英美文学第11章--Charles Dickens

英美文学知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新山东第一医科大学第一章测试1.The spirit of Renaissance is ultimately expressed by the intellectualmovement called （）.参考答案:humanism2.The word “Renaissance” means （）.参考答案:revival3.（） is not among the four great tragedies created by William Shakespeare.参考答案:The Merchant of Venice4.The Hamlet is the best work of William Shakespeare. （）参考答案:错5.Hamlet is a typical conservative prince. （）参考答案:错1.（）Satan is the most well-developed character in Paradise Lost参考答案:Satan2.Paradise Lost is a long epic in （） books.参考答案:123.Paradise Lost is an orthodox poem. （）参考答案:错4.Paradise Lost is widely regarded as the greatest epic poem in English.（）参考答案:对5.（） gains entrance into the Garden of Eden, where he finds Adam and Eveand becomes jealous of them.参考答案:Satan1.Shelley recognized （）as “the most perfect of my products.”参考答案:Prometheus Unbound2.The writing of Prometheus Unbound was inspired by （）’s PrometheusBound.参考答案:Aeschylus3.Percy Bysshe Shelley was in Italy when he heard the news of the PeterlooMassacre. He immediately responded by writing The Mask of Anarchy. （）参考答案:对4.Shelley, Byron and Keats are regarded as the three great poets of therevolutionary romanticism in England. （）参考答案:对5.Prometheus Unbound is a five-act lyrical drama, a closet drama. （）参考答案:错1.Victorian Period is the Age of prosperity and progress. It is the richest andmost powerful age of Britain. During this period British society had become the 1st urban and industrial one in the world. （）参考答案:对2.Who coined the expression “survival of the fittest”?（）。

Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. 1.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. 2.the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。

3. 3.Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see thathuman beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。

4. 4.Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the Englishhumanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5. 5.Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。

Chapter 11 Naturalism1. Background: influence of French naturalist: Emile Zola (1840-1902), Flaubert, Charles Darwin: origin of species, the natural selection, survival of the fittest, the struggleHerbert Spencer : social Darwinism2.Definition: application of the principles of scientific determinism to fiction, special form of realism from thelast decade of the 19th century to 1930s, important branch of realismSimilarity with realism: truthful to life, difference: selective of materials to scientific theory; the violent, sensational, sordid, unpleasant, and ugly aspects of life3.: Main features:A. human beings animals, controlled by laws of heredity and environmentB. cold universe, godless, indifferent, hostile4. Main Writers1) Stephen Crane (1871-1900)A. Life: New Jersey, pastor, 14th child, father dies in 1880, supports family by educated mother by writingabout religious activities, insane in 1886 and dies in 1891, taken care by brothers and sisters, 2 years’ higher education, journalist in New York, to Cuba, health destroyed, live in the U. kB. Literary career: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893), The Red Badge of Courage (1895), George’s Mother(1896), The Open Boat海上扁舟(1897), The monster and Other Stories怪物及其它短篇小说(1899) collection of Poems: The Black Riders (1895), War is Kind (1899)Maggie: A Girl of the Streets: praised by W. D. Howells and H. Garland, Maggie: daughter of the Johnsons in the slum of New York, worker, Peter: waiter, seduces, refused to home, prostitute, drownedGeorge’s M other: young worker George, with widowed mother, lured by luxurious life, enrages mother, and ill and diesThe Red Badge of Courage: the American Civil War, Henry Fleming, ridiculous war, impressionism, compact structure and rich imaginationC．Style: simple but powerful, colloquial language, influence on Hemingway, Fitsgerald, and Faulkner2) Frank Norris (1870-1902): Father of American Naturalism, transition from romanticism to realism1)Life: Chicago, businessman, move to San Francisco in 1884, painting in Paris, study math in College ofCalifornia, without degree, to Harvard after the divorce of his parents, work in printing company2)Literary career: Mcteague (1899), V andover and the Brute凡陀弗与兽性(1914), The Octopus章鱼(1901), Moran of the Lady Letty“莱蒂夫人号”上的莫兰(1898), The Pit陷阱(1903)Mcteague: life in the slum of San Francisco, Mcteague, learn to be dentist from a quack, marries, win money in lottery, accused by friend Marx for illegal practice, kill wife to get mony, run, fight with Marx and both dieEpic of wheat: The Octopus，The Pit。

2021年自考《英美文学选读》（英）维多利亚时期：CharlesDickensI.Charles Dickens1. 一般识记His Life & Literary CareerCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was born at Portsmouth. His father， a poor clerk in the Navy Pay office，was put into the Marsalsea Prison for debt when young Charles was only 12 years old. The son had to give up schooling to work in an underground cellar at a shoe-blacking factory - a position he considered most humiliating. We find the bitter experiences of that suffering child reflected in many of Dickens’s novels. In 1827，Charles entered a lawyer’s office，& two years later he became a Parliamentary reporter for newspapers. From 1833 Dickens began to write occasional sketches of London life，which were later collected & published under the title Sketches by Boz (1836)。

Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837) appeared in monthly installments. And since then，his life became one of endless hard work. In his later years，he gave himself to public readings of his works，which brought plaudits & comfort but also exhausted him. In 1870，this man of great heart & vitality died of overwork，leaving his last novel unfinished.2. 识记His Major WorksUpon his death，Dickens left to the world a rich legacy of 15 novels & a number of short stories. They offer a most complete & realistic picture of English society of his age & remain the highest achievement in the 19th-century English novel. In nearly all his novels，behind the gloomy pictures of oppression & poverty，behind the loud humor & buffoonery，is his gentleness，his genial mirth，& his simple faith in mankind.The following is a list of his novels & other collections in three periods：(1) Period of youthful optimistSketches by Boz (1836); The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837); Oliver Twist (1837-1838); Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839); The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841); Barnaby Rudge(1841)(2) Period of excitement & irritationAmerican Notes (1842); Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1845); A Christmas Carol (1843); Dombey & Son (1846-1848); David Copperfield (1849-1850)(3) Period of steadily intensifying pessimismBleak House (1852-1853); Hard Times (1854); Little Dorrit (1855-1857); A Tale of Two Cities (1859); Great Expectations (1860-1861); Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865); Edwin Drood (unfinished)(1870)3. 领会Distinct Features of His Novels(1) Character Sketches & ExaggerationIn his novels are found about 19 hundred figures，some of whom are really such “ typical characters under typical circumstances，” t hat they become proverbial or representative of a whole group of similar persons.As a master of characterization，Dickens was skillful in drawing vivid caricatural sketches by exaggerating some peculiarities，& in giving them exactly the actions & words that fit them：that is，right words & right actions for the right person.(2) Broad Humor & Penetrating SatireDickens is well known as a humorist as well as a satirist. He sometimes employs humor to enliven a scene or lighten a character by making it (him or her) eccentric，whimsical，or laughable. Sometimes he uses satire to ridicule human follies or vices，with the purpose of laughing them out of existence or bring about reform.(3) Complicated & Fascinating PlotDickens seems to love complicated novel constructions with minor plots beside the major one，or two parallel major plots within one novel. He is also skillful at creating suspense & mystery to make the story fascinating.(4) The Power of ExposureAs the greatest representative of English critical realism，Dickens made his novel the instrument of morality & justice. Each of his novels reveals a specific social problem.4. 领会His Literary Creation & Literary AchievementsCharles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age. It is his serious intention to expose & criticize in his works all the poverty，injustice，hypocrisy & corruptness he saw all around him. In his works，Dickens sets a full map & a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England，particularly London. A combination of optimism about people & realism about society is obvious in these works. His representative works in the early period include Oliver Twist，David Copperfield & so on.His later works show a highly conscious modern artist. The settings are more complicated; the stories are better structured. Most novels of this period present a sharper criticism of social evils & morals of the Victorian England，for example，Bleak House，Hard Times，Great Expectations & so on. The early optimism could no more be found.Charles Dickens is a master story-teller. His language could，in a way，be compared with Shakespeare’s. His humor & wit seem inexhaustible. Character-portrayal is the most outstanding feature of his works. His characterizations of child (Oliver Twist，etc.)，some grotesque people (Fagin，etc.) & some comical people (Mr. Micawber，etc.) are superb. Dickens also employs exaggeration in his works. Dickens’s works ar e also characterized by a mixture of humor & pathos.5. 应用Selected ReadingAn Excerpt from Chapter III of Oliver TwistThe novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse & life of the underworld in the 19th-century London. The author’s intimate knowledge of people of the lowest order & of the city itself apparently comes from his journalistic years. Here the novel also presents Oliver Twist as Dickens’s first child hero & Fagin the first grotesque figure.This section，Chapter III of the novel，is a detailed account of how he is punished for that “ impious & profane offence of asking for more” & how he is to be sold. At three pound ten，to Mr. Gamfield，the notorious chimneysweeper. Though we can afford a smile now & then，we feel more the pitiable state of the orphan boy & the cruelty & hypocrisy of the workhouse board.。

英美文学选读自考题-11(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Multiple ChoiceSelect from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blacking the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to sing ______ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. Christian B. knightly C. Greek D. primitive2. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______.A. Surrey B. Wyatt C. Sidney D. Shakespeare3. Shakespeare's dramatic career can be divided into four periods. It was in the ______ period that his style and approach became highly individualized.A. first B. second C. third D. fourth4. ______ is probably Milton's most memorable prose work.A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise Regained C. Samson Agonistes D. Areopagitica5. In the Neoclassical Period, along with the fast economic development, the British ______ or middle class also grew rapidly.A. working class B. bougeois C. the poor people D. under-controled class6. The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works in the field of literature. This tendency is known as ______.A. humanism B. realism C. symbolism D. neoclassicism7. In Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe glorifies all the following qualities of the middleclass men except ______.A. the indignity of labour B. religious devotion C. loyalty to the king D. pioneering spirit8. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, ______, which were satirized by Swift in his Gulliver's Travels.A. the Whigs and Tories B. the Senate and the House of Representative C. the Upper House and Lower House D. the House of Lords and the House of Commons9. Of all the eighteenth century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Daniel Defoe B. Samuel Richardson C. Henry Fielding D. Oliver Goldsmith10. William Godwin, who exerted a great influence on Wordsworth, Shelley and other poets, wrote passionately against the injustices of the economic system and the oppression of the poor in his ______.A. Du Contrat Social B. Emile C. Inquiry Concerning Political Justice D. Declaration of Rights of Man11. The Romantic period is an age of ______. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major representatives.A. novel B. drama C. essay D. poetry12. Which of the **ments on William Blake is not true?______A. Childhood is central to Blake's concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. B. Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. C. The Book of Loss is his masterpiece. D. Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of his poetry.13. With so many poems such as "The Sparrow's Nest" "To a Skylark" "To the Cuckoo" and "To a Butterfly", William Wordsworth is regarded as a "______".A. poet of genius B. worshipper of nature C. royal poet D. conservative poet14. In the following writers, who isn't American?______A. Washington Irving. B. Robert Lee Frost. C. Theodore Dreiser. D. John Keats.15. The novel Pride and Prejudice mainly deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husbands, centering on the love story between ______ and ______.A. Jane, Bingley B. Lydia, Wickham C. Elizabeth, Darcy D. Charlotte, Collins16. English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ______.A. novel B. drama C. poetry D. sonnet17. Among the works by Charles Dickens ______ presents his criticism of the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds.A. Bleak House B. Pickwick Paper C. Great Expectations D. Hard Times18. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.A. explorer B. peasant C. worker D. governess19. "Self-conceited" "cruel" and "tyrannical" are most likely the features of the characters in ______.A. Robert Browning's My Last Duchess B. Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus C. Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost D. Sheridan's The School for Scandal20. Tess of the D'Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy's best known novels, portrays man as ______.A. being hereditarily either good or bad B. being self-sufficient C. having no control over his own fate D. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion21. George Bernard Shaw's career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play ______ was put on by the Independent Theater Society.A. Candida B. Widower's Houses C. Mrs. Warren's Profession D. The Apple Cart22. The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. D.H. Lawrence's B. J. Galsworthy's C. W. Thackeray's D. T. Hardy's23. The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______.A. 1820 B. 1850 C. 1880 D. 192024. The idea that "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity" is reflected in ______.A. Young Goodman Brown B. Moby-Dick C. Rip Van Winkle D. Walden25. In Whitman's Leaves of Grass, openness, freedom, and above all ______, are all that concerned him.A. individualism B. collectivism C. romanticism D. modernism26. In "There Was a Child Went Forth", Whitman's own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young, growing ______.A. America B. England C. Greek D. Roman27. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all except ______.A. mystery of the universe B. sin of the whale C. power of the great nature D. evil of the world28. ______ is not a dominant figure of the Realistic Period.A. Mark Twain B. William Dean Howells C. Henry James D. Washington Irving29. In Henry James's Daisy Miller, the "Americanness" in Daisy is revealed by her ______.A. vulgarity in language and taste B. expensive jewels and clothes C. lack of grace and patience D. relatively unreserved manners30. However, ______, the keynote of Daisy Miller's character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.A. experience B. sophistication C. worldliness D. innocence31. Which of the following works does not show Dickinson's confusion and doubt about the role of women in the 19th century America?A. I'm "wife"—I've finished that B. I heard a Fly buzz—When I died C. I cannot live with You D. I'm ceded32. By the end of Sister Carrie, Dreiser writes, "It was forever to be the pursuit of that radiance of delight which tints the distant hilltops of the world." Dreiser implies that ______. A. there is a bright future lying ahead B. there is no end to man's desire C. one should always be forward looking D, happiness is found in the end33. Who is not considered to be the master in the field of American fiction?______A. F. Scott Fitzgerald. B. Ernest Hemingway. C. William Faulkner. D. Walt Whitman.34. When he was eighty-seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This poet was ______.A. Ezra Pound B. Robert Frost C. E.E. Cummings D. Wallace Stevens35. ______ is widely acclaimed "founder of the American drama" and recognized even more as a major figure in world literature.A. Ernest Hemingway B. William Faulkner C. Washington Irving D. Eugene O'Neill36. In Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, there are detailed descriptions of big parties. The purpose of such descriptions is to show ______.A. emptiness of life B. the corruption of the upper class C. contrast of the rich and the poor D. the happy days of the Jazz Age37. Lots of people rushed to Gatsby's party at the weekend and they clustered around Gatsby's wealth like ______.A. gluttons B. flies C. insects D. moths38. "Nick Adams" is a character who frequently appears in ______ stories.A. William Faulkner's B. Theodore Dreiser's C. Mark Twain's D. Ernest Hemingway's39. Which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story A Rose for Emily, is not true?______A. She has a distorted personality. B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed. C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South. D. She is the victim of the past glory.40. "They rose when she entered—a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head. Her skeleton was small and spare;..." These sentences are taken from ______.A. Charlotte Bronte's The Professor B. William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily C. Charles Dickens's Dombey and Son D.D.H. Lawrence's Sons and LoversⅡ.Reading ComprehensionRead the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in thecorresponding space on the answer sheet.1. Read the following quotation and answer the questions."Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew..."Questions:A. Who is the author of the quotation?B. What's the title of this book?C. Here, what's the meaning of "soul" and "sole'?2. "She no sooner came home than she sent for the gamekeeper, and ordered him to bring his daughter to her; saying she would provide for her in the family, and might possibly place the girl about her own person, when her own maid, who was now going away, had left her."Questions:A. Identify the title and the author.B. What story does the novel tell?3. "Do you think I was brought up like you? Able to pick and choose my own way of life? Do you think I did what I did because I liked it, or thought it right...?"Questions:A. Where is it taken from?B. Who is the author of the play?C. What does the statement mean?4. "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,/And sorry I could not travel both."Questions:A. Who is the author?B. What does "diverged" mean?C. What does the line imply?Ⅲ.Questions and AnswersGive a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. List at least two leading Neoclassicists in England. What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literary creation?2. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victoria Age. Make a **ment on his novels.3. What are the influences of Darwinism and French Naturalism on American literature in its Realistic Period?4. How do you understand Hemingway's "Iceberg Principle" according to his works?Ⅳ.Topic DiscussionWrite no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. Literarily Blake was the first important romantic poet, showing contempt for the rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual's imagination. Please make a comment on William Blake's poetry.2. In novel writing, Lawrence is chiefly concerned with human relationships. He was also one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. Please give a short introduction to the major characteristics of D.H. Lawrence's literary creation.。