摄影测量与遥感英文单词

遥感与摄影测量专业术语解释摄影测量学||photogrammetry; 研究利用摄影影像测定目标物的形状、大小、空间位置、性质和相互关系的一门学科。

航天摄影||space photography; 从地球大气层以外的宇宙空间对星球（主要是地球）及其环境的摄影。

航空摄影||aerial photography; 从空中对地球的摄影。

航空摄影机||aerial camera; 实施航空摄影的专用摄影机。

非量测摄影机||non-metric camera; 指不是专为摄影测量目的设计制造的摄影机。

内方位元素不稳定或不能记录，没有框标，一般无外部定向设备。

立体摄影机||stereocamera, stereometric camera; 能同步摄影得到立体像对的摄影机。

量测摄影机||metric camera; 专为摄影测量目的设计制造的摄影机。

内方位元素已知，具有框标，物镜畸变经严格校正。

全景摄影机||panoramic camera, panorama camera; 摄影时，摄影机镜头的光轴能从一侧到另一侧扫描所拍摄的范围，从而获得很宽拍摄范围的摄影机。

框幅摄影机||frame camera; 曝光瞬间能对整个幅面同时成像的摄影机。

条幅［航带］摄影机||continuous strip camera, strip camera; 在摄影过程中，缝隙快门始终打开，光轴指向不变，感光胶片以掠过焦面的地物影像速度向前运行的摄影机。

CCD摄影机||charge-coupled device camera, CCD camera; 用线阵列或面阵列的电荷耦合器件作为探测器的摄影机。

多谱段摄影机||multispectral camera; 将来自目标光波按波长分割成若干波段，然后分别将各个波段的影像同时拍摄（或记录）下来的一种专用摄影机。

地面摄影机||terrestrial camera; 专为地面摄影测量用的摄影机。

测绘学||geomatics, surveying and mapping, SM; 研究与地球有关的基础空间信息的采集、处理、显示、管理、利用的科学与技术。

中华人民共和国测绘法||Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China; 我国关于测绘的基本法律，是从事测绘活动和进行测绘管理的基本准则和基本依据。

测绘标准||standards of surveying and mapping; 由主管部门颁发的关于测绘技术方法、产品质量、品种规格、地图表示等统一规定的技术文件。

测量规范||specifications of surveys; 对测量产品的质量、规格以及测量作业中的技术事项所作的统一规定。

地形图图式||topographic map symbols; 对地图上地物、地貌符号的样式、规格、颜色、使用以及地图注记和图廓整饰等所作的统一规定。

大地测量学||geodesy; 研究和确定地球的形状、大小、重力场、整体与局部运动和地表面点的几何位置以及它们的变化的理论和技术的学科。

地球形状||earth, shape, figure of the earth; 地球自然表面的形状或大地水准面的形状。

重力基准||gravity datum; 重力的起算值和尺度因子。

重力场||gravity field; 地球重力作用的空间。

在该空间中，每一点都有惟一的一个重力矢量与之相对应。

地心坐标系||geocentric coordinate system; 以地球质心或几何中心为原点的坐标系。

地球椭球||earth ellipsoid; 近似表示地球的形状和大小，并且其表面为等位面的旋转椭球。

大地原点||geodetic origin; 大地坐标的起算点。

水准原点||leveling origin; 高程起算的基准点。

测量标志||survey mark; 标定地面测量控制点位置的标石、觇标以及其他用于测量的标记物的通称。

测绘学||geomatics, surveying and mapping, SM; 研究与地球有关的基础空间信息的采集、处理、显示、管理、利用的科学与技术。

中华人民共和国测绘法||Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China; 我国关于测绘的基本法律，是从事测绘活动和进行测绘管理的基本准则和基本依据。

测绘标准||standards of surveying and mapping; 由主管部门颁发的关于测绘技术方法、产品质量、品种规格、地图表示等统一规定的技术文件。

测量规范||specifications of surveys; 对测量产品的质量、规格以及测量作业中的技术事项所作的统一规定。

地形图图式||topographic map symbols; 对地图上地物、地貌符号的样式、规格、颜色、使用以及地图注记和图廓整饰等所作的统一规定。

大地测量学||geodesy; 研究和确定地球的形状、大小、重力场、整体与局部运动和地表面点的几何位置以及它们的变化的理论和技术的学科。

地球形状||earth, shape, figure of the earth; 地球自然表面的形状或大地水准面的形状。

重力基准||gravity datum; 重力的起算值和尺度因子。

重力场||gravity field; 地球重力作用的空间。

在该空间中，每一点都有惟一的一个重力矢量与之相对应。

地心坐标系||geocentric coordinate system; 以地球质心或几何中心为原点的坐标系。

地球椭球||earth ellipsoid; 近似表示地球的形状和大小，并且其表面为等位面的旋转椭球。

大地原点||geodetic origin; 大地坐标的起算点。

水准原点||leveling origin; 高程起算的基准点。

测量标志||survey mark; 标定地面测量控制点位置的标石、觇标以及其他用于测量的标记物的通称。

遥感专业英语001摄影测量学photogrammetry002卫星摄影测量satellite photogrammetry003摄影学photography004航天摄影space photography005航空摄影aerial photography006航空摄影机aerial camera007立体摄影机stereocamera， stereometric camera008非量测摄影机non－metric camera009量测摄影机metric camera010全景摄影机panoramic camera， panorama camera011框幅摄影机frame camera012条幅［航带］摄影机continuous strip camera, strip camera013阵列摄影机array camera014电荷耦合器件摄影机(简称“CCD摄影机”)charge－coupled device camera 015多谱段摄影机multispectral camera016地面摄影机terrestrial camera017弹道摄影机ballistic camera018水下摄影机underwater camera019大象幅摄影机large format camera，LFC020恒星摄影机stellar camera021地平线摄影机horizon camera022反束光导管摄象机return beam vidicon camera， RBV023象幅picture format024框标fiducial mark025象移补偿image motion compensation，IMC， forward motion compensation， FMC026焦距focal length027快门shutter028中心快门between-the-lens shutter， lens shutter029帘幕快门(又称“焦面快门)focal plane shutter， curtain shutter030景深depth of field031超焦点距离hyperfocal distance032孔径(又称“光圈”)aperture033光圈号数f-number， stop-number034象场角objective angle of image field， angular field of view 035瞬时现场(又称“空间分解力”，其值为地面分解力2．5～2．8倍)instantaneous field－of－view， IFOV036畸变［差］distortion037全景畸变panoramic distortion038几何畸变geometric distortion039径向畸变radial distortion040切向畸变tangential distortion， tangential lens distortion041物镜分辨率resolving power of lens042影象分辨率resolving power of image (注：一毫米内能分辨线对条数)043正片positive044负片negative045透明负片dianegative046透明正片diapositive, transparent positive047反转片reversal film048盲色片achromatic film049正色片orthochromatic film050全色片panchromatic film051红外片infrared film052黑白片black-and-white film053彩色片color film054全色红外片panchromatic infrared film055彩色红外片(又称“假彩色片”)color infrared film， false color film 056航摄软片aerial film057感光度sensitivity058感光材料sensitive material059彩色感光材料color sensitive material060感光测定sensitometry061感光特性曲线characteristic curve of photographic emulsion062光谱感光度(又称“光谱灵敏度”)spectral sensitivity063黑白摄影black-and-white photography064彩色摄影color photography065假彩色摄影false color photography066红外摄影infrared photography067全息摄影hologram photography， holography068缩微摄影microphotography, microcopying069低倍放大摄影pnotomacrography070显微摄影photomicrography071多谱段摄影multispectral photography072全景摄影panoramic photography073竖直摄影vertical photography074倾斜摄影oblique photography075小象幅航空摄影small format aerial photography， SFAP076摄站camera station， exposure station077摄影航线flight line of aerial photography078摄影分区flight block079摄影比例尺photographic scale080摄影基线photographic baseline， air base081摄影质量photographic quality082航摄领航navigation of aerial photography083航摄计划flight plan of aerial photography084航摄漏洞aerial photographic gap085航高flying height， flight height086相对航高relative flying height087绝对航高absolute flying height088基一高比base-height ratio089航向重叠longitudinal overlap end overlap， forward overlap, fore －and－aft overlap090旁向重叠lateral overlap， side overlap， side laP091骨架航线(又称“构架航线”)control strip092曝光exposure093摄影处理photographic processing094显影developing095定影fixing096感光sensitising097接触晒印contact printing098投影晒印projection printing099反差contrast100反差系数contrast coefficient101景物反差object contrast102地面照度illuminance of ground103影象质量image quality104影象分辨力(又称“象元地面分辨力”。

测量学英文专业术语第一章绪论测绘Surveying测定survey测设layout普通测量学General survey大地测量学geodetic survey摄影测量与遥感学Photogrammetry and remote sensing海洋测绘学Marine surveying工程测量学Engineering surveying制图学cartography测量基准面datum plane大地水准面Geoidal surface水准面level plane参考椭球面reference ellipsoid旋转椭球Rotating ellipsoid大地坐标系Geodetic coordinate system空间直角坐标系spatial rectangular coordinates独立平面直角坐标系Independent plane rectangular coordinate system 高斯平面直角坐标系Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system高斯投影Gaussian projection高程系统Vertical system曲率curvity/Curvature平面控制测量The plane control survey高程控制测量Elevation control survey第二章水准测量水准测量Leveling Surveying水平视线horizontal sight高程elevation height高差Difference of height后视backsight前视foresight水准尺Leveling rod水准仪The Level（instrument）尺垫turning point plate微倾式水准仪slightly leaning level（instrument）望远镜telescope水准气泡bubble基座base物镜objectives目镜eyepieces聚焦透镜the focus lens十字丝分划板the cross partition board目镜调焦螺旋eyepiece optical screw物镜调焦螺旋objectives optical screw管水准器tube level bubble圆水准器round level bubble三脚架The tripod视差parallax视准轴Collimation axis水准点Bench mark水准路线Leveling line闭合水准路线closed level route附合水准路线annexed level route支水准路线spur level route转点（Turning point）闭合差misclosures闭合差允许误差：Misclosure allowable error 检核check校正Calibration补偿器compensator第三章角度测量角度测量Angles surveying水平角Horizontal angle(HA)竖直角The vertical angle(VA)光学经纬仪optical theodolite照准部Collimation device望远镜Telescope,竖直度盘vertical dish, vertical circle水准管Level bubble读数设备Readings equipment水平度盘Horizontal dish测微尺Micro-distance measuring sensor垂球Plumb bob对中centring整平level光学对中器optical centering device侧回法Observation set method方向观测法direction observation method 竖直角指标误差Index error of vertical angle 竖轴The vertical axis VV水平轴The horizontal axis HH望远镜视准轴The telescope collimation CC对中误差Plummet error目标偏心差Target eccentric error电子经纬仪Electronic theodolite第四章距离测量和直线定向距离测量Distance surveying直线定向line orientation钢尺Steel tape定线Fixing line视距测量Stadia measurement电磁波测距仪Electromagnetic rangefinder微波测距仪Microwave rangefinder光电测距仪Photoelectric rangefinder激光测距仪Laser rangefinder红外测距仪Infrared rangefinder相位测距仪Phase type rangefinder脉冲式测距仪Pulsed rangefinder全反射棱镜Total reflecting prisms真北方向True north direction磁北方向Magnetic north direction坐标北方向Coordinates north direction方位角Azimuth真方位角True azimuth (A)磁方位角Magnetic azimuth(Am)坐标方位角Grid azimuth(α)磁偏角Magnetic declination子午线收敛角meridian convergence罗盘compass第五章全站仪测量全站仪TOTAL STATION水平制动、微动螺旋Horizontal motion clamp, Horizontal tangent screw 光学对中器Optical plummet telescope粗瞄镜Sighting collimator物镜Objective lens整平脚螺旋Leveling screw竖直制动、微动螺旋Vertical motion clamp, Vertical tangent screw目镜Telescope eyepiece管水准器Plate level圆水准器Circle level单棱镜组Single prism system超站仪(Smart station) Automatic total station , ultra station instrument 交会测量Resection measurement放样测量Setting-out survey对边测量Missing Line Measurement (MLM)悬高测量Remote Elevation Measurement (REM)第六章测量误差的基本理论测量平差：Surveying Adjustment测量误差：surveying errors系统误差：Systematic error偶然误差：random error；accidental error最或是值：The most probable value多余观测：Redundant observation算术平均值：arithmetic average ；Arithmetic means精度指标：Accuracy index中误差：Root mean square error (RMSE)允许误差：Allowable error相对误差：Relative error观测值改正数：Observation correction value误差传播定律：Law of errors propagation全微分：Total differential权：Weight加权平均值：The weighted average （mean）权倒数传播定律：Weight reciprocal propagation law第七章控制测量控制测量：Control surveying碎部测量：detailed surveying平面控制网:Plane control network高程控制网:Elevation control network小区域控制网：Small area control network控制点：control points国家控制网：State Control netGPS测量：GPS surveying导线测量：traverse surveying三角测量：trigonometric survey三边测量：trilateral surveying光电测距仪：photoelectric rangefinder闭合导线：Closed traverse;附和导线：Connecting traverse;支导线：Open traverse.野外勘察：Field reconnaissance坐标方位角：Coordinates azimuth交会定点：Intersection fixed-point测边交会：Side-surveying intersection第八章大比例尺地形图测绘大比例尺地形图测绘：Topographic Surveying and Mapping in Large Scale 地形:Terrain地物:Ground feature地貌:Landscape比例尺:Scale依比例符号：Proportional symbols非比例符号：Disproportional symbols半比例尺符号（线性符号）:Semi- Disproportional symbols (Linear symbols )地形图图式:map schemata地貌符号:Landscape symbols等高线:Contour line注记符号:Note symbols等高距:contour interval等高线平距:contour horizontal distance山头:Peak洼地:depressions示坡线:slope line山脊:Ridge与山谷: valley合水线:Close waterline分水线:watershed line鞍部（垭口）:Saddle陡坡:Steep悬崖:cliff首曲线（又称基本等高线）:intermediate contour计曲线（又称加粗等高线）:index contour间曲线（又称半距等高线）:half-interval contour地形图分幅与编号:Subdivision and index梯形分幅与编号:Trapezoid subdivision and index平板仪及其使用:Plane table视距丝:Stadia silk竖直角的竖盘:Perpendicular plate地形图的拼接:splice地形图的整饰:trim第九章大比例尺地形图的应用图号、图名和接图表：map number, map name, adjacent map chart 图廓：Map border比例尺：Scale坡度比例尺：Slope scale横断面：transverse section纵断面: Longitudinal section, Vertical section, Longitudinal profile汇水面积：catchment area土方量估算：Earthwork estimatingHighway route slection：高速路选线数字地面模型：Digital terrain model （DTM）第十章施工测量的基本工作。

01 总类01.001 测绘学surveying and mapping, SM01.002 中华人民共和国测绘法Law of Surveying and Mapping of the People's Republic of China01.003 测绘标准standards of surveying and mapping01.004 测量规范specifications of surveys01.005 地形图图式topographic map symbols01.006 大地测量学geodesy01.007 地球形状earth shape, figure of the earth01.008 重力基准网gravity standard network01.009 重力场gravity field01.010 地心坐标系geocentric coordinate system01.011 地球椭球earth ellipsoid01.012 大地原点geodetic origin01.013 水准原点leveling origin01.014测量标志survey mark01.015 测量觇标observation target01.016 高程基准height datum01.017 1954年北京坐标系Beijing geodetic coordinate system195401.018高程系统height system01.019平均海[体]面mean sea level01.020黄海平均海[水]面Huanghai mean sea level01.021海拔height above sea level01.022海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System，NNSS01.023 NA VSTAR全球定位系统NA VSTAR Global Positioning System，NA VSTAR GPS 01.024惯性测量系统inertial surveying system，ISS01.025摄影测量与遥感学photogrammetry and remote sensing01.026航空摄影测量aerophotogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry01.027航天摄影测量（又称“太空摄影测量”）space photogrammetry01.028非地形摄影测量non-topographic photogrammetry01.029水下摄影测量underwater photogrammetry01.030航空航天摄影aero—space photogrammetry01.031航空遥感aerial remote sensing01.032航天遥感space remote sensing01.033图像image01.034影像image, imagery01.035图形Graphics01.036判读（又称“判释”、“解译”）interpretation01.037模拟摄影测量analog photogrammetry01.038解析摄影测量analytical photogrammetry, numerical photogrammetry01.039 数字摄影测量digital photogrammetry01.040数字地图模型（又称“数值地型”）digital terrain model, DTM01.041遥感图象处理image processing of remote sensing01.042遥感模式识别pattern recognition of remote sensing01.043地图制图学（又称“地图学”）cartography01.044地理坐标网geographic graticule01.045经纬网fictitious graticule01.046方里网kilometer grid01.047邻带方里网grid of neighboring zone01.048坐标格网coordinate grid01.049地理坐标参考系geographical reference system，GEOREF01.050地图map01.051地形图topographic map01.052平面图plan01.053普通地图general map01.054专题地图thematic map01.055地图集atlas01.056地球仪globe01.057地图规范map specifications01.058地图生产map production01.059地图投影map projection01.060地图编制（又称“编图”）map compilation01.061地图复制map reproduction01.062地图印刷map printing01.063地图利用map use01.064地图量算cartometry01.065机助地图制图computer-aided cartography，computer-assisted cartography, CAC 01.066自动化制图automatic cartography01.067自动绘图automatic plotting01.068图形显示graphic display01.069遥感制图remote sensing mapping01.070地名学toponomastics, toponymy01.071地名geographical name, place name01.072工程测量学engineering surveying01.073比例尺scale01.074基本比例尺basic scale01.075等高线contour01.076等高距contour interval01.077测量平差survey adjustment，adjustment of observations01.078精度估计precision estimation01.079精［密］度precision01.080准确度accuracy01.081偶然误差accident error01.082系统误差systematic error01.083粗差gross error01.084常差constant error01.085多余观测redundant observation01.086闭合差closing error, closure01.087限差tolerance01.088相对误差relative error01.089绝对误差absolute error01.090中误差mean square error01.091误差椭圆error ellipse01.092边长中误差mean square error of side length01.093测角中误差mean square error of angle observation01.094方位角中误差mean square error of azimuth01.095坐标中误差mean square error of coordinate01.096点位中误差mean square error of a point01.097高程中误差mean square error of height01.098国土基础信息系统land base information system01.099大地控制数据库geodetic data base01.100重力数据库gravimetric data base01.101地形数据库topographic data base01.102地理信息系统geographical information system，GIS01.103地图数据库map data base01.104地图数据库管理系统cartographic data base management system01.105地名数据库place-name data base01.106地籍信息系统cadastral information system01.107土地信息系统land information system，LIS01.108制图专家系统cartographic expert system01.109海洋测绘hydrographic surveying and charting01.110测绘仪器instrument of surveying and mapping01.111大地测量仪器geodetic instrument01.112测距仪distance measuring instrument，rangefinder01.113重力仪gravimeter01.114定位系统positioning system01.115摄影测量仪器photogrammetric instrument01.116立体测图仪stereoplotter01.117数字摄影测量工作站digital photogrammetric station01.118全数字化自测图系统full digital automatic mapping system01.119图形输入设备graphic input unit01.120图形输出设备graphic output unit01.121中国测绘学会Chinese Society of Surveying and Mapping，CSSM01.122国际测绘联合会International Union of Surveying and Mapping，IUSM01.123国际测量师联合会Federation Internationale des Geometres，FIG（法语）01.124国际大地测量学与地球物理学International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics，IUGG01.125国际大地测量学协会International Association of Geodesy IAG01.126国际摄影测量与遥感学会International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing，ISPRS01.127国际地图学协会International Cartographic Association，ICA01.128 国际海道测量组织International Hydrography Organization, IHO02 大地测量学02.001大地测量geodetic surveying02.002几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy02.006空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”)astro--geodetic network02.013参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018大地基准geodetic datum02.019大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020弧度测量arc measurement02.021拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023三角测量triangulation02.024三角点triangulation point02.025三角锁triangulation chain02.026三角网triangulation network02.027图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations 02.030方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031测回observation set02.032归心元素elements of centering02.033归心改正correction for centering02.034水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) h orizontal refraction error02.035基线测量base measurement02.036基线baseline02.037基线网base network02.038精密导线测量precise traversing02.039三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041铅垂线plumb line02.042天顶距zenith distance02.043高度角elevation angle，altitude angle02.044垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046国家水准网national leveling network02.047精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048水准面level surface02.049高程height02.050正高orthometric height02.051正常高normal height02.052力高dynamic height02.053地球位数geopotential number02.054水准点benchmark02.055水准路线leveling line02.056跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060子午面meridian plane02.061子午圈meridian02.062卯酉圈prime vertical02.063平行圈parallel circle02.064法截面normal section02.065子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068大地线geodesic02.069大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071大地经度geodetic longitude02.072大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical02.076垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080大地主题反解inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。

摄影测量与遥感技术属于地理信息科学（Geographic Information Science，简称GIS）相关的专业类别。

这一领域涉及使用摄影测量和遥感技术来获取、处理和分析地理空间数据，以获取有关地表和大气的信息。

具体而言，摄影测量是利用摄影测量原理和方法来获取和处理地表的空间信息。

它包括摄影测量的理论、测量技术、相机校正、三维建模等方面的内容。

摄影测量主要通过航空摄影、航天摄影、地面摄影等手段获取图像数据，并通过测量和分析图像中的特征点和几何关系来推导出地物的三维坐标和形状。

遥感技术则是利用遥感传感器获取地球表面的电磁辐射数据，并通过对这些数据进行处理和分析，获得有关地表的信息。

遥感技术主要包括卫星遥感、航空遥感、激光遥感等手段，可以获取不同波段的影像数据和地物属性信息，如地表覆盖类型、植被指数、地形高程等。

摄影测量与遥感技术的应用十分广泛，涉及到土地利用规划、城市建设、环境保护、灾害监测、农业资源管理等领域。

在这个专业类别下，学生通常学习空间数据获取、图像处理、遥感解译、地理信息系统等知识和技能，以应对各种地理信息科学和地理空间分析的挑战。

遥感英文专业术语001摄影测量学photogrammetry002卫星摄影测量satellite photogrammetry003摄影学photography004航天摄影space photography005航空摄影aerial photography006航空摄影机aerial camera007立体摄影机stereocamera， stereometric camera008非量测摄影机non－metric camera009量测摄影机metric camera010全景摄影机panoramic camera， panorama camera011框幅摄影机frame camera012条幅［航带］摄影机continuous strip camera, strip camera013阵列摄影机array camera014电荷耦合器件摄影机(简称“CCD摄影机”)charge－coupled device camera 015多谱段摄影机multispectral camera016地面摄影机terrestrial camera017弹道摄影机ballistic camera018水下摄影机underwater camera019大象幅摄影机large format camera，LFC020恒星摄影机stellar camera021地平线摄影机horizon camera022反束光导管摄象机return beam vidicon camera， RBV023象幅picture format024框标fiducial mark025象移补偿image motion compensation，IMC， forward motion compensation， FMC026焦距focal length027快门shutter028中心快门between-the-lens shutter， lens shutter029帘幕快门(又称“焦面快门)focal plane shutter， curtain shutter030景深depth of field031超焦点距离hyperfocal distance032孔径(又称“光圈”)aperture033光圈号数f-number， stop-number034象场角objective angle of image field， angular field of view 035瞬时现场(又称“空间分解力”，其值为地面分解力2．5～2．8倍)instantaneous field－of－view， IFOV036畸变［差］distortion037全景畸变panoramic distortion038几何畸变geometric distortion039径向畸变radial distortion040切向畸变tangential distortion， tangential lens distortion041物镜分辨率resolving power of lens042影象分辨率resolving power of image (注：一毫米内能分辨线对条数)043正片positive044负片negative045透明负片dianegative046透明正片diapositive, transparent positive047反转片reversal film048盲色片achromatic film049正色片orthochromatic film050全色片panchromatic film051红外片infrared film052黑白片black-and-white film053彩色片color film054全色红外片panchromatic infrared film055彩色红外片(又称“假彩色片”)color infrared film， false color film 056航摄软片aerial film057感光度sensitivity058感光材料sensitive material059彩色感光材料color sensitive material060感光测定sensitometry061感光特性曲线characteristic curve of photographic emulsion062光谱感光度(又称“光谱灵敏度”)spectral sensitivity063黑白摄影black-and-white photography064彩色摄影color photography065假彩色摄影false color photography066红外摄影infrared photography067全息摄影hologram photography， holography068缩微摄影microphotography, microcopying069低倍放大摄影pnotomacrography070显微摄影photomicrography071多谱段摄影multispectral photography072全景摄影panoramic photography073竖直摄影vertical photography074倾斜摄影oblique photography075小象幅航空摄影small format aerial photography， SFAP076摄站camera station， exposure station077摄影航线flight line of aerial photography078摄影分区flight block079摄影比例尺photographic scale080摄影基线photographic baseline， air base081摄影质量photographic quality082航摄领航navigation of aerial photography083航摄计划flight plan of aerial photography084航摄漏洞aerial photographic gap085航高flying height， flight height086相对航高relative flying height087绝对航高absolute flying height088基一高比base-height ratio089航向重叠longitudinal overlap end overlap， forward overlap, fore －and－aft overlap090旁向重叠lateral overlap， side overlap， side laP091骨架航线(又称“构架航线”)control strip092曝光exposure093摄影处理photographic processing094显影developing095定影fixing096感光sensitising097接触晒印contact printing098投影晒印projection printing099反差contrast100反差系数contrast coefficient101景物反差object contrast102地面照度illuminance of ground103影象质量image quality104影象分辨力(又称“象元地面分辨力”。

开采沉陷观测 mining subsidence observation开采沉陷图 map of mining subsidence开窗 windowing勘测设计阶段测量 survey in reconnaissance and design stage 勘探基线 prospecting baseline勘探网测设 prospecting network layout勘探线测量 prospecting line survey勘探线剖面图 prospecting line profile map康索尔海图 consol chart康索尔海图 consol chart抗差估计，*稳健估计 robust estimation考古摄影测量 archaeological photogrammetry克拉索夫斯基椭球 krasovsky ellipsoid克莱罗定理 clairaut theorem克莱罗定理 clairaut theorem刻绘 scribing刻图仪 scriber坑道平面图 adit planimetric坑探工程测量 adit prospecting engineering survey空基系统 space-based system空间大地测量学 space geodesy空间改正 free-air correction空间后方交会 space resection空间前方交会 space intersection空间试验室 spacelab空间数据管理系统 spatial database management system空间数据基础设施 sdi空间数据基础设施 spatial data infrastructure空间数据转换 spatial data transfer空间信息可视化 visualization of spatial information空间异常 free-air anomaly空中导线测量 aerophotogonometry空中三角测量 aerotriangulation空中水准测量 aeroleveling控制测量 control survey控制测量 control survey控制点 control point控制点 control point库容测量 reservoir storage survey跨河水准测量 river-crossing leveling块状图 block diagram快门 shutter矿产图 map of mineral deposits矿场平面图 mining yard plan矿区控制测量 control survey of mining area矿区控制测量 control survey of mining area矿山测量 mine survey矿山测量交换图 exchanging documents of mining survey 矿山测量图 mining map矿山测量学 mine surveying矿山经纬仪 mining theodolite矿体几何[学] mineral deposits geometry矿体几何制图 geometrisation of ore body框标 fiducial mark框幅摄影机 frame camera拉普拉斯点 laplace point拉普拉斯方位角 laplace azimuth兰勃特投影 lambert projection蓝底图 blue key浪花 breaker勒夫数 love's number雷达测高仪 radar altimeter雷达覆盖区 radar overlay雷达应答器 radar responder雷达指向标 radar ramark类别视觉感受 perceptual groupings类型地图 typal map离心力 centrifugal force离心力 centrifugal force离心力位 potential of centrifugal force礼炮号航天站 salyut space station理论地图学 theoretical cartography理论最低低潮面 lowest normal low water理论最高潮面 highest normal high water历史地图 historic map历元平极 mean pole of the epoch立标 beacon立井导入高程测量 induction height survey through shaft 立井定向测量 shaft orientation survey立井激光指向[法] laser guide of vertical shaft立体测图仪 stereoplotter立体地图 relief map立体观测 stereoscopic observation立体观测模型 stereoscopic model立体镜 stereoscope立体判读仪 stereointerpretoscope立体摄影测量 stereophotogrammetry立体摄影机 stereocamera立体摄影机 stereometric camera立体视觉 stereoscopic vision立体像对 stereopair立体坐标量测量 stereocomparator粒子加速器测量 particle accelerator survey 连接点 tie point连续调 continuous tone连续调 continuous tone连续对比 successive contrast连续方式 continuous mode连续方式 continuous mode连续减光板 continuous attenuator连续减光板 continuous attenuator帘幕式快门，*焦面快门 curtain shutter帘幕式快门，*焦面快门 curtain shutter帘幕式快门，*焦面快门 focal plane shutter 联测比对 comparison survey联测比对 comparison survey联合平差 combined adjustment联合平差 combined adjustment联盟号宇宙飞船 soyuz spacecraft联系测量 connection survey联系测量 connection survey联系三角形法 connection triangle method 联系三角形法 connection triangle method 联系数 correlate联系数 correlate亮度 lightness量测摄影机 metric camera量底法 quantity base method量化 quantization量化 quantizing裂缝观测 fissure observation邻带方里网 grid of neighboring zone邻图拼接比对 comparison with adjacent chart邻图拼接比对 comparison with adjacent chart邻元法 neighborhood method邻元法 neighborhood method林业测量 forest survey林业基本图 forest basic map零[位]线改正 correction of zero line零[位]线改正 correction of zero line零漂改正 correction of zero drift零漂改正 correction of zero drift零相位效应 zero-phase effect领海基线测量 territorial sea baseline survey六分仪 sextant鲁洛夫斯太阳棱镜 roelofs solar prism陆地卫星 landsat滤光片 filter旅游地图 tourist map略最低低潮面，*印度大潮低潮面 indian spring low water 略最低低潮面，*印度大潮低潮面 lower low water罗经[校正]标 compass adjustment beacon罗经[校正]标 compass adjustment beacon罗兰-c定位系统 loran-c positioning system罗兰海图 loran chart罗盘经纬仪 compass theodolite罗盘经纬仪 compass theodolite罗盘仪 compass罗盘仪 compass罗盘仪测量 compass survey罗盘仪测量 compass survey逻辑兼容，*逻辑一致性 logical consistency芒塞尔色系 munsell color system锚地 anchorage锚位 anchorage berth卯酉面 prime vertical plane卯酉圈 prime vertical卯酉圈曲率半径 radius of curvature in prime vertical 蒙绘 mask artwork蒙绘，*透写图 tracing蒙片 mask面水准测量 area leveling面状符号 area symbol瞄直法 sighting line method名义量表 nominal scaling名义量表 nominal scaling明礁 bare rock模糊分类法 fuzzy classifier method模糊影像 fuzzy image模拟磁带 analog tape模拟地图 analog map模拟法测图 analog photogrammetric plotting模拟空中三角测量 analog aerotriangulation模拟立体测图仪 analog stereoplotter模拟摄影测量 analog photogrammetry模式识别 pattern recognition模型连接 bridging of model模型缩放 scaling of model模型置平 leveling of model莫洛坚斯基公式 molodensky formula莫洛坚斯基理论 molodensky theory墨卡托海图 mercator chart墨卡托投影 mercator projection目标发射器 target reflector目标区 target area目视判读 visual interpretation目视天顶仪 visual zenith telescope内部定向 interior orientation能见度 visibility能见敏锐度 visibility acuity拟稳平差 quasi-stable adjustment逆转点法 reversal points method年平均海面 annual mean sea level鸟瞰图 bird's eye view map欧洲遥感卫星 ers欧洲遥感卫星 europe remote sensing satellite偶然误差 accident error偶然误差 random error判读，*判释，*解释 interpretation判读仪 interpretoscope旁向倾角 lateral tilt旁向倾角 roll旁向重叠 lateral overlap旁向重叠 side lap旁向重叠 side overlap偏角法 method of deflection angle偏振光立体观察 vectograph method of stereoscopic viewing 频率误差 frequency error频偏 frequency offset频漂 frequency drift平板仪 plane-table平板仪测量 plane-table survey平板仪导线 plane-table traverse平差值 adjusted value平衡潮 equilibrium tide平极 mean pole平均地球椭球 mean earth ellipsoid平均海[水]面 mean sea level平均海面归算 seasonal correction of mean sea level 平均曲率半径 mean radius of curvature平均误差 average error平均运动 mean motion平面控制点 horizontal control point平面控制网，*水平控制网 horizontal control network 平面曲线测设 plane curve location平面图 plane平面坐标 horizontal coordinate平时钟 mean-time clock平行圈 parallel circle平移参数 translation parameters平整土地测量 survey for land consolidation平整土地测量 survey for land smoothing屏幕地图 screen map坡度测设 grade location坡面经纬仪 slope theodolite剖面图 profiles普拉烈系统 prare普拉烈系统 precise range and rangerate equipment 普通地图 general map普通地图集 general atlas普通海图 general chart曝光 exposure气体激光器 gas laser气象代表误差 meteorological representation error 恰可察觉差 jnd恰可察觉差 just noticeable difference千米尺 kilometer scale铅垂线 plumb line前方交会 [forward] intersection钱德勒摆动 chandler wobble钱德勒摆动 chandler wobble浅地层剖面仪 sub-bottom profiler浅色调 tint浅滩 shoal桥墩定位 location of pier桥梁测量 bridge survey桥梁控制测量 bridge construction control survey 桥梁轴线测设 bridge axis location切线支距法 tangent off-set method切向畸变 tangential distortion切向畸变 tangential lens distortion倾斜观测 tilt observation倾斜位移 tilt displacement倾斜仪 clinometer倾斜仪 clinometer清绘 fair drawing求积仪 planimeter求积仪 platometer球面投影 stereographic projection球心投影，*大环投影 gnomonic projection区划地图 regionalization map区域地图集 regional atlas区域地质调查 regional geological survey区域地质图 regional geological map区域网平差 block adjustment曲线光滑 line smoothing全景畸变 panoramic distortion全景摄影 panoramic photography全景摄影机 panorama camera全景摄影机 panoramic camera全能法测图 universal method of photogrammetric mapping 全球导航卫星系统 global navigation satellite system全球导航卫星系统 glonass全球定位系统 global positioning system全球定位系统 gps全色红外片 panchromatic infrared film全色片 panchromatic film全息摄影 hologram photography全息摄影 holography全息摄影测量 hologrammetry全组合测角法 method in all combinations权 weight权函数 weight function权矩阵 weight matrix权逆阵 inverse of weight matrix权系数 weight coefficient热辐射 thermal radiation热红外线图像 thermal infrared imagery热红外线图像 thermal ir imagery人工标志[点] artificial target人机交互处理 interactive processing人口地图 population map人文地图 human map人仪差 personal and instrumental equation认知制图 cognitive mapping认知制图 cognitive mapping任意比例尺 arbitrary scale任意投影 arbitrary projection任意轴子午线 arbitrary axis meridian日月引力摄动 lunisolar gravitational perturbation 冗余码 redundant code冗余信息 redundant information儒略日 julian day三边测量 trilateration survey三边网 trilateration network三差相位观测 triple difference phase observation 三杆分度仪 three-arm protractor三角测量 triangulation三角点 triangulation point三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling三角高程导线 polygonal height traverse三角高程网 trigonometric leveling network三角基座 tribrach三角锁 triangulation chain三角网 triangulation network三脚架 tripod三维地景仿真 three-dimensional terrain simulation 三维网 three-dimensional network扫海测量 sweep扫海测量 wire drag survey扫海测深仪 sweeping sounder扫海具 sweeper扫海区 swept area扫海深度 sweeping depth扫海趟 sweeping trains扫雷区 mine-sweeping area扫描数字化 scan-digitizing扫描仪 scanner色彩管理系统 color management system色彩管理系统 color management system色调 tone色环 color wheel色环 color wheel色盲片 achromatic film色相 hue森林分布图 forest distribution map晒版 plate copying晒版 printing down闪闭法立体观察 blinking method of stereoscopic viewing 扇谐系数 coefficient of sectorial harmonics扇谐系数 coefficient of sectorial harmonics熵编码 entropy coding上下视差 vertical parallax上下视差 y-parallax摄谱仪 spectrograph摄影比例尺 photographic scale摄影测量畸变差，*畸变差 photogrammetric distortion摄影测量内插 photogrammetric interpolation摄影测量学 photogrammetry摄影测量仪器 photogrammetric instrument摄影测量与遥感学 photogrammetry and remote sensing 摄影测量坐标系 photogrammetric coordinate system摄影处理 photographic processing摄影分区 flight block摄影航线 flight line of aerial photography摄影机检校 camera caliberation摄影机检校 camera caliberation摄影机主距 principal distance of camera摄影基线 air base摄影基线 photographic baseline摄影经纬仪 camera transit摄影经纬仪 camera transit摄影经纬仪 photo theodolite摄影学 photography摄站 camera station摄站 camera station摄站 exposure station伸缩仪 extensometer深度基准 sounding datum深度基准面保证率 assuring rate of depth datum深色调 shade甚长基线干涉测量 very long baseline interferometry生物量指标变换 biomass index transformation生物医学摄影测量 biomedical photogrammetry声呐扫海 sonar sweeping声呐图像 sonar image声速改正 correction of sounding wave velocity声速改正 correction of sounding wave velocity声速计 velociment声图判读 interpretation of echograms声学多普勒海流剖面仪 acoustic doppler current profiler 声学多普勒海流剖面仪 adcp声学水位计 acoustic water level失锁 loss of lock施工测量 construction survey施工测量 construction survey施工方格网 square control network施工控制网 construction control network施工控制网 construction control network石英弹簧重力仪 quartz spring gravimeter石油勘探测量 petroleum exploration survey时号 time signal时号改正数 correction to time signal时号改正数 correction to time signal时钟频率 clock frequency时钟频率 clock frequency识别码 identification code实时处理 real-time processing实时摄影测量 real-time photogrammetry实用地图学 applied cartography矢量绘图 vector plotting矢量数据 vector data矢量重力测量 vector gravimetry世界地图集 world atlas世界时 universal time世界时 ut市政工程测量 public engineering survey示坡线 slope line视差 parallax视场对比 simultaneous contrast视地平线 apparent horizon视距 sighting distance视距乘常数 stadia multiplication constant视距导线 stadia traverse视距加常数 stadia addition constant视觉变量 visual variable视觉层次 visual hierarchy视觉对比 visual contrast视觉分辨敏锐度 resolution acuity视觉立体地图 stereoscopic map视觉平衡 visual balance视模型 perceived model视线高程 elevation of sight视准线法 collimation line method视准线法 collimation line method适淹礁 rock awash适应性水平 adaptation level收时 time receiving手持水准仪 hand level首曲线 intermediate contour艏向 heading输电线路测量 power transmission line survey 输油管道测量 petroleum pipeline survey鼠标[器] mouse竖盘指标差 index error of vertical circle竖盘指标差 vertical collimation error竖曲线测设 vertical curve location竖直摄影 vertical photography数量感 quantitative perception数学地图学 mathematical cartography数值地籍 numerical cadastre数值地籍 numerical cadastre数字地图产品标准 product standard of digital map双标准纬线投影 projection with two standard parallels双介质摄影测量 two-medium photogrammetry双曲线导航图 hyperbolic navigation chart双曲线定位，*测距差定位 hyperbolic positioning双曲线定位系统 hyperbolic positioning system双曲线格网 hyperbolic positioning grid双色激光测距仪 two-color laser ranger双向航道 two-way route水尺 tide staff水库测量 reservoir survey水库淹没线测设 setting-out of reservoir flooded line水雷[危险]区 mine [dangerous] area水利工程测量 hydrographic engineering survey水面水准 surface level水平角 horizontal angle水平折光差 horizontal refraction error水汽辐射仪 water vapor radiometer水深 soundings水深测量 sounding水深测量自动化系统 automatic hydrographic survey system 水声定位 acoustic positioning水声定位系统 acoustic positioning system水声全息系统 acoustic holography system水声应答器 acoustic responder水铊 lead水听器 hydrophorce水位 water level水位分带改正 correction of tidal zoning水位分带改正 correction of tidal zoning水位改正 correction of water level水位改正 correction of water level水位曲线 curves of water level水位曲线 curves of water level水位遥报仪 communication device of water level 水位遥报仪 communication device of water level 水文观测，*水文测验 hydrometry水文要素 hydrologic features水下摄影测量 underwater photogrammetry水下摄影机 underwater camera水准测量 leveling surveying水准尺 leveling staff水准点 benchmark水准路线 leveling line水准面 level surface水准器 bubble水准网 leveling network水准仪，*水准器 level水准原点 leveling origin瞬间地图 twinkling map瞬时极 instantaneous pole瞬时视场 ifov瞬时视场 instantaneous field of view丝网印刷 silk-screen printing斯托克斯公式 stokes formula斯托克斯理论 stokes theory撕膜片 peel-coat film四色印刷 four color printing似大地水准面 quasi-geoid搜索区 searching area岁差 precession隧道测量 tunnel survey穗帽变换 tasseled cap transformation 缩微地图 microfilm map缩微摄影 microcopying缩微摄影 microphotography缩小仪 photoreducer。

01 总类01.001 测绘学surveying and mapping, SM01.002 中华人民共和国测绘法Law of Surveying and Mapping of the People's Republic of China01.003 测绘标准standards of surveying and mapping01.004 测量规范specifications of surveys01.005 地形图图式topographic map symbols01.006 大地测量学geodesy01.007 地球形状earth shape, figure of the earth01.008 重力基准网gravity standard network01.009 重力场gravity field01.010 地心坐标系geocentric coordinate system01.011 地球椭球earth ellipsoid01.012 大地原点geodetic origin01.013 水准原点leveling origin01.014测量标志survey mark01.015 测量觇标observation target01.016 高程基准height datum01.017 1954年北京坐标系Beijing geodetic coordinate system195401.018高程系统height system01.019平均海[体]面mean sea level01.020黄海平均海[水]面Huanghai mean sea level01.021海拔height above sea level01.022海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System，NNSS01.023 NA VSTAR全球定位系统NA VSTAR Global Positioning System，NA VSTAR GPS 01.024惯性测量系统inertial surveying system，ISS01.025摄影测量与遥感学photogrammetry and remote sensing01.026航空摄影测量aerophotogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry01.027航天摄影测量（又称“太空摄影测量”）space photogrammetry01.028非地形摄影测量non-topographic photogrammetry01.029水下摄影测量underwater photogrammetry01.030航空航天摄影aero—space photogrammetry01.031航空遥感aerial remote sensing01.032航天遥感space remote sensing01.033图像image01.034影像image, imagery01.035图形Graphics01.036判读（又称“判释”、“解译”）interpretation01.037模拟摄影测量analog photogrammetry01.038解析摄影测量analytical photogrammetry, numerical photogrammetry01.039 数字摄影测量digital photogrammetry01.040数字地图模型（又称“数值地型”）digital terrain model, DTM01.041遥感图象处理image processing of remote sensing01.042遥感模式识别pattern recognition of remote sensing01.043地图制图学（又称“地图学”）cartography01.044地理坐标网geographic graticule01.045经纬网fictitious graticule01.046方里网kilometer grid01.047邻带方里网grid of neighboring zone01.048坐标格网coordinate grid01.049地理坐标参考系geographical reference system，GEOREF01.050地图map01.051地形图topographic map01.052平面图plan01.053普通地图general map01.054专题地图thematic map01.055地图集atlas01.056地球仪globe01.057地图规范map specifications01.058地图生产map production01.059地图投影map projection01.060地图编制（又称“编图”）map compilation01.061地图复制map reproduction01.062地图印刷map printing01.063地图利用map use01.064地图量算cartometry01.065机助地图制图computer-aided cartography，computer-assisted cartography, CAC 01.066自动化制图automatic cartography01.067自动绘图automatic plotting01.068图形显示graphic display01.069遥感制图remote sensing mapping01.070地名学toponomastics, toponymy01.071地名geographical name, place name01.072工程测量学engineering surveying01.073比例尺scale01.074基本比例尺basic scale01.075等高线contour01.076等高距contour interval01.077测量平差survey adjustment，adjustment of observations01.078精度估计precision estimation01.079精［密］度precision01.080准确度accuracy01.081偶然误差accident error01.082系统误差systematic error01.083粗差gross error01.084常差constant error01.085多余观测redundant observation01.086闭合差closing error, closure01.087限差tolerance01.088相对误差relative error01.089绝对误差absolute error01.090中误差mean square error01.091误差椭圆error ellipse01.092边长中误差mean square error of side length01.093测角中误差mean square error of angle observation01.094方位角中误差mean square error of azimuth01.095坐标中误差mean square error of coordinate01.096点位中误差mean square error of a point01.097高程中误差mean square error of height01.098国土基础信息系统land base information system01.099大地控制数据库geodetic data base01.100重力数据库gravimetric data base01.101地形数据库topographic data base01.102地理信息系统geographical information system，GIS01.103地图数据库map data base01.104地图数据库管理系统cartographic data base management system01.105地名数据库place-name data base01.106地籍信息系统cadastral information system01.107土地信息系统land information system，LIS01.108制图专家系统cartographic expert system01.109海洋测绘hydrographic surveying and charting01.110测绘仪器instrument of surveying and mapping01.111大地测量仪器geodetic instrument01.112测距仪distance measuring instrument，rangefinder01.113重力仪gravimeter01.114定位系统positioning system01.115摄影测量仪器photogrammetric instrument01.116立体测图仪stereoplotter01.117数字摄影测量工作站digital photogrammetric station01.118全数字化自测图系统full digital automatic mapping system01.119图形输入设备graphic input unit01.120图形输出设备graphic output unit01.121中国测绘学会Chinese Society of Surveying and Mapping，CSSM01.122国际测绘联合会International Union of Surveying and Mapping，IUSM01.123国际测量师联合会Federation Internationale des Geometres，FIG（法语）01.124国际大地测量学与地球物理学International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics，IUGG01.125国际大地测量学协会International Association of Geodesy IAG01.126国际摄影测量与遥感学会International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing，ISPRS01.127国际地图学协会International Cartographic Association，ICA01.128 国际海道测量组织International Hydrography Organization, IHO02 大地测量学02.001大地测量geodetic surveying02.002几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy02.006空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”)astro--geodetic network02.013参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018大地基准geodetic datum02.019大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020弧度测量arc measurement02.021拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023三角测量triangulation02.024三角点triangulation point02.025三角锁triangulation chain02.026三角网triangulation network02.027图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations 02.030方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031测回observation set02.032归心元素elements of centering02.033归心改正correction for centering02.034水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) h orizontal refraction error02.035基线测量base measurement02.036基线baseline02.037基线网base network02.038精密导线测量precise traversing02.039三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041铅垂线plumb line02.042天顶距zenith distance02.043高度角elevation angle，altitude angle02.044垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046国家水准网national leveling network02.047精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048水准面level surface02.049高程height02.050正高orthometric height02.051正常高normal height02.052力高dynamic height02.053地球位数geopotential number02.054水准点benchmark02.055水准路线leveling line02.056跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060子午面meridian plane02.061子午圈meridian02.062卯酉圈prime vertical02.063平行圈parallel circle02.064法截面normal section02.065子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068大地线geodesic02.069大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071大地经度geodetic longitude02.072大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical02.076垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080大地主题反解inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。