船舶英语外文翻译 Longitudinal strength of ships with accidental

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船舶常用英语

General arrangement 总布置Interior arrangement 舱室布置Engine room arrangement 机舱布置Compass deck 罗经甲板Navigation deck, bridge deck 驾驶甲板Boat deck 艇甲板Promenade deck 游步甲板Accommodation deck 起居甲板Helicopter deck 直升机甲板Upper deck 上甲板Winch platform 起货机平台Passage , passage way 通道Wheel house 驾驶室Chart room 海图室Radio room 报务室Radar room 雷达室Engine room 机舱Centralized control room for machineries 机舱集控室Reactor room 反应堆舱Boiler room 锅炉舱Pump room 泵舱Chain locker 锚链舱Steering engine room, steering gear room 舵机舱Fan room 通风机室Air conditioning unit room 空调机室Refrigerator room 冷冻机室Fire-smothering unit room 灭火装置室Emergency generator room 应急发电机室Commutator room 变流机室Battery room 蓄电池室Gyro-compass room 陀螺罗经室Mast room 桅室Sonar transducer space 声纳舱Log room 计程仪舱CO2 room CO 2室Paint room 油漆间Lamp room 灯具间Windlass room 起锚机室Anchor winch, anchor windlass 起锚机Mooring winch 拖缆机，系泊绞车Accommodation 起居舱室Cabin 居住舱室Captain’s room 船长室Crew’s room 船员室Passenger cabin 客舱Chief engineer officer’s room 轮机长室Engineer’s room 轮机员室1st officer’s room, chief officer’s room 大副室2nd officer’s room 二副室1st engineer officer’s room 大管轮室2nd engineer officer’s room 二管轮室Galley 厨房Mess 餐厅Smoking room 吸烟室Hospital 医务室Changing room 更衣室Game room 娱乐室Water closet (WC) 卫生间Bath room 浴室Washing room, laundry 洗衣间Dry room 烘干间Cargo hold, cargo space 货舱Cargo oil tank 货油舱Container hold 集装箱船Refrigerated cargo hold 冷藏货舱Liquified natural gas tank 液化天然气舱Liquefied petroleum gas tank 液化石油气舱Mail room 邮件舱Luggage room 行李舱Liquid tank 液舱Fuel oil tank 燃油舱Lubricant oil tank 滑油舱Overflow oil tank 溢油舱Dirty oil tank 污油舱Ballast water tank 压载水舱Fresh water tank 淡水舱Drinking water tank 饮水舱Feed water tank 锅炉水舱Light diesel oil tank, marine diesel oil tank 轻柴油舱Heavy diesel oil tank 重柴油舱Heavy fuel oil tank 重油舱Fuel oil daily tank, fuel oil service tank 日用燃油舱（柜）Settling tank 沉淀舱Sludge tank 油渣舱Circulating lub oil tank 循环油舱Double bottom tank 双层底舱Void 空舱Bilge tank 污水舱Slop tank 污油水舱Store 贮藏室Hawser store 帆缆间Fore peak 艏尖舱After peak 尾尖舱Bottom side tank 底边舱Top side tank 顶边舱Wing tank 边舱Hold 底舱Deep tank 深舱Tween deck cargo space 甲板间舱Cofferdam 空隔舱Molded hull surface 船体型表面Hull form 船体线型Bare hull, naked hull 裸船体Molded volume 型排水体积（任一水面下，船舶裸船体所排开的水的体积）Appendages 附体（水线以下突出于船体型表面以外的物体，包括轴包套、艉轴架、轴、舵、螺旋桨、舭龙骨、方龙骨、减摇鳍、导流罩等，但不包括外板在内）Principle particulars 主要要素Principle coordinate planes 主坐标平面Base plane 基平面Center line plane 中线面Mid station plane 中站面Base line 基线Principle dimensions 主尺度Length overall 总长Extreme length 最大长Length between perpendiculars 垂线间长Waterline length 水线长Designed waterline length 设计水线长Load waterline length 满载水线长Molded breadth 型宽Waterline breadth 水线宽Extreme breadth 最大宽Molded depth 型深Draft 吃水Molded draft 型吃水Designed draft 设计吃水Fore draft 艏吃水After draft 艉吃水Mean draft 平均吃水Navigational draft 外形吃水Loaded draft 满载吃水Draft mark 吃水标志Lines plan 型线图Forward perpendiculars 艏垂线After perpendiculars 艉垂线Grid 格子线Ordinate station 站（在型线图中，沿基线将垂线间长或设计水线长分成若干间距的各点，及其在半宽水线图上沿中线面的相应投影点。

U7L2纵向强度(1)

Locally局部地 this equilibrium will not be realized because

the smogeneous object. 由于船舶不是箱型均匀体，这种平衡在局部上是达不到的。 The local differences between upward pressure of buoyancy and the ship’s local weight give rise to shearing forces, Qx that lead to longitudinal tensions and the bending moment, Mx. 船舶局部浮力和重量的差值造成可导致纵向应力的剪力Qx 和弯矩Mx的产生。 The greatest forces moments and stresses that affect the ship hull are expressed as bending and buckling in the longitudinal vertical plane. 影响船体的最大力矩和应力表示为纵向垂面上的弯曲变形。
产生的力的类型对每条船来讲是相同的，但力的大小和作
1. Types of forces that occur are
for every ship when floating or moving through the water. A. different 不同的 B. identical 完全相同的 C. similar相似的 D. not mentioned没有提到答案：B
5. When the forces disappears, the ship will
its
original shape due to ship’s hull flexibility. A. deflect挠曲 B. regain恢复 C. maintain保持 D. alter改变答案：B

船舶英文名词

船舶英文名词船舶结构部件名称以及相关名词2014-05-13 中国海员之家1．1船长1）总长Loa：length of overall2）垂线间长Lbp：length between perpendiculars3）登记船长L：registered length4）干舷长Lf：freeboard length5）船舶分舱长度LS：subdivision length6）艉垂线：aft perpendicular7）艏垂线：forward perpendicular8）后端点：aft end point9）挪威规范，英国规范：Oslo Rules, UK Rules10）前端点：fore end point11）美国规范：USA Rules12）艏楼甲板：F’cle Dk13）日本规范: Japanese Rules14）艏柱：stem15）水线长：length of water line16）干舷长前端点: forward end of freeboard length1．2 船宽1）登记船宽B：registered breadth2）上甲板Upp Deck3）角隅圆弧的断点：termination of corner radius4）干舷船宽Bf : breadth of ship for freeboard5）分舱船宽Bs : subdivision breadth of ship1．3 型深（D）depth1．4 吃水d: draught or draft1．5 干舷: freeboard1．6 吨位及舱容tonnage and cargo capacity总吨gross tonnage 净吨net tonnage苏伊士运河吨位Suez Canal tonnage巴拿马运河吨位Panama Canal tonnage排水量displacement载重吨deadweight国家吨位national tonnage国际吨位international tonnage包装货物舱容bale capacity谷物舱容grain capacity外板shell plating 护肋材sparring谷物容积限度grain capacity捆包容积限度limit of bale capacityg表示谷物容积g indicates grain capacity b表示捆包容积b indicates bale capacity底部垫木bottom ceiling1．7船速speed1．8 船型系数block coefficient细长型fine form 肥大型full form 方形系数block coefficient (Cb)中横剖面系数midship coefficient (Cm)棱形系数prismatic coefficient (Cp)水线面系数water plane coefficient (Cw)1．9描述船舶动态及静态的词汇terms to describe the dynamic[dai’nAmik] conditions and static positions纵倾trim 艉翘trim by stern 艏翘trim by head无纵倾状态even keel (non-trimmed condition)横倾heel or list 船体运动ship motion横摇rolling纵摇pitching艏摇yawing垂荡heaving横荡swaying纵荡surging1．10描述船体构件受力及变形的词汇describe the movement of hull structural member弯曲bending 扭曲twisting 屈曲buckling振动vibration 剪切sheering 横摇rolling 强摇racking1．11其他基本词汇(1)1）左舷port side 2) 右舷starboard side3) 纵向longitudinal 4) 横向transverse5) 水平horizontal 6) 垂直vertical 7) 中心线centre line (CL & )8) 舯midship or amidships (expressed by symbol )9) 船中区域midship part (0.4L ~ 0.5L)10) 船首bow 11) 艏柱stem 12) 艏部bow part or fore part13) 艏垂线fore perpendicular (FP)14) 艉柱stern 15) 艉部stern part or aft part16) 艉垂线aft perpendicular (AP)17) 尾端ends: these normally signify the end parts ofthe hull of a ship with 0.1L通常是指自船尾端始的0.1L的范围18) 基线base line (BL): normally the keel line 通常是指龙骨线19) 肋骨间距frame space 20) 肋骨线frame line21) 船体围长girth length: the length measured at the transverse section of the hull of a ship from gunnel to gunnel 在船体横截面上从一侧的船舷上沿量取到另一侧的船舷上沿的距离22) 龙骨上面top of keel 23) 折角线knuckle line (KL) 24) 折角点knuckle point25) 舷弧sheer 26) 艏舷弧fore sheer 27) 艉舷弧aft sheer 28) 梁拱camber29）甲板内倾tumble home 30) 外飘flare31）舭部升高rise of floor 32）平行部parallel part1．12其他基本词汇(2)1) 船桥甲板上缘top of bridge deck beam 2) 船桥楼外缘outline of bridge enclosure3) 上甲板梁上缘top of upper deck beam 4)梁拱camber5) 主甲板的内倾tumble home at upper deck6) 船桥甲板的内倾tumble home at bridge deck7) 上甲板边upper deck at side 8) 船中心线centre line of ship9) 舭部bilge part 10) 平板龙骨的一半half-side dimension of flat portion at keel11) 船中船桥甲板的型深moulded depth to bridge deck12) 船中主甲板处的型深moulded depth to upper deck13) 船中型吃水moulded draught1.13 线型lines1) 横剖线图body plan 2) 纵剖线图profile or sheer plan 3)半宽图水线half-breadth plan1.14其他图纸文件other plans and documents1) 除线型图之外,下列图纸被称为关键图(key plans):总体布置图general arrangement 中横剖面图midship section钢材构造图construction profile 外板展开图shell expansion2) 其他关键图以外的船体图纸被称为船厂图(yard plan):(1) 船体方面艏柱、艉柱、螺旋桨柱和舵结构stem, stern frame, propeller post and rudder甲板结构图deck plans 单底、双底结构图single bottom and double bottom水密和油密舱壁结构图watertight and oil tight bulkheads上层建筑端壁图superstructure end bulkhead船首、船尾、船底部抗拍击结构图arrangement to resist panting in both peaks and their vicinity [vi’siniti] 邻近, 接近支柱和甲板纵桁图pillars and deck girders 轴隧图shaft tunnels锅炉、主机、推力轴承、中间轴承、发电机和其它重要辅机基座图Seating of boiler, engine, thrust and plummer blocks dynamos 发电机机舱棚图machinery casings长甲板室结构图long deckhouse桅杆、桅室和绞车平台结构图masts and mast houses and winch platforms泵布置图pumping arrangements甲板装原木时绑扎装置布置图timber deck cargo security arrangements防火构造图construction for fire protection消防布置图plans showing fire extinguishing arrangement逃生路径布置图plans showing escape routes舱室路径图plans showing arrangement for access of tank and space(2) 轮机方面机器处所布置图machinery arrangement of machinery space船内通讯系统图diagram for internal communication system主、辅机图main and auxiliary engines动力传动齿轮、轴系及螺旋桨图power transmission gears, shafting and propellers锅炉及压力容器图boiler and pressure vessel辅机和管系图auxiliary machinery and piping操舵装置图steering gear自动控制及遥控装置图automatic and remote controls备件spare part 电气装置electrical installations 船桥视界navigation bridge visibility(3) 其他图纸文件船体轮机设计说明书specifications for hull and machinery船中横剖面模数计算书calculation sheets for minimum athwartship (横越) section modulus (模数) in way of the midship part防腐式样书corrosion prevention scheme 稳性计算书stability calculation sheets破舱稳性计算书damage stability calculation sheets装载手册loading manual 绑扎手册security manual1．15 静水力曲线hydrostatic curves浮心距基线高度centre of buoyancy above base line (KB)浮心距船中centre of buoyancy from midship (B)漂心距船中centre of floatation from midship (F)每厘米吃水吨数tons per one centimeter immersion (TPC)每厘米纵倾力矩moment to change one centimeter (CTM)水线系数water plane coefficient (Cw)纵稳心距基线高longitudinal metacentre above base line (LKM)横稳心距基线高transverse metacentre above base line (KM)棱形系数prismatic [priz’mAtik] coefficient (Cp)垂直棱形系数vertical prismatic coefficient (Cvp)方形系数block coefficient (Cb)型排水量displacement in tons excluding appendages (附件，附属物)总排水量displacement in tons including appendages船体湿表面面积wetted surface area (W.S.)1.16 稳性stability1）静态稳性intact stability 2）动态稳性dynamic stability3）稳性判据stability criteria （标准）4）稳性曲线stability curves5）倾斜试验inclining test 6）重心高度KG (height of centre of gravity)7）稳心高度KM (height of metacentre)8）初稳性高度GM 9）静稳性力臂GZ10）自由液面的影响free water effect11）大倾角稳性stability at a large inclination angle12）稳性十字曲线cross curves of stability13）纵向稳性longitudinal stability 14）横向稳性transverse stability15）破舱稳性damage stability 16）浸水计算flooding calculation17）浸水概率flooding probability 18）分舱compartment19）生存条件survival requirement 20）最终状态final stage21）生存概率survival probability 22）分舱指数subdivision index23）处所渗透率permeability of a space24）许用GM0曲线permissible GM0 curve1．17 波浪wave斯托克波stokes wave 正弦波sine wave 摆动波trochoidal wave船行波wave generated by ship sailing 散波divergent wave船尾横波stern transverse eave 船首横波bow transverse wave1．18 船体强度strength of ship船体垂向弯曲最终强度vertical bending ultimate strength船体梁强度hull girder strength 纵向强度longitudinal strength纵向弯距longitudinal bending moment 剪切力sheering force中拱hogging 中垂sagging静水弯距longitudinal bending moment in still water (Ms)波浪弯矩Mw(+) and Mw (-) wave induced longitudinal bending moment横向强度transverse strength 扭转强度twisting strength局部强度local strength 失稳强度buckling strength受压失稳强度compressive buckling strength剪切失稳强度sheer buckling strength直接强度计算/分析direct strength calculation / analyzing疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳强度解析、评价fatigue strength anlyze, assessment应力集中stress concentration波浪周期wave period 随浪following wave 顶浪heading sea 横浪beam wave 波浪载荷wave load 垂向波浪弯距vertical wave bending moment波浪变动压hydrodynamic (水力，流体动力学)pressure舱室内压internal pressure 许用应力allowable stress最小弯距Wmin 剖面模数section modulus惯性矩moment of inertia强度连续性continuity of strength 板架、板单元plate panel1．19 船体尺寸限制Panama 圣。

船体和轮机常用英语单词汇总

船体aircraft carrier 航母submarine 潜艇air cushion vehicle 气垫船longitudinal strength 总纵强度transverse strength 横向强度local strength 局部应力hull 主船体superstructure 上层建筑stem 船首midship 船中stern 船尾forecastle 首楼brige 桥楼poop 尾楼deck house 甲板室ship bottom 船底ship side 舷侧upper deck 上甲板lower deck 下甲板transverse bulkhead 横舱壁longitudinal bulkhead 纵舱壁forepeak bulkhead 首尖舱壁afterpeak bulkhead 尾尖舱壁shell plate 外板seam 边接缝butt 端接缝strake 列板bottom plate 底板plate keel 平板龙骨bilge strake 舭列板side plate 舷侧外板sheer strake 舷顶列板second deck 第二甲板third deck 第三甲板platform deck 平台甲板deck plate 甲板板deck stringer 甲板边板sponson deck 舷伸甲板center keelson 中内龙骨side keelson 旁内龙骨T-bar T型材web 腹板bracket 肘板face plate 面板flange 折边板floor 肋板bilge bracket 舭肘板bulb plate 球扁钢angle bar 角钢bottom center girder 中底桁bottom side girder 旁底桁solid floor 主肋板watertight floor水密肋板bracket floor框架肋板lightened floor 轻型肋板stiffener 加强筋reverse frame 内底横骨bottom frame 船底肋骨inner bottom plate 内底板man hole 人孔margin plate 内底边板duct keel 箱型中底桁pipe tunnel 管隧longitudinal 纵骨bottom longitudinal 船底纵骨inner bottom longitudinal 内底纵骨bottom side tank 底边舱foundation seating 基座shaft tunnel 轴隧tunnel recess 尾室emergency exit 应急出口bilge keel 舭龙骨frame 肋骨integrated barge 分节驳main frame 主肋骨tweendeck frame 甲板间肋骨intermediate frame 中间肋骨web frame 强肋骨side stringer 舷侧纵桁side longitudinal 舷侧纵骨cross tie 撑杆wing tank 舷边舱ballast water tank 压载水舱torsion box 抗扭箱bulwark 舷墙fender 护舷材beam 横梁deck beam 甲板横梁half beam 半梁hatch end beam 舱口端横梁deck girder 甲板纵桁hatch side girder 舱口纵桁beam knee 梁肘板deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨web beam 强横梁cargo hatch 舱口hatch coaming 舱口围板gusset plate 菱形板hatch side cantilever 悬臂梁piller 支柱topside tank 顶边舱excess hatch 人员出入舱口expansion trunk 膨胀井cofferdam 隔离空舱partial bulkhead 局部舱壁plane bulkhead 平面舱壁bulkhead plate 舱壁板tweendeck bulkhead 甲板间舱壁vertical bow 直立型首raked bow 前倾型首clipper bow 飞剪型首icebreaker bow 破冰型首bulb bow 球鼻型首fore peak 首尖舱collision bulkhead 防撞舱壁raised floor 升高肋板panting beam 强胸横梁wash bulkhead 制荡舱壁chain locker 锚链舱stem 首柱steel plate stem 钢板首柱combination cast and rolled stem 铸钢和钢板混合式首柱forged steel stem 锻钢首柱thruster 侧推器elliptical stern 椭圆型尾cruiser stern 巡洋舰型尾transom stern 方型尾after peak 尾尖舱shaft tube 艉轴管cant frame 斜肋骨cant beam 斜横梁stern frame尾柱rudder post舵柱propeller post 螺旋桨柱shoe piece 尾柱底骨propeller shaft strut 艉轴架A-bracket 人字架shell bossing 轴包套spectacle frame 眼镜形骨架accommodation deck 起居甲板boat deck 艇甲板navigation deck 驾驶甲板compass deck 罗经甲板compass plateform 罗经平台expansion joint 伸缩接头engine casing 机舱棚derrick post 桅柱derrick plateform 起货机平台tower post 塔式桅pressure hull 耐压舰体pressure structure 耐压结构non pressure structure 非耐压结构pressure conning tower 耐压指挥台pressure tank 耐压水舱pressure bulkhead 耐压舱壁oil ballast tank 燃油压载水舱conning tower sail 指挥台围壳exhaust valve 排气阀camshaft 凸轮轴crankshaft 曲轴crosshead 十字头connecting rod 连杆tie bolt 地脚螺栓轮机英语ashore 在岸上，陆地上shipchandler 船舶供应商saloon 大台，大厅，酒吧，展览会场，motorman 机工agent 代理cabin 舱室corridor 走廊brief discription 简短，简要的介绍domestic 国内的，家庭的|佣人，国货materials 材料installation 安装，装置marine diesel engine 船用柴油机horsepower 马力diesel 柴油cylinder 汽缸bore 钻孔，孔cylinder bore 缸径piston 活塞stroke 冲程，打击，笔画piston stroke 活塞冲程compressor 压缩机the oil-burning vertical type auxiliary boiler 立式燃油辅助锅炉automatic changover switch 自动转换开关marine animals and plants 海洋动植物compound 混合，化合物，混合物，妥协chemical compound 化学添加剂corrosive 腐蚀copper 铜aluminium 铝instruction manual 说明书Asian 亚洲人alien 外国的，相异的，性质不同的，外侨，转让the living expenditure 生活费用spare part 备件urgent 急切的，迫切的recall the order 取消订单surveyor 验船师leakage of fuel oil 漏油nozzle nap喷嘴帽injector 喷油器on the spot 现场B register of shipping B船级社bunkering 加油terminal 终点，终极oil company’s terminal 油品公司码头barge 驳船application 应用，申请store 储备，储藏high reputation 信誉好tempting 诱人的，吸引人的quote 引述，举证catalogue 目录bolt 螺栓freon 氟利昂brake 刹车expansion valve 膨胀阀air-mailed 空运Fax 传真whole threaded 全丝双头螺栓stud 大头钉screw pitch 螺距hexagon nipple 六角管接头washer 垫圈，洗涤器，洗衣人micrometer 千分表the wire stripping pliers 剥皮钳specification 规格invoice 发票tug 拖轮joint 接头the harbour office 港务局specific gravity 比重viscosity 粘度warranty 担保，保证，授权substitute 代替duplicate 复制，副本alongside 在旁边，在…旁边portside 左舷starboard 右舷hose 软管diameter 直径gangway 跳板，舷梯the fire hoses and equipment 消防管道和设备precaution 预防，警惕plug 塞住the deck scupper pipe 甲板排水管leakage泄露choke 窒息，堵塞dismantle 拆除tank 舱室trim 整齐，修整the temperature correction factor 温度修正系数acid number 酸值ash content 灰度main engine 主机fuel oil heater 燃油加热器pilot 引水员lube oil 滑油diesel oil 柴油revolution 旋转，革命，运行，循环the hydraulic valve 液压阀nitrogen 氮installation 安装，就职，装置the warm-up valve 暖缸阀the circulating lube oil tank 循环油柜filter 过滤器clamp 夹紧，固定住joint 垫子previous 以前的，早先的generator 发电机the prime mover 原动机liner 钢衬crack 裂缝turbochanger 涡轮增压器shift 轮班，移动，转变main air compressor 主空气增压器workshop 车间overtime work 加班foreman 工头the air cooler 空冷器abnormal noise 声音异常inlet/outlet 进口/出口supercharger 增压器the tube leakage 管子泄露the fouling脏堵the chemical cleaning equipment 化学清洗设备the air seal 气封felt 毡silencer 消音器disassembling 解体the cooling copper tube 冷却铜管the cooling ribs around the tube管上的散热翅片make-do with sth 凑合auxiliary engine 辅机cylinder 汽缸the cylinder head 缸头ground 研磨the inlet and exhaust valves 进排气阀trial 试验the end cover 端盖the valve seat 阀座piston ring活塞环crank 曲轴the crank bearing 曲轴轴承the oil sump 油底壳magnet 磁铁storekeeper 保管员the special tool 专用工具torque spanner 扭力扳手screw nut 螺帽loose 松的hydraulic tool 液压工具groove 槽the piston ring groove 活塞环槽gap 天地，缺口，空白machined 车削加工过storeroom 仓库the worn-out flare 磨损的喇叭口the bearing shell 轴承瓦the piston pin活塞销rag 破布bulletin 公告scraper ring 刮油环in triplicate 一式三份burr 毛刺crank bearing bushes 曲柄销轴瓦polish 抛光oilstone 油石oil sump 油底壳replenish the oil 加油the scavenger pressure 扫气压力the engine trial 试车surge喘振dismantle 拆卸fly-wheel 飞轮the up-side-down type 倒挂式oil filter 滤油器the indicator cock 示功考克crankcase 曲柄箱boiler 锅炉weld 焊接the blow-down pipe 排污管slope vessel 污水船the flue door 烟道drawing 图纸you can count on me 你可以放心the combustion chamber 燃烧室refractory line 炉墙peeled off 剥落high percentage of carbon 高含碳量the boiler automatic feed control 锅炉自动给水控制the combustion automatic control 燃烧自动控制low water level 低水位the light resistor 光敏电阻the ignition electrode 点火电极the ignition injector 点火油头the buoy for the water level control 水位控制浮子the scale is very thick 水垢很厚the relay for the high and low water levels高低水位接触器the insulating material of some wires was aged and peeled off 一些电线的绝缘层都易老化并脱落avometer 万用电表the solenoid valve 电磁阀flange法兰blind plate 盲板the oil way 油路scavenge the boiler 炉内扫气。

船舶动力主要专业英汉词汇

主要专业词汇1、ｃrｅｗmeｍber船员2、cａptain船长3、chief ｅngineer轮机长4、cｈiｅｆmate大副5、seｃonｄｅnｇｉｎeｅr大管轮6、ｓecｏｎｄmate 二副7、thirdｅnｇiｎｅer二管轮８、ｔｈｉrd mate 三副9、ｆourth eｎgiｎｅer三管轮10、assistant engｉｎeeｒ轮助11、elｅctriｃal engｉｎeer电机员12、mｅchanｉc机工、机匠13、sｈip船舶１4、dieｓel boaｔ柴油船舶15、ｅlecｔｒｉc proｐuｌｓion shｉp电力推进船１6、lｉft on/off ship 吊装船１7、ｃoｎｔaineｒship集装箱船18、cａｒｇoｓhｉｐ货船1９、dry cａｒgo ｓhip干货船20、harbor ｂoat港作船2１、pasｓｅnｇer shｉｐ客船22、oｒeｃarriｅｒ矿砂船23、rｅfrigeｒated caｒgo ship冷藏船2４、mulｔipurpｏsｅｔｏwｉng ｓhip多用途拖船２5、nｕcleａｒpoweｒｅd veｓsel核动力船2６、ｓteａm tｕｒｂiｎe shiｐ汽轮机船2７、gａs tｕrbinｅship燃气轮机船2８、ocean-goinｇshiｐ远洋船２9、oｉl wａter dｉｓｐosal ｂｏat油污水处理船30、oｉl tankeｒ油船31、general cargoｓｈｉp杂货船32、hｕlｌstrength船体强度3３、hoggｉng中拱34、sａgｇing中垂35、ｌongｉtｕｄｉual rigi ｄiy总刚度36、torsioｎal stｒeｎgtｈ扭转强度37、loｃａｌsｔrｅngｔh 局部强度3８、ｓhell plaｔe外板39、hull sｔructure船体结构4０、trａnｓvｅrｓe sｙstｅm ｏf ｆｒaming横骨架式41、lｏngitudｉnal systｅm oｆｆrａｍinｇ纵骨架式42、cｏmbiｎａtiｏn sｙｓtｅm oｆｆｒａmｉnｇ混合骨架式43、fｒaming管架4４、truss纵骨45、goｒdeｒ纵行46、lonｇｉtudinａl纵骨47、single ｓtrakｅ单板48、ｄｏubｌeｂottom双层底49、bｉｌge stｒake舭列板50、ｋｅｅl龙骨５1、flｏoｒ肋底５２、fｒame肋骨５3、frame sｐacing肋骨间距5４、stern post尾柱55、stｅm首柱５6、pｒopellｅr strut尾轴架５7、steｒn tubｅ尾轴管5８、ｓｈaft tuｎnel轴隧59、ｆlｏatingｃoｎditｉｏn浮态６0、buoyancy 浮性61、hｅｅl横倾62、ｔrim纵倾63、cｅntｅr gｒａvity重心６4、center of ｆｌoａtaｔion漂心65、stａbility稳性66、metａcentｅr稳心67、stａticａl ｓtａbiliｔy静稳性6８、iniｔｉaｌsｔabｉliｔy初稳性69、stabiｌity at large ａｎgleｓ大倾角稳性70、rudder舵71、ｆlat－plate rｕdder平板舵72、baｌancｅｄｒudd ｅｒ平衡舵7３、streａmliｎe rudｄer流线型舵７4、underｈunｇrｕd ｄer悬挂舵7５、flag-ｔyｐe ruddｅr襟翼舵7６、ｓteeｒiｎｅgear 操舵装置７7、aｎｃhoｒ锚７８、liｇｈtwｅigｈｔanｃｈor大抓力锚79、ａdｍｉrａlty ａｎchor海军锚8０、siｎgle－ｆluke aｎchor单爪锚8１、ｓtock aｎchor有杆锚82、anchｏr chain锚链8３、chaiｎｃabｌe coｍpreｓsor制链器84、moｏring bitt带缆桩８5、mｏorｉnｇcleat带缆羊角86、faｉrlead导缆器8７、ｃarｇoｈaｎdiｎggear起货设备8８、deｒrｉck ｒig 吊杆装置8９、liｆe ｂｏaｔ救生艇90、uncｌosed lifｅｂoaｔ开敞式救生艇９1、cｌosｅd lifeboａt封闭式救生船９２、liｆebｕoy救生圈９3、watｅrtightｄooｒ水密门94、sliding ｗaｔertｉghtｄｏor滑动水密门９5、fire ｐｒoｏf door防火门9６、fuelｏil system 燃油系统97、tracｅr liｎe伴热管98、fuel tranｓferｐump 驳运泵99、sｅtting tank沉淀柜１00、oil sｅparatｏr分油机101、oil collectoｒ集油柜102、ｄａｉly seｒvｉｃｅｔaｎｋ日用柜103、fｕｅl comsuｍptiｏnｒate燃油消耗率104、fｕel boｏｓｔer puｍp燃油增压泵105、vent liｎe透气管1０６、dupｌｅx ｆｉｌter ｕniｔ双联滤器107、lubricatin ｇｓｙstem润滑系统108、magnｅtiｃfilter磁性滤器109、ｌuｂｅoilｐump 滑油泵110、luｂe ｏil cooler滑油冷却器1１1、lubｅoｉl drain tank 滑油循环柜１1２、cylinｄer lubｒicａｔion气缸滑油1１3、wet suｍp ｌu ｂricａtiｏn湿底滑油1１4、ｄry sumｐlubｒiｃａtioｎ干底滑油1１5、oil sump油底壳1１６、cooｌing sｙstem冷却系统117、ｆｒｅsh waterｃｏｏｌｅｒ淡水冷却器1１８、cloｓｅd cooling water systｅm闭式冷却119、fｒｅsh wateｒｃoｏｌer pump淡水冷却泵1２0、ｓea vａｌve海底阀1２1、sea chｅｓt 海底阀箱１2２、seａwａter strａiｎeｒ海水粗滤器12３、ｅxｐanｓion ｔaｎk膨胀水箱124、heａt exｃhanger热交换器125、ｏperaｔiｏnaｌcoｄe操作代码126、central cooｌingｓystem中央冷却系统12７、mａｒine poｌlution pｒevｅntion海洋防污染１2８、standarｄｄischarge ｃｏｎnｅction标准排放接头129、standaｒd shoｒe ｃonnection标准通岸接头1３０、de－oｉler除油器131、fａｅcal ｃolifor ｍ大肠杆菌1３2、shｉpboａrd ｍaｒｉｎｅpollution emergency plａn（SＭPEＰ）船舶海洋污染应急计划133、ｓhｉpboard oil polｌuｔiｏｎemｅrgency pｌaｎ(SＯＰＥP）船舶油污染应急计划134、pollutioｎbyｇaｒｂage froｍships船舶垃圾污染1３5、pollutｉon by sｅwaｇe from ships船舶生活污染１3６、shｉpboard incｉｎeｒootｉoｎ船上焚烧13７、noise level onｂoardｓhip船上噪音等级１3８、aｔmospherｉc pollution大气污染139、aｂａnｄon sｈip 弃船140、emｅrgeｎcy equipment应急设备141、stａtiｏn bill应急部署表１４2、ｅmeｒgｅｎｃy bｉlgｅpｕmｐ应急舱底泵143、emergｅnｃｙｂilｇe ｓuction应急舱底吸口1４4、emergenｃy ｖalve应急阀１45、eｍerｇency bａｔtery 应急蓄电池14５、eｍeｒgencｙgeｎeratｏｒ应急发电机boat faｌl 吊艇索boaｔgｕy 稳艇索bobstaｙ首斜尾拉索ﻫbodｙ plaｎ横剖面图ｂoｌt 螺栓,上螺栓固定Bonjeａn ｃurvｅ邦戎曲线bｏom 吊杆ﻫbｏsｓ螺旋桨轴榖ﻫboｔｔom side ｇirder 旁底桁ﻫboｔtｏm side taｎｋ底边舱botｔoｍtranｓveｒse 底列板bouｎｄａry layer 边界层ﻫbｏw line 前体纵剖线ﻫｂoｗ wavｅ艏波ﻫboｗsｐriｔ艏斜桅bｏw－tｈｒuster 艏侧推器bｏx ｇirdｅｒ箱桁braｃｋｅｔ floｏr 框架肋板ﻫbrａkｅ制动装置brａke baｎd 制动带ﻫbrａke ｃrank ａrm 制动曲柄ｂrａｋe drｕm 刹车卷筒ﻫbrakｅ hydｒauｌiｃｃyliｎdeｒ制动液压缸ﻫbraｋｅhyｄｒaｕｌic piｐe 刹车液压管breadｔh extrｅme 最大宽，计算宽度brｅadｔｈｍｏulded 型宽ｂrｅakbulk 件杂货ﻫbrｅaｓtｈoｏk 艏肘板bridge 桥楼，驾驶台ﻫbridgｅ coｎsoｌe ｓtand 驾驶室集中操作台ＢSRＡ英国船舶研究协会buｃklｅ屈曲ﻫbufｆer spｒing 缓冲弹簧bｕilt－up pｌate secｔion 组合型材bｕｌb platｅ球头扁钢ｂulｂoｕs ｂoｗ球状船艏,球鼻首ﻫbuｌk carrｉｅｒ散货船ﻫbulｋ oｉl cａｒrieｒ散装油轮bulkhｅad 舱壁ﻫbulwarｋ舷墙ﻫbuｌwark pｌaｔe 舷墙板bulwark ｓtay 舷墙支撑ﻫbuoy ｔender 航标船ﻫbｕoyａnt浮力的buoｙant box 浮箱Bureau Verｉtas 法国船级社ｂｕｔｔｗeld 对缝焊接ﻫｂｕttｅrflｙ sｃrew cap 蝶形螺帽ﻫbuttock 后体纵剖线bｙｃonｖｅｎtｉｏｎ按照惯例,按约定ﻫcａbｌｅ shiｐ布缆船ｃablｅ wiｎch 钢索绞车ﻫCAD(ｃomｐutｅｒ-ａideｄ design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer－aidｅd ｍanufaｃtｕｒｉｎg) 计算机辅助制造CＡM（cｏmputeｒ-aided enginｅering) 计算机辅助工程ｃambeｒ梁拱ﻫcaｎt beａm 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨ﻫcaｎtilever ｂeam 悬臂梁cａpaciｔｙ plan 舱容图ﻫCAPP（ｃomｐｕｔer –aiｄeｄｐｒｏceｓs plａnnｉｎg) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsiｚｉng mｏmｅnt 倾覆力臂cａptaiｎ船长ﻫcapｔuｒed-aｉr-bubbｌｅ veｈicｌe 束缚气泡减阻船cａrｇo cubｉc 货舱舱容,载货容积ﻫcａrｇo hａndlｉng 货物装卸ﻫcarｒiage 拖车,拖架ﻫcaｓt steｅl ｓtem pｏｓt 铸钢艏柱catamａｒan 高速双体船cａtamarａn 双体的cavｉtaｔion 空泡cａvitaｔion nuｍｂeｒ空泡数cａvitａtioｎ tｕnnel 空泡水筒ﻫcｅnteｒkｅeｌson 中内龙骨centerliｎｅｂｕlkhead 中纵舱壁ﻫcｅntｒｏiｄ型心,重心，质心,矩心ﻫchaｉn ｃａbｌe stoｐpeｒ制链器chart 海图ﻫchaｒterer 租船人chiｅf ｅnｇineer 轮机长ﻫcｈinｅ舭，舷，脊cｈｏck 导览钳CＩM(coｍpuｔer ｉntegratｅd manufａctｕring）计算机集成组合制造ﻫci ｒcｕlａｔｉｏｎｔheory 环流理论ﻫclassificａｔiｏｎｓoｃｉｅｔy 船级社cｌeat 系缆扣cｌipｐeｒ bｏw 飞剪型船首ｃluｔｃh 离合器coastaｌ cargo 沿海客货轮ﻫｃoffｅrｄａm 防撞舱壁ｃombinｅｄｃast anｄ roｌleｄ sｔem 混合型艏柱ﻫcommｅrcial sｈｉp 营利用船comｍｉsｓaｒｙ sｐaｃes 补给库舱室，粮食库ﻫｃomｍｏn carrｉer通用运输船commｕter 交通船ﻫcｏmｐarｔment 舱室compasｓ罗经concｅｐt design 概念设计coupｌe 力矩，力偶cｒaｎe 克令吊，起重机ﻫcrank 曲柄cｒesｔ（of waｖe) 波峰creｗquarteｒs船员居住舱ｃriterion 判据，准则ﻫCｒiｔical Path Mｅthod 关键路径法ﻫcｒｏss-channel aut ｏmobile ferriｅｓ横越海峡车客渡轮ｃｒｏss－sｅctioｎａl arｅa 横剖面面积ﻫｃroｗ’ｓｎest 桅杆瞭望台cruiｓer stern 巡洋舰尾ﻫcｒussing range 航程ﻫcｕp and bａll joint 球窝关节ﻫcｕｒvatｕre 曲率ﻫcurveｓｏf fｏrm 各船形曲线cushｉoｎoｆａｉr 气垫damaｇeｓtabilitｙ破损稳性ﻫdａmpｅｒ缓冲器ﻫdamping 阻尼ﻫdaviｔarm 吊臂ﻫdeａdｗeight 总载重量ﻫde-ballast 卸除压载deck linｅat sｉdｅ甲板边线ﻫｄeck longitｕdｉnal 甲板纵骨ﻫdeck striｎｇer甲板边板ｄeck tｒaｎsverse强横梁dｅcｋhouｓe 舱面室，甲板室deep v hulｌ深v型船体ﻫｄeｌｉvｅry交船deｐｔh 船深ﻫderｒicｋ起重机,吊杆ﻫdesign margiｎ设计余量dｅｓｉgn spiｒal 设计螺旋循环方式desｔroyer 驱逐舰ﻫdetacｈabｌe shacklｅ散合式连接卸扣ﻫdeｔailｄesiｇn 详细设计ﻫdiagonａlｓtiffｅｎｅr 斜置加强筋ﻫdiagｒam 图，原理图,设计图ﻫdiesel ｅngｉne 柴油机ﻫdｉmeｎsｉonless ratｉｏ无量纲比值ﻫdisｐlacement 排水量ﻫdｉspｌacemeｎt tｙｐe vessel 排水型船ﻫdistrｉｂuted load分布载荷ﻫｄｉvision站，划分，分隔ﻫdo ｗor ｋ做功dｏck 泊靠doｕbｌe hoｏk山字钩ﻫｄoｕble iteratｉon ｐroｃeｄuｒｅ双重迭代法ﻫdoｕbｌe rolleｒchoｃk双滚轮式导览钳ﻫdouｂle-acｔinｇｓteamｃylｉｎdｅｒ双向作用的蒸汽气缸ﻫdｏwn halyard降帆索draｆｔ吃水ﻫdraｇ阻力，拖拽力drａｉｎagｅ排水ﻫｄraugｈt 吃水,草图，设计图,牵引力ﻫdｒedge 挖泥船drift 漂移，偏航drillｉnｇriｇ钻架ﻫdｒilｌｓhｉp钻井船ﻫｄrｉve shaｆt驱动器轴ﻫｄｒivinｇgeaｒboｘ传动齿轮箱ﻫdrｉvｉng shaｆt systeｍ传动轴系ﻫdｒy ｄoｃk 干船坞dｕcted ｐropｅller 导管螺旋桨ﻫｄynamｉc suｐported crａft 动力支撑型船舶ﻫdｙnaｍｏmｅｔer 测力计，功率计ﻫe.h．p 有效马力ﻫeccentrｉc ｗheｅl偏心轮ﻫecｈｏ-sounder 回声探深仪ﻫｅdｄy 漩涡eｄdy-makinｇresistaｎce 漩涡阻力efｆiciｅncy 供给能力,供给量ｅlectroｈydｒauｌiｃ电动液压的ｅlecｔｒｏpｌateｒ电镀工ﻫeｌｅvations高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图,立视图,纵剖线图，海拔ﻫｅmpirical ｆormula经验公式ﻫencloseｄfaｂricaｔion shop封闭式装配车间eｎｃlｏsed lifebｏat封闭式救生艇eｎd ｏpｅn link 末端链环ﻫeｎd ｓｈacｋle末端卸扣endｕｒａncｅ续航力ｅndｕrａnce 续航力,全功率工作时间engine rooｍfｒａme机舱肋骨eｎgine room hａtｃｈｅnd beam 机舱口端梁ﻫensｉgn ｓtaff 船尾旗杆ﻫenｔrａnce 进流段erecｔion 装配，安装ｅxｈauｓt valvｅ排气阀expandｅd braｃket 延伸肘板ﻫexpaｎｓion jｏiｎt 伸缩接头eｘtrapolatｅ外插ｆaｉr光顺faisｅd fｌｏor 升高肋板ﻫfaｎ鼓风机ﻫｆatiｇｕe 疲劳ｆｅasｉbility study可行性研究ｆeａtheｒing blade 顺流变距桨叶fｅnｄｅｒ护舷ferｒy 渡轮,渡运航线fillet weｌｄconnection 贴角焊连接ﻫｆin angle feedｂack set 鳍角反馈装置finｅfast shｉp 纤细高速船ﻫｆiｎe foｒm 瘦长船型ﻫfiniteｅlement 有限元ﻫｆirｅtuｂe 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船舶英语外文翻译--船舶危险状态下的纵向强度计算

外文翻译Longitudinal strength of ships with accidentaldamagesGe Wang*, Yongjun Chen, Hanqing Zhang, Hua PengThis paper presents an investigation of the longitudinal strength of ships with damages due to grounding or collision accidents. Analytical equations are derived for the residual hull girder strength and verified with direct calculations of sample commercial ships for a broad spectrum of accidents. Hull girder ultimate strengths of these sample vessels under sagging and hogging conditions are also calculated, based on which correlation equations are proposed. To evaluate a grounded ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be optimistic, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be conservative. On the contrary, to evaluate a collided ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be conservative, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be optimistic. The derived analytical formulae are then applied to a fleet of 67 commercial ships, including 21 double hull tankers, 18 bulk carriers, 22 single hull tankers and six container carriers. The mean values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation for the coefficients in these new analytical formulae are obtained. The ship length exhibits little influence on these coefficients because they are close to the mean values although ship length spans from 150 to 400 m. The ship type shows some influence on the residual strength. Uniform equations are proposed for commercial ships which do not depend on a ship’s principal dim ensions. These formulae provide very handy tools for predicting the residual strength in seconds, without performing step-by-step detailed calculations, an obvious advantage in cases of emergency or salvage operation. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Residual strength; Hull girder ultimate strength; Section modulus; Damage; Collision;Grounding1. IntroductionTraditionally, ships have been designed to resist all loads expected to arise in their seagoing environment. The objecti ve in structural design has been to maintain a ship’s structural integrity for normal operating conditions. A combination of the most severe loads is usually selected as the nominal design load.Protection of a ship and the cargo it carries from damages incurred by accidents, though an essential issue in the design of watercraft, has been focused on subdividing a ship into compartments. National and international standards (Load Line,MARPOL, SOLAS, Classification Societies’ Rules) have established requi rements or watertight bulkheads and subdivision. Structural strength in collision, grounding or internal accidents (such as an explosion) has attracted very little attention.Public sensation increases each time there is a major loss of ships, cargo and life atsea, or when there is oil pollution from damaged ships. This motivates the development of design procedures and related analysis methods for accidental loads, in particular, the loads due to ship collision or grounding accidents.A ship may collapse after an accident because of inadequate longitudinal strength.However, the consequences of an accident on a ship’s strength are seldom investigated.Although there are some papers published on the residual strength of damaged ship hulls [1,2], this field still remains unexplored.This paper reports on an investigation of the longitudinal strength of damaged ship hulls for a broad spectrum of collision and grounding accidents. Both the hull girder section modulus and hull girder ultimate strength are calculated. We aim to obtain simple relations to assess residual hull girder strength, which may be used ashandy and reliable tools to help make timely decisions in the event of an emergency.Theoretical analyses are presented and analytical formulae are derived. Typical designs of 67 commercial ships, including 21 double hull tankers, 18 bulk carriers, 22 single hull tankers and six container carriers, which have lost portions of bottom shell plating and side shell plating, are analyzed to obtain such simple equations for predicting residual strength of damaged ships.2. Assumptions and analytical methods2.1. Section modulus of hull girdersIt has been a proven practice to use simple beam theory to analyze the global bending of hull girders. Many experiments have confirmed that the bending behavior of ships agrees quite well with the beam theory.The hull girder section modulus indicates the bending strength of the primary hull structures. The calculation of a midship section modulus is a very important step in basic ship design. Structural members that are continuous in the longitudinal direction are included in the calculation of the section modulus. Only members that are effective in both tension and compression are assumed to act as part of the hull girder. The section modulus to the deck or to the bottom is obtained by dividing the moment of inertia by the distance from the neutral axis to the molded deck line at the side or to the base line, respectively.2.2. Ultimate strength of hull girderThe hull girder section modulus is an indicator of initial buckling or initial yielding, which is usually not the state at which the ship achieves its ‘‘true’’ maximum bending capacity. Plates and longitudinals may experience elastic buckling, plastic buckling, post buckling, yielding, and/or fracture in the process of approaching hull girder ultimate strength.The so-called ultimate strength of hull girder corresponds to the maximum bending capacity beyond which the ship will break its back due to extensive yielding and buckling.The continuous improvement of knowledge regarding the behavior of hull girders and structural members has led to the development of various methods.ISSC 2000 Special Task Committee VI.2 [4] reviews the state-of-the-art technology for predicting hull girder ultimate strength. The committee conducted extensive benchmark calculations and assessed the uncertainties involved in these approaches.Among all groups of approaches (closed-form formulae, simplified analytical methods and nonlinear FEM simulations), the simplified analytical methods are favored by most analysts. These approaches save modeling time; they generally account for fabrication imperfections and provide reliable results. Extensive related studies have placed simplified methods as the first choice when one tries to calculate ultimate hull girder strength. A program of this kind, ALPS/ISUM[3], is used in this investigation.2.3. Extent of damages2.3. Extent of damagesEvery accident is different. The resulting damage also varies. Accidents require many parameters to describe the damage a ship sustains after an accident. A comprehensive description can easily fill a couple of pages or more, even though not all of the data is necessary for calculating hull girder strength. For simplicity, this paper uses definitions that are convenient for calculation but retain the main characteristics of accidental damages.For a grounding, it is assumed that the bottom shell and the attached bottom longitudinals are lost. No girders are assumed to be damaged after a grounding. This study investigates a broader range of bottom loss, up to 80% of ship breadth, to simulate minor to severe grounding damages.For a collision, it is assumed that the side shell and the attached longitudinals are lost. The damage starts from the deck at the side and extends downward. The deck stringer plate and longitudinal bulkhead that attach to the damaged side are assumed to be intact after an accident. A broad range of side shell loss, ranging from 5% to about 40% of ship depth, is considered.The assumptions mentioned above help to simplify the definition of damages. Only one parameter is used to describe the damage. Introduction of additional parameters is avoided. The focus is on shell plating, the first barrier from water flooding. Structures attached to the damaged shell are not considered with the assumption that they may be approximated by ‘‘smearing’’ as equivalent thickness of shell.There exist other assumptions with regard to damage extents. In the ABS Guide for assessing hull-girder residual strength [5], a grounding damage includes bottom girders attached to the damaged bottom shell to a certain depth; collision damage includes deck stringer plate and slope bulkhead plating attached to the damaged side shell plating for a specified extent. Paik et al. [1] defined collision and grounding damages according to this ABS Guide. For sensitivity studies, they analyzed 0.8 to 1.2 times the specified damage extents described in the ABS Guide. Wang et al. [2] analyzed a broad range of bottom damage, spanning from minor to substantial damage. Wang et al. also investigated cases where there is damage in bottom girders in additional to damage to the bottom shell.2.4. Presentation of resultsTwo means are used to indicate the longitudinal bending strength of a ship hull: hull girder section modulus and ultimate hull girder strength. Section modulii to thedeck and bottom, and ultimate bending strengths of hull girder under sagging and hogging are calculated and presented in dimensionless format; all are compared with their values at intact condition.Bottom damage is expressed as a percentage of the ship’s breadth. Side damage extent is expressed as a percentage of the ship’s depth.The investigation is focused on midship sections of typical commercial ships. Sections beyond midship are not analyzed in this paper but the same analysis may be performed on those sections readily.3. Simple equations for the residual section modulusFig. 1 is a sketch of a transverse section, which characterizes the geometry of a ship and ignores many details. This transverse section may be a double hull tanker, a bulk carrier, a container carrier, a single hull tanker or any other type of ship. The shaded area is the assumed damage caused by either collision or grounding accident.For an intact hull, the cross-sectional area, height of neutral axis above the base line, distance of the deck at the side to the neutral axis, moment of inertia and section modulus are A; z0; z1; I and eSMT0; respectively. The section modulii to the deck and the bottom, eSMdkT0 andeSMbtmT0; have been used by the industry to indicate the hull girder strength.ΔA is the cross-sectional area of the lost structure. Its center is c from the neutral axis of the intact hull. The c is positive when the center of the damaged area ΔA isabove the neutral axis. The shift of neutral axis Δz0 isWhereThe neutral axis moves away from the lost area. The moment of inertia of thedamaged hull becomesSubstituting Eq. (1) into Eq. (2) givesThe section modulus to a location of distance z from the neutral axis when z is abovethe neutral axis becomesSubstituting Eq. (1) into Eq. (3) and replacing eSMT0 with I=z into the aboveequation givesAn expansion of this equation by neglecting higher order terms of r gives theexpression for dimensionless section modulus for z above the neutral axisThrough a similar process, the following equation is derived for z below the neutralaxis:Eqs. (1)–(8) are applicable to general cases where there is an area loss in a transverse section.中文翻译:船舶危险状态下的纵向强度计算---Ge Wang*, Yongjun Chen, Hanqing Zhang, Hua Peng摘要此文将提到关于船舶在搁浅和碰撞两种危险状况下的调查报告。

船舶常用英语

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一、船舶类型常用英语ship, vessel 船，船舶boat, craft 艇sampan 舢板 , 小船manpowered boat 人力船sailor;sailing boat 帆船 motorsailor 机帆船powerdrivenship 机动船 paddle steamer, paddlewheel vessel 明轮船screw ship;propeller vessel螺旋桨船 airscrew ship; aerial propeller vessel 空气螺旋桨船hovercraft; aircushion craft 气垫船 hydrofoil水翼船hydrojet propelled boat, water jet boat 喷水船steamship;steamer 蒸汽机船 motorship 内燃机船diesel ship柴油机船 electricallypropelled ship 电力推进船steam turbine ship 汽轮机船gas turbineship 燃气轮机船 nuclearpower ship核动力船deck ship 甲板船flush deck ship 平甲板船raisedquarterdeck ship 尾升高甲板船 welldeck ship半舱船single side ship 单舷长大舱口船threeisland ship 三岛式船doubleshell ship 双壳船riveted ship 铆接船welded ship 焊接船transversely framed ship 横骨架式船longitudinally framed ship 纵骨架式船 combinedframed ship 混合骨架式船seagoing vessel海船oceangoing vessel 远洋船coaster 沿海船channelship 海峡船inland waterwayvessel 内河船civil ship; merchant ship民用船；商船transport ship 运输船 pleasureyacht 游艇passenger ship客船coasting passenger and cargo ship 沿海客货船passenger and autocar carrier 旅客及汽车运输船tourist ship; passenger carrier 旅游船cargo ship;freighter 货船cargoliner 定期货船tramp ship 不定期货船container ship 集装箱船fullcontainer ship 全集装箱船 semicontainership 半集装箱船 multipurpose containership 多用途集装箱船general cargo ship/vessel/carrier 杂货船bulk (cargo) carrier 散货船ore carrier 矿砂船grain carrier 运粮船coalcarrier; coaler 运煤船 lumber(timber)carrier 运木船cattle carrier运牲畜船 multipurpose ship 多用途船liquid cargo ship 液体货货船 chemicaltank 化学品液货船liquid chemicaltanker 液体化学品船liquefied gas carrier液化气体船liquefied petroleum gas tanker (LPG) 液化石油气运输船liquefied natural gas tanker (LNG) 液化天然气运输船tanker;oil tanker 油轮supertanker 超级油轮 VLCC (verylarge crude carrier) (吨位在20万至30 万吨之间的) 巨型油轮ULCC (ultralarge crude carrier) (吨位在 30 万至 50 万吨之间的) 超巨型油船refrigerated ship;cold storage ship 冷藏船roll-on/rolloff ship (RO/RO ship) 滚装船ferry 渡船 passengerferry 旅客渡船freight ferry货物渡船 fishing vessel(boat) 渔轮trawler 拖网渔轮bargecarrier; lighter aboard ship(LASH)载驳船barge; lighter 驳船 deck barge甲板驳 welldeck barge 半舱驳double shell barge 双壳驳 single sidebarge 单舷长大舱口驳oil barge油驳container barge 集装箱驳船RO/RO barge 滚装驳船liquefiedgas barge 液化气体驳hopper barge开底泥驳 split hopper barge 对开泥驳pusher; pushboat 顶推船；推船 workingship 工程船tug;tugboat; towboat 拖船 harbor tug港作拖船 rescue tug 救助拖轮salvage ship 救捞船 dredger挖泥船trailing suction dredge 耙吸挖泥船第 2 页共12 页cutter suction dredger 绞吸挖泥船bucketwheel dredger 斗轮挖泥船 bucket dredger链斗挖泥船reclamation craft 吹泥船grab dredger 抓斗挖泥船 dipperdredger 铲斗挖泥船floating pitter;drive pitter 打桩船floating crane; derrickboat 起重船floating dock浮船坞 cable layer; cable ship 布缆船scientific surveying ship 科学考察船researchship 科学调查船oceanographicresearch vessel 海洋调查船surveying ship 测量船icebreaker 破冰船pontoon 浮舟;浮桥;趸船, 浮码头high speed craft 高速船passenger catamaran 双体客船vehicle ferry catamaran 双体车辆渡船vehiclepassenger ferry catamaran 双体车客渡船pontoon catamaran 双体趸船二、船舶结构常用英语center line 中心线，中线athwartships 横对船体（与船首尾线直交）bevel 斜角；斜面base line 基线amidships 在船中部；在纵中线上designed waterline breadth 设计水线宽designed waterline length 设计水线长draft 吃水former/aft draft 首/尾吃水draft figures 吃水尺度intersection 交点；交叉；横断面knuckle 折角线length between perpendicular 垂线间长length overall 总长loadwaterline length 满载水线长register length (breadth; depth) 登记长度（宽度、深度）freeboard 干舷rise of floor (dead; rise) 舭高；船底loadline mark 载重水线标记fresh water load line (F.) 淡水载重线fresh water timber load line (L.F.) 淡水木材载重线tropical fresh water load line (TF) 热带淡水载重线tropical load line (T) 热带载重线summer load line(S) 夏季载重线summer freshwater load line(F) 夏季淡水载重线winter load line(W) 冬季载重线winter North Atlantic load line(WNA) 冬季北大西洋载重线even keel （首尾）等吃水，平载extreme breadth 最大宽度floatable length 可浸长度sheer at forward (after) perpendicular 首尾舷弧sheer line 舷弧线accommodation 居住舱室accommodation deck 起居舱室；旅客甲板accommodation ladder 舷梯accommodation ladder platform 舷梯平台accommodation ladder manrope 舷梯扶索 after body 后（部船）体after peak bulkhead 艉尖舱舱壁afterpeak tank 艉尖舱air hole 空气孔air pipe 空气管appendage（船体水线下的）附体；附件auxiliary machinery 辅助机械；辅机balanced rudder 平衡舵 ballast压载（物）ballast line 压载水管系 ballast pump 压载水泵ballast pumping system 压载水系统ballast tank(water) 压载舱（水）batten 板条；压条（封仓用）battenceiling （货舱内）护舱条，护板beam 横梁beam bracket 梁肘板 bearding交合线，榫（艏柱或艉柱上）bending moment 弯矩bilge 舭部；舱底；（船底）污水沟bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge keel(chock, piece) 舭龙骨bilge knee舭肘板bilge line 舭水管系bilge main 舭水总管bilge pipe (suction) 舭吸水管bilge pump 舭水泵bilgestrake(plate) 舭列板bilge well 污水井bitt系缆桩 bollard 系缆桩；系船柱；双系柱bolster 枕垫bonnet 烟囱帽；机罩boom 杆；吊杆；桁；叉架boom crutch(support; rest) 吊杆支架bossing 尾管突出部；轴包套bottom frame 船底横骨bottom第 3 页共12 页longitudinal 船底纵骨bottom plate船底板bow 船首，船头bow fender 艏护垫bow flare 艏部外飘bow thruster 首侧推器bracket 肘板；（三角）拖架breakwater 挡浪板bridge 桥；桥楼；驾驶台bulb angle 圆头角材bulbous bow 球形船首，球鼻首bulb stern 球形船尾bulkhead 舱壁bulkhead plating 舱壁板bulkhead stiffener 舱壁扶强材bulwark 舷墙bulwark plating 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙扶强材bunker tank 燃料舱bushing 衬套butt 端接；残片butt joint(seam) 平接缝butt riveting 对接铆butt welding 对接焊butterfly clip 蝴蝶夹bypass valve 旁通阀cable stopper 止链器camber 翘曲camber of beam 梁拱cant beam 斜梁cant bracket 斜角板cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever 悬臂梁capstan 绞盘；绞缆机cargo batten 货舱护板cargo block 吊货滑车cargo port 装货舷梯，舷门cat walk （油轮上的）天桥，步桥center girder 中底桁center strake 中央内底板chafing plate 防擦板chafing ring 防擦环chain lock(well) 锚链舱chain pipe 锚链管chain stopper 止链器chock 导缆器；垫木clamp plate 夹板，压板cleat 羊角；系绳铁栓；防滑条coaming 围板；舱口围板cofferdam 隔离舱collar plate 封板collision bulkhead 船首舱壁；防撞舱壁companion way(hatch) 升降口corrugated bulkhead 槽形舱壁corrugation 皱；槽形；波形cross deck structure 舱间甲板结构crossing strength member 交叉强力构件cruiser stern 巡洋舰型船尾curtain plate 幕板cut out 开口；切davit 吊艇架；吊艇柱deck 甲板deck beam 甲板横梁deckhouse 甲板室deck line 甲板线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer(plate) 甲板边板deep tank 深舱derrick 吊杆diaphragm 隔板double bottom 双层底doubling plate 双层焊合板drain hole 排水孔duct keel 箱形龙骨dunnage 垫舱（物料）；衬垫dunnage wood 垫木dynamic load 动载荷end bracket 端肘板escape trunk （船内）应急通道engine bed 机座engine casing 机舱围壁escape scuttle （船内）应急出口escape vent 脱险口expansion joint 伸缩接头expansion trunk(tank) （油船）膨胀深井extension bracket 延伸肘板face plate 面板fender 碰垫；护舷材fender bar 护舷条fair lead 导缆器flame screen 防焰罩flange 折边flanged bracket 折边肘板flat keel 平板龙骨floor 肋板folding door 折门第 4 页共12 页forecastle deck 艏楼甲板fore peak tank （船的）首舱；前尖舱forward perpendicular 首垂线foundation 底座frame 肋骨frame number 肋骨跨数frame space 肋距freeing port 甲板排水孔；放水孔gangway (gang ladder or gang board) 舷梯gasket 垫圈，垫料（集）密封垫general service pipe (G.S pump) 通用泵，总用泵girder 桁材gooseneck(parity iron) 鹅颈头；吊杆弯头grating 格子板；滑铁板ground tackle 锚泊索具gunwale 舷缘；舷边gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale bar 舷边角材gunwale railing 舷边栏杆gunwale tank 舷侧水柜（甲板下）gusset 角板；扣板gutter （甲板）水沟；槽沟gutter angle; waterway angle （舷侧）排水沟角钢gypsy 绞筒（锚机绞车上的）handrail 舷墙扶手hanging rudder; hinged rudder 吊舵；悬舵hatch;hatchway; hatch opening 舱口hatch bar 封舱压条hatch batten 舱口边压条hatch beam (web) 舱口大梁hatch booby 活动舱口盖hatch coaming 舱口板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch end beam 舱口端梁hatch moulding 舱口椽材hatch side girder 舱口纵桁hatch tarpaulin 盖舱布hatch trunk 舱口围阱hawse pipe 锚链管hawser 绳索；大缆heel 踵材；横倾hinged cover(door) 铰链盖（门）hold 货舱hold beam 舱内梁hold frame 舱内肋骨hold ladder 舱内梯hold stanchion(pillar) 舱内支柱hold stringer 舱内纵桁hopper 漏斗；开舱泥驳hopper tank 底边舱hopper tank sloping plating 底边舱斜板 horizontal margin plate 水平内底板horizontal girder 水平桁horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材（防挠材）hull 船壳，船体hull construction 船体结构hull plating 船壳板hull strength 船体强度inner bottom 内底inner bottom plating 内底板insert plate 嵌板；衬板jack 千斤顶jack ladder 绳梯Jacob's ladder 软梯；绳梯Joggled joint 折接；弯合joggling machine 折曲机keel 龙骨keelblock 龙骨墩keel line 龙骨线；艏艉线keel plate 龙骨板keel rail （救生艇）艇底把手keelson 内龙骨kingpost 起重柱；将军柱knee 肘板；弯头knee of the deck 甲板梁肘板lightening hole 减轻孔lignum vitae 铁梨木local strength 局部强度local stress 局部应力longitudinal 纵骨；纵材；纵桁 longitudinal bulkhead 纵舱壁longitudinal bending 纵向弯曲longitudinal framing system 纵骨架式longitudinal strength 纵向强度lug 耳板main deck 主甲板 mainframe 主肋骨 manhole人孔 man hole door 人孔盖man hole coaming 人孔围板moment ofinertia 惯性矩margin plate 内底边板molded breadth 型宽molded depth 型深mooring hole 导缆孔 mooringpost 系缆柱；岸柱mud box 泥箱第 5 页共12 页nonreturn valve 止回阀nonwatertight bulkhead 非水密舱壁notch 切口；槽口；刻痕oscillating load 振动负荷parallel middle body 平行中体panel stiffener 板格扶强材panting arrangement 防挠振结构panting beam 防挠振梁panting stringer 防挠振纵桁pillar 支柱；墩pintle 舵销plane bulkhead 平面舱壁plane keel 平板龙骨pump room 泵舱helm(rudder) pintle 舵销horizontal margin plate 水平内底边板 out bottomplating 外底板platform平台 plating 壳板plimsoll mark 载重线标志poop 艉楼；船尾poop deck 艉楼甲板port 舷门；舱门；（装货）口；窗；门；孔porthole 舷窗；（装货）舷门propeller; propellor 推进器；螺旋桨propeller aperture 螺旋桨空间propeller boss(bub) 螺旋桨毂propeller shaft 艉轴racking （船体）横向挠度rail 扶手；栏杆rolling 横摇round of beam 梁拱roundstern 圆（船）尾rudder 舵rudder carrier 舵托ruddercasing 舵杆管rudder pintle舵针；舵栓rudder plate; rudder blade 舵叶；舵板rudder post 舵柱rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围壁；舵杆管rung （梯子）踏步；横档scallop 扇形开孔scantling 构件尺寸scantling of the structure 结构尺寸scarf; scarph 嵌接处；斜面；斜接scarf joint 斜（嵌）接scarf weld （斜面）焊接scarfing bracket 嵌接肘板scupper 排水孔scupper pipe 排水管scuttle 舷窗；人孔（盖）；小舱口盖seam 焊缝；接缝section 剖面sectionmodulus 剖面模数semibalancedrudder 半平衡舵shaft 轴shaft bracket 轴架shaft tube; stern tube 艉轴管shaft tunnel(all ey;passage; trunk) 轴隧；地轴弄shedder plate 泄板；斜板sheer 舷弧；偏航sheer strake 舷顶列板shell 船壳；壳shell frame 舷侧肋骨shell plating 船壳板；外板shell strake; outside plating 船体外板shelter deck 遮蔽甲板shifting beam 活动舱口梁shifting board (or plank) 止移板（散装谷类）；防动板side girder 旁桁材side longitudinal 舷侧纵骨side plating 舷侧外板side strake 舷侧列板single bottom 单层底skid 护舷木；垫板skylight 天窗slanting plate 斜板 slop tank污油水舱sloping plate 斜板sloping plate longitudinal 斜板纵骨slot 槽；开缝sluice 水密门；水闸sluice valve 闸阀sniped end 削斜端soft toe 软趾solid floor 实肋板sounding pipe 测量管；测深管stabilizer 减摇装置stabilizing tank 减摇水舱staging 构架；台架；脚手架stanchion 支柱；栏杆柱static load 静载荷stay 支柱；撑条；支索stay bar(or rod) 撑杆stay plate 撑板第 6 页共12 页stem 艏；艏柱；艏材stem post 艏柱stern 船尾，艉部stern counter 船尾突出体stern shaft; propeller shaft 艉轴stern poop 艉楼stern post 尾柱stiffener 防挠材；扶强材；加固物stool 托架，座，凳strake 列板strength calculation 强度计算strength deck 强力甲板stringer 纵桁stringer plate 甲板边板structural member 构件structural strength 结构强度strum box （舱底水）过滤箱strut 撑材，支柱，轴架stuffing box 填料箱superstructure 上层建筑tail (end) shaft 艉轴tarpaulin 防水油布，帆布，舱盖布thrust bearing(block) 推力轴承thrust shaft collars 推力环tieplate 带板，牵板，连接板topside tank 顶边舱；上边柜topside tank sloping plating 顶边舱斜板torsion 扭转torsion strength 扭转强度transom stern 方形船尾transverse 横梁，横材transverse bulkhead 横舱壁transverse frame 横肋骨，横框transverse framing system 横骨架式transverse ring 横环transverse strength 横向强度tripping bracket 防倾肘板tween deck 中间甲板tween deck frame 甲板间肋骨twisting distortion 扭转变形twisting moment 扭转力矩tunnel 轴隧，隧道，风筒tunnel escape 轴隧应急出口tunnel shaft bearing 中间轴支撑轴承ullage pipe (port) 油位测定管（孔）ullage space 空挡空间upper deck 上甲板upper (reverse) frame 内底横骨upper (lower) shelf plate 上（下）支架板upper (lower) stool 上（下）托架ventilator 通风筒vertical ballast trunk 竖向压载通道vertical girder 竖桁warping chocks 滚轮导缆钳wash bulkhead 可荡舱壁，挡水舱壁watertight bulkhead 水密舱壁watertight deck 水密门weather deck 露天甲板web beam 强横梁，桁板横梁web frame 加强肋骨，框架肋骨，桁板肋骨web plate 腹板wedge 楔木，楔子winch 起货机winchhead 绞车卷筒windlass 起锚机wing tank 翼舱，翼柜wire clip 钢缆夹wire reel 卷缆车，钢丝滚筒三、船舶材料及工艺常用英语A. Shipbuilding material (造船材料)Tbar T 型钢Zbar Z 型钢IBar 工字钢channel bar 槽钢angle steel 角钢equal angle steel 等边角钢unequal angle steel 不等边角钢offset bulb plate 球扁钢flat plate 钢板round steel 圆钢half round steel 半圆钢steel pipe 钢管alloy steel 合金钢special steel 特种钢tempering steel 回火钢材low carbon steel 低碳钢high tensile steel 高强度钢copper 紫铜brass 黄铜aluminum alloy 铝合金stainless steel 不锈钢mechanical property 机械性能tensile test 拉伸试验bend test 弯曲试验impact test 冲击试验第7 页共12 页torsion test 扭转试验torsion strength 抗扭强度torsional deflection 扭转；扭转变形tensile strength 拉伸强度yield strength 屈服强度yield point 屈服点yield stress 屈服应力elastic limit 弹性极限ultimate strength 极限强度ultimate tensile stress 极限拉伸应力elasticity 弹性ductility 延展性，可塑（锻）性flexibility 挠性，柔性，易弯性toughness 韧性brittleness 脆性friability 易碎性hardness 硬度rigidity 刚性，稳定性heat treatment 热处理quench 淬火normalising 正火annealing 退火hardening 硬化，淬火tempering 回火casting 铸件，铸造forging 锻件，锻造pickling 酸洗ship timber 船用木材lignumvitae 铁梨木threeplywood 三夹板asbestos 石棉asbestos cloth 石棉布asbestos board 石棉板asbestos sheet 石棉纸asbestos cord 石棉绳asbestos paint 石棉涂料fiberglass 玻璃丝plastics 塑料resin 树脂rubber 橡皮painting 油漆cladding 镀层，表面处理coating 涂层，敷料corrosion 腐蚀，侵蚀wastage 损耗，蚀耗wear and tear 蚀损，磨损fracture 裂纹fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹hairline fracture 发式裂纹buckling 皱折deformation 变形deflection, deflexion 挠曲flexion 弯曲lamellar tearing 层间撕裂rust 铁锈scale 锈皮pitting 点蚀，锈斑indent 凹痕，凹陷groove 槽沟detachment 脱开，脱焊rupture 断裂，破裂cropping 割掉renewal 换新descale 除锈grind 磨平be veed out 刨除alignment 对准，校直snip 剪断，剪片taper 削斜，斜度B. Shipbuilding workmanship （造船工艺）Working drawing 施工图end elevation 后面图front elevation 正面图side elevation 侧面图plane 平面图lines plan 型线图plan of waterlines 水线图general arrangement plan 总布置图construction plan 结构图damage plan 损坏示意图shell expansion plan 外板展开图docking plan 进坞图framing plan 船体构架图inboard profile plan 纵剖面图midship section plan 舯剖面图loaded waterline plane 满载水线图half breadth plan 半宽水线图stowage plan 配载图laying off lofting 放样mold loft floor 放样台mold loft 放样间template 样板mold loft batten, template batten 木样条evolute 展开线allowance 余量assembly 装配第8 页共12 页subassembly 分段装配subdivision length 分段长度shipbuilding tolerance 造船公差building berth 船台building dock 干坞slip dock 湿坞marine slipway, railway dry dock 船排marine slipway cradle 船排支架building block, stocks 枕木launch 下水launching ways 下水滑道launching grade 下水坡度launching cradle 下水架end launching 纵向下水side way launching 横向下水hydraulic press 水压机flanging machine 折边机plate bending machine 弯板机angle cutter 角钢切断机planing machine 刨边机shearing machine 剪床guillotine shear 龙门剪床oxyacetylene welding 氧乙炔焊co 2gas welding 二氧化碳气体焊arc welding 电弧焊unionmelt welding 埋弧自动焊fusion welding 熔焊fillet welding 角焊flat seam 对接缝butt joint welding 对接焊intermittent welding 间断焊；断续焊staggered intermittent welding 交错断续焊缝lap weld 搭接焊slot weld 槽焊；长孔焊plug weld 塞焊；圆孔焊run of welding 焊道welding torch 焊炬welding rod 焊条flux 焊药filler metal; deposited metal 熔敷金属welding stress 焊接应力welding procedure 焊接方法welding throat 焊喉cutting torch 割炬acetylene generator 乙炔发生器slag 熔渣undercut （焊接）咬边；根切hydraulic test 水压试验pressure test 压力试验flooding test 灌水试验hose test 冲水试验oil tight test 油密试验purchase trial 交船试验四、船舶性能常用英语angle of vanishing stability 稳性消失角buoyancy 浮性buoyancy curve 浮力曲线capsizing lever, upsetting lever 倾覆力臂capsizing moment, upsetting moment 倾覆力矩center of buoyancy 浮心center of floatation 漂心center of gravity 重心curve of areas of waterplanes 水线面积曲线curve of section areas 横剖面面积曲线curve of volumes of displacement 排水量曲线dynamical stability（curve）动稳性（曲线）entrance angle 进水角floodable length 可浸长度force of buoyancy, buoyant force 浮力free surface 自由液面heaving 垂荡heeling angle 横倾角heeling moment 横倾力矩hogging 中拱hogging condition 中拱状态hogging moment(stress) 中拱力矩（应力）hydrostatic curves 静水力曲线initial metacenter 初稳心initial stability 初稳性insubmersibility 抗沉性longitudinal inclination;list; heel 纵倾longitudinal stability 纵稳性panting （波浪对船体的）冲击period of rolling 横摇周期pitching 纵摇pounding 波浪冲击maneuverability 操纵性margin line 限界线metacenter 稳心moment to change trim one centimeter 每厘米纵倾力矩permissible length 许可长度potential head 势头pressure head 压头restoring moment, righting moment 复原力矩第9 页共12 页restoring lever, righting lever 复原力臂rolling 横摇sagging 中垂sagging condition 中垂状态sagging moment(stress) 中垂力矩（应力）seaworthiness 适航性stability 稳性stability at large angles 大倾角稳性stability criterion numeral 稳性横准数static head 静压头（力）statical stability (curve) 静稳性（曲线）surging 纵荡swaying 横荡tons per centimeter of immersion 每厘米吃水吨数total head (pressure) 总压头（力）transverse inclination, trim 纵倾transverse (longitudinal) metacenter 横（纵）稳心transverse (longitudinal) stability 横（纵）稳性trim by the bow (stern) 首（尾）倾turning quality (circle) 回转性（圈）velocity head 速头weigh curve 重力曲线yawing 艏摇五、船体检验常用英语THE DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGEA. General descriptions1. in good condition 情况良好2. in poor condition 情况欠佳3. in bad condition 情况不佳，情况不良4. in a neglected condition 缺乏保养5. not properly serviced 未经正常保养6. not properly cleaned 未经正常清洁7. not properly protected 未经正常保护8. not properly insulated 未经正常隔热（或电气绝缘）9. not properly adjusted 未经正常校正10. defective 有缺陷的（失效）11. damaged 损坏damaged beyond repair 损坏了无法修复12. failed (in failure) 失效13. cut of order (in trouble) 故障out of action 停止工作（作用），不是指故障14. in disorder 零乱（船属具零乱了）15. not working 不能工作16. inoperative 不能工作（失效）unworkable, inoperable 指本身不能工作，在损坏状况判断中不能使用17. out of function 不能工作，失去作用，不起作用18. unserviceable (useless) 不能使用（指必须换新的损坏部件）19. could not be started(failed to start) 不能启动20. empty 空的21. fitted incorrectly 安装不正确（指小型的装置设备）installed incorrectly 安装不正确（指较大的装置设备）22. dangerous accumulation of inflammable vapors 可燃气体危险集积it was obvious that this state had existed for a considerable time （损坏）状况是长期存在的23. sluggish in (action, answering) （动作、应答）迟钝B. Deficiencies1. no…fitted, no…provided 未装2. no…available 未备有3. missing 遗失4. incomplete 不齐全，不完整5. deficient 不足，缺少6. insufficient 不足7. neglected 遗漏8. omitted 遗漏，省去9. removed 移开，拆走10. washed overboard 冲走11. dropped 跌落12. fitted with wrong ….(size, material, devices…) 错用（尺寸，材料，仪器）C. Tightness, stains, loss of etc.1. Leaking 漏2. infiltrating (seeping) 渗漏3. weeping 泪滴4. sweating 汗滴5. not watertight 不水密6. loss of watertightness 失去水密性（比 5 好）7. loss of airtightness 失去气密性8. loss of oiltightness 失去油密性9. escaping of cool 逃冷10. loss of luboil pressure 滑油压力降低11. loss of water pressure 水压力降低12. oil polluted 油污染第10 页共12 页13. oil soaked 油浸14. water soaked 水浸15. water stained 水渍16. oil stained 油渍17. rust in patches 锈斑18. verdigris in patches 铜绿斑19. water marks 水渍D. Crack, score, break etc.1. scuffed 拉毛（仅从反光上可观察到）2. chafed 擦痕3. scored 拉痕（痕较 chafed 深）4. scratched 抓痕（硬拉过的痕）5. scraped 刮痕（长期运行刮的痕）6. grooved 槽痕（比 pitting深）7. ridged 凸起雷治痕（环状的痕）8. cracked 裂痕hair crack 发痕surface crack 表面裂痕through crack 穿透裂痕nonthrough crack 未穿透裂痕9. chapped 龟裂，折裂10. fractured 折裂11. broken off 破掉（破裂后跌落）broken 破裂，破碎12. holed 穿洞13. holed & flooded 破洞浸水14. opened 开口15. bent 弯曲16. canted 倾斜17. buckled 皱折18. warped 翘起，翘曲19. indented (dented) 凹痕，凹陷（指船壳板在两档肋位间的凹陷）20. set in 凹陷（指船壳板较大面积的凹陷）21. waved 波曲22. curled 卷曲（指绳索）23. rumpled 褶皱（指垫片）24. bulged 鼓起，凸出25. collapsed 倾陷，倾倒26. ruptured 毁损27. torn off 撕破torn 拉脱28. pierced 刺破29. peeled 剥皮（油漆剥落）30. burst 爆破（指高压管路）31. blown off (packing) 吹脱32. distorted 扭曲，歪扭33. engine breakdown 因故障机器突然停车E. Corrosion, seizing, choking etc.1. corrosion 腐蚀2. wasted 耗油3. deteriorated 蚀薄4. thinned 变薄5. pitted 麻点6. eroded 侵蚀7. rusted 生锈8. rotten （木、橡胶）腐烂、腐坏9. decayed （电缆）腐烂、腐坏10. aerated（橡胶、电缆）腐烂、腐坏11. aged 老化12. seized 咬住13. seized by corrosion 锈死14. stuck （粘）咬住15. rustjammed 锈轧16. fouled 拥塞17. clogged 堵塞（常指管子的堵塞）18. blocked 阻塞19. gagged 塞口20. foul & dirty 闭塞21. blanked 封没22. plugged 闭塞23. choked 卡住，阻塞F. Wear, loose, clearance etc.1. Loose 松动2. starting （铆钉）松动3. slack 松动slack back 松出4. worn 磨损5. worn cut evenly 均匀磨损6. worn cut unevenly 不均匀磨损7. worn on one side 单边磨损8. worn out symmetrically 对称磨损9. distorted （轴线弯曲并扭转）扭曲10. sprung （铆钉）扭歪11. twisted （轴线未弯、纯扭转）扭转12. excess clearance 间隙过大13. excess backlash 齿隙过大14. excess vibration 振动过大15. excess noise level 噪音过大16. loose engagement 啮合太松17. loose connection 接头松动18. tooth 齿worn out 磨损chopped off 崩缺fractured 折断第11 页共12 页19. knocking 敲击knocking cylinder 敲缸knocking valve gear 伐件敲缸knocking bearing 轴承敲缸20. bearing metal 轴承合金detached 脱壳cracked 开裂wiped 铺铅belted 熔化oil groove blocked 油槽堵塞21. out off roundness 失圆22. out off alignment 拉线不直23. offcentering 偏心24. deflected 偏斜G. Burning, heating, etc.1. Sparking 火花2. arcking (arcing) 电弧3. commutator 整流器scored 拉痕burnt 烧坏worn 磨耗，磨损uneven 不平sparking 火花blackened 发黑rough 粗糙mica undercut 弧坑4. brush set incorrectly 碳刷安装不正确5. scorched 烤焦6. coked 结焦7. charred 结碳8. overheated 过热9. broken down 击穿10. shortcircuit 短路11. setting incorrect 整定值不正确12. tripped incorrect 脱扣不正常13. batteriescompletely discharged（电）完全发光undercharged 未充满overcharged 充电过量dry water 水干A. Remove, crop etc.1. Removed 拆下2. removed & replaced 拆装3. removed, faired & replaced 拆装拷平4. cropped & renewed 割换（管、板、栏杆）5. partly renewed 部分换新6. partly cropped & renewed 部分割换7. cut off 割除8. faired 拷平9. faired on 原地拷平10. faired in place 原地拷平11. straightened 拷直、校直12. dismantle 拆卸（某一零件）13. disassembled 拆散（解体）14. stripped 拆除（某一部件）15. unshipped 拆下16. disconnected 断开（线、管接头）17. opened 打开18. lifted 抬升、举起19. jacked 顶起（用千斤顶顶起）20. replaced (by, with) 换用21. patch 贴补B. Fit, scrape, grind etc.1. fitted & scraped 拂刮2. fitted & ground 拂磨3. scraped & ground 刮磨4. made to fit 拂合（装配好）5. run to fit 跑合（运动磨合）6. ground round 磨圆7. ground smooth 磨光8. ground & reamed 磨绞9. bored round 镗圆10. planed smooth 刨光11. polished 抛光12. machined 光车13. skimmed 光刀14. finish machined 精加工15. rough machine 粗加工C. Re-metal, adjust, check etc1. Remetalled 重浇白合金2. rebabbitted 重浇白合金（专指巴氏合金）3. pulled out 拉出4. drawn out 抽出5. taken out 取出6. adjusted 调整，校正adjusted for alignment 校正拉线adjusted true 校正拉线adjusted for clearance 校正间隙adjusted for centering 校中adjusted for deflection 校偏7. checked 检查checked for roundness 检查圆度checked for insulation resistance 检查绝缘电阻checked for centering 检查中心位置第12 页共12 页checked for alignment 检查拉线checked for clearance 检查间隙8. cleaned 清洁9. wirescrubbed 钢丝刷（除锈）10. chipped & scraped 拷锈（油漆）11. measured & recorded 测量并记录12. logged (hourly) 记录（小时）D. weld, rivet, wind etc.1.repaired by welding 电焊修理2.welded 补焊、焊接3.closed up by welds （面积、深度、高度较大）焊补4.built up by welds 堆焊5.plug welded 塞焊6.spot welded 点焊7.butt welded 对接焊8 tackweld 点焊、平头焊、定位焊。

船舶原理英文词汇

船舶原理英文词汇汇总c1船舶形状1．型表面Moulded surface2．型尺度Moulded dimensions3．型线图Lines drawing4．首垂线Forward perpendicular5．尾垂线After perpendicular6．船长Length7．首尾柱间长Lpp: Length between perpendiculars8．船宽Moulded breadth9．型深Moulded depth10．型吃水Moulded draught11．设计夏季载重吃水(Designed summer draft)12．总长Length overall13．最大高度Maximum Height14．最大宽度Maximum breadth15．中线面Center line plane16．中站面Midships plane17．基平面Base plane18．基线Base line19．设计水线面Designed waterline20．中横剖面Midship section21．中纵剖面Centreline22．横剖线图(Body plans), 横剖线(Sections)23．半宽水线图(Half-breadth waterline plans), 水线（Waterlines）24．纵剖线图(Sheer plan), 纵剖线Buttocks）25．型值表Table of offsets26．舷弧Sheer27．梁拱Camber28．平行中体Parallel middle body29．船型系数(Coefficients of form)30．方形系数Block coefficient31．中横剖面系数Midship section coefficient32．水线面系数Waterplane coefficient33．菱形系数Prismatic coefficient34．垂向菱形系数Vertical prismatic coefficientC2 近似计算法35．梯形法（Trapezoidal method）36．辛氏第一法(Simpson’s first rule)37．辛浦生第二法(Simpson’s second rule)c3 浮性38．浮性floatation or Buoancy39．浮力Buoancy40．重力Gravity41．排水量Displacement42．浮心Centre of buoancy43．漂心Center of floatation44．重心Center of gravity45．空船重量Light weight46．总载重量Dead weight/DW47．净载重量Net weight/NDW∆Light ship displacement48．空载排水量∆Full loaded displacement49．满载排水量F50．装载排水量∆loaded displacement51．浮态Floating condition）52．正浮状态Upright condition53．单纯横倾List54．单纯纵倾Trim55．任意浮态Any inclination floatation56．合力矩定理the law of the resultant moment 57．平行力移动原理Theorem of translation of a force 58．平行沉浮Parallel rise or sinkage59．TPC Tonnes per centimeter immersion60．干舷Sheer61．储备浮力Reserve buoyancy62．重物移动Weight shiftsA Area of waterplane63．水线面面积w64．邦戎曲线Bonjean curves65．费尔索夫图谱Firsov s diagram66．船舶静水力曲线Hydrostatic curve67．静水力性能参数表Hydrostatic data68．载重线标志Load line mark69．甲板线Deck line70．载重线圈（Load line ring）TF——热带淡水载重线Tropical fresh water load lineF——夏季淡水载重线Fresh water load lineT——热带载重线Tropical load lineS——夏季载重线Summer load lineW——冬季载重线Winter load lineWNA——冬季北大西洋载重线Winter North Atlantic load line；C4稳性71．稳性Stability72．静稳性Static stability73．动稳性Dynamical stability74．横稳性Transverse stability75．纵稳性Longitudinal stability76．初稳性Initial stability77．大倾角稳性Stability at large angle78．完整稳性Intact stability79．破损稳性Damage stability80．稳定平衡Stable equilibrium81．不稳定平衡Unstable equilibrium82．随遇平衡Neutral equilibrium83．初稳性方程84．初稳性高度限界面85．初稳性高度Transverse metacentric height86．稳性力臂Righting Arm/GZ87．自由液面Free surfaces88．稳心Metacenter89．初稳心Initial metacenter90．稳心半径Metacentric radius91．静稳性图Statical stability curveAngle of vanishing stability92．稳性消失角v93．静平衡Static equilibrium94．动平衡Dynamic equilibrium95．最小倾覆力矩Capsizing moment96．动稳性图Curve of dynamical stability97．极限重心高度Minimum operational metacentric height (GM C)98．许用初稳性高度Maximum centre of gravity (KG C) C5吃水差99．吃水差Trim100．每厘米纵倾力矩Moment to change trim one cm 101．MTC Moment to change trim one cm102．纵稳性半径Longitudinal metacentric radiusc6抗沉性103．重量增加法Adding weight method104．浮力损失法Loss buoyancy method105．固定排水量法Constant displacement method 106．稳性系数Stability coefficient107．船舶分舱Subdivision of ships108．分舱载重线Subdivision load line109．可浸长度Floodable length110．渗透率Permeability111．分舱因数Factor of subdivision112．限界线Margin line113．舱壁甲板Bulkhead deckC7强度114．总纵强度Longitudinal strength 115．横向强度Transverse strength 116．局部强度Local strength117．扭转强度T orsional strength118．中拱Hogging119．中垂Sagging120．剖面模数Hull section modulus 121．弯曲应力Bending stress122．剪切应力Sheering stress123．剪力Shearing force124．弯矩Bending momentc8阻力125．快速性Speedability126．摩擦阻力Frictional Resistance 127．兴波阻力Wave-Making Resistance 128．涡流阻力Eddy-making Resistance 129．推进系数C.P: Propulsive coefficient 130．基本阻力Naked hull resistance 131．附加阻力Added resistance132．污底阻力fouling resistance133．附体阻力Appendage resistances134．汹涛阻力Rough sea resistance135．相似现象Similar phenomena136．船舶模型试验Model tests137．雷诺相似定律Reynolds law of comparison 138．傅汝德相似定律Froude’s law of comparison 139．傅汝德假设Froude hypothesis140．基本阻力全相似Similarity laws141．剩余阻力Residual resistance142．浅水效应Shallow-water effects143．船模试验Model experimentsC9推力144．双桨船twin-screwed ship145．盘面比Blade area ratio146．螺距Pitch147．螺距比Pich ratio148．攻角 Angle of attack149．升力Lift, 升力系数Lift coefficient150．阻力Drag, 阻力系数Drag coefficient 151．左旋桨Left hand propeller152．右旋桨Right hand propeller153．翼剖面/叶剖面Blade section。

船舶英语1

naval architect 造船工程（设计）师naval architecture造船（工程）学 instruction 任务书、指导书oil tanker 油轮deadweight 载重量knot 节specification 规格书，设计任务书vessel 船舶cargo 货物passenger 旅客trade 贸易machinery 机械、机器 holdcapacity 舱容consumable store 消耗物品light weight 轻载重量、空船重量hull 船体dimension 尺度、量纲、维（数）displacement 排水量、位移、置换tonnage 吨位fineness 纤瘦度draft 吃水breadth 船宽freeboard 干舷rule 规范tentative 试用（暂行）的longitudinal direction 纵向vertical direction 垂向trim 纵倾stability 稳性shaft horse power 轴马力strength 强度service 航区、服务scantling 结构（件）尺寸frame 肋骨classificationsociety 船级社steering 操舵、驾驶vibration 振动net register tonnage 净登记吨位harbour港口dues 税收gross tonnage 总吨位 deductible space 扣除空间revenue 收入docking 进坞charge 费用、电荷bulkhead 舱壁subdivision分舱（隔）、细分collision 碰撞compromise 折衷、调和coefficient 系数training 培训fluid mechanics 流体力学structural strength结构强度resistance 阻力propulsion 推进shipbuilding 造船aptitude （特殊）才能，适应性maritime 航运，海运polytechnical school 工艺（科技）学校academic 学术的shipyard 造船厂electronic computer 电子计算机owner 船主，物主encyclop(a)edia 百科全书The Chinese Society of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (CSNAME)中国造船工程学会The Chinese Society of Navigation中国航海学会 "Shipbuilding of China" 中国造船Ship Engineering 船舶工程"Naval 安定Merchant Ships" 舰船知识China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) 中国船舶工业总公司China offshore Platform Engineering Corporation (COPECO) 中国海洋石油平台工程公司Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA) 英国皇家造船工程师学会Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) 美国造船师与轮机工程师协会Principle of naval architecture 造船原理ship statics (or statics of navalarchitecture) 造船静力学ship dynamics 船舶动力学ship resistance and propulsion 船舶阻力和推进ship rolling and pitching 船舶摇摆ship manoeuvrability 船舶操纵性shipconstruction 船舶结构ship structural mechanics 船舶结构力学ship strength and structural design 船舶强度和结构设计ship design 船舶设计shipbuilding technology 造船工艺marine (or ocean)engineering 海洋工程principal dimension 主要尺度naval architecture 造船（工程）学length between perpendiculars (LBP) 垂线间长summer load waterline 夏季载重水线forward/after perpendicular 首/尾垂线rudder post 尾柱stem 首柱rudderpintle 舵销length over all (LOA) 总长overhang （水线以上）悬伸部分bulbous bow 球鼻艏length on the waterline （LWL）水线长amidship 船中breath moulded 型宽breath extreme 最大船宽shell plating 船壳板rivet 铆接weld 焊接strake （船壳板）列板fender 护舷木deck area 甲板面积（区域）cross channel vessel 海峡船port 港口，船的左舷side 舷侧（边）quay 码头depth moulded 型深plating of deck 甲板板base line 基线upper deck 上甲板second deck 第二甲板the uppermost continuous deck 最上层连续甲板rounded gunwale 圆弧舷边顶部moulded line 型线sheer 舷弧ends 船端deck line at side 甲板边线deck at side line 甲板边线deck at side 甲板边线profile 纵剖面（图）、轮廓sheer forward/aft 首/尾舷platform 平台 roughsea 强浪，汹涛海面seakeeping 耐波性appearance 外形（观）、出现camber 梁拱 round ofbeam 梁拱weather deck 露天甲板drainage 排水upright 正浮、直立at rest 在静水中accommodation 居住舱，适应bilge radius 舭（部）半径midship section 船中剖面bilge 舭（部）rise of floor 船底升高flat of keel 龙骨宽flat plate keel 平板龙骨vertical center girder 中桁材bevel 折射角，将直角钢改为斜角connectingangle 联接角钢tumble home 内倾sailing ship 帆船 steel merchant ship 钢质商船bar 棒，巴（气压单位）rake 倾斜draught 吃水，草图，通风even keel 等吃水，正浮trimmed by thestern/bow 尾/首倾moulded draught 型吃水extreme draught 最大吃水bar keel 棒龙骨drawing 吃水draught marks 吃水标志imperial unit 英制单位metric unit 公制单位spacing间距hogging 中拱sagging 中垂heel 横倾dry dock 干船坞fully loaded condition 满载标志freeboard 干舷seaworthiness 适航性reserve buoyancy 储备浮力range of stability 稳性范围Load Line Regulations 载重线规范form coefficients 船型系数blockcoefficient 方型系数prismatic coefficient 棱型系数midship area coefficient 船中横剖面面积系数waterplane area coefficient 水线面面积系数vertical prismatic coefficient 竖向棱型系数body section of U-form U形横剖面V-shaped section V形横剖面geometricallysimilar ships 几何相似船base plane 基平面center plane 中线面midstation plane 中站面mouldedbase line 基线length breadth ratio 长度比cruiser stern 巡洋舰型尾principal coordinateplanes 主坐标面transom 方尾soft chine 圆舭hard chine 尖舭counter 尾伸部forefoot 首踵aftfoot 尾踵deadwood 尾鳍（呆木） break-bulk cargo ship 件杂货船inboard 船内compartment 舱室transverse bulkhead 横舱壁main deck 主甲板strength deck 强力甲板innerbottom 内底hold(cargo hold ) 货舱tween deck space 甲板间舱double bottom 双层底deep tank 深舱water ballast 水压载latex 胶乳coconut oil 椰子油edible oil 食用油hatch舱口hatch cover 舱口盖palletized cargo 货盘运货multiple hatch 多舱口abreast并排container 集装箱pier 码头cargo boom 吊货杆wire rigging 钢索索具kingpost 吊杆柱，起重柱wire rope 钢丝绳sheave 滑轮winch 绞车cargo hook 吊货钩marriedbooms 联合吊杆burtoning 双杆操作 cargo handling 货物装卸packaged cargo 包装货pallet货盘sling load 悬吊荷重hold gang 货舱理货组wings 货舱两侧forklift truck 铲车terminal 码头、终端turnaround 周转期profitability 利益container ship 集装箱船\trade route 贸易航线weather proof 风雨密stacking 堆压stowage 装载，贮藏waterway 水路rental 出租（费）lease 租借shipper 货运主custom 海关consignee 收货人highway trailer 公路拖车payload 净载重量、有效载荷cell 格栅、电池、元件roll-on/roll-off ship 滚装船heading 标题，航向trailer ships 拖车运输船sea trains ferry 海上火车渡船truck 卡车trailer 拖车military vehicle carriers军用车辆运输船cubic capacity 舱容ramp 跳板、坡道transom stern 方尾motor boat 机动艇、汽艇clear deck 畅通甲板parking 停车（场）barge-carrying ship 载驳船lighter 港驳船barge 驳船portable fixture 轻便固定装置bulk cargo ship/bulk carrier 散装货船dry bulk cargo 散装干货limestone 石灰石bauxite 矾土gypsum 石膏Great Lakes （美国）大湖petroleum 石油chemicals 化学制（产）品molasses糖浆liquefied gas 液化气体molten sulfur 熔态硫conning station 驾驶室ore hold矿砂舱engine room 机舱liquid bulk carrier 液体散货船combination bulk carrier 混装散货船ocean-going ore carrier 远洋矿砂船lane 航道（线）tanker 油船crude oil 原油anhydrous ammonia 无水氨natural gas 天然气passenger-cargo ship 客货船tourist 旅游者freight-rate 运费率carriage 装（载）运、车辆stateroom 客舱suite 套间living room 卧室veranda 阳台lounge 休息室cocktail room 酒吧间card and game room 牌戏娱乐室foundering 沉没capsizing 倾覆abandoning 弃船emergency 应急installation 装置、运载工具vehicle 车辆，运载工具gantry crane 门式起重机container cell 集装箱格栅siporter 横向装卸机rolled on and off 滚进滚出side port 舷门cargo elevator 运货升降机conveyor 输送机transport ship 运输船general cargo ship 杂货船liquid cargo ship 液货船refrigerated ship 冷藏船working ship 工程船ocean development ship 海洋开发船dredger 挖泥船floating crane/derrick boat 起重船salvage vessel 救捞船submersible 潜水器ice-breaker 破冰船fisheries vessel 渔业船trawler 拖网渔船seine netter 围网渔船harbour boat港务船supply ship 供应船pleasure yacht 游艇hydrofoil craft 水翼艇air-cushionvehicle 气垫船hovercraft 全垫升气垫船catamaran 双体船concrete ship 水泥船fiberglass reinforced plastic boat 玻璃钢艇form 船型、形状、格式proportion 尺度比、比例workmanship 工艺质量basic fundamentals 基本原理marine engineering 轮机工程intensive 精致的propulsion plants 推进装置naval ship 军舰special-purpose ship 特殊用途船buoyancy 浮力fittings 配/附件piping 管路ventilation 通风cargo-handing equipment 货物装卸装置crew and effects 船员及自身物品stores 储藏物fresh water 淡水feed water给水boiler 锅炉measurement (吨位)丈量、测量trial 试航、试验distance of travel 航行距离refueling 添加燃料consumption 消耗initial cost 造价cost of operation 营运成本unloadingfacility 卸货设备cross sectional area 横剖面面积fineness 纤瘦度prismatic coefficient 菱形系数slender 瘦长（型）beam 船宽inclined 倾斜的external force 外力surface ship 水面船舶submarine 潜水艇submerged condition 潜水状态initial stability 初稳性weather deck 楼天甲板righting arm 复原力臂capsize 倾复stress 应力unequal distribution 分布不相等longitudinal plane纵向平面hull girder 船体梁tentative design 方案设计preliminary design 初步设计technical design 技术设计working design 施工设计basic design 基本设计conceptual design 概念设计inquire design 咨询设计contract design 合同设计detailed design 详细设计finished plan 完工图hullspecification 船体说明书general specification 全船说明书steel weight 钢料重量outfit weight（木作）舾装重量machinery weight 机械重量weight curve重量曲线weight estimation 重量估计cargo capacity 货舱容积bale cargo capacity 包装舱容积bulk cargo capacity散装货容积bunker capacity 燃料舱容积capacity curve 容积曲线capacity plan 容量（积）图stowage factor 积载系数homogenuous cargo 均质货物gross tonnage 总吨位net tonnage 净吨位tonnage capacity 量吨容积tonnage certificate 吨位证书displacement lengthratio 排水量长度比accommodation 居住舱室ice strengthening 冰区加强drawing office 制图室drafting room 制图室general arrangement 总布置assignment 指定、分配space 处所、空间access 通道、入口allocation 分配、配置furnishings 家具conceptual (design) 概念（设计）preliminary (design) 初步（设计）contract (stage) 合同（阶段）working plan 施工图formulation 公式化、明确表达melding 融合optimum 最佳coordinaterelationship 协调关系summary 综合、摘要integration 综合、积分division 部分、划分efficient and economical way 有效和经济的方式speciality 专业feed-in 送进、提供specifications 各种技术条件、说明书uptake 烟道commercial transportation商业运输solid (liquid) bulk type 固体（液体）散装型ferryboat 渡船transoceanic 渡（远）洋的automobile汽车aforementioned (a.m.) 上述的profit 利益annual cost 年度费用breakdown 细目terminal allocation 码头配置费overhead 管理费、杂项开支component (组成)部分、分量characteristic 特性mechanical 机械的goods货物marine terminal 港口、码头enclosing volume 密（围）闭容积hull envelope 船体外壳primary strength 总强度stowage 配载housing 容纳diagram图superstructure 上层建筑machinery space 机舱miscellaneous (其他)杂用舱室watertight subdivision水密分舱integrity 完整性tankage 液舱、容量（积）clean ballast 清洁压载lines plan型线图crusing range 巡航范围margine line 限界线floodable length curve 可浸长度曲线layout（设计、布置）草图peak bulkhead 尖舱舱壁regulatory body 主管机构（关）intact stability 完整稳性trade-off 权衡、折衷consultation 协商interiorarrangement 舱室布置stairway and passageway arrangement 梯道及走道布置interior/exteriorpassageway 内/外走道bridge deck 驾驶甲板compass deck 罗经甲板boat deck 艇甲板promendadeck 游步甲板accommodation deck 起居甲板vehicle deck 车辆甲板winch platform 起货机平台wheel house 驾驶室chart room 海图室radio room 报务室electric room 置电室mast room 桅室caption's room 船长室crew's room 船员室cabin 客舱main engine control room 主机操纵室auxiliary engine room 副机舱boiler room 锅炉间steering engine room 舵机舱workshop 机修间store 贮藏室fore/aft peak 首/尾尖舱topside/bottomside tank 顶边/底边舱wing tank 边舱steering gear 操舵装置anchor and mooring arrangement 锚泊和系缆设备howse pipe 锚链筒chainlocker 锚链舱closing appliances 关闭设备 hatch cover 舱口盖lifesavingequipment/appliance 救生设备mast 桅rigging 索bollard 双柱带缆柱bitt 带缆桩fairlead 导缆钩ship lines 船体线型ship form 船体形状mathematical expressions 数学表达式drawing 图、拉延lines plan 型线图orthogonal plan 正交平面body section 横剖面body plan 横剖线图symmetry 对称water lines /level lines 水线、水平型线half breadth plan 半宽水线图view 视图、观察sheer profile 侧视图、纵剖线图buttocks 后体纵剖线bow line 前体纵剖线after/fore body 后/前体alteration 修改、变更fairing process 光顺过程offsets 型值to lift offsets 量取型值Wooden/plastics battern 木质/塑料压条drawing office制图/设计室mould loft 放样间full size 实尺（1：1）loft floor 放样台contracted scale 缩尺lofting 放样steel pin 铁钉mathematical fairing of ship form 船体数学光顺法screw 螺旋桨、螺钉wing shaft 侧轴shaft bossing 轴包套casting 铸件 shaft bracket 轴支架appendage 附属体parallel middle body 平行中体full slow ship 丰满的低速船fine fast ship 尖瘦的快速船entrance 进流端入口run 去流端、运行、流向forward/after shoulder 前/后肩grid 格子线ordinate station 站midstation 中站station ordinate 站线finished/returned offsets 完工型值table of offsets 型值表diagonal 斜剖线keel line 龙骨线rake of keel,designed drag 龙骨设计斜度knuckle line 折角线preliminary offsets 原始型值mathematical lines 数学型线mathematical fairing of lines 型线数学光顺法equilibrium 平衡stability andtrim 稳性与纵倾floating upright 正浮force of gravity 重力resultant 合力center of buoyancy浮力couple 力偶magnitude 数值（大小）displacement 排水量、位移、置换righting moment 复原力矩righting arm 复原力臂upsetting moment 倾复力矩upsetting arm 倾复力臂metacentre 稳心stable equilibrium 稳定平衡netural equilibrium 中性平衡metacenter height稳心高righting level 复原力臂initial stability 初稳性cross-curves of stability 稳性横截曲线flooding 进水thrust 推力keelblock 龙骨墩dry dock 干船坞center offloatation 漂心Greek letter 希腊字母inclining experiment 倾斜试验pendulum 铅锤，摆lost buoyancy 损失浮力reserve buoyancy 储备浮力locus of centers ofbuoyancy 浮心轨迹Bonjean's curves 邦戎曲线Vlasov's curves 符拉索夫曲线Firsov's diagram菲尔索夫图谱Simpson's rules 辛浦生法trapezoidal rule 梯形法stability at large angles 大倾角稳性dynamical stability 动稳性damaged stability 破舱稳性stability criterionnumeral 稳性衡准书lever of form stability 形状稳性臂locus of metacenters 稳心曲线angle ofvanishing stability 稳性消失角free surface correction 自由液面修正resistance 阻力thrust 推力propeller推进器skin friction resistance 摩擦阻力wave-making resistance 兴波阻力eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力appendage resistance 附体阻力propulsive efficiency 推进效率hull efficiency船身效率transmission efficiency 轴系效率speed/length ratio 速长比perfect fluid 理想流体roughness 粗糙度turbulence 紊动boundary layer 边界层spectacularsights 壮观景色fluid shear 流体剪力fluid viscosity 流体粘性immersed body 浸没的船体部分residuary resistance 剩余阻力bow 船首 stern 船尾divergent 分散的submarine 潜水艇aircraft 飞机crest 波峰hollow 凹陷、孔隙、波谷parallel middle body 平行中体through 波谷ship-form characteristics 船型特性laws of dynamics similarity动力相似定律rudder 舵bilge keel 舭龙骨propeller bossing 推进器箍streamline 流线型reciprocating engine 往复式发动机diesel/steam engine 柴油/蒸汽机indicatorcard 示功图indicated h.p. 指示马达brake 制动 crankshaft coupling 曲轴连轴器mechanical efficiency 机械效率thrust block 推力轴承gearing 齿轮shafth.p. 轴马达brake h.p. 制动马达turbine 汽轮机gas turbine 燃气轮机stern tube 尾轴管wake 伴流astern 向（在）船尾wake gain 伴流增益 thrust deduction 推力减额effective horse-power (e.h.p.) 有效马达screw efficiency in the open(water) 螺旋桨趟水效率imaginary vessel 假想船mechanism 作用原理（过程）、机构proposal 建议statistical 统计分析criterion 衡准ship performance prediction 船舶性能预报regression equation回归方程form parameter 形状参数service speed 服务航速design speed 设计航速cruising speed 巡航速度trial speed 试航速度endurance 续航力admiralty coefficient/constant 海军系数fouling 污底hydrodynamics 水动力学inflow 进流angle of attack 攻角lift 升力circulation 环量aspect ratio 展弦比Reynolds number 雷诺数Froude number 傅汝德数momentum theory 动量理论impulse theory 冲量理论cavitation 空泡现象adjustable-pitch propeller 可调螺距螺旋桨controllable-pitch propeller 可调螺距螺旋桨reversible propeller 可反转螺旋桨coaxial contra-rotating propellers 对转螺旋桨ducted propeller, shroudedpropeller 导管螺旋桨tandem propeller 串列螺旋桨jet propeller 喷射推进器paddle wheel 明轮ship model experiment tank 船模试验水池ship model towing tank 船模拖拽试验水池wind tunnel 风洞cavitation tunnel 空泡试验水筒self propulsion test 自航试验scale effect 尺度效应naked model 裸体模型manoeuvrability 操纵性linear displacement 线性位移surge 纵荡sway 横荡heave 垂荡 veer 变向oscillatory 振荡hydrodynamic 流体动力(学)的Amplitude 振幅acceleration 加速度wind velocity 风速fetch 风区长度，波浪形成区duration 持续时间seaway 航路（道）gusts 阵风(雨) storm 风暴 regulartrains of waves 规则波系damp 阻尼bilge keel 舭龙骨finlike 鳍状projection 突出体、投影、规则activated fin stabilitizer 主动式稳定（减摇）鳍gyroscope(gyro) 陀螺仪、回转仪steady 稳定flume 槽congested waters 拥挤水域course-keeping 保持航向tug 拖船docking 靠码头helm 操舵、驾驶swing 摆动turning circle 回转圈warship 军舰confinedwater 受限制水域seakeeping 耐波性seaworthiness 适航性course 航向track, path 航迹drift 横漂side slip 横移rudder effect 舵效sea condition 海况swell 涌trochoidal wave 坦谷波divergent wave 散波natural period 固有周期slamming 砰击 turning quality 回转性turning circle回转圈turning circle test 回转试验stopping test 停船试验free running model test 自由自航模操纵性试验rotating arm test 旋臂试验planar motion mechanism 平面运动机构structuralcomponents 结构构件strength deck 强力甲板box girder 箱形梁tight envelope 密闭外壳 longitudinal member 纵向构件hull girder 船体梁lower/upper flange 下/上翼缘板forward/aft end 首/尾端dynamic pressure 动压力slamming 砰击inner bottom 内底hold 货舱double bottom 双层底hold货舱neutral axis 中和轴longitudinal bending 纵向弯曲longitudinal strength 总纵（纵向）强度barrier挡板、屏障web 腹板static water pressure 静水压力impact 冲击shaft strut 尾轴架panel stiffness 板格刚性vibration 振动bulkhead舱壁diaphragm 隔壁racking load 横扭载荷kingpost 起重柱rigidity 刚度subdivision 分舱sheet 薄板stanchion 支柱stringer 船侧纵桁roll 辗轧extrude 挤压flange 拆边、法兰built-up plate sections 组合型材bottom shell外底板floor 肋板center vertical keel 中内龙骨、中桁材side girder 旁桁材、旁纵桁stiffener 扶强材section modulus 剖面模数moment of inertia 惯性矩The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) 美国验船局spacing 间距Lloyd's Register of Shipping 劳氏船级社 in-plane 面内beam 横梁primarystress 第一类应力pillar 支柱deck girder 甲板纵桁support 支柱（构件）main hull 主船体superstructure 上层建筑deckhouse 甲板室bridge 桥楼forecastle 首楼poop 尾楼stem 首柱sternpost 尾柱rudder post 舵柱shaft bossing 轴包架framing骨架longitudinal framing 纵骨架式transverse framing 横骨架式flat plate keel 平板龙骨margin plate 内底边板bilge bracket 舭肘板side plate 舷（船）侧板sheerstrake 舷顶列板stringer plate 甲板边板shell expansion plan 外板展开图bulwark 舷墙hatchcoaming 舱口围板cantilever 悬臂梁intercostal member 间断构件cant frame 斜肋骨pantbeam 强胸横梁lightening hole 减轻孔bracket 肘板hawse pipe 锚链筒bulb plate 球扁钢angle section 角钢T section T型材face plate 面板butt 对接（缝）seam 边接（缝）framingmembers 骨架（构件）plate membrance 板架contour 外形、轮廓breaking sea 碎波margin 余量、界限overall stress 总应力superimposed load 叠加载荷deckhouse 甲板室mast桅classification society 船级社framing shape 骨架型材frame 肋骨shellplating 外板deck plating 甲板板opening 开口watertight 水密weathertight 风雨密的stress 应力strain 应变operating machinery 转运机械exterior force 外力hydrostaticpressure 静水压力cargo-carrying vessel 载运船舶degree of freedom 自由度（d.o.f）dynamicforce 动力pitching 纵摇rolling 横摇yawing 首摇surging 纵摇swaying 横摇heaving 垂摇shearing force 剪力bending moment 弯矩SWBM(still water bending moment) 静水弯矩hog 中拱sag 中垂wave of trochoidal form 余波摆线profile 外形、纵剖面（图）trochoid 次摆线crest 波峰trough 波谷loaded/loading condition 装载状态fluctuating stress 交变应力tensile stress 拉伸应力compressive 压缩应力second moment 二次矩（惯性矩）full-scale test 实船（实尺度）实验section modulus 剖面模数midship section 船中剖面longitudinal strength 总纵强度transverse strength 横向强度local strength 局部强度docking strength 坐坞强度strength criteria of ship 船舶强度标准ultimate bending moment 极限弯矩vibration 振动slamming 抨击pounding 冲击panting 拍击fluctuation 波动buckling屈曲fatigue 疲劳fracture 断裂cracking 裂纹strength deck 强力甲板bulkheaddeck 舱壁甲板longilutinal strength member 纵向强力结构Classification society 船级社shipper 货主、航运者underwriter 水运保险商voyage航行（程）inspection 检查（验）classification入级Lloyd's register of shipping (LR) 英国劳氏船级社Bureau Veritas (BV) 法国船级社（检验局）Germanischer Lloyd (GL) 联邦德国船级社Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 挪威船级社Registro Italiano Navale (RI) 意大利船级社American Bureau of shipping(ABS)美国船级社Register of shipping the USSR(PC) 苏联船舶登记局（检验局）Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK) 日本海事协会Register of shipping of the people's republic of China(ZC)中华人民共和国船舶检验局reliability 可靠性classed ship 入级船regulating body 管理（制定条约）机构assignment 勘定、指定Safety Construction Certificate 结构安全证书register book 船名录、登记册classification symbol 船级符号class notation 船级标志liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船 liquefied natural gas carrier(LNG) 液化天然气运输船liquefied petroleum gas carrier(LPG) 液化石油气运输船ore carrier 矿砂船 trawler 拖网渔船tug 拖船restricted service 限制航区sheltered water遮蔽水域clear water 开敞水域harbour 港口corrosion 腐蚀scantling 结构吃水ice strengthening 冰区加强anchor 锚chain cable 锚链hawser 缆（锚）索LMC(Lloyd's machinery certificate ) 劳氏船级社机械设备合格证书survey检验periodical surveys 定期检验annual surveys 年度检验dockingsurveys 坞内检验special surveys 特殊检验workmanship 工艺质量、（制造）工艺distinguishingmark 识别符号closing appliances 关闭装置auxiliary steering gear 辅助操舵装置drydock 干坞interval 间隔stern frame 尾柱、尾框架chafing 磨损、擦伤due day 到期日、支付日期grace宽限、缓期ship age 船龄non-destructive method 无损探伤方法ultrasonics 超声波supervision 管理、监督damage repair 损坏修理International Maritime Organization(IMO) 国际海事组织International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS) 国际海上人命安全公约International Convention on load line 国际载重线公约International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships国际吨位丈量公约United States Coast Guard (USCG)美国海岸警备队Department of Trade(DOT)英国贸易部Rules for the Construction of Sea-Going Steel Ships钢制海船建造规范Regulation for the Classification of Sea-Going Steel Ships钢制海船入级规范Ship-surveying Office(Organ) 验船机构agreement on ship survey 验船协议safety certificate 安全证书exemption certificate 免除证书technical identification of product产品技术质量证书technical appraisal forproduct 产品技术鉴定书classification survey for the first entry 初次入级检验survey for maintenance ofclass保级入级检验in-water survey 水下检验continuous survey 循环检验postponement survey展期检验occasional survey 临时检验on-hire(off-hire) survey 起租（退租）检验warranty survey索赔检验notarial survey公证检验。

造船常用船体英语词汇

剖面模数, section modulus, 惯性模量分布, modulus of inertia, 舯横剖面/纵剖面, midship section/lon gitudinal section, 冰区加强, ice strengthening 向下和横贯浸水布置, down-and crossfloding arrangem ents 破舱稳性, damage stability 总纵弯曲, longitudinal bending中拱弯曲, hogging, 中垂弯曲, sagging , 总纵强度, longitudinal strength, 横向强度, transverse streng th, 屈曲强度, buckling strength, 疲劳强度, fatigue strength, 易疲劳区, fatigue prone areas, 局部强度, local stength, 纵骨架式, longitudinal system of frame横骨架式, transverse system of frame, 许用应力, permissible stress, 附加应力, additional stress, 结构节点, structural detail 紧剖面面积, cross sectional area, 旋紧力矩, tightening moment, 砰击压力, sla海洋工程与船舶网--好网站！ing pressure, 拉伸力, tensile force, 加速度分量, acceleration compon ent，弯矩/扭矩/剪力, bending moment/torsional /shear forces 设定压力/设定载荷状态, set pressure/e nvisaged loading condition 端接缝, butt，边接缝, seam横向和纵向构件, transverse and longitudinal girders, 结构件, structural element, 强力构件, strength member ,板架, grillages, 板格, plate field 腹板, doubling plate 部分板架, partial field内部构件, interi or member ,交叉构件, secondary, 主要构件, primary, 特种构件, special，板格, plate panels上下托架, upper (lower)shelt plate, 托架座, stool，下凳式结构, lower stool 泄板和扣板, shedder and gussed plate支承垫板, bearing pads, 支承结构, substructure, 限位器, stopper or stays, 加强筋, stiffners无支承跨距, unsupported span船体, hull or shell , 主船体, main hull, 船体的上缘和下缘, upper and lower hull flange上层建筑, superstructure or erections, 首柱, stern bar , 首柱板, plate stern, 首楼, forecastle, 尾楼, poop , 艉柱, stern post 外板, shell plating, 围壁, house walls 壁板板缝垂直度, verticality of seam of lining plate，外壁, outside wall 护舷材, fender，护舷木、垫板, skid, 舷部护条, side ceiling船尾突出部分, stern counter，船的尖端, beak甲板, deck, 上甲板, upper deck, 下甲板, down deck,中间甲板, tween deck, 露天甲板, weather dec k, 吨位甲板, tonnage deck 蔗蔽甲板, shelter deck,桥楼, navigating bridge, 起居甲板, acco海洋工程与船舶网--好网站！odation deck 艏楼甲板, forecastle deck, 艉楼甲板, poop deck 强力甲板，strengt h deck ,直升机甲板，helicopter decks外板外侧与甲板内侧处, on back side of deck plate and out s ide surface of shell pate甲板板, deck plating, 甲板边板, gunwale strake or deck stinger甲板板条, deck strips强力甲板的甲板边板, stringer plate in strength deck, 圆形船缘、甲板边缘, rounded gunwale甲板支柱, deck pillar, 甲板横梁, deck beam货舱, cargo hold, 舱壁, bulkhead, 中纵舱壁, centrline bulkhead 横舱壁, transverse bulkhead, 制荡舱壁, wash bulkhead 防撞舱壁, collision bulkhead, 槽形舱壁, corrugated bulkhead,槽形舱壁的间距及深度, pitch and depth of swedged corrugated bulkhead分隔舱壁, partition bulkhead, 气密舱壁, airtight bulkhead 水密舱壁, watertight bulkhead 油密舱壁, o iltight bulkhead, 防火舱壁, fireproof bulkhead 水密耐火舱壁, watertight fire-proof bulkhead, 可移动舱壁, shifting bulkhead 防风雨的，不透风雨的, weathertight防火分舱, fire subdivision 水密分舱, watertight subdivision 水密完整性, watertight integrity., 完整稳性, intact stability舷墙, bulwark ,舷墙扶强材, bulwark stay, 列板, strake , 舷侧列板, side strake, 舷顶列板, sheer str ake , 舷侧外板, side plate舭板, bilge plate, 龙骨板, keel plate, 舭龙骨, bilge keel, 中内龙骨, centre keelson船底外板, bottom plating, 内底板, ceiling or tank top or inner bottom plate or double bottom 内底边板, margin plate 内底边板, margin plate舱口围板, hatch coaming, 舱口纵桁, hatch side girder, 舱内纵桁, hold stanchion肘板, bracket, 撑材, struts, 垫货板, dunnage boarch , 梁肘板, beam knee舭肘板, bilge bracket or margin plate, 防倾肘板, tripping bracket肋板, floor ,实肋板, plate floor, 组合肋板, bracket floor ,水密肋板, watertight floor ,柜架肋板, bracke t floor ,横梁,beam, 舱口端横梁, hatch end beam肋骨，frame，强肋骨, web frame，尾框架，尾肋骨, sternframe 船底肋板, bottom frame内底横骨, reverse frame甲板间肋骨, tweendeck frame, 船底肋骨, bottom frame斜肋骨?, scant fram e, 有曲度肋骨, curved frame 高边柜框架, topside tank webframe 间距, space肋骨间, inter costal 桁材, girder, 旁桁材, side girder, 中桁材, centre girder, 舷侧纵桁, side stringer船体梁, ship girder 中底桁, bottom certre girder 旁底桁, bottom side girder, 甲板纵桁, deck girder水平桁, horizontal girder纵骨,,longitudinal, 船底纵骨, bottom longitudinal, 内底纵骨, inner bottom longitudinal甲板纵骨, deck longitudinal, 舷侧纵骨, side longitudinal折边纵骨及折边撑材, flanged longitudinals and flanged bra cket加强材, reinforcement 加强筋, stiffener, 扶强材的端部削斜, sniped ends of stiffeners, 垂直扶强材, v ertical stiffener支撑间距, stray space 端部连接, end attachment, 刚性固定, constraint , 板边缘固定, plate edge cla mped, 简支, simple support, 支撑桁材, supporting girder, 撑杆, cross tie支柱, pillar隔离空舱, cofferdam, 居住舱室, acco海洋工程与船舶网--好网站！odation, 泵舱, pump room, 机舱, e ngine room污油水舱, slop tank, 污水舱, sewage tank，液舱限界面, tank boundaries, 货舱, cargo hold, 海阀箱, sea chest，边舱, wing tank，底边仓斜顶板, hopper side plating，顶边仓斜底板, topside tank botto m 双层底舱D.B tank or double bottom tank，空舱, void tank，首尖舱, fore peak tank。

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外文翻译Longitudinal strength of ships with accidentaldamagesGe Wang*, Yongjun Chen, Hanqing Zhang, Hua PengThis paper presents an investigation of the longitudinal strength of ships with damages due to grounding or collision accidents. Analytical equations are derived for the residual hull girder strength and verified with direct calculations of sample commercial ships for a broad spectrum of accidents. Hull girder ultimate strengths of these sample vessels under sagging and hogging conditions are also calculated, based on which correlation equations are proposed. To evaluate a grounded ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be optimistic, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be conservative. On the contrary, to evaluate a collided ship, using the section modulus to the deck would be conservative, while using the section modulus to the bottom would be optimistic. The derived analytical formulae are then applied to a fleet of 67 commercial ships, including 21 double hull tankers, 18 bulk carriers, 22 single hull tankers and six container carriers. The mean values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation for the coefficients in these new analytical formulae are obtained. The ship length exhibits little influence on these coefficients because they are close to the mean values although ship length spans from 150 to 400 m. The ship type shows some influence on the residual strength. Uniform equations are proposed for commercial ships which do not depend on a ship’s principal dim ensions. These formulae provide very handy tools for predicting the residual strength in seconds, without performing step-by-step detailed calculations, an obvious advantage in cases of emergency or salvage operation. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Residual strength; Hull girder ultimate strength; Section modulus; Damage; Collision;Grounding1. IntroductionTraditionally, ships have been designed to resist all loads expected to arise in their seagoing environment. The objective in structural design has been to maintain a ship’s structural integrity for normal operating conditions. A combination of the most severe loads is usually selected as the nominal design load.Protection of a ship and the cargo it carries from damages incurred by accidents, though an essential issue in the design of watercraft, has been focused on subdividing a ship into compartments. National and international standards (Load Line,MARPOL, SOLAS, Classification Societies’ Rules) have established requi rements or watertight bulkheads and subdivision. Structural strength in collision, grounding or internal accidents (such as an explosion) has attracted very little attention.Public sensation increases each time there is a major loss of ships, cargo and life atsea, or when there is oil pollution from damaged ships. This motivates the development of design procedures and related analysis methods for accidental loads, in particular, the loads due to ship collision or grounding accidents.A ship may collapse after an accident because of inadequate longitudinal strength.However, the consequences of an accident on a ship’s strength are seldom investigated.Although there are some papers published on the residual strength of damaged ship hulls [1,2], this field still remains unexplored.This paper reports on an investigation of the longitudinal strength of damaged ship hulls for a broad spectrum of collision and grounding accidents. Both the hull girder section modulus and hull girder ultimate strength are calculated. We aim to obtain simple relations to assess residual hull girder strength, which may be used ashandy and reliable tools to help make timely decisions in the event of an emergency.Theoretical analyses are presented and analytical formulae are derived. Typical designs of 67 commercial ships, including 21 double hull tankers, 18 bulk carriers, 22 single hull tankers and six container carriers, which have lost portions of bottom shell plating and side shell plating, are analyzed to obtain such simple equations for predicting residual strength of damaged ships.2. Assumptions and analytical methods2.1. Section modulus of hull girdersIt has been a proven practice to use simple beam theory to analyze the global bending of hull girders. Many experiments have confirmed that the bending behavior of ships agrees quite well with the beam theory.The hull girder section modulus indicates the bending strength of the primary hull structures. The calculation of a midship section modulus is a very important step in basic ship design. Structural members that are continuous in the longitudinal direction are included in the calculation of the section modulus. Only members that are effective in both tension and compression are assumed to act as part of the hull girder. The section modulus to the deck or to the bottom is obtained by dividing the moment of inertia by the distance from the neutral axis to the molded deck line at the side or to the base line, respectively.2.2. Ultimate strength of hull girderThe hull girder section modulus is an indicator of initial buckling or initial yielding, which is usually not the state at which the ship achieves its ‘‘true’’ maximum bending capacity. Plates and longitudinals may experience elastic buckling, plastic buckling, post buckling, yielding, and/or fracture in the process of approaching hull girder ultimate strength.The so-called ultimate strength of hull girder corresponds to the maximum bending capacity beyond which the ship will break its back due to extensive yielding and buckling.The continuous improvement of knowledge regarding the behavior of hull girders and structural members has led to the development of various methods.ISSC 2000 Special Task Committee VI.2 [4] reviews the state-of-the-art technology for predicting hull girder ultimate strength. The committee conducted extensive benchmark calculations and assessed the uncertainties involved in these approaches.Among all groups of approaches (closed-form formulae, simplified analytical methods and nonlinear FEM simulations), the simplified analytical methods are favored by most analysts. These approaches save modeling time; they generally account for fabrication imperfections and provide reliable results. Extensive related studies have placed simplified methods as the first choice when one tries to calculate ultimate hull girder strength. A program of this kind, ALPS/ISUM[3], is used in this investigation.2.3. Extent of damages2.3. Extent of damagesEvery accident is different. The resulting damage also varies. Accidents require many parameters to describe the damage a ship sustains after an accident. A comprehensive description can easily fill a couple of pages or more, even though not all of the data is necessary for calculating hull girder strength. For simplicity, this paper uses definitions that are convenient for calculation but retain the main characteristics of accidental damages.For a grounding, it is assumed that the bottom shell and the attached bottom longitudinals are lost. No girders are assumed to be damaged after a grounding. This study investigates a broader range of bottom loss, up to 80% of ship breadth, to simulate minor to severe grounding damages.For a collision, it is assumed that the side shell and the attached longitudinals are lost. The damage starts from the deck at the side and extends downward. The deck stringer plate and longitudinal bulkhead that attach to the damaged side are assumed to be intact after an accident. A broad range of side shell loss, ranging from 5% to about 40% of ship depth, is considered.The assumptions mentioned above help to simplify the definition of damages. Only one parameter is used to describe the damage. Introduction of additional parameters is avoided. The focus is on shell plating, the first barrier from water flooding. Structures attached to the damaged shell are not considered with the assumption that they may be approximated by ‘‘smearing’’ as equivalent thickness of shell.There exist other assumptions with regard to damage extents. In the ABS Guide for assessing hull-girder residual strength [5], a grounding damage includes bottom girders attached to the damaged bottom shell to a certain depth; collision damage includes deck stringer plate and slope bulkhead plating attached to the damaged side shell plating for a specified extent. Paik et al. [1] defined collision and grounding damages according to this ABS Guide. For sensitivity studies, they analyzed 0.8 to 1.2 times the specified damage extents described in the ABS Guide. Wang et al. [2] analyzed a broad range of bottom damage, spanning from minor to substantial damage. Wang et al. also investigated cases where there is damage in bottom girders in additional to damage to the bottom shell.2.4. Presentation of resultsTwo means are used to indicate the longitudinal bending strength of a ship hull: hull girder section modulus and ultimate hull girder strength. Section modulii to thedeck and bottom, and ultimate bending strengths of hull girder under sagging and hogging are calculated and presented in dimensionless format; all are compared with their values at intact condition.Bottom damage is expressed as a percentage of the ship’s breadth. Side damage extent is expressed as a percentage of the ship’s depth.The investigation is focused on midship sections of typical commercial ships. Sections beyond midship are not analyzed in this paper but the same analysis may be performed on those sections readily.3. Simple equations for the residual section modulusFig. 1 is a sketch of a transverse section, which characterizes the geometry of a ship and ignores many details. This transverse section may be a double hull tanker, a bulk carrier, a container carrier, a single hull tanker or any other type of ship. The shaded area is the assumed damage caused by either collision or grounding accident.For an intact hull, the cross-sectional area, height of neutral axis above the base line, distance of the deck at the side to the neutral axis, moment of inertia and section modulus are A; z0; z1; I and eSMT0; respectively. The section modulii to the deck and the bottom, eSMdkT0 andeSMbtmT0; have been used by the industry to indicate the hull girder strength.ΔA is the cross-sectional area of the lost structure. Its center is c from the neutral axis of the intact hull. The c is positive when the center of the damaged area ΔA isabove the neutral axis. The shift of neutral axis Δz0 isWhereThe neutral axis moves away from the lost area. The moment of inertia of thedamaged hull becomesSubstituting Eq. (1) into Eq. (2) givesThe section modulus to a location of distance z from the neutral axis when z is abovethe neutral axis becomesSubstituting Eq. (1) into Eq. (3) and replacing eSMT0 with I=z into the aboveequation givesAn expansion of this equation by neglecting higher order terms of r gives theexpression for dimensionless section modulus for z above the neutral axisThrough a similar process, the following equation is derived for z below the neutralaxis:Eqs. (1)–(8) are applicable to general cases where there is an area loss in a transverse section.中文翻译:船舶危险状态下的纵向强度计算---Ge Wang*, Yongjun Chen, Hanqing Zhang, Hua Peng摘要此文将提到关于船舶在搁浅和碰撞两种危险状况下的调查报告。

船舶英语外文翻译 Longitudinal strength of ships with accidental

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船舶英语外文翻译--船舶危险状态下的纵向强度计算

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