新发展大学英语阅读与写作3unit2的课文翻译

新发展大学英语阅读与写作3课文翻译VAGUE THOUGHTSON ART模糊思考艺术VAGUE THOUGHTS ON ARTArt is that imaginative expression of human energy, which, through technical concretion of feeling and perception, tends to reconcile the individual with the universal, by exciting in him impersonal emotion. And the greatest Art is thatwhich excites the greatest impersonal emotion in an hypothecated perfect human being.Impersonal emotion! And what--I thought do I mean by that? Surely I mean: That is not Art, which, while I, am contemplating it, inspires me with any active or directive impulse; that is Art, when, for however brief a moment, it replaceswithin me interest in myself by interest in itself. For, let me suppose myself in the presence of a carved marble bath. If my thoughts be "What could I buy that for?" Impulse of acquisition; or: "From what quarry did it come?" Impulse of inquiry; or: "Which would be the right end for my head?" Mixed impulse of inquiry and acquisition--I am at that moment insensible to it as a work of Art. But, if I stand before it vibratingat sight of its colour and forms, if ever so little and for ever soshort a time, unhaunted by any definite practical thought or impulse--to that extent and for that moment it has stolen me away out of myself and put itself there instead; has linked me to theuniversal by making me forget the individual in me. And for that moment, and only while that moment lasts, it is to me a work of Art. The word "impersonal," then, isbut used in this my definition to signify momentary forgetfulness of one's own personality and its active wants.So Art--I thought--is that which, heard, read, or looked on, while producing no directive impulse, warms one with unconscious vibration. Nor can I imagine any means of defining what is the greatest Art, without hypothecating a perfect human being. But since we shall never see, or know if we do see, that desirable creature--dogmatism is banished, "Academy" is dead to the discussion, deader than even Tolstoy left it after his famous treatise "What is Art?" For, having destroyed all the old Judges and Academies, Tolstoy, by saying that the greatest Art was that which appealed to the greatest number of living human beings, raised up the masses of mankind to be a definite new Judge orAcademy, as tyrannical and narrow as ever were those whom he had destroyed.This, at all events--I thought is as far as I dare go in defining what Art is. But let me try to make plain to myself what is the essential quality that gives to Art the power of exciting this unconscious vibration, this impersonal emotion. It has been called Beauty! An awkward word--a perpetual begging of the question; too current in use, too ambiguous altogether; now too narrow, now too wide--a word, in fact, too glib to know at all what it means. And how dangerous a word--often misleading us into slabbing with extraneous floridities what would otherwise, on its own plane, be Art! To be decorative where decoration is not suitable, to be lyrical wherelyricism is out of place, is assuredly to spoil Art, not to achieve it. But this essential quality of Art has also, and more happily, beencalled Rhythm. And, what is Rhythm if not that mysterious harmony between part and part, and part and whole, which gives what is called life; thatexact proportion, the mystery of which is best grasped in observing how life leaves an animate creature when the essentialrelation of part to whole has been sufficiently disturbed. And I agree that this rhythmic relation of part to part, and part to whole--in short, vitality--is the one quality inseparable from a work of Art. For nothing which does not seem to a man possessed of this rhythmic vitality, can ever steal him out of himself.And having got thus far in my thoughts, I paused, watching the swallows; for they seemed to me the symbol, in their swift, sure curvetting, all daring and balance and surprise, of the delicate poise and motion of Art, that visits no two men alike, in a world where no two things of all the things there be, are quite the same.Yes--I thought--and this Art is the one form of human energy in the whole world, which really works for union, and destroys the barriers between man and man. It is the continual, unconscious replacement, however fleeting, of oneself by another; the real cement of human life; the everlasting refreshment and renewal. For, what is grievous, dompting, grim, about our lives is that we are shut up within ourselves, with an itch to get outside ourselves. And to be stolen away from ourselves by Art is a momentary relaxation from that itching, a minute's profound,and as it were secret, enfranchisement. The active amusements and relaxations of life can only rest certain of our faculties, by indulging others; the whole self is never rested save through that unconsciousness of self, which comes through rapt contemplation of Nature or of Art.Yes, Art is the great and universal refreshment. For Art is never dogmatic; holds no brief for itself you may take it or you may leave it. It does not force itself rudely where it is not wanted. It is reverent to all tempers, to all points of view. But it is wilful-- the very wind in the comings and goings of its influence, an uncapturable fugitive, visiting our hearts at vagrant, sweet moments; since we often stand even before the greatest works of Art without being able quite to lose ourselves! That restful oblivion comes, we never quite know when--and it is gone! But when it comes, it is a spirit hovering with cool wings, blessing us from least to greatest, according to our powers; a spirit deathless and varied as human life itself.模糊思考艺术艺术是富有想象力的表达人类的能源,通过感觉和知觉的技术结核,趋向于协调个人与宇宙,在他没有人情味的情感通过刺激。

新标准大学英语3课文翻译Unit 1 Friendship。

Part I Pre-reading Task。

1. The text is about friendship and the importance of friendship in our lives.2. The text is likely to discuss the qualities of a good friend and the benefits of having good friends.3. I think the text will be interesting and informative, and it will provide insights into the value of friendship.Part II Text A。

Friendship。

Friendship is one of the most precious things in our lives. It is a relationship that brings joy and support, and it is something that many people cherish deeply. Friends are the people we can rely on, share our thoughts and feelings with, and have fun with. A good friend is someone who is there for you in times of need, who listens to you without judgment, and who understands you even when you don't say a word.Part III Text B。

A house isn't a home without clutter（房子是不是没有杂乱的家）Suddenly everybody is worried about clutter. There are books, magazine articles, TV shows, and even PTA discussion groups about how to get rid of clutter.Well, I think people should calm down, because if you stop to think about clutter, you realize that a house without clutter is absolutely boring.Take, for example, the showcase house I toured recently. Every year, our local interior decorators work for months painting and papering and creating glamorous rooms in a beautiful big house. But when they finish, the house seems as stiff and artificial as a museum. No one would ever want to live there, in my opinion, because it's totally unhomey. It's a perfect example of a house without clutter.So after I got home from viewing the latest effort, I began to think about what could be done to make that lovely house feel like a nice cozy home. To help the decorators of the future, I've madea list of suggestions:1. I think they should put a big stack of newspapers and magazines beside the overstuffed chair in the living room – old ones, worn and dog-eared.At our house, old papers and magazines I can't bear to throw away can always be found in the living room because I'm absolutely certain they contain things I'll need to know. Someday.2. All those big, green, healthy plants in various corners around that decorator house aren't homey. To be honest, I think they are showoffish. They make me feel uncomfortable. It would help if some of those plants were wilted and scraggly – as though someone had forgotten to water them. They would be much more realistic that way.3. The dining room table shouldn't be too bare. At our house, we eat mostly in the kitchen, so the dining room table is where everybody puts things they don't know what else to do with and where everybody looks when they're searching for something they can't find – such as an overdue library book or the invitation to Cousin Karen's wedding or the recipe for Martha Stewart's six-layer Crimson Christmas Cake that I'd planned to bake last December before time ran out.And where would the extra set of car keys be if it wasn't on the dining room table? To make a house look like a home, the decorators should clutter up the dining room table with a few odds and ends.4. There is something about a refrigerator door without magnets, notes, photos, clippings, and invitations that is downright depressing. It gives you the feeling that life is dull for the folks who live there. Refrigerator doors should definitely be covered with things that make you feel that life is stimulating and exciting.5. The desk in the den is too tidy. The decorators should scatter a few bills on it, some letters waiting to be answered, a report card, and maybe even a few motivational mottoes such as "Snap out of it" and "Don't whine."6. If I were an interior decorator, I'd really work on that teenager's room. It's much too neat and clean. I'd toss a few candy wrappers around on the floor, rumple up the bedclothes, and throw some dirty gym shoes in the corner. A teenager's room without clutter is definitely not homey.7. In the laundry room, I would set up the ironing board and leave it. I realize there are some women who fold up their ironing boards each time they finish using them, but I don't believe in folding up ironing boards; I think it's a waste of time. You know you're going to be using it again soon.And I'd suggest they add a clothes basket heaped with clean laundry waiting to be folded. Laundry rooms look peculiar without clothes that need to be folded.8. I'd also scatter a few empty soda cans here and there around the house in unexpected places. I'm always finding empty soda cans on the mantel or behind the sofa or even in the shower. I suspect other people do, too.Thoreau said (I'm almost certain it was Thoreau): "You should decorate a house by living in it." All of us could definitely learn a thing or two from Thoreau (or whoever) about making housesfeel homey – with clutter.突然，大家都担心杂乱。

Of Course You’re Creative1对于我们很多人来说，“创造性”一词的周围有一堵墙，我们却在墙外边。

我们会申辩说，我们没有那份天赋，创造性非天才们莫属。

2但是，创造性并非是少数天之骄子才有的特殊天赋，或者是那种一个人要么有、要么没的灵光乍现。

在我所认识的最具创造性的人中有一位老妇人，她生活在加利福尼亚州一个偏僻的牧羊场内。

她是智利人，16 岁时嫁给一位美国船长，移居到了丈夫的国度，学会了他的语言。

她在那个偏僻且薄雾缭绕的海岸上安了家，过上了日子，创建了一片精神和经商兼顾的产业。

她买卖土地，接生孩子，在剪羊毛的时节得给30 个男人做饭。

她生了 5 个孩子，教他们读书、写字、骑马，还教他们在海洋里像海豹那样舒适自在地游泳。

看到她90 高龄还能爬到屋后的山丘上去看日落的海景，你会心潮澎拜、叹服不已。

3除了出于需要、爱心和巨大的勇气而自学的那点知识，她是个没有接受过多少教育的女人。

但是，她从不辜负自己并且还总能超越一点，因而明白了自己是个什么样的人，并将之自如地应用于自己和他人——那便是创造力。

4如果把创造力想象成是随便发生的事那就错了。

创造的能力是人类固有的，但是运用这种能力是件艰苦的工作。

那不是作为嗜好或是通过“上上课”、“忙个不停”就能做到的。

创造性是带有方向性的工作，是朝着某个理想做出的持续努力。

5当代天文学之父威廉姆·赫歇耳爵士着手制作世界上最精密的望远镜时，他得先学习如何磨制镜片、如何给镜片泡光。

虽然经过数月的努力，他的第一块镜片仍不完美。

他尝试了两百次才制作出一架自己满意的望远镜。

勃拉姆斯花了近20 年的时间才创作出他的《第一交响乐》。

6我们也许没有造桥、写诗或发现新星的天赋，但如果我们不想浅薄地活着，想过富有创造性的生活，我们就必须工作、再工作，以展示自己如何理解活着的意义。

工作本身可能很平凡，但是如果它能激发快乐、好奇心、创新发明，那么我们运用的力量就与天才无异。

SUPERMAN超人1. The year the war began I was in the fifth grade at the Annie F. Warren Grammar School in Winthrop, and that was the winter I won the prize for drawing thebest Civil Defense signs. That was also the winter of Paula Brown's new snowsuit,and even now, 13 years later, I can recall the changing colors of those days, clearand definite as a pattern seen through a kaleidoscope.战争爆发的那一年，我在温斯罗普的安妮·F.沃伦文法学校读五年级，那年冬天我获得了民防图标设计赛冠军。

也就是在那个冬天，波拉·布朗买了新的防雪服，即便是13年后的今天，我仍然能清晰地记起那些精彩纷呈的日子，它们历历在目，犹如万花筒里看到的图案那样色彩斑斓。

2. I lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, opposite the Logan Airport,and before I went to bed each night, I used to kneel by the west windowof my room and look over the lights of Boston that blazed and blinked far off acrossthe darkening water. The sunset flaunted its pink flag above the airport, and thesound of waves was lost in the perpetual droning of the planes. I marveled at themoving beacons on the runway and watched, until it grew completely dark, the flashingred and green lights that rose and set in the sky like shooting stars. The airportwas my Mecca, my Jerusalem. All night I dreamed of flying.我的家位于城里靠海湾的一侧，在洛根机场对面的约翰逊大道上。

Cultural Childhoods不同文化的童年1 When I look back on my own childhood in the 1970s and 1980s and compare it with children today, it reminds me of that famous sentence "The past is a foreign country: They do things differently there" (from L. P. Hartley's novel The Go-Between). Even in a relatively short period of time, I can see the enormous transformations that have taken place in children's lives and in the ways they arethought about and treated.每当我回顾20世纪七八十年代我的童年时光，并将它与现在孩子的童年相比较时，就会想起句名言：“往昔是异国他乡，那里有着不同的习俗”（可参见L.P.哈特利的小说《传信人》）。

甚至在相对短暂的一段时间内，我也能够察觉到儿童的生活以及人们对待儿童的方式上所经历的巨大变化。

2.Looking further back I can see vast differences between contemporary and historical childhoods. T oday, children have few responsibilities, their lives are characterized by play not work, school not paid labour, family rather than public life and consumption instead of production. Yet this is all relatively recent. A hundred years ago, a 12 year old working in a factory would have been perfectly acceptable. Now, it would cause social services' intervention and the prosecution of both parents and factory owner.回顾更久远的岁月，我可以看到现在和古代童年生活的巨大差别。

全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）第三册课后翻译和作⽂原⽂段落Unit 1I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.? The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.? Unit 2Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom.? In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it's about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories.Unit 3It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. any suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.? It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.? The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.??Unit 4He had impressive powers of concentration.Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled "...even when there wasa lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up apen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on thebackrest and engross himself in a problem so much thatthe background noise stimulated rather than disturbedhim."Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishlymore so than his peers. "I have no special talents," heclaimed, "I am only passionately curious." And again:"The contrast between the popular assessment of mypowers ... and the reality is simply grotesque." Einsteincredited his discoveries to imagination and peskyquestioning more so than orthodox intelligence.Unit 5The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a"simple, old-fashioned principal" had ended withschools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt. "I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right," he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.? A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her "settin' down" some letter to relatives. Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours. I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me -- whom she used to diaper!?Unit 6Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a long, white beard curling down over his chest. Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art. For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dag to the two young artists in the studio above.? Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy’s fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes, plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.Unit 7His mind was trapped in a body that didn't work. Speaking was difficult and took time. People were impatient and didn't listen. He felt different -- was different -- from the kids who rushed about in the halls and planned dances he would never attend.? What could his future be? Porter wanted to do something and his mother was certain that he could rise above his limitations. With her encouragement, he applied for a job with the Fuller Brush Co. only to be turned down. He couldn't carry a product briefcase or walk a route, they said.? Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman. He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper. When he saw one for Watkins, a company that sold household products door-to-door, his mother set up a meeting with a representative. The man said no, but Porter wouldn't listen. He just wanted a chance. The man gave in and offered Porter a section of the city that no salesman wanted.?句⼦翻译1.We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor.我们的计算机系统出了⽑病，但我觉得问题⽐较⼩。

4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invading my dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand planes.我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。

当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始了。

超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。

他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我住在一起。

What Is a Scientific Theory?In order to talk the mature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a a theory is just a model of the universe, of a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make, It exists only in our minds an does not have any other reality (whatever that night mean). A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. For exampl e, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motions of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments, agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. As philosopher of science Karl Popper has emphasized, a good theory is characterized by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that could in principle be disproved or falsified by observation. Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory survives, and our confidence in it is increased; but if ever a new observation is found to disagree, we have to abandon or modify the theory. At least that is what is supposed to happen, but you can always question the competence of the person who carried out the observation.In practice, what often happens is that a new theory is devised that is really an extension of the previous theory. For example, very accurate observations of the planet Mercury revealed a small difference between its motion and the predictions of Newton’s theory of gravity. Einstein’s general theory of relativity predicted a slightly different motion from Newton’s theory. The fact that Einstein’s predictions matched what was seen, while Newton’s did not, was one of the crucial confirmations of the new theory. However, we still use Newton’s theory for all practical purposes because the difference between its predictions and those of general relativity is very small in the situations that we normally deal with. (Newton’s theory also has the great advantage that it is much simpler to work with than Einstein’s!)The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. (If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time.) Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for meta-physics of religion. They would say that God, being omnipotent, could have made it develop in a company way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.It turns out to be very difficult to device a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the past. The classic example again is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.Today scientists describe the universe in terms of two basic partial theories –the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe, that is , the structure on scales from only a few miles to as large as a million million million (1 with zeros after it) miles, the size of the observable universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena ion extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other – they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.o什么是科学理论?为了谈宇宙的成熟和讨论这样的问题是否有一个开始或结束,你必须清楚科学理论是什么。