四级选词填空词汇

Passage 3As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same __8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.Passage 4As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thoserequirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.Passage 5Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it,without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, o n the job at le a st.Passage 6Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several __1__ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural __2__. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to __3__ to “England” because their inhabitants are not __4__ “English”. They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is __5__ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to __6__ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even truer of the __7__ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the __8__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather __9__ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic __10__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the ScottishPassage 8Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.A coeducational(男女合校的) school offers children nothing less than a tree version of society in miniature(缩影). Boys and girls are given the 1 to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of 2 ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical 3 it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa. When 4 , boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its 5 place.The greatest contribution of coeducation is 6 the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are 7 creatures. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school remove illusions of this kind. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and 8 problems involved in growing up. These can better be 9 in a coeducational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to 10 society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.Passage 13The anthropologist (人类学家) Clifford Geertz defines culture as a “historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols by 1 of which men can communicate, perpetuate and develop their own knowledge about and attitudes towards life.”Why is it important that you 2 about other cultures? There are a number of reasons. Some may do it 3 because they find fascinating the different ways that people think, speak, act, evaluate, and communicate. But let me assume that you are a more pragmatic sort of person, and are 4 in the “cash value” of a course like this — apart, that is, from the grade you will receive at the end of it. What is a class like this good for? Let me make a couple of suggestions on how what you learn in this class may prove 5 to you in the future:Business: Geert Hofstede’s excellent book on culture is 6 not primarily out of academic theory, but out of his study of the practical problems faced by one particular modern corporation (IBM), which exists across national and cultural 7 . In the world we live in, understanding 8 in general and also specific individual cultures in particular can make the difference between success and failure in the global market and economy.Politics and Diplomacy: If your career goal involves anything that relates to international politics and diplomacy, then understanding other cultures is 9 .Neighbors: If none of these previous factors 10 you, then you can just look at this class as a lesson in good neighborliness in the global village.Passage 14A pioneering study into the effects of a mother’s fat intake during pregnancy on her child’s health when he or she grows up is being launched at the University of Southampton.The research will investigate whether the type and amount of fat a mother eats during pregnancy 1 the risk of heart disease, 2 high blood pressure, in her child when he or she reaches adulthood.Although the link between high fat diets and high blood pressure is well known, there has been 3 research into the connection between a woman’s diet and her child’s risk of hypertension (高血压).The study, which is 4 by the British Heart Foundation, is led by Dr Graham Burdge, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Science.The award of this 5 grant is part of a ￡3.5 million boost for heart research in the UK by the British Heart Foundation. The charity’s special grants are made to fund research into the causes, prevention, 6 and treatment of heart disease, the UK’s biggest killer.Dr Burdge says, “The type and amount of fat in our diet has 7 during the past 50 years. Pregnant women 8 the same diet as the rest of us, but we know very little about the 9 of these changes in dietary (饮食的) fat on the development and future health of their children. We hope that the 10 of this study will help to develop recommendations for pregnant women about how much fat they should eat and what types of fat they should avoid.”Passage 15Major retailers and car manufacturers have slashed (削减) their marketing budgets in the six months to October, 2008, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have __1__advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most ___2__ prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2008, Marks & Spencer’s advertising spend fell 20.3 pc to ￡25.3 m, __3___ with the same period in 2007.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign __4__ celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2009. The retailer is, however, still the UK’s 25th largest spender on advertising, __5__ being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2007.Car manufacturers have also significantly ___6__ back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2008, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also ___7__ spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears, is a ___8___ as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price __9__ customers. The leading supermarkets have __10__ an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.Passage 16Teddy bears have been around since 1902. The teddy bear came to being when President Theodore Roosevelt refused to 1 a black bear held captive by his hunting party. Also worth noting is that President Roosevelt’s refusal to shoot this captive bear became a very popular political cartoon by Cliff Barryman.A Brooklyn shopkeeper was 2 by the cartoon. The shopkeeper then asked President Rosevelt for 3 to name a toy bear “Teddy”. Thus became the creation of the teddy bear.It is also worth 4 that the teddy bear was born in Germany between 1902 and 1903.The first teddy bears did not have cuddly faces or smiles, in fact, the first teddy bears had expressions which could best be described as 5 . Teddy bears were also quite stiff, the 6 arms and legs and soft, plush bodies came much later.Now teddy bears are still the number one item to give babies as their first toy, the prize to win your girl on your first date, and most 7 , the toy of choice for law enforcement to give to children in sad, unsafe situations to help them calm down and feel safe.The market for collectible teddy bears has seen significant 8 in the last several years. A collectible teddy bear is very different than the typical store bought teddy that you might give a child. The industry 9 collectible teddy bears as hard, not floppy, and fully jointed (meaning arms, legs, and head are moveable). The artists however, also determine collectibles. Steiff teddy bears and others have a very high collectible 10 .Passage 17Hungry prehistoric hunters, not climate change, drove elephants to extinction during the Pleistocene era, new research suggests.At least 12 kinds of elephants 1 to roam the African, Eurasian, and American continents. Today, only two 2 of elephants are left in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. One theory for this dramatic demise holds that rapid climate shifts at the end of the most recent major ice age, some 10,000 years ago, 3 vegetation and broke up habitats, causing the death of those unable to adapt to the new conditions. Another 4 blames prehistoric humans, whose improved weapons and hunting techniques allowed them to wipe out whole herds of elephants.To help 5 the debate, archaeologist Todd Surovell of the University of Wyoming, Laramie, and colleagues tested two assumptions. If humans caused the elephant and mammoth extinctions, Surovell reasoned, the timing of the die-offs in 6 regions should match human expansion into those regions. On the contrary, if the extinction was 7 to climate change, elephants should remain in regions 8 colonized by humans and would only begin to die off once climate change occurred.The team tested both theories by analyzing where and when elephants were killed. In all, the study included 41 archaeological sites on five continents. The researchers found that, as humans 9 out of Africa, they left a trail of dead elephants behind them. The creatures disappear from the fossil record of a region once it became colonized by humans. Modern elephants survived in refuges 10 to humans, such as tropical forests, says Surovell.Passage 18There have been claims that warming on Mars and Pluto are proof that the recent warming on Earth is caused by an increase in solar activity, and not by greenhouses gases. But we can say with 1 that, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planets have warmed in recent years, it is not due to 2 in solar activity.The Sun's energy output has not increased since direct 3 began in 1978. If increased solar output really was 4 , we should be seeing warming on all the planets and their moons, not just Mars and Pluto.Our solar system has eight planets, three dwarf planets and quite a few moons with at least a 5 atmosphere, and thus a climate of sorts. Their climates will be 6 by local factors such as orbital variations, changes in reflectance (反射率) and even 7 eruptions, so it would not be surprising if several planets and moons turn out to be warming at any one time.However, given that a year on Mars is 8 two Earth years long, and that a year on Pluto lasts for 248 Earth years, it is rather early to start 9 conclusions about long-term climate trends on the outer bodies of the Solar System.What do we know? Images of Mars suggest that between 1999 and 2005, some of the frozen carbon dioxide that 10 the south polar region turned into gas. This may be the result of the whole planet warming.。

1)There was no wind and the oak tree behind the house was standingstill.2)If you don’t want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions in books at yourlocal library.3)The girl walked steadily north, pausingto check her direction.4)The trade unionsemployers to invest more money in staff training.5)As a sailing ship has a, so we must have a definite goal in our life.6)Before people knew how to make and use metals, engineering constructions were built ofwood or stone.7)You’ll probably find Dave at the school disco—he often there.8)If your house has been broken into, don’t touch anything. Call the police.9)We had a familywhere I saw relatives I hadn’t seen for 20 years.10)I guess Henry has been busy writing an articlerecently. That’s why he couldn’t accept theinvitation.11)Scientists that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 years on average.12)Although it is unlikely that everyone will be able to come, they are stillwith the plan to hold aclass reunion.1)It’ll only be a visit because we recently haven’t much time.2)The job is greater advancement but the starting salary is rather low.3)We’d better pay that electricity bill before theyus .4)As pace of life quickens thingsto change fast in the city.5)Why don’t we get rid of these old chairs, since we don’t use them ?6)The earth’s atmosphere makesobservation of distant stars difficult.7)The lawn was laid outthe figure 8.8)I shouldn’t always have to tell you what to do, use your own .9)Words cannothow grateful we are for his timely help.10)It seems to me that the board of directors isover the opening of a branch office in SouthAfrica.11)I find it difficult to grasp the of infinite space.12)Philip presented a complex argument that was completely beyond my .1.Grandma her health after spending a month in the countryside.2.Mary isabout whether to stay on in her present post or to find a new job.3.This mountainous region iswith trained doctors and nurses.4.Henry got injured in the car accident and wasfor the rest of his life.5.They have been demanding the release of three of their colleagues from prison as aforfurther negotiation.6.We have succeeded because we had the to invest in new technology.7.I had difficulty understanding him because hea lot of words.8.The development of the oil industry willthe nation.1)It was already awhen two weeks later the police found his stolen car and he had to buy anew one.2)With great patience, the clerk showed the elderly lady how to check thein her bank accounton an ATM.3)If you look out of the windows on the left side of the bus , you’ll see that we’re nowthe Tower of London.4)There’ll certainly be some problems, but nothing that you can’t .5)People wholitter in the streets should be fined heavily.6)Successful businessmen today are likely to be young, aggressive, and well-educated. , theyare willing to take risks to achieve success.7)During those difficult years, the family lived almost entirely on aof cabbages.8)What are we going to the food left over from the party?9)We Tom’s age by getting his birth record.10)We’ll go out as soon as I’ve the kitchen.11)For women lawyers in the United States, theirearnings are on the average much less thanthose of male lawyers.12)I won’t get involved in a deal like this——it’s against all my .1)Astatement is a general term for a personalized financial record that regularly informs arecipient about the status of his or her account. It is generally mailed to the recipient on or near the same day each month.2)Over a hundred children came to the annual Christmas party which was a good opportunityfor them to gather and renew.3)My parents’ marriage was aof its time—those years of the so-called cultural revolution, withno wedding ceremony and no honeymoon.4)Having failed in the examination, Owen didn’t darehis father.5)Britain still has a bicycle industry; frames and complete bicycles arehere, though most of thecomponents are imported.6)The employees of the company are treated right with handsome paychecks and stock.7)San Francisco is one of the largest cities in California and a leading center of culture,, andindustry in the United States.8)Steve announced just now that he was leaving, but the coach had already started lookingaround for a weeks before.9)Shortly after he learned of the earthquake, the man hurried back to his hometown, searchinghigh and low to find out whether his parents had the calamity.10)I was listening for Grace’s voice, but it wasn’t easy toitamong all the others.1)The former lake bed is now aplain producing good crops of wheat.2)Aunt Pat’s rough, red handsa life of hard physical labor.3)If you are living, you may not have to pay tax in your own country.4)Helen is pretty, ofbuild, with blue eyes.5)We the boards down the middle to use them for the back of the shelves.6)Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearerthe trapped miners.7)Theof the setting sun reddened the steam.8)The kidnappers the boy into the car and drove off.9)It is common knowledge that dogs have asense of smell.10)The unusually cold winter caused many plants tolate this year.11)Training is provided, so noexperience is required for the job.12)We can go to the seven o’clock performance or the eight—suits you best.。

Passage OnePop means popular, and a pop singer is supposed to work very hard to become popular. He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will H(attract) their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his G(record) are sold everywhere, he cannot E(relax) _. Then he must work harder than ever to _B(remain)_ popular, because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.The life of a successful pop singer isn't at all easy. He can only relax when he is A(alone) , because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper, written for the fans. The fans are the most D(important) people in the world for the singer. They buy his records, they go to his conceits, and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very L(annoying) too. Sometimes the tans become so crazy that they do anything to get a "souvenir". They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide, and some have not been so I(lucky) as to escape being stripped(剥夺)practically C (naked)(裸体) by their fans. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart, or, at any rate, M(different)_. He must have an expensive car. And--most important –he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.Passage TwoThe United States is full of A(automobiles汽车). There are still many families without cars, but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are _H(necessary)_ part of life.Cars are used for B(business) . They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their I(products) . Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies.Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school F(BUSES) are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that J(far)_, their mothers _G(take)_ turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and neighbors’ children as well. Another drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool(联盟). Men also _C(form) car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less D(gasoline)_. Parking is a great problem, and so is the _E（traffic）_ in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.Passage ThreeDon't try kicking the tires(轮胎) on a very modem and strange car developed by students at Coventry University. Not only does the car have no tires, it has no B(steering掌舵) wheel（车轮，方向盘）, either.The Coventry Concept(概念) Car, as it is called is a __C (completely)__ new design that looks more like a snail(蜗牛) than an automobile. No working model（模型）, or functional（功能的）form of the _D(vehicle车辆) exists yet, but its designers recently introduced a life-sized model and explained how a real one would work.Electric motors would move rapidly undulating pad (形成波浪状气垫) A（underneath底层的）the car; moving the vehicle in any direction at speeds up to 480 km per hour. The motion would be a much faster way of L （crawling速率）, the way snails move. (Muscles in the bottom of a snail's flat foot _K(contract)__ in waves that push the snail along the ground.)Steering of the snail car would be _H(handled有把柄的) automatically by an onboard computer, which would receive signals from orbiting satellites. Those signals would help guide the snail car along a preprogrammed _ J(_route)_,Even the car's color could be computer-controlled, the student designer suggested. Instead of a painted-out _I(appearance)_, the snail car would sport (显示) an electronically sensitive film that changes color according to its _G(surroundinf)_ .Passage FourNot all language is verbal. Some of our J(communication) occurs(发生) without words. We often use our entire(全部) bodies for communication. We may raise our eyebrows to C(indicate) surprise. Perhaps we nod our heads to show that we agree with something. There are hundreds of nonverbal(非口头) H(signals信号，标志) that can be used to communicate. These signals are part of language, and they are G(governed管理支配) by rules in the same way that our spoken language is. For this reason, people who speak different languages often use different nonverbal signals as well.In addition to verbal communication and the type of nonverbal communication discussed above, there are other message I(systems) that we use to communicate. When we speak to some people, we may stand very A(close)them, while we may stand far away from other people. Use of space, then, is a way we can communicate(B(relationship) another person. The way we _D(dress)so communicate for us. The person who wears dirty jeans and a T-shirt communicates a different E(attitude) from a person who wears neat trousers and an attractive shirt. We can even use time to communicate. The person who is on time for an F(appointment) shows a different attitude from the person who is an hour late does. Can you think of other message systems we use in communication?Passage FiveHow can English teachers accelerate(加快|) the language teaming of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies(策略) are ―procedures or _A(techniques)_ that learners can use to facilitate(促进) a learning task.‖ B(instructing指导) students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students in becoming G(independent) , confident learners. Finally, students become more I(motivated) as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English.Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who C(reflect反映) on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems _F(encountered遇到)_, and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students __J(accustomed使习惯)_ to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the O (sole基础，触底，唯一)_ judge of their progress.Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental N(processes)__ with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to _ M(explore) new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.Passage SixAn unusual cooperation(合作) between the local university and other education providers in East Anglia has seen the C (establishment) of Norwich's new Learning Shop. At the city center shop, local people can look through booklets and leaflets to find out about learning opportunities G(ranging)__ from evening classes to postgraduates degrees. Skilled staff is on hand to give _I(accurate)_ information about courses and training in the region.More than 11,000 people have visited the shop since it opened in 1997. The majority of inquiries have been about courses in further education, but 17 percent have _ H(related)__ to higher education in general. Customer feedback J(confirms)_ how valuable the resource is. A woman’s F(comment评论，意见) is typical: ―It's a brilliant idea—less daunting than going to the different institutions.‖ A seller told us: ―This really gives you hope you can get back into something.‖Fellow _E(institutions体系) are welcome to set up exhibitions and events at the shop: to date, these have included poetry readings, a recorder concert and D(numerous许多的) exhibitions and displays. The shop is staffed by two advisers and other colleagues from the fellow institutions in the region. Speaking at the "Norwich as a Learning City" _B(conference会议，协商) . Prof. Mike Campell at the local university, said the first barrier to learning was lack of information. The Learning Shop aims to break down that _ A(barrier)) .There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever K(ignored) spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much G(priority优先) it must be given over general language development and _F(writing)_ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and E(tend) in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will A(confidently)_ to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to B(avoid) adventurous(危险) language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to C(content内容目录满足) rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible（难于辨认的）." It may have been a sharp criticism批评of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted遗漏省去to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the D(errors) , but if his priorities had M (centered居中的) on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek _N(improvement) .Passage EightJust like children, deer often cross British roads to get to the other side. But the cost is the deer's life. At night, _ E(speeding)_ cars hit and kill the animals. Now foresters are using natural animal D(instinct本能)_ to prevent dangerous crossings.In England, the British Forestry Commission has B(installed(安装) thousands of glowing red ―wolf eyes‖ along woodland roads. The eyes are actually reflectors (反射镜), _C(plastic)__ bars like the red reflectors on your bike. The ten-centimeter long bars are fixed on top of posts, with only these signs directed towards the woods rather than the roads.When cars speed by, light rays from car headlights reflect off the reflectors' shining surface and I(flash) into the woods. Deer are instantly(马上) _A(scared) by the wolf eyes—even though wolves haven't _J(hunt) deer in Britain or even lived there for a hundred years!Scientists think the glowing(灼热的) light K(imitate模仿) the "eye shine" of nightly beasts. (Y ou've probably seen eye shine on cats. Mirror-like cells in the eyes N(reflect) some light that hits them.) The deer must not have ―forgotten‖ that a wolf can run up to 72 km per hour in M(hot) pursuit, or can sniff deer out from 2.4 km away.Passage NineIt was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight studies are being conducted concerning the _A(appetite食欲)__ and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the _B(conclusion))__ of these studies may give insights into how to deal with weight problems. For example, when severe hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which F（relieves）tension but rather the act of C(chewing) .A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese (肥胖的)people have a keener sense of taste and crave (渴望) more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and _D(intensity强度强烈) of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to E(fulfill) this need. Blood G(samples)__ taken from people after they were shown a picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin (胰岛素), a chemical (associate) J with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight people.Exercise has been (recommended)I as an important part of a weight-loss program. However, it has been found that mild exercise, such as using the stairs instead of the H(elevator)电梯, is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging, which many people find difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also increases appetite.Passage T enThe first practical pen with reservoir is credited to Lewis Edson Waterman, a 45-year-old American insurance broker in 1884. The story goes that he was getting ready to sign a E(vital与..竞争)_ contract on a building site and had bought a new pen for the (occasion)K feeling that it would _ L(create) a good impression and be more convenient for the circumstances than the more usual dip nib pen. The C(contract) was on the table, and the pen was in fee client's hand. Once, twice and even a third time the pen refused to write and then it made an ink blot on the important paperwork. Mr. Waterman returned to his office in all M(haste赶快)_, obtained a fresh contract and returned to the site—a (rival比得上)A_ broker had beaten him to it and the client had signed a contract with the competitor.Waterman refused to be caught out again in like fashion and having an inventive mind designed his own pen and commenced to produce them in his brother's （workshop车间）O_. His design was based upon the physical force of capillarity where air replace the ink used giving a smooth, even, blot free flow. His idea was patented in 1884 but he continued to sell insurance while B（manufacturing）just a few hundreds pens per year. However, Waterman saw the _D(benefits) of advertising and sales increased rapidly. Gold nibs were H(obtains获得) from New Y ork and in 1900 a factory was built in Montreal, Canada to make the pens.。

Passage 1In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages 47 using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be 48 , of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also 49problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from 51 at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students 52 a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is 53 for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also 54 certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can 55 . It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a 56 where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 47 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 48 sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 52 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 53 device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 54 could find at aglance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 55 accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you 47 the two to do something for your local 48 ?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to 49 it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.50 , a biodegradable (生物可降解的)mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage 51 to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other 52 and can be hard or soft. and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic 53 . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it 54 nitrates(硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small 55 window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away."We've only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant 56 to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time," said one scientist.Blue is the world's favorite color. It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is 48 by deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色)are represented by the Islamic religion. It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue mostlikely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water that 50 us, blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color. Blue light has seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥的)unless 53 with warmer colors.Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle(喧闹)and 54 of the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. Blue 55 depth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space.Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst ofhigh-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.Passage 6budgets in the six months to October, 2008, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have 11 advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most 12 prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2008, Marks & Spencer’s advertising spend fell 20.3pc to ￡25.3m, 13 with the same period in 2007.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign 14 celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2009. The retailer is, however, still the UK’s 25th la rgest spender on advertising, 15 being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2007.Car manufacturers have also significantly 16 back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2008, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also 17 spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears, is a 18 as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price- 19 customers. The leading supermarkets have 20 an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.Undoubtedly the globe is getting hotter and hotter. The unavoidable questions are: How much responsibility shall we take for warming, and are we 47 to stop the destruction by limiting our insatiable 48 for natural fuels?It seems that global warming is too _49_ to be worried about, or too unpredictable. The computer_50_ cannot define what the weather is like next week. In cold winter day it might be considered that a little warming would be a fair thing. And doubtlessly: Alarming about_51_ alteration may sound like an environmentalist frightening strategy, aiming to urge humans to walk and keep the world cleaner.However, based on the data collected by scientists, bad news are brought to our living media.From California to the snowy peaks of China, the air is heating up right now, and the globe is being fast warmed, the _52_ has increased by 1 ℉ compared with the past century. In addition, some parts like remote places have been in a much hotter state. The results aren't satisfactory, ice being _53_ , rivers running dry, and coasts being _54_ , threatening villages and cottages.The 55 are gradually occurring without any obvious phenomenon. But they shouldn't slip our mind, because they can pose as a great potential threat to the 56 world.The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 47 you money or can add to the cost. Take the 48 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 49 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 50 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive51 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all。

大学英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5It’s the first question parents ask when their child is diagnosed with autism. Will his future brothers or sisters have a higher risk of 36 it, too?According to the largest study of siblings（兄弟姐妹）in families with autism, the answer is yes. Among 664 children who had at least one older sibling with the development disorder, the 37 risk of autism was nearly 19%, 38 higher than previous sibling-recurrence estimates that were anywhere from 3% to 10%. Kids with more than one older autistic sibling had an even higher risk of the disorder: 32%.The 39 suggest that genes play a key role in autism risk. But they also hint that other environmental factors 40 by siblings, like influences in the womb（子宫）, may be important as well.On the 41 of the findings, the researchers recommend that doctors closely 42 younger siblings of autistic children to pick up any early signs of the disorder, 43 an unusually large head or delayed language development and communication skills. Evidence suggests that early 44 and diagnosis of autism can help children take advantage of therapies that can treat some of its 45 .A list of choicesaverage basis common consequently detection developing distributed dramatically including monitor reason results shared symbols symptoms自闭症当家里的一个孩子被诊断患有自闭症的时候，父母问的第一个问题就是：他未来的弟弟妹妹们患自闭症的风险是不是也会更大？根据规模最大的一次对有患有自闭症的孩子的家庭中兄弟姐妹的研究发现，该问题的答案是肯定的。

英语四六级选词填空必背30词四级选词填空必背30词1. especiallyadv. 特别; 格外; 尤其; 主要；考试时，这个空前面一般是逗号。

如：Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys, especially in April and May.漫山遍野的野花点缀着山谷，特别是每到四月和五月的时候。

2. averageadj. 一般的; 通常的; 平均的；常考结构：the average …of如：The average age of the students is 19.学生的平均年龄是19岁。

on average 按平均数计算3.challengesn. 挑战；v. 向...挑战, 怀疑, 要求; 挑战, 反对4. consequentlyadv. 结果，必然地，因此这个词场常位于句首，且其后为逗号；或位于and后。

如：This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.这对农业和食物链都造成了威胁，因此必定会危害人类健康。

5. totaln. 总数, 合计, 全体；adj. 总计的, 全体的常考搭配：in total 总共，共计6. potentialadj. 有潜力的, 潜在的, 可能的常考搭配：the potential for sth. 某事发生的潜在性; 可能性7. maintainv. 维持; 保持; 维修, 保养常与以下词搭配使用：maintain friendly relations, contacts, etc (with sb) （与某人）保持友好关系﹑接触等8. naturallyadv. 自然地, 天生地9. charactersn. 品质，特性；特点；人物；字母，符号或记号10. limitedadj. 有限制的, 少的, 有限的常考搭配：(be of) limited use/value：使用、价值有限11. excessn. 过火，过头，无节制常考搭配：an excess of sth. 过度；过分；过量；过多还考过它的形容词形式，excessive：过分的，过度的；极度的这个词一定要认识哦！有一年作文题目叫on Excessive Package（论过度包装）。

2023年12月四级选词填空1. technology2. global3. knowledge4. communication5. opportunities6. sustainable7. challenges8. diversity9. environment10. digitalIn 2023, the world continues to advance rapidly in terms of (1)technology, bringing about significant changes to various aspects of our lives. The (2)global society has become increasingly interconnected, with people from different corners of the world easily connected through (4)communication platforms.As a result, (5)opportunities for collaboration and exchange of (3)knowledge have never been greater. The (8)diversity of ideas and perspectives has enriched the discourse on various global issues, leading to more innovative solutions to the (7)challenges we face.In this fast-paced and interconnected world, it is crucial to ensure that progress is (6)sustainable and does not come at the expense of the (9)environment. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions, promote renewable energy, and protect our natural resources have become a top priority.Moreover, the (10)digital revolution has transformed the way we live, work, and learn. Online education platforms have opened up new avenues for accessing (3)knowledge and acquiring new skills.Overall, the year 2023 presents a world full of (5)opportunities and (8)diversity, driven by (1)technology and (10)digital advancements. However, it also poses (7)challenges that necessitate sustainable solutions and a collective effort to protect the (9)environment.。

大学英语四级选词填空专项练习Passage 1What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constantF. definedG. vanishH. adaptedI. creativeJ. beliefK. suspicious L. certainty M. obsessed N. identify O. ideals Passage 2After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holid ay, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs givebuildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.[A]changes [B]flexible [C]decrease[D]recent[E]push [F]reduce [G]relatively [H]safety [I]resistant[J]expensive [K]force [L]accordingly[M]intensity[N]security [O]opposedPassage 3Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 1 you money or can add to the cost. Take the 2 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 3 buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 4 price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 5 to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you 6 when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 7 in excellent condition, y ou’ll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new 8 , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 9 , or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 10 three items or three estimates.［A］possession ［B］save ［C］best ［D］appliance［E］material ［F］from ［G］simple ［H］with［I］in ［J］element ［K］model［L］item ［M］easy ［N］adopt ［O］reasonable Passage 4There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 1 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2 for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 3 to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 4 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world isheating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty. Ice is 7 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8 , threatening communities.The 9 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the 10 of the planet.[A]remote [B]techniques [C]consisting [D]rest[E]willing [F]climate [G]skill [H]appetite [I]melting[J]vanishing[K]eroding [L]temperature [M]curiosity[N]changes [O]skillfulPassage 5It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 1 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 2 sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 3 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 4 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 5 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 6 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 7 device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 8 could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 9 accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 10 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.[A] allow [B] instance [C] blank [D] industrial [E] frustrating[F] items[G] indicating [H] highlight [I] user [J] complicated[K] white [L] annoying [M] successful[N] articles[O] simplePassage 6For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hitlist of our main fears: natural resources are 1 out? the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat? species are becoming 2 in vast numbers, and the planet’s air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more 3 n ot less so, since the book ‘The Limits to Growth’ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per 4 of the world’s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are 5 . Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them areexpected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25~50%, as has so often been 6 . And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been 7 , or are transient –associated with the early stages of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by 8 it. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to 9 a devastating (令人心神不安的) problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and some factors seem to cause this disjunction between 10 and reality.A) pose B) exaggerated C) accelerating D) extinct E) existF) perception G) wealthy H) magnified I) starving J) headK) running L) predicted M) abundant N) conception O) reducing Passage 7EI NIno is name given to the masterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.This strange ___1_____happens every five to eight years.It starts in the PAacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____2____,the ocean comperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects.The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___3___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased acrossAounth American ____4____floods to Peru.In the West pacific,there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia.So while some parts of the world perpare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and____5____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brough the most___6____weather in mordern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____7___of damage.The 1990 EI Nino will ____9___,but they are still not __10___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropicalF)phenomenon G)stable H)attraction I)completely J)destructiveK)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikePassage 8Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them __1__ to people saying there is anything different about them. “I’m really just a normal guy,” __2__ an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their __3__ fans suggest. They start to wear __4__ clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back toreality as fast as they had __5__ risen above it all. What will it feel like to soar to such __6__ and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to __7__ from your dream and realize you; are only human? Some only see the __8__ in losing something they had gained. They often make __9__ attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become __10__ financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.A) desperate B) disappointing C) cruelty D) bankrupt E) fancyF) protects G) altitude H) similarly I) wake J) contestK) object L) worshipping M) dignity N) originally O) protestsPassage 9When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English .Education soon became a __1__. “I couldn’t understand anything,” he said. He __2__ from his teachers, came home in tears , and thought about dropping out.Then Mrs. Malave , a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his __3__Spanish.“She helped me stay smart while teaching me English ,”he said .Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he __4__ confidence and began to succeed in school.Today, he is a __5__ doctor, runs his own clinic ,and works with several hospitals .Every day ,he uses the language and academic skills he __6__ through bilingual education to treat his patients.Roberto’s story is just one of __7__ success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most __8__ way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students __9__ outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif. , implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college __10__ rates of more than 90%.In E1 Paso ,bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.A) wonder B) acquired C) consistently D) regained E) nightmareF) native G) acceptance H) effectiveI) hid J) prominent K) decent L) countless M) recalledN) breakthrough O) automaticallyPassage 10As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education __1__. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the __2__ of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998.groups of children __3__ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace.The classroom __4__ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with __5__, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step __6__toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are __7__ useful when helping children along the pathto peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and __8__ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the __9__ of war. Starting a Peacemakers’Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the __10__ school.A) victims B) technology C) role D) respectively E) projectsF) offers G) information H) images I) forward J) especiallyK) entire L) cooperative M) comprehensive N) assuming O) acting【passage1-10答案及详解】Passage 1【全文翻译】美国人如何看待食物呢?我们爱吃，但是过后会觉得内疚。

第一单元：A. purposesB. secureC. howeverD. convinceE. projectF. failureG. unfamiliarH. furthermoreI. communityJ. appreciateK. expert L. appropriate M. conveyed N. engaged O. assureTo be a successful speaker, it is essential for you to know why you are speaking and what you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common 1____A___ of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or a/an 2____K___ in a field, wish to make your ideas clear to people 3____G___ with your subject? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund raiser for a naturalist foundation, wish to 4____B___ donations or collect cash? Or like a comedian or an after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone that you use must be 5____L___ for you purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone, and manner of presentation, for example, from information 6___M____ to a group of your friends.7____H___, no matter how talented the speaker is, a talk without adequate preparation is usually a 8____F___. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence such as “My purpose is to 9___D___ the class that cats as well as dogs should re quire licenses in our 10___I____.” Make sure that your subject is definite and not too broad. Then you should write an outline before adding details to it.1. They are busy, often stressed out, and don’t like to wait and they eat, talk, walk, and drive f ast.2. If you recognize yourself, you should remember to slow down and take more time for everything.3. They might seem unfriendly and difficult to get along with.4. Someone who is a sweetheart, a team player, or a people person may have a Type B personality.5. People with Type A personality work hard to succeed and to get what they want.6. As the opposite of Type A personality, the Type B personality is easygoing, patient, and friendly.7. We should learn to live in the present and stop worrying about the future.8. People with Type B personality are able to relax and have fun and they live a more balanced life. 5-1-3-6-8-41. 许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用。