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2016学年第一学期高三教学调研英语学科第I卷（共90分）I. Listening Comprehension (25’）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. This afternoon. B. This morning. C. Tomorrow. D. Next week.2. A. A waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A cashier. D. A postman.3. A. 11. B. 3. C. 7. D. 8.4. A. At a cinema. B. At an airport. C. At a hotel. D. At a railway station.5. A. They had better not go out. B. To get some yogurt is a good idea.C. It’s too cold to walk in the snow.D. He prefers milk to yogurt.6. A. She asks the man to open the window. B. It is cold inside.C. She doesn’t want to open the window.D. She prefers the fresh air.7. A. Mom doesn’t like wine. B. They’ve already got plenty of wine.C. They are going to buy what they need.D. They’ve got enough food for the party.8. A. The boy doesn’t have to clean the screen of his computer.B. There’s not enough time for the boy to clean both.C. The desk is such a mess and needs cleaning.D. The boy’s mother will do the cleaning for him.9. A. Touched. B. Amused. C. Annoyed. D. Bored.10. A. They can’t speak English. B. The microphone doesn’t work well.C. They are not familiar with his topic.D. The speaker is speaking too fast.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In the 1690s. B. In the 1860s. C. In the 1890s. D. In the 1960s.12. A. To be paid more than their male colleagues.B. To be given the same chance to succeed.C. To win respect from their male colleagues.D. To get promoted more quickly than their male colleagues.13. A. Women’s ability to do important jobs.B. How to have more freedom.C. Concrete issues as well as attitudes and beliefs.D. How to contribute to the communities.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To recall his own childhood.B. To help his children become more mature.C. To spoil them on purpose.D. To make up for his pity that he didn’t have it in his childhood.15. A. They take possessions and support from their peers for granted.B. They are responsible for building the life that their parents desire.C. They are willing to support their peers if necessary.D. They become more mature and responsible.16. A. To love and provide for children.B. To help children become kind and responsible.C. To help children get what they need.D. To help children meet their goals.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the conversation. The conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper anddecide which one would be the test answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is confirming his flight reservation.B. He is booking a hotel for next week.C. He is making a reservation for a flight.D. He is changing his flight schedule.18. A. To cut losses. B. To save money.C. To have a window seatD. To have the ticket mailed.19. A. On May 19th. B. On May 15th. C. On May 20th. D. On May 21st.20. A. He saved about fifty dollars on the ticket.B. He will pick up the ticket by himself.C. He can get the ticket at three o’clock.D. His seat is by the window.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’）Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Apply Pay is simple to use and works with the card you already have on the devices (21)__________ you use every day. And because your card details are never shared when you useusing Apple Pay on your i-Phone, Apple Pay—in fact, they aren’t stored on your device at all—Apple Watch, or iPad is the safer and (22) __________ (private) way to pay.Now paying in stores happens in one natural motion—there’s no need to open an app or even wake up your display (23) ________ ________ the innovative Near Field Communication (NFC) antenna(天线) in iPhone 6 and iPhone 6s. To pay, just hold your iPhone near the contactless reader。
2017届高三第七次月考英语试题2016-12-20第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共 115 分）第一部分听力（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where are the two speakers?A．In a bookstore．B．In the library．C．In the post office．2．How will the speakers get to their destination?A．By bus．B．By taxi．C．By subway．3．What was the man’s son doing a t the supermarket?A．Working．B．Killing the time． C．Going shopping．4．How much does the man weigh now?A．80 pounds．B．120 pounds．C．160 pounds．5．What caused the car accident?A．Speed driving．B．The bad weather．C．Careless driving．第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why are the mall and Alice often together?A．They are in love．B．They are best friends．C．They often study together．7．What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Teacher and student． B．Brother and sister．C．Classmates．听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
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2017届高三第七次月考英语试题2016-12—20第Ⅰ 卷 (选择题，共 115 分）第一部分听力(共 20 小题；每小题 1。
5 分，共 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1。
5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍.1．Where are the two speakers？A．In a bookstore．B．In the library．C．In the post office．2．How will the speakers get to their destination?A．By bus．B．By taxi．C．By subway．3．What was the man’s son doing at the supermarket？A．Working．B．Killing the time．C．Going shopping．4．How much does the man weigh now?A．80 pounds．B．120 pounds．C．160 pounds．5．What caused the car accident？A．Speed driving．B．The bad weather． C．Careless driving．第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
2016年上海中学东校高三12月月考卷语法填空For years and years people in USA (21) ________(say)that the railways are dead. “We can do without railways.” People say…as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep(22) ______(hear) tha t trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they’re dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you are intending(23) ________(carry) people or goods from place to place, they are(24) _________(cheap)than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and (25)_________ does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It do esn’t leave you up(26)____ a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods(27) _______no plane or a motorcar could ever do.Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, less(28)_______(trouble) journey. Where else(29) ______you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling(30) _______150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly for the same reason. Have been saying hearing to carry cheaper so as which troubledcan at易错题分析：21. 从标志词For years and years可以判断出句子的时态为现在完成进行时；25.从句子结构判断出为倒装句表“。
上海市十二校2017届高三英语12月联考试题2016学年第一学期十二校联考英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Lend the man some money.B. Take the man to the bank.C. Ask the man when he’ll be paid.D. Help the man to draw some cash.2. A. She broke her mobile phone.B. She forgot to reply to the man.C. She didn’t get the man’s messages.D. She couldn’t remember the man’s phone number.3. A. He received permission to carry on an extra bag.B. He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him.C. He’s carrying someone else’s suitcase.D. He’d like some help with h is luggage.4. A. Go to the city on another day.B. Avoid driving after taking her medicine.C. Pick up her medicine before they leave.D. Wait to take her medicine until after their trip.5. A. The air will be cleaner if they go to a different city.B. It’ll soon be too late to control the pollution.C. Society will not pay attention to the new laws.D. The situation will improve if changes are made.6. A. He didn’t have time to look for his jacket.B. He misunderstood the weather report.C. He didn’t kn ow it would be cold.D. He forgot where his jacket was.7. A. Attend a conference with her.B. Mail her the paper after the deadline.C. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper.D. Complete the course without handing in the paper.8. A. He saw Mary earlier.B. Someone else saw Mary.C. He can’t help the woman.D. Mary asked for directions to the office.9. A. S he fell asleep before the program ended.B. She especially enjoyed the end of the program.C. She missed the beginning of the program.D. She wishes she had gone to sleep earlier.10. A. He may feel better soon.B. He doesn’t like to take pills.C. He may not be able to wake up.D. He may want to take the pills without food.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several short passages and longer conversations, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They couldn’t fall asleep there.B. There was no empty room available.C. The melting snow blocked their view.D. Their room was taken up by someone else.12. A. Skiing. B. Shopping. C. Bowling. D. Jogging. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The scientific evidence that those who are good at sports make more money.B. The scientific evidence that the length of our fingers isn’t inherited from parents.C. Whether there is connection between numbers-based skills or words-based ones.D. Whether there is link between people’s talents and the length of their fingers.15. A. They are more likely to do well in sports.B. They are more likely to be interested in literature.C. They are less likely to be good at maths.D. They are less likely to make a big fortune.16. A. Cambridge scientists’ study challenged some established theories.B. Cambridge scientists’ study had chosen the improper subjects.C. Cambridge scientists’ findings may not be true to the fact.D. Cambridge scientists’ findings were the same as theirs.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The man’s terrible experience on the day.B. The woman’s unlucky first day at work.C. The woman’s boss, who is hard to deal with.D. The man’s daughter, who failed in the job interview.18. A. He feeds on vegetables alone.B. He seldom talks to his employees.C. He didn’t go to the meeting that day.D. He has decided to fire the woman.19. A. A cup of coffee. B. A salad.C. A hammer.D. A stone.20. A. Take a break. B. Apologise to her boss.C. Call her friends.D. Leave the company.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Lightning BoltUsain Bolt is the world’s fastest man. He first came to the public’s attention at the Beijing Olympics in 2008, where he won three gold medals. During that race, he reached a top speed of 43.9 kmph. So, we ask, how does the man (21)_____ nickname is “Lightning Bolt” run so fast?Usain Bolt was born in Jamaica on 21 August 1986. He was running around at primary school, when a teacher noticed (22)_____ talent for sprinting (短跑). He became one of the best sprinters at his high school even though he didn’t train very hard. At the age of fifteen, Bolt was 196 cm tall and he dominated the 2002 World Junior Championships, becoming the youngestperson ever (23)_____ (win) the 200 metres. He turned professional when he left high school, (24)_____ (age) seventeen. During the first couple of years of Bolt’s professional life, he got a few injuries, but his health soon improved and he began to win all the major championships. He went from strength to strength, (25)_____ (amaze) the world with his speed.So, how does he do it? Bolt says that he is naturally fast—just something he was born (26)_____. He’s also got a number of people looking after him and one of the main reasons for his success is Norman Peart, his manager. Peart (27)_____ (look) after Bolt since he was fifteen, working hard to keep him focused.(28)_____ you explain it, Bolt’s performances in Beijing were truly marvellous. What’s more marvellous is (29)_____, since then, he has continued to get even faster. In August 2009, he broke his own record by running the 100 metres in 9.58 seconds. At the (30)_____ (fast) point in this race, he ran at an astonishing 44.9 kmph.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.attendedB.beliefC.classic/doc/2817110678.htmlmonlyE.crewF.evidenceG.further H.origins I.purposes J.rebelled K.relativelyColumbus: Myth and RealityEveryone knows the name of Christopher Columbus, and, as with any historical icon, there are as many myths as truths about the man. Take, for example, the disagreement about his 31 . The Spanish say he was from Spain, and the Italians claim he was from Italy. There is, in fact, some 32 that he was born in 1451 in Genoa, which is now part of Italy.Columbus became a sailor at an early age and had made journeys as far as Iceland and Guinea before he made his famous voyage in 1482. Contrary to popular 33 , Columbus didn’t sail to the Americas in order to find out whether the Earth was round: at the end of the 15th century almost everyone knew it was round. We do know that he sailed in part to fulfill a religious quest: he saw his journeys as a fulfillment of a divine (神圣的) plan for his life.Of course, the other 34 known reason for this voyage was that Columbus was looking for a new route to the Spice Islands (now part of Indonesia), and he believed he could reach them by sailing west rather than east. The discovery of the New World was therefore a(n) 35 case of “serendipity(机缘凑巧)”. In 1492, when he unexpectedly discovered the Americas, he had been traveling for five weeks and had sailed for 3,000 miles. He thought he had arrived in the East Indies.Columbus left on the voyage of discovery from the south of Spain, with a(n) 36 made up mainly of experienced sailors from the area. He made two 37 voyages before the end of the century, taking Europeans across to the new lands. On his third voyage in 1498, he also took women to the New World.This third voyage was not a happy one for Columbus. The settlers 38 against him, and he was unable to send a lot of gold back, so he was arrested and returned to Spain in chains.However, the King and Queen soon apologized, saying there had been a mistake, and Columbus was freed. By this time, 1500, Columbus was not a well man and he die d quietly at the age of 55 in Valladolid, Spain, on May 20, 1506, in his own apartment 39 by family and friends. He was a(n) 40 rich man at the time of his death.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Agree to DisagreeIn a world of 6.5 million opinionated people, arguments are sure to happen. Many people see arguments as an inevitable and negative part of life. Inevitable, yes; 41 , maybe not. Arguments can often lead to positive change—if you argue 42 .Arguing “well”“There 43 is such a thing as a ‘healthy argument’,” says Marian Donahue, a human relations professional, San Diego. “In a healthy argument, one’s own goal should be to explain the i ssues in detail, to communicate the upset behind the issues, and to really seek to move forward toward a 44 ,” she says. “The minimum goal should be to preserve the relationship well enough to keep 45 alive.”What not to doNothing 46 a healthy argument like a personal attack, and personal attacks are a big no-no if you want an argument to end positively. Dina Connolly, a graduate student at Northwestern University, Illinois, says that when professional relationships start amassing (积累) personal baggage, 47 arguments are just aroundthe corner.“The structure or wall of professionalism collapses,” Connolly says, “taking down any filters as well. 48 , after an individual interrupted and then corrected me while making a public speech, I later ended up in an argument where I completely lost my temper and raised my voice. I was embarrassed, and because my relationship with that person was already so deconstructed and unprofessional, I 49 with that person directly and unprofessionally in a n unfiltered attack.”Don’t be 50 the heatDonahue 51 that personal issues must be left at the door—but that doesn’t mean arguments won’t get heated. “Passion and conflict are 52 in an argument as long as you keep to the issue,” she says. “At tacking the other person is not useful. That kind of argument closes downthe 53 on both sides to keep talking.”By actively listening, many arguments can be 54 altogether. If you do find yourself in the thick of one, listening with an open mind can bring about a swift 55 to the argument and perhaps a positive resolution.41. A. sure B. argumentative C. negative D. changing42. A. confidently B. correctly C. heatedly D. hesitantly43. A. definitely B. barely C. accidentally D. clearly44. A. tendency B. destination C. purpose D. solution45. A. explanation B. communication C. cooperation D. negotiation46. A. kills B. helps C. keeps D. starts47. A. heated B. healthy C. nasty D. fresh48. A. For instance B. In addition C. As a result D. On the other hand49. A. stayed B. fought C. chatted D. argued50. A. keen on B. bored with C. afraid of D. eager for51. A. agrees B. denies C. orders D. recalls52. A. dependable B. invisible C. acceptable D. accessible53. A. gratitude B. impression C. influence D. willingness54. A. tracked B. avoided C. undertook D. grasped55. A. pace B. end C. movement D. decisionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Things changed for Ben Southall when the Australian state of Queensland advertised a job for someone to look after Hamilton Island in the Great Barrier Reef. They knew it sounded like the best job in the world, but they were surprised when over 35,000 people applied for the job. Then they hadto make a difficult decision—which person to choose from so many candidates? After a lot of testing and interviewing, they announced 34-year-old Ben Southall from England as the winner. Ben now works for the Queensland Tourist Board and his job is to look after the island and to promote tourism there. Because of the unique nature of the job, the Tourist Board wanted a unique person, with a range of skills and qualities. It was a long interview process, involving a variety of tasks to find out about each candidate.Fitness was very important; swimming ability was particularly essential. Ben can swim very well and he also likes running,climbing, diving and mountain biking. It is clear that, physically, he can do almost anything. The ability to communicate was as important as fitness. For the last part of the interview process, the final sixteen andidates did various tests and tasks, including talking to TV and radio reporters. The competition was touch and the candidates needed to show what they could do. The interviewers were interested in how the candidates performed in the tasks, how they handled the press attention and their ability to write about their adventures in a daily log. The candidates did their best to impress the interviewers and they knew they couldn’t make any mistakes at this final stage.Before he went, Ben was confident about his abilities to handle the challenge. He couldn’t do everything they asked him in the interview, as he can’t speak any other languages, but he felt that his other skills and his personality were impressive. He made a huge effort during the interview process and he was able to convince the interviewers that he was the best person for the job. Even so, he says he was amazed when he got the job; he couldn’t believe it! He hopes to do a good job and promote the island successfully: he has to get to know every part of the island and tell the world about it in numerous media interviews. When you read Ben’s blogs from his interview tasks, it is easy to see why they chose him. He is funny and easy-going and he will certainly get the attention of any potential tourist to this beautiful place.56. According to the passage, Ben’s job includes all of the following EXCEPT _____.A. knowing Hamilton Island very wellB. going to Hamilton Island once a dayC. being interviewed in different mediaD. drawing travellers’ attention to the island57. During the interview process, the candidates were asked to_____.A. go through a fitness trainingB. take part in various TV showsC. write about their own interviewsD. communicate with the press。
2017-2018学年第一学期高三年级12月份月考试卷Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）Part 2 Vocabulary and grammar(第二部分词汇和语法)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Puerto Rico (CNN)---The US government says it (1) __________(commit) to helping Puerto Rico but is faced with challenging circumstances, including some roads that are narrow, muddied and impassable for large aid-delivery vehicles. There also are pre-existing problems with power and water systems. Puerto Rico is “an island sitting in the middle of an ocean … a very big ocean,” as President Donald Trump said on September 26, (2) __________(make) Hurricane Maria more distant than two other recent storms that hit the US mainland, Hurricanes Harvey and Irma.Much of the island feels (3) __________ __________ it were hit by a storm yesterday, not one month ago. Mountains are covered in branchless trees, (4) __________(stick) in the dirt like the walking sticks of giants. Power lines are tangled(缠结) about like spaghetti dropped from the sky. Sheet metal from roofs and fencing (5) __________(turn)into floppy strips of chewing gum, scattered on the hills. Not only (6) __________(be) people such as Sostre exposed to the elements, but supplies of clean drinking water are inadequate and environmental health experts fear a public health emergency (7) _________ be brewing(酝酿).On Tuesday, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, said it had 1,700 personnel deployed in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands, (8) __________ also were hit by Hurricane Maria. Yet nearly 2,600 FEMA staff – about 900 more – remain deployed to Hurricane Harvey, nearly two months after that storm hit the Gulf Coast of the mainland United States.“The point is (9) _________ numbers do not save or improve lives, but missions and progress do, for example, (Texas) may need more people to support the power system.” FEMA said in an emailed statement.Others see it differently.“I thought we’d learned our lesson after (Hurricane) Katrina where the response was awful, both carelessly slow and incompetent,” said John Mutter, a professor at Columbia University and an expert in international disaster relief. “In Puerto Rico, it doesn’t look like we’ve learned (10) __________at all.”【答案】1．is committed; 2. making; 3. as if; 4. stuck; 5.has been turned;6. are;7. should;8. which;9. that; 10. anything【分析】1. 考察时态语态。
2016年上海中学东校高三12月月考卷语法填空For years and years people in USA (21) ________(say)that the railways are dead. “We can do without railways.” People say…as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep(22) ______(hear) that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they’re dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you are intending(23) ________(carry) people or goods from place to place, they are(24) _________(cheap)than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and (25)_________ does a railway. What is more, it takes you fro m the heart of a city into the heart of another. It doesn’t leave you up(26)____ a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods(27) _______no plane or a motorcar could ever do.Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, less(28)_______(trouble) journey. Where else(29) ______you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling(30) _______150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly for the same reason.十一选十Being overweight in middle-age makes the brain (31)________by 10 years, research by theUniversity of Cambridge has found.The study, which(32) ________473 brains, found changes in the brain structure of overweight people which are(33)________ seen in those far older.The volume of white matter - the tissue that connects areas of the brain and allows information to be communicated between regions - (34)__________far more in those with a Body Mass Index above 25. Shrinkage of parts of the brain is associated with a higher risk of cognitive (35)_________and dementia.The Cambridge Study found no differences in cognitive skills when participants underwent IQ tests. But the men and women will be scanned as they get older, to check for changes which indicate mental decline.Human brains naturally shrink with age, but scientists are increasingly recognising that obesity - already linked to conditions such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease - may also affect the onset and(36) ________of brain ageing.In the study of people aged between 20 and 87, researchers looked at the(37) ________of obesity on brain structure across the adult lifespan.Researchers divided the groups into two categories: (38)_________and overweight, depending on whether their BMI was above or below 25. They found(39) ________differences in the volume of white matter. Overweight individuals had a widespread reduction in white matter compared with lean people.The team then calculated how white matter volume related to age across the two groups. They discovered that an overweight person at 50 had a(40) _________white matter volume to a lean person aged 60.Researchers only observed these differences from middle-age onwards, suggesting that brains may be particularly vulnerable during this period of ageing.完型Language is hard. In fact, it’s infinitely harder and more complicated than math. And yet, nearly every small child can learn and master language.Why is math so overwhelming for so many students? And how high is the price we pay fromhaving so many math- (41) _______ or even math-illiterate people in our society? Too high, especially as the ability to grasp data and pursue advanced work that involves math is becoming increasingly(42) _________ for both citizens and job applicants.But how many of us feel incapable, rather than poorly taught, when we are confronted with the rigors of math? How many children who struggled to grasp math concepts, who lacked the necessary tool kit, were led to feel stupid, even demeaned?Compare it to spoken or written language. When you make a mistake, a teacher corrects the part that is wrong. And then you(43) _______. With math, if you don’t have the correct r esult, it is typically treated as wrong. And, as mistake after mistake(44) __________, too many students simply give up: I can’t do math.But math is not about intelligence. It’s a language that too many people never learn, often because the education process(45)________ the number of ways that a given person can arrive at a given solution.That’s not a failure of children to learn. That’s a failure of (46)________. It’s a failure of the school. We should not blame the student. (These are children, after all.)Part of the challenge is to identify the gaps in knowledge, to (47)________ that the challenge is not that a student simply doesn’t understand algebra or trigonometry or whatever. There may be a particular basic concept that stands(48)________of going forward in math, as well as other fields such as social science or engineering.Overcoming this block requires moving beyond broad industrialized education and to, (49)_________ learning that allows students to find their own way in. Show me a thousand students and I’ll show you a thousand (50)_______ pathways that they might take to achieve math success.With new digital technologies and a massive amount of data collection and analytics, we have the ability to help students identify the essential c oncepts they don’t understand. We have data on all the students that solved a particular math problem and those that failed to solve it. We also have data on the problems they were able to solve prior to that.So as a student recognizes that they are(51)______ with, say, negative number concepts, they can go back and master the material—to fill in the gaps that allows them to go forward. And whenthey hit another tough spot? They can jump to the problems that allow them to master that concept. The hope is that as they progress, their interest and enthusiasm(52) ________.We are pursuing this approach at the university level. We also are seeking to incorporate this approach at the high school, middle school and elementary levels. This will make it possible for a growing number of students to pursue degrees and careers that they never thought.In the years ahead, that mindset, borne out of the failure of math instruction, should(53)_________. If we can succeed at breaking down the (54)________ that t here’s something wrong with a 3rd grader who cannot learn math—rather than something wrong with the teaching process—then we can look forward to new generations of math-literate citizens. Whatever career they choose, they will be more confident and more capable to understand and contribute to an increasingly complex, (55)_______ driven world.41. A. packed B. convinced C. controlled D. terrified42. A. strong B. huge C. important D. desirable43. A. proceed B. pause C. protest D. preview44. A. comes up B. covers up C. makes up D. builds up45. A. calculates B. misses C. estimates D. analyzes46. A. teaching B. communicating C. experimenting D. understanding47. A. interpret B. address C. clarify D. advocate48. A. in the process B. in the center C. in the stage D. in the way49. A. modernized B. revolutionized C. personalized D. commercialized50. A. different B. unique C. effective D. efficient51. A. going B. doing C. struggling D. concerning52. A. declines B. persists C. arouses D. increases53. A. inspired B. eliminated C. established D. challenged54. A. prediction B. assumption C. truth D. theory55. A. data B. power C. energy D. digit阅读理解B篇1.Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions（排放）vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about 2.where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators（发电机）. Generators are fueled by something--usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal（地热）plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those "zero-emissions" cars are likely coal-burning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true. It's as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“If I can't see it, it's not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas（or another fuel）and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat--at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far -- so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don't use much of those energy sources.3.In addition, electric cars' batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it's a power plant, though，all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.59.What’s the main idea of the passages?A．Electric cars aren’t actually clean.B．Electric cars are zero-emissions vehicles.C．Zero-emissions vehicles are popular.D．Gasoline-powered cars are more efficient.60.Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2?A．Be familiar with．B．Be curious about．C．Fail to understand．D．Show their interest in．61.In the author’s opinion, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more __________.A．environmentally-friendly B．expensiveC．efficient D．harmful62.It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A．electric cars' batteries are poisonous for a long timeB．now electric cars are used more than their gasoline-powered cousinsC．zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentD．electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something六选四EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 对于研究的结果，研究者接下来是对他的解释，重点是B答案中的face time/ screen time 可以推断出是人们产生共鸣变少的原因，所以答案为B(67)_______Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. (68)________There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human-and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety,and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. (69)_____ "Academics are important. But if you don't have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won't be as successful in work or in your love life," she says. What's the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. (70)____A. Good social skills-including empathy-are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life.B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.C. "One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking," Freed says.D. Humans learn by example-and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else-both what they think and how they feel.F. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.翻译1.这款冰淇淋大受欢迎，在很多店都能买到。
上海市2017届高三英语12月考试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)Mr. Briggs got a job 25 an insurance pany(保险公司)after he left school and went around visiting people in their homes 26 (sell) them life insurance.One day, after he 27 (work) for the pany for about a year, the insurance manager sent for him and said, “Mr. Briggs, I have been looking 28 your record as a salesman with our pany, and there is one thing 29 surprises me about it. Why have you been selling insurance only to people over 95 years old, and why have you been giving them such generous conditions? You’ll ruin our pany 30 you go on like that. ”“Oh, no, sir,” answered Mr. Briggs at once, “Before I started work, I looked at the figures(数字) for deaths in this country 31 the past ten years, 32 I can tell you thatfew people die at the age of 95. ”(B)He is the man who for many people has been a role model. Now your __33__ (big) hero deserves a special day when you canexpress your thanks and let him know how important he is to you.The third Sunday of June, ___34__ falls on June 19 this year, is Father’s Day.The idea of Father’s Day came from ___35___ American woman called Sonora Smart Dodd in 1909. Dodd wanted a special day ____36____( honor) her father. He raised six children by ___37_ after his wife died. Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honor loving dads.The first Father’s Day ___38____(celebrate) on June 19, 1910. In 1924, US President Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a _____39____ (nation) Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June ___40___ Father’s Day.Here are some ways to show your love and respect:Send him a greeting card. Fathers prefer cards that are not too emotional. So choose one that will make him laugh.If he has a puter, cover his desktop with words like “I love you，Dad”.A small present, such as a framed photo of your family, can make him feel like a king.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that thereA department store’s inputs include the land upon which the building is located, the labor of the employees, (41) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a farmer’s (42) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are changed into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the change process (43) ______ from industry to industry, but it is a(n) (44) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (45) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (46) ______ use value due to the form, the time, orthe place of their availability from the conversion process. However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption (fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (47) ______ problems in the conversion process. Variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors all affect output quality differently. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, to (48)____variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback is to provide (49) ______ linkages. Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot (50) operations because they don' t know the results of their directions.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Filling in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It was my first day to Miss Hargrove’s seventh grade. Past “newcomer”experiences had been difficult, so I was very__51__ to fit in. After being introduced to the class, I bravely put on a smile and took my seat.Lunchtime was a pleasant surprise when the girls all crowded around my table. They were friendly, so I began to __52__. My new classmates told me about the school, the teachers and the other kids. They __53__ out the class nerd(书呆子) to me: Mary Lou. She was a pretty girl with dark eyes and olive-skin, __54__ she wore a long woolen skirt and an old-fashioned blouse. She looked stupid. The girls whispered and giggled __55__ Mary Lou walked by. She ate alone.After school, the girls invited me to join them in front of the school. I was thrilled to be a member of the club. We waited. For what, I didn’t know. Then Mary Lou came down the school steps. The girls started making fun of her, shouting rudely, biting comments. I __56__, then joined right in. Mean remarks fell from my lips. No one could __57__ I’d never done this before. The other girls stepped back and started cheering for me. Feeling __58__, I pulled on her backpack and then pushed her. Her backpack broke, Mary Lou fell and I backed off. Everyone was laughing. I __59__ in. I was a leader.I was not proud. Something inside me hurt. If you’ve ever picked a wing off a butterfly, you know how I felt. Mary Lou got up, gathered her books and left without a tear or saying anything. She held her head __60__ as blood ran down from herknee. I __61__ her limp away down the street.I turned to leave with my __62__ friends and noticed a man standing beside his car. He must have been Mary Lou’s father ––– he had the same olive skin, dark hair and handsome look. He remained still and watched the __63__ girl walk toward him. Only his eyes ––– shining with both sadness and pride ––– followed. As I passed, he looked at me in silence with burning tears that reminded me of my __64_.Mary Lou’s father’s eyes taught me a good lesson that day.I never again hurt someone for my own __65__.51. A. anxious B. excited C. worried D. afraid52. A. talk B. hesitate C. relax D. suspect53. A. picked B. pointed C. worked D. found54. A. because B. so C. and D. but55. A. as B. before C. after D. since56. A. paused B. refused C. hurried D. escaped57. A. tell B. say C. report D. announce58. A. ashamed B. guilty C. encouraged D. powerful59. A. turned B. went C. took D. fitted60. A. cautiously B. casually C. lowly D. high61. A. watched B. noticed C. glared D. glanced62. A. caring B. laughing C. puzzling D. satisfying63. A. silly B. only C. lonely D. friendly64. A. pain B. pity C. weakness D. shame65. A. loss B. gain C. effort D. dutySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Zoe, Damacela, 19, didn't have nice clothes when she was young. It wasn't easy for Zoe’s hard-working single mother to make ends meet. They moved in and out of homeless shelters. Everything changed for Zoe in grade nine. At that time, she heard about a sewing(缝纫) class at her school. She signed up and couldn't wait to turn her designs into clothes. The color of the first dress she made was white-black strips. Soon the clothes she wore were all made by her. Other girls at school loved her designs too. They asked her if they could buy dresses from her. Zoe sold her first dress for $13. Unfortunately, it cost her $25 to make the dress. “I had the creativity in designs," says Zoe. “But I really had no idea about business.”Zoe kept selling the clothes she designed. Her business was booming, and even the girls who had ever teased her became her customers. In the eleventh grade, Zoe took a business class. She learned how to price her clothes so that she could be sure to make a fair profit.Her business teacher suggested she take part in a contest for teenaged entrepreneurs (企业家). The contest was for teens from all over the United States. Zoe sent in her business plan, which explained how she planned to make her pany grow. She won the second prize in the end. Zoe ’s success became a news item.Supermodel Tyra Banks heard about it and she invited Zoe to take part in her TV show. “Being recognized I felt really unreal,”says Zoe. Zoe has advice for teens who want to start their own business. “If you really work hard on it, you will be able to make it happen,” she says. “If I can do it, anyone else can.”66.We can learn that ______ when she was in grade nine.A. Zoe had no interest in designing clothesB. Zoe seldom wore her self-made clothesC. Zoe didn' t know how to make moneyD. Zoe attended a business course67.After winning the contest, Zoe ______A. considered it a rewardB. expected to be knownC. was proud of her own giftD. could hardly believe it68.Zoe advised the teens ______ .A. to make efforts to achieve their dreamsB. to design and make their own clothesC. to try every means to bee famousD. to do whatever they would like to69.What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Zoe learned to design clothes.B. A poor girl achieved success in business.C. How Zoe got a prize in a contest.D. A poor girl was invited to a TV show.can in traditional green. The Haws green 8. 8liter long reach watering can is given a powdercoated painted finish for maximum protection.ThismakesARS 1000L LIGHTWEIGHT HEDGE SHEARSThese ARS hedge shears are really difficult tofind! Made in Japan, they are some of the verybest available, especially for shaping work.These shears are lightweight and perfectlybalanced for maximum fort. The blades are verysharp and are made of hard carbon steel. Thehandles are made of aluminum for both strengthsave your boots.hand trowel is a real workhorse of the garden.Neverthe garden. The mirror polished stainless steelheadThe weatherproofed, hardwood handle gives71. If you buy a set of spade and fork, you should fill in the Order code “______”.A. BSDTS-EGB. SJSST-EGC. ARSHS-EG and HG88WCD. HG88W and BSDTS-EG72. You don’t have to pay for the postage if you buy ______.A. HAWS LONG REACH CAN GREENB. LIGHTWEIGHT HEDGE SHEARSC DIGGING SPADE & FORK SETD. SPEAR & JACKSON TROWEL73. The underlined word workhorse is closest in meaning with ______.A. makerB. laborerC. speakerD. digger(C)American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “language protein” in the brain.The study, conducted by neuroscientists(神经学家) and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day – over 13,000 more than men. "This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,” said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers andthen counted the number of times they cried out in the “ultrasonic range”, the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. But when the pups were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocalcalls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less “talkative”.The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 per cent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.“Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more municative sex,” said Prof McCarthy."Our results imply Foxp2 as a ponent of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal munication in mammals."74. From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.A. women always speak more words than menB. men and male rats have low levels of language proteinC. women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2D. McCarthy isn’t the first to find females more talkative75. The underlined phrase “fussed over” in the third paragraph probably means______.A. paid attention toB. related toC. put pressure onD. counted on76. The researchers carried out the experiments on rats in order to _______.A. test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humansB. prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are differentC. determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male ratsD. discover the association between Foxp2protein and vocal munication77. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Tests on humans and ratsB. Why women arethe talkative sexC. Sex differences in Foxp2 proteinD. Foxp2protein determines oral abilitySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they' 11 change America. Rightly so. But selfishly. I' m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world' s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we' re all hot-tempered single mothers who can' t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can' t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic （酗酒的） mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets thechance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they' d like to see Michelle bring to the White House——mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone——an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise （沉着）. Confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that' s been around for far too long. (No more than 10 words)78. Why dose Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author？79. What is the common stereotype of African-American womenaccording to the author？80. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady？81. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do？第II卷 (共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
华东师大二附中2017届高三12月月考II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.You may think that mom-and-pop stores are gradually dying out, giving way to chain stores and big business, (21) you would be wrong. The online shopping platform Taobao is a game changer and (22) (revolutionize) the way we buy and sell.Taobao, or “treasure hunt”, recently became the largest e-commerce website in terms of traffic, surpassing Amazon. It has 190 million (23) (register) users and serves (24) (big)marketplace in the world. Half of China’s Internet users go to Taobao, either to browse, buy or sell, according to Web information company Alexa.(25) Taobao borrowed its original business model from eBay when it started up in 2003, the student soon became the master. Just three years later, eBay shut down its site and now Taobao controls about 80 percent of the country’s online shopping market.It charges almost (26) to list items for sale and makes most of its money from advertising. It also plans to share transaction data with its users so they can cash it on buying trends. This allows anyone with an idea and a computer to start a viable business, doing away (27) the need for significant start-up capital. (28) opening up a store on the high street selling to passersby, the world is every Taobao user’s oyster.A friend of mine is a typical. She opened up a store selling children’s clothing near Nuren Jie,(29) was a popular market in Beijing. It was not a great success but her online sales through Taobao went ballistic. She closed the store and is now e-commerce only.Effectively, taobao has become the country’s high street, but with global reach.(30) China is the world’s manufacturing base, it is relatively easy for individuals to source cheap goods and sell at a reasonable markup. Micro-stores are opening in their thousands everyday and delivering an amazing variety of goods.答案：but；has revolutionized; registered; the biggest; Although; nothing; with; Instead of; which; AsSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.then, there has been a revived interest in dinosaurs. Numerous articles have been written andintensive research has been conducted on dinosaurs.Scientists believe that dinosaurs came into existence about 180,000,000 years ago, but have been extinct for several millions of years, and to-date, only reconstructed fossil (31) serve as tangible(实际的) proof that dinosaurs did exist on earth at one time.Dinosaurs were actually reptiles, a separate class of animals with the following (32) ; they are cold-blooded; they can live on land; they have a (33) type of heart and most of them have scales.The first reptiles appeared long before the dinosaurs (34) big lizards and (35) short tails, thick legs and big heads. They subsisted mainly on plants. The first dinosaurs resembled their reptile (36) , but they could walk on their hind legs. Some kinds remained small, but in the course of time, others grew to (37) sizes and lengths, ranging from 8 to 20 feet and weighing more than an elephant. There was a giant dinosaur, known as Brontosaurus, measuring70-80 feet long and weighing 38 tons. Another (38) kind, called Allesaurus, could walk about on land, and (39) on the Brontosaurus and other plant-eating reptiles, with its sharp teeth and powerful claws.Today, dinosaurs are only found in books, pictures and in motion pictures. With the remarkably widespread interest in dinosaurs, people become agog in asking this question: Why did the giant creatures become extinct? Many scientists offer one conjecture(猜测) that they disappeared because of the changes in the climate of the earth, which deprived them of the places to live in and feed. Other experts have recently come up with the theory that giant meteors (40) upon the earth and destroyed the dinosaurs in an instant. Many more theories may be put forward by experts, but still, no one had a conclusive and definite answer to the puzzle.答案：HFACI DKBEGIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most obvious benefit of a single currency is that it will no longer be necessary to incur(引起)the costs of exchange from one currency to another. Travelers know that these costs are not negligible. First of all, there is a commission (41) (usually a fixed amount); secondly, the price (42) which the traveler purchases foreign currency for domestic currency (43) from the price of exchanging back surplus (过剩)foreign currency. The removal of these transaction costs constitutes a gain from monetary union.Another benefit is that removal of exchange rate (44) between the countries of the EU would provide much more assurance to (45) location decisions. At present, a company takes (46) of the risk of exchange rate variation in its location decision, and this may lead it to scatter its plants across the various economies to hedge against(防范)the risk of exchange rate variation. Removing this source of uncertainty allows investors to (47) according toeconomies of scale and may lead to more plants of (48) size, a reduction in unit cost of production, and increase in (49) .A single currency provides the (50) for counter-inflationary(反通胀)policies. A single currency could lead to a (51) in the market discrimination that currently exists in the EU(for example, prices of motor cars of the (52) specification(规格) stand higher in the UK than they do in France) as the quotation(报价) of prices in common currency discourages arbitrage(套利)activity and reduces the market division(53) which such discrimination relies.(54) , firms in one country cannot continue to (55) their prices higher than their European competitors and still remain competitive.41.A. money B. sum C. tip D. charge42.A. on B. at C. in D. over43.A. different B. infers C. differs D. variable44.A. float B. contrast C. difference D. variation45.A. appropriate B. cooperative C. corporate D. reasonable46.A. account B. count C. mind D. range47.A. decide B. locate C. choose D. invest48.A. largest B. maximum C. medium D. optimum49.A. effect B. effectiveness C. deficiency D. efficiency50.A. shade B. firework C. framework D. door51.A. rise B. reduction C. revival D. cause52.A. same B. different C. similar D. excessive53.A. in B. on C. over D. at54.A. While B. Thus C. However D. Although55.A. rise B. arise C. raise D. set答案：DBCDC ABDDC BABBCSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competitionfor admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.56. According to the author, ___.A. people used to question the value of college education.B. people used to have full confidence in higher education.C. all high school graduates went to college.D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college.57. In the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refer to___.A. high school grad uates who aren’t suitable for college education.B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis.C. college students who aren’t any better for their higher education.D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college.58. The dropout rate of college students seems to go up because___.A. young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college.B. many people are required to join the army.C. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education.D. young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school.59. In this passage the author argues that___.A. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates.B. College education is not enough if one wants to be successful.C. College education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people.D. Intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college.答案：BCCA(B)Noad was a tall, handsome 23-year-old Balinese man who was in love with one girl but expected to marry another. His stepmother had arranged everything- he would wed a distant relation and bring the two families closer together. Noad had two choices. He would either marry the girl he did not love, or he could go against the wishes of parents and be expelled from his village. Actually he had another choice, one which none of his family foresaw. One day his friends found him slumped in a comma on his bed after he had consumed two liters of a powerful insecticide.For more than 60 years the tropical Indonesian island of Bali has been portrayed to the outside world as a heavenly paradise where a strong culture and sense of community protect its inhabitants from the rigors of the modern world. It is an image supported by many millions of dollars from the international hotel community which provides luxury accommodation and facilities for nearly a million foreign visitors now travelling annually to the holiday island.Yet behind the marketing hype lies another story- one which exist in stark contrast to the sun, sand and sea”dream”. The truth is that the lives of Bali’s 2.7 million local inhabitants are often marked by poverty, suffering and family conflict. Ketut is a 22-year-old maid who works part-time for an expatriate resident in Ubud, in the centre of the island. Her husband works as a driver for a white-water rafting company which provides day trips to tourists.” sometimes I have no money for my baby because my husband gambles all h is wages.” the husband’s father, unfamiliar with western support system, combats his son’s behavior by calling in the dukun, a spiritual” healer” who makes offerings to the bad spirits at play in his mind.60. You would expect to find this passage in______ ?A. A newspaperB. An advertisementC. a travel brochureD. a book61. It can be inferred from the paragraph 1 that the third choice that Noad’s family failed to foresee is that____.A. He fell into sleepB. He went against their wishes and left homeC. He commited suicideD. He started to take drugs62.In paragraph 2 it refers to______A. Strong culture.B. Sense of community.C. Heavenly paradise.D. The modern world.答案：BCC(C)Most people don’t leave their front door unlocked, and the same is true of their home Wi-Fi networks. But some believe that preventing access to your wireless Internet actually does more harm than good. Peter Eckersley of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an organization devoted to defending digital rights, is calling for an "Open Wireless Movement" and encouraging people to be "socially responsible" by sharing their connection. Eckersley compares the current situation of locked-down networks to "finding yourself parched(干透的)and thirsty while everyone around you is sipping from nice tall glasses of iced water", and offers a technological solution. We restrict access to our networks for two reasons: to prevent other people from using up our bandwidth, and to ensure our security and privacy. He suggests we can still protect ourselves from both problems by using routers(路由器)that share a certain amount of bandwidth in the open while also providing an encrypted(加密的)connection for personal use, but such technology already exists, and people aren’t choos ing to use it. Perhaps the problem is not technological, but legal, as home users don’t want to be responsible for the activities of others on their network. Quite understandable, really. But Eckersley says that "individuals can enjoy the same legal protections against liability as any other Internet access provider", but the law is far from clear in this area and differs from country to country. In a footnote on his article, Eckersley says US law "may" offer protection, but that didn’t prevent a man who left his network open from being called a pedophiles (恋童癖者)by armed police in his living room this past weekend. Courts in Germany have previously ruled that people can be fined if they allow unauthorized users to access illegal materials through their connection, while in the UK disputes over recent changes to the law leave the matter uncertain. Perhaps these legal concerns can be overcome by turning to an unlikely role-model —Estonia, where access to the Internet is a legal human right. The country is blanketed in a network of free Wi-Fi access points in cafes, bars and other public locations, allowing people to easily get online almost anywhere. So who wants to open up their network first?63 What does the author say about the Electronic Frontier Foundation?A. It encourages people to share their networks.B. Its work is about protecting digital rights.C. It is advocating an "Open Wireless Movement".D. Its main business is trading electronics.64. One reason leading most people to lock their network is________A. Laws protect home users of internet from responsibilities.B. Internet access provides take no responsibility for their users’ illegal activitiesC. Home users enjoy the same right as internet access providers.D. It is internet access providers who should be responsible for their user’s activities.65. What can be inferred from Eckersley’s words individual......internet access provider in para4_________.A. Laws protects home users of internet from responsibilitiesB. Internet access provi ders take no responsibility for their for their user’s illegal activities.C. Home users enjoy the same rights as internet access providersD it is internet access providers who should be responsible for their user’s activities.66. What information can be got about Estonia from the passage? .A. It restricts free access to internetB. Free Wi-Fi is set up all over the countryC. It is impossible for other countries to follow its suitD its people can get free Wi-Fi access almost everywhere.答案：BCBDSection DDirections: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Second Life is an online imaginary world where a computer user can create a new self and experience a separate life. Second Life is similar to other popular "massively multiplayer online role-playing games." The company Linden Lab of San Francisco, California created Second Life in two thousand three.____67____Then he or she creates an electronic image, or animated character, called an avatar. Some people try to make their avatar look as close to their real self as possible. Other people change their sex or become an imaginary creature as their Second Life avatar.Once you have your avatar you become a "resident" of Second Life. ____68____Your avatar also can make friends with other Second Life avatars. Residents can go to school, own a business, even get married. But, there are also activities in Second Life that are impossible in the real world. For example, if you do not feel like walking to that park near your Second Life home, why not fly?____69____But it costs money to get other accounts and to buy land. The virtual world has its own currency, the Linden dollar. You use these to buy virtual clothes, property, entertainment and many other things. You can earn Linden dollars by working at a job. That unreal money has a real life value. About two hundred fifty Linden dollars are worth one American dollar.Second Life is popular among schools and businesses.Many universities have set up campuses on the Web site. Many kinds of stores can also be found there. And, entertainers sometimes perform live on Second Life with their Second Life avatars.____70____It is said that the total number of residents is more than thirteen million from more than one hundred countries.答案：BCDFIV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a joy to be youngA noted American psychol ogist once remarked that childhood is a magical period in one’s life．Indeed it is, for during childhood, one undergoes a step-by-step transformation not only in mental capacity, but also in physical and verbal skills．Each step signals an increase in the difficulty of a child’s conceptual and learning abilities．During the early stages of childhood, from infancy to about five, the child learns simple skills including using the toilet, bathing and dressing himself independently．At this stage, he also learns to be very observant, curious, imaginative and creative．His ability to remember things also leaps at this stage．He remembers details that an adult may have difficulty in remembering．Gradually , he learns elementary skills in problem-solving．As he graduates to the later stages of childhood bordering on the teenage years, the child learns the complexities of human relations and socialization by interacting with his peers—his friends and schoolmates．He also learns to experiment with new life situations, including dates and part-time work．Given a tight schedule of schoolwork, the child learns to prepare his own schedules of work and play.Some youngsters look at life pessimistically. They complain that it is a tragedy to be young because they are faced with what they consider insurmountable(无法克服的) problems and pressures at home and school, let alone with the opposite sex. Given that, however, children’s pressures pale in comparison with the adults’. It is true that studying can be burdensome at times, but at least children do not have the same pressure and burden that adults feel-the burden of working to make ends meet and give the children a decent and comfortable life.It is an inescapable truth that childhood is a happy stage- a time of sheer joy, innocence and freedom from the complexities and challenges of the adult world.第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这位演讲者见多识广，在台上总能处变不惊。
华东师大二附中2017届高三十二月月考II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.You may think that mom-and-pop stores are gradually dying out, giving way to chain stores and big business,(21) you would be wrong. The online shopping platform Taobao is a game changer and(22) (revolutionize) the way we buy and sell.Taobao, or “treasure hunt”, recently became the largest e-commerce website in terms of traffic, surpassing Amazon. It has 190 million (23) (register) users and serves (24) (big)marketplace in the world. Half of China’s Internet users go to Taobao, either to browse, buy or sell, according to Web information company Alexa.(25) Taobao borrowed its original business model from eBay when it started up in 2003, the student soon became the master. Just three years later, eBay shut down its site and now Taobao controls about 80 percent of the country’s online shopping market.It charges almost (26) to list items for sale and makes most of its money from advertising. It also plans to share transaction data with its users so they can cash it on buying trends. This allows anyone with an idea and a computer to start a viable business, doing away (27) the need for significant start-up capital. (28) opening up a store on the high street selling to passersby, the world is every Taobao user’s oyster.A friend of mine is a typical. She opened up a store selling children’s clothing near Nuren Jie,(29) was a popular market in Beijing. It was not a great success but her online sales through Taobao went ballistic. She closed the store and is now e-commerce only.Effectively, taobao has become the country’s high street, but with global reach.(30) China is the world’s manufacturing base, it is relatively easy for individuals to source cheap goods and sell at a reasonable markup. Micro-stores are opening in their thousands everyday and delivering an amazing variety of goods.but；has revolutionized; registered; the biggest; Although; nothing; with; Instead of; which; AsSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The movie ”Jurassic Park” shown sometime this year took cinema lovers by storm and since then, there has been a revived interest in dinosaurs. Numerous articles have been written and intensive research has been conducted on dinosaurs.Scientists believe that dinosaurs came into existence about 180,000,000 years ago, but have been extinct for several millions of years, and to-date, only reconstructed fossil (31) serve as tangible(实际的) proof that dinosaurs did exist on earth at one time.Dinosaurs were actually reptiles, a separate class of animals with the following (32) ;they are cold-blooded; they can live on land; they have a (33) type of heart and most of them have scales.The first reptiles appeared long before the dinosaurs (34) big lizards and (35) short tails, thick legs and big heads. They subsisted mainly on plants. The first dinosaurs resembled their reptile (36) ,but they could walk on their hind legs. Some kinds remained small, but in the course of time, others grew to (37) sizes and lengths, ranging from 8 to 20 feet and weighing more than an elephant. There was a giant dinosaur, known as Brontosaurus, measuring70-80 feet long and weighing 38 tons. Another(38) kind, called Allesaurus, could walk about on land, and (39) on the Brontosaurus and other plant-eating reptiles, with its sharp teeth and powerful claws.Today, dinosaurs are only found in books, pictures and in motion pictures. With the remarkably widespread interest in dinosaurs, people become agog in asking this question: Why did the giant creatures become extinct? Many scientists offer one conjecture(猜测) that they disappeared because of the changes in the climate of the earth, which deprived them of the places to live in and feed. Other experts have recently come up with the theory that giant meteors (40) upon the earth and destroyed the dinosaurs in an instant. Many more theories may be put forward by experts, but still, no one had a conclusive and definite answer to the puzzle.HFACI DKBEGIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most obvious benefit of a single currency is that it will no longer be necessary to incur(引起)the costs of exchange from one currency to another. Travelers know that these costs are not negligible. First of all, there is a commission (41) (usually a fixed amount); secondly, the price (42) which the traveler purchases foreign currency for domestic currency (43) from the price of exchanging back surplus (过剩)foreign currency. The removal of these transaction costs constitutes a gain from monetary union.Another benefit is that removal of exchange rate (44) between the countries of the EU would provide much more assurance to (45) location decisions. At present, a company takes (46) of the risk of exchange rate variation in its location decision, and this may lead it to scatter its plants across the various economies to hedge against(防范)the risk of exchange rate variation. Removing this source of uncertainty allows investors to (47) according to economies of scale and may lead to more plants of (48) size, a reduction in unit cost of production, and increase in(49) .A single currency provides the (50) for counter-inflationary(反通胀)policies. A single currency could lead to a (51) in the market discrimination that currently exists in the EU(for example, prices of motor cars of the (52) specification(规格) stand higher in the UK than they do in France) as the quotation(报价) of prices in common currency discourages arbitrage(套利)activity and reduces the market division(53) which such discrimination relies.(54) , firms in one country cannot continue to (55) their prices higher than their European competitors and still remain competitive.41.A. money B. sum C. tip D. charge42.A. on B. at C. in D. over43.A. different B. infers C. differs D. variable44.A. float B. contrast C. difference D. variation45.A. appropriate B. cooperative C. corporate D. reasonable46.A. account B. count C. mind D. range47.A. decide B. locate C. choose D. invest48.A. largest B. maximum C. medium D. optimum49.A. effect B. effectiveness C. deficiency D. efficiency50.A. shade B. firework C. framework D. door51.A. rise B. reduction C. revival D. cause52.A. same B. different C. similar D. excessive53.A. in B. on C. over D. at54.A. While B. Thus C. However D. Although55.A. rise B. arise C. raise D. setDBCDC ABDDC BABBCSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army oftrained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.56.what do stiletto heels refer to according to the passage?, ___.A.Heels most appropriate for catwalks.B.shoes that fit retail sector workers best.C.heels with the limit of an inch.D.very high heels that women wear.57.why did the Trade Union leaders propose to ban stiletto heels from the workplace?A.they believed that these shoes are harmful to women workers’ health.B.they maintained that women should decide what to wear at work.C.they thought these shoes give women excuse to ask for a sick leave.D.they didn’t want to work in the place that looks like Hollywood.58.Nadine Dorries disapproved the motion because she felt that the extra height of the heels_____A.improved her vision.B.boosted her confidence.C.helped people to find her.D.made her more in control of her life.59.How does Michelle Dewberry see the motion?.A.It should be supported for the sake of women’s health.B.The union officials shouldn’t have debates on any motions.C.It’s unnecessary and women have right to decide what to wear.D.The union leaders should decide on the tightness of ties instead.DABC(B)Noad was a tall, handsome 23-year-old Balinese man who was in love with one girl but expected to marry another. His stepmother had arranged everything- he would wed a distant relation and bring the two families closer together. Noad had two choices. He would either marry the girl he did not love, or he could go against the wishes of parents and be expelled from his village. Actually he had another choice, one which none of his family foresaw. One day his friends found him slumped in a comma on hes bed after he had consumed two litres of a powerful insecticide.For more than 60 years the tropical Indonesian island of Bali has been portrayed to the outside world as a heavenly paradise where a strong culture and sense of community protect its inhabitants from the rigors of the modern world. It is an image supported by many millions of dollars from the international hotel community which provides luxury accommodation and facilities for nearly a million foreign visitors now travelling annually to the holiday island.Yet behind the marketing hype lies another story- one which exist in stark contrast to the sun, sand and sea”dream”. The truth is that the lives of Bali’s 2.7 million local inhabitants are often marked by poverty, suffering and family conflict. Ketut is a 22-year-old maid who works part-time for an expatriate resident in Ubud, in the centre of the island. Her husband works as a driver for a white-water rafting company which provides day trips to tourists.”sometimes i have no money for my baby because my husband gambles a ll his wages.” the husband’s father, unfamiliar with western support system, combats his son’s behavior by calling in the dukun, a spiritual” healer”who makes offerings to the bad spirits at play in his mind.60. You would expect to find this passage in______ ?A. A newspaperB. An advertisementC.a travel brochureD.a book61. It can be inferred from the paragraph 1 that the third choice that Noad’s family failed to foresee is that____.A. He fell into sleepB. He went against their wishes and left homeC. He commited suicideD. He started to take drugs62.In paragraph 2 it refers to______A. Strong culture.B. Sense of community.C. Heavenly paradise.D. The modern world.BCC(C)Most people dont leave their front door unlocked, and the same is true of their home Wi-Fi networks. But some believe that preventing access to your wireless Internet actually does more harm than good. Peter Eckersley of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an organisation devoted to defending digital rights, is calling for an "Open Wireless Movement" and encouraging people to be "socially responsible" by sharing their connection. Eckersley compares the current situation of locked-down networks to "finding yourself parched(干透的)and thirsty while everyone around you is sipping from nice tall glasses of iced water", and offers a technological solution. We restrict access to our networks for two reasons: to prevent other people from using up our bandwidth, and to ensure our security and privacy. He suggests we can still protect ourselves from both problems by using routers(路由器)that share a certain amount of bandwidth in the open while also providing an encrypted(加密的)connection for personal use, but such technology already exists, and people arent choosing to use it. Perhaps the problem is not technological, but legal, as home users dont want to be responsible for the activities of others on their network. Quite understandable, really. But Eckersleysays that "individuals can enjoy the same legal protections against liability as any other Internet access provider", but the law is far from clear in this area and differs from country to country. In a footnote on his article, Eckersley says US law "may" offer protection, but that didnt prevent a man who left his network open from being called a paedophile(恋童癖者)by armed police in his living room this past weekend. Courts in Germany have previously ruled that people can be fined if they allow unauthorised users to access illegal materials through their connection, while in the UK disputes over recent changes to the law leave the matter uncertain. Perhaps these legal concerns can be overcome by turning to an unlikely role-model — Estonia, where access to the Internet is a legal human right. The country is blanketed in a network of free Wi-Fi access points in cafes, bars and other public locations, allowing people to easily get online almost anywhere. So who wants to open up their network first?63 What does the author say about the Electronic Frontier Foundation?A．It encourages people to share their networks.B．Its work is about protecting digital rights.C．It is advocating an "Open Wireless Movement".D．Its main business is trading electronics.64. One reason leading most people to lock their network is________A. Laws protect home users of internet from responsibilities.B. Internet access provides take no responsibility for their users’ illegal activitiesC. Home users enjoy the same right as internet access providers.D. It is internet access provid ers who should be responsible for their user’s activities.65. What can be inferred from Eckersley’s words individual......internet access provider in para4_________.A. Laws protects home users of internet from responsibilitiesB. Internet access providers take no responsibility for their for their user’s illegal activities.C. Home users enjoy the same rights as internet access providersD it is internet access providers who should be responsible for their user’s activities.66. What information can be got about Estonia from the passage? .A.It restricts free access to internetB. Free Wi-Fi is set up all over the countryC. It is impossible for other countries to follow its suitD its people can get free Wi-Fi access almost everywhere.BCBDSection DDirections: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Second Life is an online imaginary world where a computer user can create a new self and experience a separate life. Second Life is similar to other popular "massively multiplayer online role-playing games." The company Linden Lab of San Francisco, California created Second Life in two thousand three.____67____Then he or she creates an electronic image, or animated character, called an avatar. Some people try to make their avatar look as close to their real self as possible. Other people change their sex or become an imaginary creature as their Second Life avatar.Once you have your avatar you become a "resident" of Second Life. ____68____Your avatar also can make friends with other Second Life avatars. Residents can go to school, own a business, even get married. But, there are also activities in Second Life that are impossible in the real world. For example, if you do not feel like walking to that park near your Second Life home, why not fly?____69____But it costs money to get other accounts and to buy land. The virtual world has its own currency, the Linden dollar. You use these to buy virtual clothes, property, entertainment and many other things. You can earn Linden dollars by working at a job. That unreal money has a real life value. About two hundred fifty Linden dollars are worth one American dollar.Second Life is popular among schools and businesses.Many universities have set up campuses on the Web site. Many kinds of stores can also be found there. And, entertainers sometimesperform live on Second Life with their Second Life avatars.____70____It is said that the total number of residents is more than thirteen million from more than one hundred countries.BCDFIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a joy to be you ngA noted American psychologist once remarked that childhood is a magical period in one’s life．Indeed it is, for during childhood, one undergoes a step-by-step transformation not only in mental capacity, but also in physical and verbal skills．Each step signals an increase in the difficulty of a child’s conceptual and learning abilities．During the early stages of childhood, from infancy to about five, the child learns simple skills including using the toilet, bathing and dressing himself independently．At this stage, he also learns to be very observant, curious, imaginative and creative．His ability to remember things also leaps at this stage．He remembers details that an adult may have difficulty in remembering．Gradually , he learns elementary skills in problem-solving．As he graduates to the later stages of childhood bordering on the teenage years, the child learns the complexities of human relations and socialization by interacting with his peers—his friends and schoolmates．He also learns to experiment with new life situations, including dates and part-time work．Given a tight schedule of schoolwork, the child learns to prepare his own schedules of work and play.Some youngsters look at life pessimistically. They complain that it is a tragedy to be young because they are faced with what they consider insumountable(无法克服的）problems and pressures at home and school, let alone with the opposite sex. Given that, however, children’s pressures pale in comprison with the adults’. It is true that studying can be burdensome at times, but at least children do not have the same pressure and burden that adults feel-the burden of working to make endsmeet and give the children a decent and comfortable life.It is an inescapable truth that childhood is a happy stage- a time of sheer joy, innocence and freedom from the complexities and challenges of the adult world.第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这位演讲者见多识广，在台上总能处变不惊。
2016年上海中学东校高三12月月考卷语法填空For years and years people in USA (21) ________(say)that the railways are dead. “We can do without railways.” People say…as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep(22) ______(hear) tha t trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they’re dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you are intending(23) ________(carry) people or goods from place to place, they are(24) _________(cheap)than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and (25)_________ does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It do esn’t leave you up(26)____ a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods(27) _______no plane or a motorcar could ever do.Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, less(28)_______(trouble) journey. Where else(29) ______you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling(30) _______150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly for the same reason. Have been saying hearing to carry cheaper so as which troubledcan at易错题分析：21. 从标志词For years and years可以判断出句子的时态为现在完成进行时；25.从句子结构判断出为倒装句表“。
也是”，所以用so；26．从语义判断出句意为“正如飞机一样”，所以用as;十一选十Being overweight in middle-age makes the brain (31)________by 10 years, research by the University of Cambridge has found.The study, which(32) ________473 brains, found changes in the brain structure of overweight people which are(33)________ seen in those far older.The volume of white matter - the tissue that connects areas of the brain and allows information to be communicated between regions - (34)__________far more in those with a Body Mass Index above 25. Shrinkage of parts of the brain is associated with a higher risk of cognitive (35)_________and dementia.The Cambridge Study found no differences in cognitive skills when participants underwent IQ tests. But the men and women will be scanned as they get older, to check for changes which indicate mental decline.Human brains naturally shrink with age, but scientists are increasingly recognising that obesity - already linked to conditions such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease - may also affect the onset and(36) ________of brain ageing.In the study of people aged between 20 and 87, researchers looked at the(37) ________of obesity on brain structure across the adult lifespan.Researchers divided the groups into two categories: (38)_________and overweight, depending on whether their BMI was above or below 25. They found(39) ________differences in the volume of white matter. Overweight individuals had a widespread reduction in white matter compared with lean people.The team then calculated how white matter volume related to age across the two groups. They discovered that an overweight person at 50 had a(40) _________white matter volume to a lean person aged 60.Researchers only observed these differences from middle-age onwards, suggesting that brains may be particularly vulnerable during this period of ageing.E D C H I K J B G F易错题分析：32. 根据标志词brainsbrain structure词性和句子意思可以判断出是扫描大脑，所以用scanned33. 根据标志词Shrinkage of parts的提示，可以判断出来这空填shrunk；35. 此处易错主要是学生通常把decline看成动词，忽略它的名词的性质，所以容易错；40. 此处学生可能容易判断错词性，把它当成缺乏副词，所以容易写错，根据句子意思，这里是“50多的人比起60多岁的人，白质相当多”可以判断出来这空填comparable 完型Language is hard. In fact, it’s infinitely harder and more complicated than math. And yet, nearly every small child can learn and master language.Why is math so overwhelming for so many students? And how high is the price we pay from having so many math- (41) _______ or even math-illiterate people in our society? Too high, especially as the ability to grasp data and pursue advanced work that involves math is becoming increasingly(42) _________ for both citizens and job applicants.But how many of us feel incapable, rather than poorly taught, when we are confronted with the rigors of math? How many children who struggled to grasp math concepts, who lacked the necessary tool kit, were led to feel stupid, even demeaned?Compare it to spoken or written language. When you make a mistake, a teacher corrects the part that is wrong. And then you(43) _______. With math, if you don’t have the correct result, it is typically treated as wrong. And, as mistake after mistake(44) __________, too many students simply give up: I can’t do math.But math is not about intelligence. It’s a language that too many people never learn, often because the education process(45)________ the number of ways that a given person can arrive at a given solution.That’s not a failure of children to learn. That’s a failure of (46)________. It’s a failure of the school. We should not blame the student. (These are children, after all.)Part of the challenge is to identify the gaps in knowledge, to (47)________ that the challenge is not that a student simply doesn’t understand algebra or trigonometry or whatever. There may be a particular basic concept that stands(48)________of going forward in math, as well as other fields such as social science or engineering.Overcoming this block requires moving beyond broad industrialized education and to,(49)_________ learning that allows students to find their own way in. Show me a thousand students and I’ll show you a thousand (50)_______ pathways that they might ta ke to achieve math success. With new digital technologies and a massive amount of data collection and analytics, we have the ability to help students identify the essential concepts they don’t understand. We have data on all the students that solved a particular math problem and those that failed to solve it. We also have data on the problems they were able to solve prior to that.So as a student recognizes that they are(51)______ with, say, negative number concepts, they can go back and master the material—to fill in the gaps that allows them to go forward. And when they hit another tough spot? They can jump to the problems that allow them to master that concept. The hope is that as they progress, their interest and enthusiasm(52)________.We are pursuing this approach at the university level. We also are seeking to incorporate this approach at the high school, middle school and elementary levels. This will make it possible for a growing number of students to pursue degrees and careers that they never thought.In the years ahead, that mindset, borne out of the failure of math instruction, should(53)_________. If we can succeed at breaking down the (54)________ that there’s something wrong with a 3rd grader who cannot learn math—rather than something wrong with the teaching process—then we can look forward to new generations of math-literate citizens. Whatever career they choose, they will be more confident and more capable to understand and contribute to an increasingly complex, (55)_______ driven world.学语言真的很难。
