机械设计外文翻译

中文4285字

附录1

LATHES & MILLING

A shop that is equipped with a milling machine and an engine lathe can machine

almost any type of product of suitable size.

The basic machines that are designed primarily to do turning，facing and boring

are called lathes. Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools，and none

can do it with equal facility. Because lathe can do boring，facing，drilling，and reaming

in addition to turning，their versatility permits several operations to be performed with

a single setup of the workpiece. This accounts for the fact that lathes of various types

are more widely used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.

Lathes in various forms have existed for more than two thousand years. Modern

lathes date from about 1797，when Henry Maudsley developed one with a leads crew.

英文资料

High-speed milling

High-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the

traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of

units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency,

high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry,

aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of

applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced

manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding

or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of

the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the

Machine design theory

The machine design is an application technical science which designs the new product

or improves the old product to meet the human need. It involves all domains of the

project technology , which mainly studies basic idea of the size, the shape and the

detailed structure of products. And it also studies the questions of manufacture, sale

and usage.

机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。

The one who do machine design work is called designer or machine design

engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Design engineer not only has the

creativity in the work, but also has deep elementary knowledge in mechanical

drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine

manufacture technology.

进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文

机械设计

摘要： 机器是由机械装置和其它组件组成的。它是一种用来转换或传递能量的装置，例如：发动机、涡轮机、车辆、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机、照相机和摄影机等。许多原则和设计方法不但适用于机器的设计，也适用于非机器的设计。术语中的“机械装置设计” 的含义要比“机械设计”的含义更为广泛一些，机械装置设计包括机械设计。在分析运动及设计结构时，要把产品外型以及以后的保养也要考虑在机械设计中。在机械工程领域中，以及其它工程领域中，所有这些都需要机械设备，比如：开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等。

关键词： 设计流程 设计规则 机械设计

设计流程

设计开始之前就要想到机器的实际性，现存的机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。新的机器必需具有以前机器所能执行的功能。

在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不要受到任何约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于阻断创新的思路。通常,还要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内的一些设想。

一般的当外型特点和组件部分的尺寸特点分析得透彻时，就可以全面的设计和分析。接着还要客观的分析机器性能的优越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且竞争力的成本也要考虑在分析结果之内。每一个至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸，同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调。

也要选择原材料和处理原材料的方法。通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性，如那些静态反应的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像动力惯性、加速动力和能量；包括弹性材料的强度、应力和刚度等材料的物理特性，以及流体润滑和驱动器的流体力学。设计的过程是重复和合作的过程，无论是正式或非正式的进行，对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要。 最后，以图样为设计的标准，并建立将来的模型。如果它的测试是符合事先要求的，则再将对初步设计进行某些修改，使它能够在制造成本上有所降低。产品的设计需要不断探索和发展。许多方案必须被研究、试验、完善，然后决定使用还是放弃。虽然每个工程学问题的内容是独特的，但是设计师可以按照类似的步骤来解决问题。