选修九《Unit2Reading》
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新人教版英语选修九第二单元Reading的课文译文海洋航行我们很可能感到奇怪,在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前,海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。
17世纪以前的航海记录显示,即使没有现代航海技术的帮助,他们也没有任凭海洋摆布。
那么,他们是怎样航行得如此之好的呢?读读百科全书这几页上的记载吧。
第一页:借助大自然使船只沿海岸线行驶这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式,所冒的险也最小。
利用天体●北极星在北极,北极星是在天上的最高位置;而在赤道上,北极星却在地平线上。
因此,熟练的航海探险家就能够利用北极星来确定他们自己的位置。
●太阳在晴朗的日子里,特别是夏天,船员可以利用正午在头顶上的太阳来导航,他们可以用太阳的高度来计算出他们的纬度。
●云层海上的船长观测岛上的云层。
有一种特殊的云彩的形状表明附近有陆地。
利用野生动植物●海藻海员常常看到海里的海藻,并能根据它的颜色和气味判断这种海藻在那儿有多久了。
如果它颜色新鲜而且气味浓烈,那说明船只就离陆地很近了。
●鸟在看不见陆地的时候,可以用海鸟来指明通往陆地的去路。
在夜晚的时候,筑巢而居的鸟就要返回陆地鸟窝。
因此,即使在远离海岸的大洋上,海员们也可以跟随这些鸟儿到达陆地。
利用天气●雾正如雾气汇聚在溪流或江河上一样,雾气也能汇聚在海洋上。
当靠近陆地时,海员们可以用雾气来帮助确定溪流或江河的位置。
●风聪明的海员常常利用风向来导航。
风向可以使船只加快速度,也可以造成危险。
于是,北欧的海盗们在出海或返航时都要观察风向。
利用大海技术娴熟的海员可以利用大海的某些潮汐或海潮把船送往他们的目的地。
第二页;利用航海工具找出经度直到17世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后,人们才有了测量经度的可靠办法。
以前没有人知道地球每小时向东转动约15度,然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。
早期测量速度的方法是沿着船边拉一根打结的绳子,把这根绳子系在圆木上,然后把它抛入海里。
当船只在水中前进时,这些绳结从海员的手中通过,这时海员就记下了绳结的数目。
英语高三选修九新人教版Unit2:教案【第2课时】ReadingThe Second Period ReadingTeaching Aims:a. Learn and master the key words and expressionsvoyage mercy minimum nowhere pole overhead offshore accelerate outward longitude latitude precise simplify portable shortcoming updated tendency reliableat the mercy of, even though, work out, be used to, in relation to, aim to , …b. Train the students’ reading ability. Let the students have some knowledge of early navigational methods. Explain how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors before the 17th century when they were navigating the open seas without seeing the land.Teaching Difficult Points:a.How to help the students understand the reading passage better.b.How to improve the students’ reading ability.Teaching Methods:a.Scanning the text to get the general idea of it.b.Carefully reading to finish the Comprehending exercises on page 14.c.Discussion after reading to make the students understand the text better.Teaching Aids:The multimedia; a tape recorder; the blackboardTeaching procedures & waysStep1 GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step2 RevisionCheck the homework exercises.Step3 Pre-readingShow the students some pictures to see if they can identify the early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they used.Step 4 DiscussionDiscuss the questions on page11.Step 5 Listening and comprehendingAfter listening to the contents of the text do the comprehending exercises on page 14&15.Step 6 ExplanationAfter comprehending, it is a good time to deal with the new words and language points in this part, esp. the following:voyage mercy minimum nowhere pole overhead offshore accelerate outward longitude latitude precise simplify portable shortcoming updated tendency reliableat the mercy of, even though, work out, be used to, in relation to, aim to ,Step7 DiscussionLet’s the students have a discussion by working in pairs or in groups.Topic: Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only hole ten items. What would you need for a week’s journey across the North Sea to England?Suggested Answer:Step8 SummaryThis reading explains how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors before the seventeenth century when they were navigating the open seas without seeing the land.Step9 HomeworkFinish the exercises about using words and expression on page61.************************************ 全单元教学目标概论I. 单元教学目标Ⅱ.目标语言。