few students in my class are really lazy．52．Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?A．many a B．few C．such D．the next53．Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A，He promised himself rapid progress．B．The manager herself will interview Mary．C．I have nothing to say for myself．D．They quarreled themselves red in the face．54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS? A．By now she will be eating dinner．B．I shall never do that again．C．My brother will help you with the luggage．D．You shall get a promotion．56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．How strange feelings they are!B．How dare you speak to me like that!C．What noise they are making!D. What a mess we are in!57．which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?A．We never doubt that her brother is honest．B．The problem is not who will go but who will stay．C．You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。

PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage．Altogether the passage will be read to you four times．During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning．For the second and third readings，the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase，with intervals of 15 seconds．The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work．You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more．Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE．PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two．SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations．Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions l to 3 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the conversation.l．The Ethical Consumer Research Association will provide information to shoppers onA．product price．B．product quality．C．manufacturers．D．production methods．2．According to the conversation，an ethical shopper shouldA．ask for others’advice before buying things．B．consider the worth of something to be bought．C．postpone buying things whenever possible．D．search for things that are less costly．3．According to the conversation，ethical shoppers can be best described asA．shrewd．B．thrifty．C．extravagant．D．cautious．Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now,listen to the conversation．4．Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Mary?A．She is enjoying her language study．B．She is enjoying her management study．C．She is not feeling very well at the moment．D．She is not happy about her study pressure．5．What does Mary think of the course initially?A．It is useful．B．It is difficult．C．It is challenging．D．It is interesting．6．What is Mary’s problem of living in a family house?A．She dislikes the food she eats．B．She is unable to sleep well．C．She has no chance to make friends．D．She finds the rent high．7．Which of the following is Mr．Davies’advice?A．To tryto make more friends．B．To try to change accommodation．C．To spend more time on English．D．To stop attending language classes．Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now,listen to the conversation．8．According to the conversation，the day is special becauseA．many people are surfing the net on that day．B．it is an anniversary of the internet．C．the net brought about no changes until that day．D．big changes will take place on that day．9．We learn from the conversation that peopleA．cannot Jive without the internet．B．cannot work without the internet．C．all use the internet to keep in touch．D．have varied opinions about internet use．10．At the end of the conversation．the speakers talk aboutA．the future of the internet．B．the type of office furniture．C．when changes will come．D．how people will use the internet．SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section，you will hear several passages．Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the passage．11．In order to open a bank account，you need to produce____in addition to your passport．A．a library card B．a registration formC．a telephone bill D．a receipt12．Which of the following might NOT be included in the‘utility bill’?A．Rent．B．Gas．C．Water．D．Telephone．13．According to the passage，what can one do in the post office?A．Getting contact details．B．Obtaining tax forms．C．Paying housing rents．D．Applying for loans．Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the passage．14．According to the passage，‘scheduling’means that youA．need to be efficient in work．B．plan your work properly．C．try to finish work ahead of time．D．know how to work in teams．15．According to the passage, one of the activities to relax could beA．protecting wild animals．B．spending time with your family．C．learning how to read efficiently．D．learning how to do gardening．16．One of the ways to reduce stress is toA．do better than anyone else．B．fulfill high ambitions in one's work．C．work and have reasonable aims．D．start with a relatively low aim．17．According to the passage，to reduce stress has something to do with the following EXCEPTA．one's position．B．one's interest．C．one's health．D．one's mood．Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the passage．18．According to the passage，new words tend to come fromA．world politics．B．advances in science．C．areas of life．D．all the above．19．The passage explains the larger and richer vocabulary of English mainly from a viewpoint．A．historical B．culturalC．commercial D．colonial20．According to the passage，which of the following statements best describes the English language?A．It is outdated in grammar．B．It accepts new words from science．C．It has begun taking in new words．D．It tends to embrace new words．SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section，you will hear several news items．Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions 21 and 22 are based OH the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．21．Where was the marble statue found?A．Out in the sea．B．Inside a bath house．C．On a cliff along the coast．D．On the coast outside Jerusalem．22．Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue?A．It was incomplete．B．It was recent artwork．C．It was fairly tall．D．It was in pieces．Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item．you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the news．23．The rescue efforts concentrated mainly onA．the U．S．-Canada border B．snow-stricken regions．C．highways．D．city streets．24．According to the news，the last group of people might have been stranded in their vehiclesfor more than ____ hours before being rescued．A．24 B．25 C．40 D．48Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the news．25．According to the 2006 anti-smoking restrictions，smoking was NOT allowed inA．offices．B．restaurants．C．bars．D．school playgrounds．26．According to the news，which of the following groups reacts negatively to the new law?A．Television producers．B．Hotel owners．C．Medical workers．D．Hospital management．Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the news．27．According to the news，who first discovered the fraud?A．A client．B．A bank manager．C．The police．D．Bank headquarters．28．When did the bank employee hand himself in?A．A month before the fraud was discovered．B．A day before the fraud was discovered．C．A day after the police launched investigation．D．A month after he transferred the money．Question 29 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now, listen to the news．29．What is this news item mainly about?A．How to open Hotmail accounts．B．How to retrieve missing e-mails．C．New e-mail service by Microsoft．D．Problems and complaints about e-mails．Question30 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now, listen to the news．30．Compared with 2009，which of the following figures remained about the same in 2010?A．Number of tickets sold．B．Box office revenues．C．Attendance rate．D Number of cinemas．PART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks．Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two．The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It (32) ____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people．Why do earthquakes happen?The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)____ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years．This is one(34)____ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)____ another．Scientists can predict where but not(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed．(37)____，earthquakes do not alwayshappen on fault lines，(38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____．Where do volcanoes happen?Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin：lava，dust and gases(41)____ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，(42)____ they can be so violent(43)____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are 1511(44)'____' volcanoes in the world．This means that they may(45)____ be dangerous．In 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below．Twenty thousand people died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen，or (48)____ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)____ before they happen．This could(50)____ many lives．31．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand32．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed33．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically34．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause35．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with36．A．how B．why C．when D．what37．A．Generally B．However C．Similarly D．Anyway38．A．that B．it C．this D．which39．A．unpredictable B．unaccountable C．inevitable D．irresistible40．A．surface B．appearance C．crust D．cover41．A．flowed out B．burst out C．1eaked out D．trickled out42．A．or B．and C．nor D．but43．A．like B．for C．as D．that44．A．living B．active C．alive D．live45．A．relatively B．hardly C．still D．gradually46．A．down B．on C．across D．beyond47．A．are to B．should C．must D．might48．A．else B．even C．though D．whether49．A．accidents B．incidents C．occasions D．events50．A．rescue B．save C．preserve D．shelterPART IV GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】There are thirty sentences in this section．Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A，B, C and D．Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two．51．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him．B．No one except his supporters agree with him．C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party．D．Few students in my class are really lazy．52．Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?A．many a B．few C．such D．the next53．Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A，He promised himself rapid progress．B．The manager herself will interview Mary．C．I have nothing to say for myself．D．They quarreled themselves red in the face．54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?A．By now she will be eating dinner．B．I shall never do that again．C．My brother will help you with the luggage．D．You shall get a promotion．56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．How strange feelings they are!B．How dare you speak to me like that!C．What noise they are making!D. What a mess we are in!57．which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?A．We never doubt that her brother is honest．B．The problem is not who will go but who will stay．C．You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。

英语专业四级真题语法归类及参考答案一、谓语动词时态63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.60.He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be56.Jack ____ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed43．For some time now,world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.A. had been pointingB. have been pointingC. were pointingD. pointed52. Much as ___, I couldn‘t lend him the money because I simply didn‘t have that much spare cash.A. I would have liked toB. I would like to haveC. I should have to likeD.I should have liked to二、非谓语动词：逻辑主语与从句中动词的主动与被动的关系。

专四语法串讲3英语句子成分结构详解英语句子成分结构详解定语| 状语| 宾语| 补语| 同位语| 独立成分| 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析：>> 主谓宾结构：主语（subject）：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词、主语从句等。

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

成分：名词、代词、形容词Five and five is ten. （数词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）宾语（object）：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语double objects-----间宾indirect object（指人）和直宾direct object（指物）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，pass，bring，show, buy, find, fetch, get, keep, leave, lend, pass, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, wish, write。

专四句子成分划分练习(时间10分钟，在单词或意群下划线，写上主谓宾定状补等成分)1.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.2.When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-fivemiles south of London, they were not taken seriously.3.Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.4.As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.5.It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.6.In the torchlight, he caught sight to a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.7.The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.8.The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.9.Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.10.These days, people who do manual work often receive far more pay than people who work in offices.11.People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers” for thesimple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.12.Such as human nature, that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.13.Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.14.When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.15.However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.1.Pumas(subject主) are(linking ver系动) large, cat-like (attribute定) animals (predicative表) which are found in America. (定语从句)a.定语从句：which (subject主) are found (predicate谓) in America (状, adverbial of place).2.When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London (时间状语从句), they(主) were not taken(谓) seriously(方式状语).a. When(引导词) reports(subject)came into (predicate) London Zoo (object)that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London.(appositive clause).b. That(引) a wild(attribute)puma(subject) had been spotted(predicate)forty-five miles south of London.(adverbial of place)16.Paw prints(主subject) were seen (谓predicate)in a number of places(状adverbial) and(并列连词linking word) puma fur(主subject) was found(谓语predicate) clinging to bushes(主补subject complement).17.As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country(原因状语attribute of cause), this one(subject) must have been(系动词linking verb) in the possession of a private collector(表, predicative)and(连词linking word) somehow(adverbial, 状语) managed(predicate, 谓语) to escape(object，宾语).a.As(引导词) no pumas(主语, subject)had beenreported(谓语, predicate) missing from any zoo inthe country(主补, subject complement).18.It(形式主语) is(系动词) disturbing(表语) to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.(真正的主语含宾语从句, real subject)a.that a dangerous wild(定语) animal(主语) is(系动词)still(状语) at large(表语) in the quiet countryside.(状语)19.In the torchlight(adverbial), he(subject)caught sight of(predicate) a figure(object)whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. (attributive clause)a.Whom(linking w.) he(subject) immediately(adverbial)recognized(predicate)as Bill Wilkins(objectcomplement), our local grocer.(appositive)20.The city(subject) at one time(adverbial)must have been(linking verb) prosperous(predicative), for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.(adverbial clause of cause)a.for it(subject)enjoyed(predicate) a high level of(attribute) civilization.(object)21.The temple (subject) which the archaeologists explored(attributive clause) was used(predicate) as a place of worship(subject complement) from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. (adverbial of time)22.Despite her great age(adverbial of concession), she(subject) was(l.v.) very(adverbial)graceful(predicative) indeed(adverbial),but(l.w.), so far(adverbial),the archaeologists(subject) have been unable to discover(predicate) her identity.(object).23.These days(adverbial), people(subject) who do manual work (attributive clause) often(adverbial)receive(predicate)far more(attribute)pay(object) than people (adverbial of comparison) who work in offices.(attribute)24.People(subject) who work in offices(attributive clause) are frequently(adverbial)referred to as (predicate)“white-collar workers(subject complement)for the simple reason(adverbial of cause) that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.(appositive clause)a.that they(subject)usually(adverbial) wear(predicate)a collar and tie(object) to go to work.(adverbial ofpurpose)25.Such(formal subject) is human nature, that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.26.Every morning(adverbial of time), he(subject) left(predicate) home(object)dressed in a smart black suit.(subject complement)27.When the journalist again failed to reply(adverbial), the editor(subject) reluctantly(adverbial) published(predicate) the article(object) as it had originally been written.(adverbial clause of manner)a.When the journalist(subject)again(adverbial) failedto reply(predicate)28.However(adverbial), he(subject)had at last(adverbial) been allowed(predicate) to send a fax(subject complement) in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.(attributive clause)a.in which(l.w.) he(subject)informed(predicate) theeditor(indirect object) that he had been arrested whilecounting the 1084 steps leading to the fifteen-footwall which surrounded the president’s palace.(directobject clause)b.that he(subject) had been arrested while counting the1084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall whichsurroun ded the president’s palace.(adverbial)c.while counting(predicate) the 1084 steps(object)leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded thepresident’s palace.(present participle as attributive)d.leading to(predicate) the fifteen-foot(attribute)wall(object)which surrounded the president’spalace.(attributive clause)e.which surrounded(predicate)the president’spalace(object).29.It (formal subject) has now(adverbial)been proved(predicate) to the admiration of the world and of our friends in the United States (adverbial of manner) that this form of blackmail and murder and terrorism, so far from the weakening the spirit of the British nation, has only roused it to a more intense and universal flame than was ever seen before in any modern community. (subject clause)a.that this form of blackmail and murder andterrorism(subject), so far from the weakening thespirit of the British nation(adverbial), has onlyroused(predicate) it(object)to a more intense anduniversal flame(object complement宾补，补充说明it) than was ever seen before in any moderncommunity.(attributive clause)b.than(准关系代词subject) was ever seen(predicate)before(adverbial of time) in any modern(attribute)community.(adverbial of place)译文一：让世界人民和我们的美国朋友都为之钦佩的是，我们已经证明这种形式的敲诈勒索，蓄意谋杀及恐怖行为，从消弱我们不列颠的民族精神这个角度来说，恰恰激发了它，使之高涨成在现代任何国度都不曾目睹过的势头强劲的燎原之火。