研究生英语阅读教程单词4到8
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Is One Successful by Chance or by Fate?一个人的成功靠机遇还是命运?In the scientific world of controlled experiment, chance is seldom acknowledged as a contributing factor in important discoveries. There are, however, rare exceptions. In 1945 three men shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for the discovery and isolation of penicillin. How rare was this serendipitous event and was the discovery of penicillin really the result of an unexpected chance observation by a single researcher?在控制试验的领域,机遇很少时候会被认为是重大发现的主要原因。
但是,却也有例外。
1945年,三名科学家由于发现并提取青霉素而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学家奖。
这个偶然发现的事件是多么难得,青霉素的发现真是由一个研究者在不可预料的情形下偶然发现的观察结果吗?The scientific method is typically noted for its orderliness and control; In fact, we are taught that without these characteristics, experimental research may yield invalid results. Therefore, chance should play little or no role in the process of the scientific method. But what is chance? When is chance truly an accident and when is it foreseeable? Historically, some chance discoveries have led to startling new ideas that eventually directed important further scientific investigation of natural phenomena.科学方法通常以规律性与可操作性而著称;事实上,如果我们没有这些要素的引导,试验性研究就可能得到无效的结果。
Unit 4 Love and RomanceText A We Lave Who We Lave( I )Dr. Joyce Brothers1 I know of one couple; He is burly ex-athlete who, in addition to being a successful salesman, coached a children ’ s softball team, was active in his; Rotary Club and played golf every Saturday with friends. Meanwhile, his wife is petite, quiet and a complete homebody. She doesn’t even like to go out If dinner.我认识一对夫妇,他魁梧的前退役运动员,除了作为一个成功的推销员,一个孩子的垒球教练团队,积极活跃在;扶轮社,每个星期六和朋友打高尔夫球。
与此同时,他的妻子是娇小的,安静,是一个不折不扣的家庭主妇。
她甚至不喜欢外出如果晚餐。
2 What mysterious force drives us into the arms of one person, while pushing us away from another who might appear equally desirable to any unbiased observer?是什么神秘力量使我们投入到某个人的怀抱,而推动我们远离那些可能出现另一个旁观者眼里同样可取的?3 Of the many factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate, one of the most telling, according to John Money, a Professor Emeritus of Medical Psychology and Pediatrics in the United States, is what he calls our “love map”— a group of messages encoded in our brains that describes our likes and dislikes. It shows our preferences in hair and eye color, in voice, smell, and body build. It also records the kind of personality that appeals to us, whether i t’s the warm and friendly type or the strong, silent type.许多因素影响我们心目中的完美伴侣,其中最有力的,根据约翰金钱名誉教授,儿科医学心理学在美国,是他所谓的“爱情地图”——一群消息编码在我们的大脑,它描述了我们的好恶。
Lesson 11. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx.There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...that their long-term future must be considered...very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大,它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a conditionparallel to racism and sexism).As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default)encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时,他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视(和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似)的偏见密切相关。
Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature.如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论,那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。
对许多人来说,高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。
特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里,转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。
In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.事实上,转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。
READING SELECTION AThe Transformation of Marriage婚姻的变迁By Stephen Bertmantrans-: across; form: (1)n. fill in a form; (2)vt.[1] To be sure, ours is not the first time in modern history when efforts have been made to redefine traditional marriage. The communal "group marriages" of the 1960s and the individualistic "open marriages" of the 1970s each challenged the notion (concept) of a nonnegotiable contract between one woman and one man. The frequency of cohabitation, whether as a prelude to or as a substitute (n./ vt.) for a ceremony with legal force, has further undermined(weakened)the concept of wedlock(marriage)as a discrete(separate)and distinctive (different) state [marital status: (1)single; (2)married; (3)separate; (4) divorced]. All of these challenges, however, were or are predicated upon a relationship that is heterosexual, fashioned upon(imitate/ copy)the Adam-and-Eve template. The most recent and radical challenge to traditional marriage, however, rejects this religious template.Same-Sex Marriage: Action and Reaction (Response)[2] Inspired(Encouraged)by the activism (women’s liberation movement/ civil right movement) in the 1960s that secured political and economic rights for blacks and women, American gays and lesbians mobilized to end(stop)what they viewed as the discriminatory practice of granting(giving) marriage licenses only to heterosexual couples. As law professor William N. Eskridge Jr. (junior-senior; junior high school)has stated(said)in his book,The Case for Same-Sex Marriage (Free Press, 1996): "Marriage is the most important right the state(the government of the US)has to offer,in part(partially)because being married entails dozens of associated rights, benefits, and obligations(responsibility)under state and federal law." These pertain to such matters as parenthood, property ownership, guardianship, and inheritance. [be obliged to do sth./ sth.pertain to sb.][3] Outside the United States, however, efforts to legitimize same-sex marriage have met with (achieve) more success. In 2001 the Netherlands(Dutch)became the first nation in the world to provide civil [<->military] marriage ceremonies for homosexual couples. In 2003, Belgium followed suit (imitated). And in 2002 and 2003, courts in three Canadian Provinces ruled(vt.)that the[deny: vt. ~ (deprive) sb.of sth.)denial of marriage to same-sex couples constituted a violation of Canada's Charter of Rights.Interspecies Marriage[4] The exploration of outer space may result in the colonization of planets—and the potential for the sexual union of human beings and aliens.While(Although)the reports of individual abductions(seduction)here on Earth for the purpose of reproductive experiments may rightly or wrongly be dismissed(denied)as delusional, the intent(intention)of the people of Earth to explore the universe in search of extraterrestrial life is a practical reality. Whether such extraterrestrial life exists, or whether explorers from Earth will ever encounter(meet with)it and mate(marry)with it, cannot be known at present, but the possibility surely exists. Under what jurisdiction(s), if any, such marriages will occur, and with what biological and social consequences, can also not be known.[5] Yet, the potential for interspecies marriage already exists on our own planet—not for sexual or reproductive purposes, but for valid emotional ones (purposes) similar to those(marriages)that have motivated human couples down through history.[6] It has been said that the dog is man's best friend. As evidence, pet cemeteries exist where the last remains of loyal and loving pets have been interred(buried)with a measure(some)of dignity and respect equal to that accorded to human relatives and friends. The licensing of pet ownership has long been a function of government, and some pet shops carefully screen the intentions and character of prospective(potential/ would-be)human applicants before granting (giving)them rights to pet adoption. Pets, moreover, have sometimes been named as beneficiaries in their masters' or mistresses'wills.[7] Why then, one (anybody) might ask,should not an individual choose (=decide) to affirm (confirm)the emotional attachment(connection/ attached school)he or she feels for a pet with the formality(procedure)of a documented ceremony in which the human particular(involved) / concerned)promises to love and honor the animal companion? Though the devoted(royal/ devote oneself to sth.)pet would be unable to verbally acknowledge its willingness(desire)to enter into such a relationship, affidavits could be obtained(got)from witnesses attesting(proving)to the caring and affectionate(loving)bond(connection)between pet and owner.[8] To propose the possibility of interspecies marriage is not to demean the desire of human couples, whether heterosexual or homosexual, to marry. Rather, it is meant(intended)to suggest that the concept of marriage as a socially and spiritually sanctioned(approved)partnership need not be restricted to(limited to)humans alone if the partners to the arrangement are bound by a clear sense of loving and lifelong commitment.Marriage of human Being and Inanimate Object[9] If the element of sexuality is removed from the definition of marriage, then the marriage of human beings to inanimate objects becomes theoretically possible.[10] Critics of American society have frequently observed how Americans are "wedded" (married)to their material possessions. Why might not such a relationship be validated(legalized) by ceremony?[11] Many men are in love with their cars, especially classic models, and expend (spend) significant(large)amounts of time and money to maintain them. Why not license both the right to drive and the commitment of the driver to the car that faithfully serves him? The relationship would terminate(end)in the event (in the case) of irreparable mechanical breakdown (equivalent to the death of a spouse) or the disposal of the car by sale (equivalent to divorce).[12]Many an individual, moreover, has formed an intimate (close) relationship with his or her computer, spending long hours in its close company, often to the exclusion of human contact. Though the computer could not express its desire for monogamous union (marriage), its acknowledgment of a secret password, its ability to keep secrets that it shares only with its operator, and its instantaneous compliance would signal its faithfulness and obedience.Is Marriage Necessary?[13] Naturally, some(people)would argue that a wedding ceremony between ourselves and our material possessions is unlikely (impossible) and unnecessary. Few legal benefits, after all, would accrue(increase/ add)to inanimate objects from such an arrangement. And whatever benefits wouldaccrue to us, we already have.[14] Someday, in fact, the original notion(concept)of marriage may seem a semantic artifact ofa lost world. (983 words) [The other day<->Someday]ABOUT THE AUTHORStephen Bertman is Professor of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures at Canada's University of Windsor. He is the author of Hyperculture, The Human Cost of Speed (Praeger, 1998), and many other books. [supermarket->Hypermarket]EXERCISESI . Reading ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the following statements.1. According to the passage, the traditional marriage refers to _____.A. the religious template marriageB. the individualistic open marriageC. the wedlock of a discrete and distinctive stateD. the wedlock with a contract between a man and a woman2. According to the passage, what was it like in the 1960s?A. Group marriages were very popular.B. American blacks were no longer discriminated against.C. Feminist movement began to rise in American society.D. The same-sex marriage was considered abnormal.3. According to Professor William N. Eskridge Jr., _____.A. same-sex marriage should be made legal by American governmentB. without official marriage status, gays and lesbians may lose some rights and benefitsC. marriage licenses should only be granted to heterosexual couplesD. gays and lesbians have always been seriously discriminated against in the country4. The author believes that _____.A. some people have been abducted by aliens from outer spaceB. it is delusional to meet extraterrestrial lives in outer spaceC. it is quite possible that extraterrestrial lives exist in outer spaceD. the exploration of outer space has a practical meaning for the colonization of planets5. Down through history, the most important purpose of human marriage has been _____.A. financialB. sexualC. emotionalD. reproductive6. The author implies in the article that_____.A. some pets have been buried as honorably as peopleB. pets should not be interred into cemeteriesC. pets should not be beneficiaries in their masters' or mistresses' willsD. interspecies marriage has demeaned the desire of human marriage7. The author proposes the possibility of interspecies marriage based on the concept that marriage is a life partnership _____.A. sanctioned by the societyB. bound by love and lifelong commitmentC. providing spiritual and financial supportD. working as a basic unit of a society8. The author proposes the possibility of marriage with inanimate objects because he thinks _____.A. such a relationship should be validated by ceremonyB. many men are indulged in inanimate objectsC. many people have intimate relationship with inanimate objectsD. the definition of marriage can be extended to non-sexual relationship9. According to the author,_____.A. a wedding ceremony between human and inanimate objects is unnecessaryB. some people love inanimate objects more than they love peopleC. marriage with inanimate objects would accrue a lot of material possessions to usD. the computer has deprived many people of the opportunity to contact others10. According to the author, the notion of marriage will_____.A. be changed dramatically in the futureB. only be found in the dictionaries in the futureC. remain the same as its originalD. disappear in people's life in the futureII. VocabularyA Read the following sentences and decide which of the four choices below each sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined word.1. As the year progressed (passed), the war in Vietnam undermined national unity, compelling (forcing)the president and his advisers to spend much of their time explaining U. S. policy in Asia.A. weakenedB. stressedC. brokeD. split (video splitter/ a split second)2. The picture was different from all the others. It consisted of a lot of discrete spots of color. [A consists of B and C/ A is composed of B and C]A. mysteriousB. surprisingC. separateD. bright3. The preparation for the great military overseas operations entailed months of careful planning and preparation.A. entitledB. requiredC. provided (sb. with sth.)D. deprived (sb. of sth.)4. It was reported that a 19-year-old college student at Berkeley was taken from her apartment. And two days after the abduction a tape recording was sent to a local radio station.A. burglaryB. murder (n./ vt.)C. hijackD. kidnapping5. Mott suffers financially and emotionally as(when)his series of delusional get-rich-quick schemes(plans)goes bad (fail).A. expectedB. extravagantC. dreamedD.(brain)drained6. Then for a number of(a lot of)African Americans the strategy of the Civil Rights Movement was beginning to appear demeaning and even irrelevant.A. degradingB. destining (be destined to do sth.)C. deviatingD.(ascend<->)descending7. The member countries of the organization would act only with the sanction of United Nations. [act on sth.]A. punishmentB.(sustain->)sustenanceC. approvalD. authorization8. Miracles (->miraculous) are instantaneous they cannot be summoned, but come ofthemselves (independently), usually at unlikely(impossible)moments and to those who least expect them.A. evident (a.->evidence: n.)B. immediateC. inevitable(=unavoidable)D. hidden (camera)9. The Environmental Protection Agency estimated that the cost to industry of compliance with the new rules could be as high as $ 1 billion a year.A. following (observe/obey)B. executionC. accomplishment (=achievement)D. agreeableness10. On the basis (base) of the law, the woman's right is absolute and that she is entitled to terminate her pregnancy at whatever time, in whatever way, and for whatever reason she alone chooses.A. pauseB. complete(a./ vt.)C. expireD. stopB. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Ike each wordor expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.extraterrestrial jurisdiction to be sure pertain to follow suita measure of be bound by after all acknowledgment attest to1.In the U. S. the FBI has the broadest jurisdiction of all federal law enforcement agencies. It is authorized to investigate all federal criminal violations that the United States Congress has not specifically assigned to other federal agencies.2. Many Scandinavian words were introduced into Old English by the Norsemen, or Vikings, who invaded Britain periodically from the late 8th century on. Introduced first were words pertaining to the sea and battle.3. At a conference on space exploration, a Moscow astronomer proposed that two intense radio sources might indicate attempts by extraterrestrial creatures to let their presence be known. [press/ academic conference]4. Little is known of the earliest inhabitants of England. A prehistoric temple found at Stanton Drew in 1997attest to the early presence of an able(intelligent)people.5.To be sure, some people may disagree, but that doesn't mean I'm wrong.6. The first player to the left plays any card, and the rest of the players,follow suit. [(1)Yunnan is in the south of China. (2)Vietnam is on the south of Yunnan; The Philippines is to the south of China.; on the left/ right]7. He has not become rich in business, but he has had a measure(degree)of success.8. The representative of the United Kingdom argued unsuccessfully that such interference would only make negotiations more difficult; he declined(refused)to accept them or be bound by them.9. I know he hasn't finished the work, but,after all, he is a very busy man.10. The Clinton administration, reversing the policy of the previous Bush administration, supported acknowledgment of the growing North-South division of the world into rich and poor countries.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the rightword or phrase from the list given below for each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary. involve resource spouse unconventional universally at the same time complicate furthermore committed illustrateMarriage is commonly defined as a partnership between two members of opposite sex known as husband and wife. However, scholars who study human culture and society disagree on whether marriage can be universally defined. The usual roles and responsibilities of the husband and wife include living together, having sexual relations only with one another, sharing economic2 resources and being recognized as the parents of their children. However,3unconventional (conventional=traditional)forms of marriage that do not include these elements do exist. For example, scholars have studied several cultural groups in Africa and India in which husbands and wives do not live together. Instead, each4spouse remains in his or her original home, and the husband is a "visitor" with sexual rights. 5Committed relationships between homosexuals (individuals with a sexual orientation toward people of the same sex) also challenge conventional definitions of marriage. [commit: ~suicide; ~crime;committed time]Debates over the definition of marriage6illustrate(show)its dual nature as both a public institution(structure/ relationship)and a private, personal relationship. On the one hand, marriage 7involves an emotional and sexual relationship between particular human beings.8At the same time marriage is an institution that transcends(surpass)the particular individuals involved in it and unites two families. In some cultures (countries), marriage connects two families in a9 complicated set of property exchanges involving land, labor, and other resources. The extended (<->nuclear)family and society also share an interest in any children the couple may have.10 Furthermore, the legal and religious definitions of marriage and the laws that surround it usually represent the symbolic expression of core cultural norms (standard/informal behavioral guidelines) and values. [normal university]IV.TranslationPut the following parts into Chinese.1. The frequency of cohabitation, whether as a prelude to or as a substitute for a ceremony with legal force, has further undermined the concept of wedlock as a discrete and distinctive state. All of these challenges, however, were or are predicated upon a relationship that is heterosexual, fashioned upon the Adam-and-Eve template.无论作为法定婚姻的前奏还是其替代品,同居现象的频繁出现都进一步弱化了婚姻区别于其他结合形式的独立特征。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B U1—U8 单词汇总1. arrogant ['ærəg(ə)nt]adj. 自大的,傲慢的2. dynamic [daɪ'næmɪk]n. 动态;动力adj. 动态的;动力的;动力学的;有活力的3. stereotype ['sterɪə(ʊ)taɪp; 'stɪərɪə(ʊ)-]n. 陈腔滥调,老套;铅版vt. 使用铅版;套用老套,使一成不变4. contour ['kɒntʊə]n. 轮廓;等高线;周线;电路;概要vt. 画轮廓;画等高线n. (contour)人名;(法)孔图尔5. disdain [dɪs'deɪn; -z-]n. 蔑视vt. 鄙弃6. etiquette ['etɪket; etɪ'ket]n. 礼节,礼仪;规矩7. melee ['meleɪ]n. 混战,格斗;互殴8. petition [pɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n]n. 请愿;请愿书;祈求;[法] 诉状vt. 请愿;请求;恳求vi. 请愿;请求9. merriment ['merɪm(ə)nt]n. 欢喜;嬉戏10. loop [luːp]n. 环;圈;弯曲部分;翻筋斗vt. 使成环;以环连结;使翻筋斗vi. 打环;翻筋斗11. looped [luːpt]adj. 成圈的;酩酊大醉的v. 成圈;打环(loop的过去式和过去分词)12. pesky ['peskɪ]n. (pesky)人名;(罗)佩斯基adj. 讨厌的;麻烦的adv. 极端13. wallflower ['wɔːlflaʊə]n. 壁花(舞会中没有舞伴而坐着看的人);桂竹香14. pocket ['pɒkɪt]n. 口袋;钱;容器adj. 小型的,袖珍的;金钱上的vt. 隐藏;忍受;将…放入衣袋vi. 形成袋或囊15. roaring ['rɔːrɪŋ]n. 咆哮;怒吼;吼声adj. 喧闹的;兴胜的;狂风暴雨的v. 怒吼(uproar的现在分词)16. thrill [θrɪl]n. 激动;震颤;紧张vt. 使…颤动;使…紧张;使…感到兴奋或激动vi. 颤抖;感到兴奋;感到紧张17. incur [ɪn'kɜː]vt. 招致,引发;蒙受18. flinty ['flɪntɪ]adj. 坚硬的;燧石似的;坚定不移的19. improvise ['ɪmprəvaɪz]vt. 即兴创作;即兴表演;临时做;临时提供vi. 即兴创作;即兴表演;临时凑合20. discreet [dɪ'skriːt]adj. 谨慎的;小心的21. slither ['slɪðə]n. 滑动;滑行vt. 使滑动vi. 蜿蜒地滑行22. ingrained [ɪn'greɪnd]adj. 根深蒂固的;彻头彻尾的;生染的v. 使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式);生染;就原料染色23. ticklish ['tɪklɪʃ]adj. 不安定的,不稳定的;难对付的;易倒的;易痒的;忌讳的24. unreciprocated []单边的,没有回报的25. reciprocate [rɪ'sɪprəkeɪt]vt. 报答;互换;互给vi. 往复运动;互换;酬答;互给26. overtunes []主动表示;姿态名词27. foolhardy ['fuːlhɑːdɪ]adj. 有勇无谋的;蛮干的28. platitude ['plætɪtjuːd]n. 陈词滥调;平凡;陈腐29. unaccountably [,ʌnə'kauntəbli]adv. 不能说明地;不可解释地;无责任的30. importune [,ɪmpɔː'tjuːn]vt. 强求;一再向某人要求vi. 强求;胡搅蛮缠31. racy ['reɪsɪ]n. (racy)人名;(葡、阿拉伯)拉西adj. 生动的;保持原味的;适于赛跑的;猥亵的32. boisterous ['bɒɪst(ə)rəs]adj. 喧闹的;狂暴的;猛烈的33. riot ['raɪət]n. 暴乱;放纵;蔓延vt. 浪费,挥霍vi. 骚乱;放荡n. (riot)人名;(法)里奥;(西)里奥特34. banish ['bænɪʃ]vt. 放逐;驱逐n. (banish)人名;(英)巴尼什35. murky ['mɜːkɪ]adj. 黑暗的;朦胧的;阴郁的36. compatibility [kəm,pætɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]n. [计] 兼容性37. ordeal [ɔː'diːəl]n. 折磨;严酷的考验;痛苦的经验38. scornfully ['skɔ:nfəli]adv. 轻蔑地;藐视地39. erroneously [i'rəuniəsli]adv. 错误地;不正确40. provocative [prə'vɒkətɪv]n. 刺激物,挑拨物;兴奋剂adj. 刺激的,挑拨的;气人的41. corner ['kɔːnə]n. 角落,拐角处;地区,偏僻处;困境,窘境vt. 垄断;迫至一隅;使陷入绝境;把…难住vi. 囤积;相交成角n. (corner)人名;(法)科尔内;(英)科纳42. stranded [strændɪd]v. 搁浅(strand的过去式和过去分词)adj. 搁浅的;陷于困境的;有…股的(常用来构成复合词)43. conspicuously [kəns'pikjuəsli]adv. 显著地,明显地;超群地,惹人注目地44. gratitude ['grætɪtjuːd]n. 感谢(的心情);感激45. lush [lʌʃ]n. 酒;酒鬼vi. 喝酒adj. 丰富的,豪华的;苍翠繁茂的vt. 饮n. (lush)人名;(英)勒什46. libido [lɪ'biːdəʊ; lɪ'baɪdəʊ]n. 性欲;生命力47. wobbly ['wɒblɪ]adj. 不稳定的;摆动的;歪斜的48. stock [stɒk]n. 股份,股票;库存;血统;树干adj. 存货的,常备的;平凡的vt. 进货;备有;装把手于…vi. 囤积;办货;出新芽n. (stock)人名;(德、匈、捷)施托克;(英、法、葡、瑞典)斯托克49. awe [ɔː]n. 敬畏vt. 使敬畏;使畏怯n. (awe)人名;(德)阿韦50. withered ['wɪðəd]v. 干枯;减弱;羞愧(wither的过去分词)adj. 枯萎的;憔悴的;雕谢了的;尽是皱纹的51. spinster ['spɪnstə]n. 老姑娘;未婚女人52. parisian [pə'rizjən]n. 巴黎人adj. 巴黎的;巴黎人的53. spoils [spɔilz]n. 战利品(spoil的复数);赃物v. 掠夺(spoil的三单形式);糟蹋;损坏;宠坏54. scoot [skuːt]n. 疾走;轻便摩托车n. (scoot)人名;(英)斯库特vt. 迅速跑开;猛冲vi. 溜走;快走;骑轻便摩托车55. clutch [klʌtʃ]n. 离合器;控制;手;紧急关头vt. 抓住;紧握adj. 没有手提带或背带的;紧要关头的vi. 攫;企图抓住56. rave [reɪv]n. 咆哮;胡言乱语;热烈赞美adj. 赞扬的vt. 咆哮;语无伦次地说vi. 咆哮;胡言乱语;狂骂n. (rave)人名;(法)拉夫;(西、芬、德、瑞典)拉韦57. antisocial [æntɪ'səʊʃ(ə)l]n. 违背社会公德的人;反社会者adj. 反社会的;扰乱社会的;不爱交际的n. 圣人;贤人;哲人adj. 明智的;贤明的;审慎的n. (sage)人名;(日)三下(姓);(英)塞奇;(意)萨杰;(德)扎格;(法)萨热59. meditation [medɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]n. 冥想;沉思,深思60. embrace [ɪm'breɪs; em-]n. 拥抱vt. 拥抱;信奉,皈依;包含vi. 拥抱61. demographer [diː'mɒɡrəfə]n. [统计] 人口统计学家,人口学家62. momentum [mə'mentəm]n. 势头;[物] 动量;动力;冲力63. wreak [riːk]vt. 发泄;报仇64. havoc ['hævək]n. 大破坏;浩劫;蹂躏vt. 严重破坏vi. 损毁n. (havoc)人名;(英)哈沃克65. sharp [ʃɑːp]n. 尖头;骗子;内行adj. 急剧的;锋利的;强烈的;敏捷的;刺耳的vt. 磨快;把音调升高adv. 急剧地;锐利地;突然地vi. 打扮;升音演奏n. (sharp)人名;(英)夏普66. committed [kə'mɪtɪd]v. 承诺;委托;干坏事;付诸(commit的过去分词)adj. 坚定的;效忠的;承担义务的67. dilemma [dɪ'lemə; daɪ-]n. 困境;进退两难;两刀论法68. outstrip [aʊt'strɪp]vt. 超过;胜过;比…跑得快69. blur [blɜː]n. 污迹;模糊不清的事物vt. 涂污;使…模糊不清;使暗淡;玷污vi. 沾上污迹;变模糊70. limbo ['lɪmbəʊ]n. 监狱;地狱的边境;放置丢弃物的场所;处于中间的或不定的状态n. (limbo)人名;(纳米)林博71. unconscious [ʌn'kɒnʃəs]adj. 无意识的;失去知觉的;不省人事的;未发觉的n. 停止vi. 停止;终了vt. 停止;结束73. paramount ['pærəmaʊnt]n. 最高统治者adj. 最重要的,主要的;至高无上的74. ethics ['eθɪks]n. 伦理学;伦理观;道德标准75. welfare ['welfeə]n. 福利;幸福;福利事业;安宁adj. 福利的;接受社会救济的76. ethical ['eθɪk(ə)l]n. 处方药adj. 伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的77. pose [pəʊz]vi. 摆姿势;佯装;矫揉造作vt. 造成,形成;摆姿势;装模作样;提出…讨论n. 姿势,姿态;装模作样78. bioethics [baɪəʊ'eθɪks]n. 生物伦理学79. chaplain ['tʃæplɪn]n. 牧师;专职教士n. (chaplain)人名;(法)沙普兰80. psychiatrist [saɪ'kaɪətrɪst]n. 精神病学家,精神病医生81. gasp [gɑːsp]n. 喘气vi. 喘气;喘息;渴望vt. 气喘吁吁地说;喘着气说话82. status ['steɪtəs]n. 地位;状态;情形;重要身份83. statute ['stætjuːt; -tʃuːt]n. [法] 法规;法令;条例84. prolong [prə'lɒŋ]vt. 延长;拖延85. intravenously [,intrə'vi:nəsli]adv. 静脉注射地;通过静脉86. hospice ['hɒspɪs]n. 收容所;旅客招待所;救济院n. (hospice)人名;(法)奥斯皮斯87. thorny ['θɔːnɪ]adj. 多刺的;痛苦的;令人苦恼的88. afflict [ə'flɪkt]vt. 折磨;使痛苦;使苦恼89. stroke [strəʊk]n. (游泳或划船的)划;中风;(打、击等的)一下;冲程;(成功的)举动;尝试;轻抚vt. (用笔等)画;轻抚;轻挪;敲击;划尾桨;划掉;(打字时)击打键盘vi. 击球;作尾桨手,指挥划桨;(打字时)击打键盘90. opt [ɒpt]vi. 选择91. clot [klɒt]n. [生理] 凝块vi. 凝结vt. 使凝结成块n. (clot)人名;(法)克洛;(西)克洛特92. prognosis [prɒg'nəʊsɪs]n. [医] 预后;预知93. guise [gaɪz]n. 伪装;装束;外观vt. 使化装vi. 伪装n. (guise)人名;(葡)吉塞;(英、法)吉斯94. euthanasia [,juːθə'neɪzɪə]n. 安乐死;安乐死术95. senility [sɪ'nɪlɪtɪ]n. [基医] 衰老;高龄;老态龙钟96. probation [prə'beɪʃ(ə)n]n. 试用;缓刑;查验97. viable ['vaiəbl]adj. 可行的;能养活的;能生育的98. womb [wuːm]n. [解剖] 子宫;发源地vt. 容纳99. salvage ['sælvɪdʒ]n. 打捞;海上救助;抢救财货;救难的奖金vt. 抢救;海上救助n. (salvage)人名;(法)萨尔瓦热100. deformity [dɪ'fɔːmɪtɪ]n. 畸形;畸形的人或物;道德方面的缺陷101. transposition [trænspə'zɪʃ(ə)n; trɑːns-; -nz-]n. [数] 移项;调换;换置;变调102. artery ['ɑːtərɪ]n. 动脉;干道;主流103. congenital [kən'dʒenɪt(ə)l]adj. 先天的,天生的;天赋的104. defect ['diːfekt; dɪ'fekt]n. 缺点,缺陷;不足之处vi. 变节;叛变105. handicap ['hændɪkæp]n. 障碍;不利条件,不利的因素vt. 妨碍,阻碍;使不利106. retardation [,riːtɑː'deɪʃən]n. 阻滞;迟延;妨碍107. lingering ['lɪŋgərɪŋ]v. 徘徊;缓慢消失;沉思(linger的ing形式)adj. 拖延的108. intestine [ɪn'testɪn]n. 肠adj. 内部的;国内的109. plea [pliː]n. 恳求,请求;辩解,辩护;借口,托辞110. retarded [rɪ'tɑːdɪd]adj. 智力迟钝的;发展迟缓的111. arsenal ['ɑ:sənəl]n. 兵工厂;军械库112. grapple ['græp(ə)l]n. 抓住;格斗vi. 抓住;格斗;抓斗机vt. 抓住;与…格斗113. comatose ['kəʊmətəʊs; -z]adj. 昏迷的;昏睡状态的;麻木的;怠惰的114. allegedly [ə'ledʒɪdlɪ]adv. 依其申述;据说,据称115. respirator ['respɪreɪtə]n. 口罩;[医] 呼吸器;防毒面具116. morphine ['mɔːfiːn]n. [毒物][药] 吗啡117. susequentsusequent: 后来的118. acquit [ə'kwɪt]vt. 无罪释放;表现;脱卸义务和责任;清偿119. frontier ['frʌntɪə; frʌn'tɪə]n. 前沿;边界;国境adj. 边界的;开拓的n. (frontier)人名;(法)弗龙捷120. patterning ['pætənɪŋ]n. 图案结构,图形v. 仿造(pattern的ing形式)121. spatial ['speɪʃ(ə)l]adj. 空间的;存在于空间的;受空间条件限制的122. consciousness ['kɒnʃəsnɪs]n. 意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉123. perception [pə'sepʃ(ə)n]n. 知觉;[生理] 感觉;看法;洞察力;获取124. subjective [səb'dʒektɪv]adj. 主观的;个人的;自觉的125. concreteness ['kɔnkri:tnis]n. 具体;具体性;确实126. linguistic [lɪŋ'gwɪstɪk]adj. 语言的;语言学的127. Hopi ['həupi]n. 霍皮语;霍皮人128. tangible ['tæn(d)ʒɪb(ə)l]n. 有形资产adj. 有形的;切实的;可触摸的129. precede [prɪ'siːd]vt. 领先,在…之前;优于,高于vi. 领先,在前面130. floral ['flɔːr(ə)l; 'flɒ-]adj. 花的;植物的,植物群的;花似的131. unsaid [ʌn'sed]adj. 未说出口的;未用语言表达出来的v. 取消;撤回;收回(unsay的过去分词形式)132. grid [grɪd]n. 网格;格子,栅格;输电网133. axis ['æksɪs]n. 轴;轴线;轴心国134. sequentially [si'kwenʃəli]adv. 从而;继续地;循序地135. layout ['leɪaʊt]n. 布局;设计;安排;陈列136. centralization [英[ˌsentrəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] 美[ˌsentrəlaɪ'zeɪʃn]] n. 集中化;中央集权管理137. characterize ['kærəktəraiz]vt. 描绘…的特性;具有…的特征vi. 塑造人物138. designate ['dezɪgneɪt]vt. 指定;指派;标出;把…定名为adj. 指定的;选定的139. intrusion [ɪn'truːʒ(ə)n]n. 侵入;闯入140. inappropriate [ɪnə'prəʊprɪət]adj. 不适当的;不相称的141. movable ['muːvəb(ə)l]n. 动产;可移动的东西adj. 动产的;可移动的;不固定的142. superiority [suː,pɪərɪ'ɒrɪtɪ; sjuː-]n. 优越,优势;优越性143. inferiority [ɪn,fɪərɪ'ɒrɪtɪ]n. 自卑;下属;次等;下部144. segregate ['segrɪgeɪt]vt. 使隔离;使分离;在…实行种族隔离145. caste [kɑːst]n. (印度社会中的)种姓;(具有严格等级差别的)社会地位;(排他的)社会团体n. (caste)人名;(英、法)卡斯特146. secular ['sekjʊlə]n. 修道院外的教士,(对宗教家而言的) 俗人adj. 世俗的;长期的;现世的;不朽的147. archaeological [,ɑ:kiə'lɔdʒikəl]adj. [古] 考古学的;[古] 考古学上的148. uncover [ʌn'kʌvə]vt. 发现;揭开;揭露vi. 发现;揭示;揭去盖子149. persistent [pə'sɪst(ə)nt]adj. 固执的,坚持的;持久稳固的150. architect ['ɑːkɪtekt]n. 建筑师缔造者151. inconsistent [ɪnkən'sɪst(ə)nt]adj. 不一致的;前后矛盾的152. anthropologist [,ænθrə'pɒlədʒɪst]n. 人类学家;人类学者153. modify ['mɒdɪfaɪ]vt. 修改,修饰;更改vi. 修改154. courtyard ['kɔːtjɑːd]n. 庭院,院子;天井155. privacy ['prɪvəsɪ; 'praɪ-]n. 隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处156. reflect [rɪ'flekt]vt. 反映;反射,照出;表达;显示;反省vi. 反射,映现;深思157. recreate [riːkrɪ'eɪt]vt. 再创造;使得到娱乐/消遣vi. 娱乐;消遣158. adaptation [ædəp'teɪʃ(ə)n]n. 适应;改编;改编本,改写本159. populate ['pɒpjʊleɪt]vt. 居住于;构成人口;移民于;殖民于160. suffix ['sʌfɪks]n. 后缀;下标vt. 添后缀161. chamber ['tʃeɪmbə]n. (身体或器官内的)室,膛;房间;会所adj. 室内的;私人的,秘密的vt. 把…关在室内;装填(弹药等)n. (chamber)人名;(英)钱伯162. integrated ['ɪntɪgreɪtɪd]adj. 综合的;完整的;互相协调的v. 整合;使…成整体(integrate的过去分词)163. arable ['ærəb(ə)l]n. 耕地adj. 适于耕种的;可开垦的n. (arable)人名;(英)阿拉布尔164. landmark ['læn(d)mɑːk]n. [航]陆标;地标;界标;里程碑;纪念碑;地界标;划时代的事adj. 有重大意义或影响的n. (瑞典、挪)兰德马克(人名)165. eskimo ['eskiməu]n. 爱斯基摩人;爱斯基摩语adj. 爱斯基摩人的166. literally ['lɪt(ə)rəlɪ]adv. 照字面地;逐字地;不夸张地;正确地;简直167. infringe [ɪn'frɪn(d)ʒ]vt. 侵犯;违反;破坏vi. 侵犯;侵害168. hellion ['heljən]n. 坏人;应该下地狱的人n. (hellion)人名;(法)埃利翁169. boorish ['bɔːrɪʃ; 'bʊərɪʃ]adj. 粗野的;粗鲁的;粗鄙的;笨拙的;乡土气的170. presentation [prez(ə)n'teɪʃ(ə)n]n. 展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送171. rapt [ræpt]adj. 全神贯注的;入迷的172. soundtrack ['saʊn(d)træk]n. 声带;声道;声迹;电影配音173. aisle [aɪl]n. 通道,走道;侧廊174. dumbfounded [dʌm'faundid]v. 使…慌乱;使…慌乱(dumbfound的过去分词)adj. 目瞪口呆的,惊呆的175. seemingly ['siːmɪŋlɪ]adv. 看来似乎;表面上看来176. condone [kən'dəʊn]vt. 宽恕;赦免177. impulse ['ɪmpʌls]n. 冲动;[电子] 脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力vt. 推动178. commonplace ['kɒmənpleɪs]n. 老生常谈;司空见惯的事;普通的东西adj. 平凡的;陈腐的179. psychologist [saɪ'kɒlədʒɪst]n. 心理学家,心理学者180. vulgar ['vʌlgə]n. 平民,百姓adj. 粗俗的;通俗的;本土的181. antics ['æntiks]n. 滑稽动作;古怪姿态182. yuk [jʌk]n. 引起大笑的趣事;(因有趣而发出的)咯咯大笑183. acerbic [ə'sɜːbɪk]adj. 尖刻的(等于acerb);酸的;辛辣的184. brash [bræʃ]n. 骤雨;碎片;胃灼热n. (brash)人名;(英)布拉什adj. 无礼的,傲慢的;仓促的,性急的185. assault [ə'sɔːlt; ə'sɒlt]n. 攻击;袭击vt. 攻击;袭击vi. 袭击;动武186. abominable [ə'bɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l]adj. 讨厌的;令人憎恶的;糟透的187. umpire ['ʌmpaɪə]n. 裁判员,仲裁人vt. 仲裁,裁判vi. 当裁判,任裁判188. assessment [ə'sesmənt]n. 评定;估价189. impulsive [ɪm'pʌlsɪv]adj. 冲动的;受感情驱使的;任性的190. disobedient [dɪsə'biːdɪənt]adj. 不服从的;违背的;不孝的191. counterpart ['kaʊntəpɑːt]n. 副本;配对物;极相似的人或物192. fray [freɪ]n. 争论;打架;磨损处vt. 使磨损;变得令人紧张、急躁vi. 被磨损n. (fray)人名;(法)弗雷;(德)弗赖;(匈)弗劳伊193. strive [straɪv]vi. 努力;奋斗;抗争194. appall [ə'pɔ:l]vt. 使胆寒;使惊骇195. obscene [əb'siːn]adj. 淫秽的;猥亵的;可憎的196. beauty ['bjuːtɪ]n. 美;美丽;美人;美好的东西197. beast [biːst]n. 野兽;畜生,人面兽心的人198. varsity ['vɑːsɪtɪ]n. 大学;大学运动代表队adj. 大学代表队的199. livid ['lɪvɪd]adj. 铅色的;青灰色的;非常生气的200. rage [reɪdʒ]n. 愤怒;狂暴,肆虐;情绪激动vi. 大怒,发怒;流行,风行n. (rage)人名;(丹)拉厄201. devastating ['devəsteitiŋ]adj. 毁灭性的;全然的v. 摧毁(devastate的ing形式);毁坏202. frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd]v. 挫败;阻挠(frustrate的过去式和过去分词形式)adj. 失意的,挫败的;泄气的203. frustration [frʌ'streɪʃn]n. 挫折204. violate ['vaɪəleɪt]vt. 违反;侵犯,妨碍;亵渎205. gallantly ['gæləntli]adv. 勇敢地;漂亮地;献殷勤地206. columnist ['kɒləm(n)ɪst]n. 专栏作家207. graciously ['greiʃəsli]adv. 和蔼地;仁慈地;雅致地208. provocation [,prɒvə'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 挑衅;激怒;挑拨209. vigilant ['vɪdʒɪl(ə)nt]adj. 警惕的;警醒的;注意的;警戒的210. jerk [dʒɜːk]n. 肌肉抽搐;性情古怪的人;蠢人;急拉vi. 痉挛;急拉;颠簸地行进vt. 猛拉n. (jerk)人名;(俄)埃尔克;(匈)耶尔克211. demeanor [di'mi:nə]n. 风度;举止;行为212. thoughtlessness ['θɔ:tlisnis]n. 欠考虑;不体贴213. deliberate [dɪ'lɪb(ə)rət]adj. 故意的;深思熟虑的;从容的vt. 仔细考虑;商议214. aggression [ə'greʃ(ə)n]n. 侵略;进攻;侵犯;侵害215. name-calling ['neim,kɔ:liŋ]n. 骂人,中伤216. coercion [kəʊ'ɜːʃ(ə)n]n. 强制;强迫;高压政治;威压217. prompt [prɒm(p)t]n. 提示;付款期限;dos命令:改变dos系统提示符的风格adj. 敏捷的,迅速的;立刻的vt. 提示;促进;激起;(给演员)提白adv. 准时地218. consultant [kən'sʌlt(ə)nt]n. 顾问;咨询者;会诊医生219. slobabbr. 激光扫描检眼镜(scanning laser ophthalmoscope);斯洛文尼亚(slovenia,南斯拉夫一共和国);学生学习成果(student learning outcome)220. defuse [diː'fjuːz]vt. 平息;去掉…的雷管;使除去危险性221. defensiveness [di'fensivnis]n. 防御;防御性222. attest [ə'test]vt. 证明;证实;为…作证vi. 证明;作证223. plunk [plʌŋk]n. 使劲投掷;一美元vt. 用力丢下;使发扑通声adv. 恰好;发出扑通声vi. 砰砰作响;沉重地坠落224. curb [kɜːb]n. 抑制;路边;勒马绳vt. 控制;勒住225. hop [hɒp]vt. 搭乘v. 单足跳跃〔跳行〕vi. 双足或齐足跳行n. 蹦跳,跳跃;跳舞;一次飞行的距离n. (hop)人名;(中)合(广东话·威妥玛) 226. perspective [pə'spektɪv]n. 观点;远景;透视图adj. 透视的227. coordinate [kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt]n. 坐标;同等的人或物vt. 调整;整合adj. 并列的;同等的vi. 协调228. pool [puːl]n. 联营;撞球;水塘;共同资金vt. 合伙经营vi. 联营,合伙经营n. (pool)人名;(英、西)普尔;(芬、德)波尔229. tournament ['tʊənəm(ə)nt]n. 锦标赛,联赛;比赛230. punctuality [,pʌŋktjʊ'ælɪtɪ]n. 严守时间;正确;规矩231. impart [ɪm'pɑːt]vt. 给予(尤指抽象事物),传授;告知,透露232. adulthood ['ædʌlthʊd]n. 成年;成人期233. recollection [,rekə'lekʃ(ə)n]n. 回忆;回忆起的事物234. prickly ['prɪklɪ]adj. 多刺的;刺痛的;易动怒的235. compliment ['kɒmplɪm(ə)nt]n. 恭维;称赞;问候;致意;道贺vt. 恭维;称赞236. team-playing团队精神;通力合作237. stuffy ['stʌfɪ]adj. 闷热的;古板的;不通气的238. concur [kən'kɜː]vi. 同意;一致;互助239. dreamer ['driːmə]n. 梦想家;做梦的人;不切实际的人240. prototype ['prəʊtətaɪp]n. 原型;标准,模范241. outgoing ['aʊtgəʊɪŋ]n. 外出;流出;开支adj. 对人友好的,开朗的;出发的,外出的;即将离职的;乐于助人的v. 超过;优于(outgo的ing形式)242. knowledge ['nɒlɪdʒ]n. 知识,学问;知道,认识;学科n. (knowledge)人名;(南非)诺利奇243. knowledgeable ['nɒlɪdʒəb(ə)l]adj. 知识渊博的,有知识的;有见识的;聪明的244. involved [ɪn'vɒlvd]v. 涉及;使参与;包含(involve的过去式和过去分词)adj. 有关的;卷入的;复杂的245. sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd]adj. 复杂的;精致的;久经世故的;富有经验的v. 使变得世故;使迷惑;篡改(sophisticate的过去分词形式)246. intimacy ['ɪntɪməsɪ]n. 性行为;亲密;亲昵行为;隐私247. forthrightly ['fɔ:θraitli]adv. 直率地;言行坦诚地248. convinced [kən'vɪnst]v. 使确信(convince的过去分词);说服adj. 确信的;深信的249. aspiration [æspə'reɪʃ(ə)n]n. 渴望;抱负;送气;吸气;吸引术250. junior ['dʒuːnɪə]n. 年少者,晚辈;地位较低者;大学三年级学生adj. 年少的;后进的;下级的n. (junior)人名;(英)朱尼尔;(德)尤尼奥尔251. affluent ['æflʊənt]n. 支流;富人adj. 富裕的;丰富的;流畅的252. stockbroker ['stɒkbrəʊkə]n. [金融] 股票经纪人n. (stockbroker)人名;(英)斯托克布鲁克253. top-notch [tap'nɔtʃ]adj. 一流的;拔尖的254. condo ['kɒndəʊ]n. 分户出售公寓大厦(等于condominium)n. (condo)人名;(意)孔多255. carzy []Carzy: 清理系统垃圾|佩儿carzy man: 我恨CARZY LOVE: 尚雯婕256. supermom []Supermom: 超级妈妈|钱韦杉air jordan SUPERMOM - T: 大连小螺号文化传媒有限公司257. petite [pə'tiːt]n. 妇女服装尺码的小号adj. (女子)娇小的,小个子的n. (petite)人名;(法)珀蒂特258. sophomore ['sɒfəmɔː]n. 大学二年级生;(美)有二年经验的人adj. 二年级的;二年级学生的259. emphatically [ɪm'fætɪklɪ]adv. 着重地;强调地;断然地260. self-possessed ['selfpə'zest]adj. 镇静的;冷静的;有自制力的261. validation [,vælɪ'deɪʃən]n. 确认;批准;生效262. quest [kwest]n. 追求;寻找vt. 探索vi. 追求;寻找n. (quest)人名;(德)奎斯特263. strike [straɪk]n. 罢工;打击;殴打vi. 打,打击;罢工;敲,敲击;抓;打动;穿透vt. 打,击;罢工;撞击,冲击;侵袭;打动;到达n. (strike)人名;(英)斯特赖克264. prestigious [pre'stɪdʒəs]adj. 有名望的;享有声望的265. hispanic [hi'spænik]adj. 西班牙的266. personable ['pɜːs(ə)nəb(ə)l]adj. 风度好的;貌美的;具有行为能力的267. quintessentially [,kwinti'senʃəli]adv. 典型地;标准地268. fantasize ['fæntəsaɪz]vi. 幻想vt. 幻想;想像269. deprivation [deprɪ'veɪʃ(ə)n]n. 剥夺;损失;免职;匮乏;贫困270. defer [dɪ'fɜː]vt. 使推迟;使延期vi. 推迟;延期;服从n. (defer)人名;(法)德费271. poignant ['pɒɪnjənt]adj. 尖锐的;辛酸的;深刻的;切中要害的n. (poignant)人名;(法)普瓦尼昂272. seamstress ['siːmstrɪs]n. 女裁缝师;做针线活的妇女273. epitiomize []epitiomize: 象征274. jacuzzi [dʒə'ku:zi]n. 极可意水流按摩浴缸275. mouth [maʊθ]n. 口,嘴;河口vt. 做作地说,装腔作势地说;喃喃地说出vi. 装腔作势说话276. therapeutic [,θerə'pjuːtɪk]n. 治疗剂;治疗学家adj. 治疗的;治疗学的;有益于健康的277. formulate ['fɔːmjʊleɪt]vt. 规划;用公式表示;明确地表达278. koncker []279. carp [kɑːp]n. 鲤鱼vi. 吹毛求疵n. (carp)人名;(罗)卡尔普;(英、葡、瑞典)卡普280. run-in ['rʌnin]n. 试车;插入部分;争论281. avatar ['ævətɑː]n. 电影《阿凡达》282. draft [drɑːft]n. 汇票;草稿;选派;(尤指房间、烟囱、炉子等供暖系统中的)(小股)气流vt. 起草;制定;征募vi. 拟稿;绘样;作草图adj. 初步画出或(写出)的;(设计、草图、提纲或版本)正在起草中的,草拟的;以草稿形式的;草图的283. obsolete ['ɒbsəliːt]n. 废词;陈腐的人adj. 废弃的;老式的vt. 淘汰;废弃284. tangle ['tæŋg(ə)l]n. 纠纷;混乱状态vt. 使纠缠;处于混乱状态vi. 缠结;乱作一团285. wince [wɪns]n. 畏缩;脸部肌肉的抽搐vi. 畏缩,退避n. (wince)人名;(英)温斯286. peer [pɪə]n. 贵族;同等的人vt. 封为贵族;与…同等vi. 凝视,盯着看;窥视n. (peer)人名;(英、巴基)皮尔287. misgiving [mɪs'gɪvɪŋ]n. 担忧;疑虑;不安v. 担忧;使…疑虑;害怕(misgive的ing形式)288. archly ['ɑːtʃlɪ]adv. 狡猾地;顽皮地;主要地;淘气地289. inundate ['ɪnʌndeɪt]vt. 淹没;泛滥;浸水;(洪水般的)扑来290. mediocre [,miːdɪ'əʊkə]adj. 普通的;平凡的;中等的291. grueling ['ɡruəliŋ]n. 惩罚;劳累adj. 累垮人的;折磨人的v. 使极度疲劳;累垮(gruel的ing形式)292. casework ['keɪswɜːk]n. 社会福利机构的调查;生活环境调查293. whiz [hwɪz]n. 飕飕声;奇才vt. 使飕飕作声vi. 飕飕作声294. substantive ['sʌbst(ə)ntɪv]n. 名词性实词;独立存在的实体adj. 有实质的;大量的;真实的;独立存在的295. loathe [ləʊð]vt. 讨厌,厌恶296. pretentious [prɪ'tenʃəs]adj. 自命不凡的;炫耀的;做作的297. rail [reɪl]n. 铁轨;扶手;横杆;围栏vt. 铺铁轨;以横木围栏vi. 抱怨;责骂298. smugnessn. 矫矜;装模做样299. pine [paɪn]n. [林] 松树;凤梨,菠萝adj. 松木的;似松的vt. 为…悲哀;哀悼vi. 渴望,痛苦;憔悴n. (pine)人名;(英)派因300. entrepreneurial [,ɒntrəprə'nɜːrɪəl; -'njʊərɪəl] adj. 企业家的,创业者的;中间商的301. scoff [skɒf]n. 嘲笑;愚弄;笑柄vt. 嘲笑;嘲弄;贪婪地吃vi. 嘲笑;嘲弄;狼吞虎咽302. sanctuary ['sæŋ(k)tjʊərɪ]n. 避难所;至圣所;耶路撒冷的神殿303. snob [snɒb]n. 势利小人,势利眼;假内行304. gumption ['gʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n]n. 进取心;气概;精力305. wildcatter ['waid,kætə]n. 投机份子;有勇无谋的人;盲目开采油井者;冒险性企业的发起人306. buddy ['bʌdɪ]n. 伙伴,好朋友;密友;小男孩vi. 做好朋友,交朋友n. (buddy)人名;(英)巴迪307. toy [tɒɪ]n. 玩具;小装饰品;不值钱的东西adj. 作为玩具的;玩物似的vi. 玩弄;调情;随随便便地对待n. (toy)人名;(英、土)托伊;(法)图瓦308. ole [əul]n. (ole)人名;(英、肯、坦桑)奥利;(丹、挪、瑞典、德、塞、芬)奥勒abbr. 对象链接和嵌入(object linkingand embedding)309. chaw [tʃɔː]n. 一口;咀嚼物;咀嚼vt. 咀嚼vi. 咀嚼310. oblivious [ə'blɪvɪəs]adj. 遗忘的;健忘的;不注意的;不知道的311. unfazed [,ʌn'feɪzd]不苦恼的312. matriarch ['meɪtrɪɑːk]n. 女家长;女统治者;女负责人;受人尊敬的妇女313. teetotaling [tiː'təʊt(ə)l]adj. 完全的,绝对的;绝对戒酒的;滴酒不沾的vi. 绝对戒酒314. squelch [skweltʃ]n. 噪声控制;嘎吱声;压倒对方的反驳;压碎的一堆vi. 嘎吱作响vt. 消除;镇压;压碎;使…咯吱咯吱的响315. congregation [kɒŋgrɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n]n. 集会;集合;圣会316. sobriety [sə'braɪətɪ]n. 清醒,冷静;节制;严肃317. squinty ['skwinti]adj. 有斜视眼的;斜视的318. surly ['sɜːlɪ]adj. 乖戾的;板面孔的,无礼的;阴沉的319. snarl [snɑːl]vt. 搞乱;咆哮着说;使…缠结vi. 咆哮;怒骂;缠结n. 咆哮;怒骂;混乱320. inebriated [ɪ'niːbrɪeɪtɪd]adj. 酒醉的v. 使醉(inebriate的过去分词)321. matron ['meɪtr(ə)n]n. 主妇;保姆;妇女;女舍监322. mastermind ['mɑːstəmaɪnd]n. 优秀策划者;才子vt. 策划323. footloose ['fʊtluːs]adj. 自由自在的,不受束缚的324. feisty ['faɪstɪ]adj. 活跃的;好争吵的;烦躁不安的;坚决而据理力争的325. mull [mʌl]vt. 研磨;思索或思考某事物;使醉n. 混乱;软薄布vi. 深思熟虑n. (mull)人名;(英)马尔326. rif [rif]n. (rif)人名;(法、芬)里夫abbr. 雷达识别装置(radar identification set);精简兵员(reduction in force);记录信息栏(record information field)327. riff [rɪf]n. 反复乐节;即兴重复段n. (riff)人名;(法、葡、匈)里夫328. deftly ['deftli]adv. 熟练地;灵巧地;敏捷地329. jaded ['dʒeɪdɪd]adj. 厌倦的;疲倦不堪的v. 厌倦(jade的过去分词);变得疲倦;精疲力竭330. goofy ['guːfɪ]adj. 傻瓜的,愚笨的331. hearth [hɑːθ]n. 灶台;炉边;炉床;壁炉地面n. (hearth)人名;(英)哈思332. trait [treɪt; treɪ]n. 特性,特点;品质;少许n. (trait)人名;(法)特雷333. headdress ['heddres]n. 头发编梳的式样;饰头巾334. deem [diːm]vt. 认为,视作;相信vi. 认为,持某种看法;作某种评价n. (deem)人名;(英)迪姆335. masculine ['mæskjʊlɪn]n. 男性;阳性,阳性词adj. 男性的;阳性的;男子气概的336. feminine ['femɪnɪn]adj. 女性的;妇女(似)的;阴性的;娇柔的337. aggressive [ə'gresɪv]adj. 侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的338. nurturant ['nətʃərənt]adj. 抚育的;抚养的339. expressive [ɪk'spresɪv; ek-]adj. 表现的;有表现力的;表达…的340. norms [nɔ:ms]n. [标准] 标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式)341. prone [prəʊn]adj. 俯卧的;有…倾向的,易于…的n. (prone)人名;(意、法)普罗内342. dominate ['dɒmɪneɪt]vt. 控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位vi. 占优势;处于支配地位343. harshly ['ha:ʃli]adv. 严厉地;刺耳地;粗糙地344. internalize [ɪn'tɜːn(ə)laɪz]vt. 使(习俗等经吸收同化而)内在化;使藏在心底345. femininity [,femɪ'nɪnɪtɪ]n. 温柔;柔弱性;女子本性346. masculinity [,mæskjʊ'lɪnɪtɪ]n. 男性;男子气;刚毅347. inclination [ɪnklɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n]n. 倾向,爱好;斜坡348. custody ['kʌstədɪ]n. 保管;监护;拘留;抚养权349. innately ['i'neitli]adv. 天赋地;与生俱来的350. consistently [kən'sistəntli]adv. 一贯地;一致地;坚实地351. inhibit [ɪn'hɪbɪt]vt. 抑制;禁止352. nurture ['nɜːtʃə]n. 养育;教养;营养物vt. 养育;鼓励;培植353. genetics [dʒɪ'netɪks]n. 遗传学354. gene [dʒiːn]n. [遗] 基因,遗传因子355. controversy ['kɒntrəvɜːsɪ; kən'trɒvəsɪ]n. 争论;论战;辩论356. specifically [spɪ'sɪfɪkəlɪ]adv. 特别地;明确地357. chromosome ['krəʊməsəʊm]n. [遗][细胞][染料] 染色体(形容词chromosomal,副词chromosomally)358. breast-feed ['brestfi:d]vt. 以母乳抚育;给…喂奶vi. 喂以母奶359. scarce [skeəs]adj. 缺乏的,不足的;稀有的adv. 仅仅;几乎不;几乎没有360. reproduce [riːprə'djuːs]vt. 复制;再生;生殖;使…在脑海中重现vi. 复制;繁殖361. subsistence [səb'sɪst(ə)ns]n. 生活;生存;存在362. speculate ['spekjʊleɪt]vi. 推测;投机;思索vt. 推断363. hormone ['hɔːməʊn]n. [生理] 激素,荷尔蒙364. androgen ['ændrədʒ(ə)n]n. 雄性激素;男性荷尔蒙365. estrogen ['estrədʒən]n. 雌性激素366. embryo ['embrɪəʊ]n. [胚] 胚胎;胚芽;初期adj. 胚胎的;初期的367. prenatal [priː'neɪt(ə)l]adj. 产前的;胎儿期的;[医] 出生以前的368. puberty ['pjuːbətɪ]n. 青春期;开花期369. testosterone [te'stɒstərəʊn]n. [生化] 睾酮,睾丸素(男性荷尔蒙的一种)370. prolactin [prəʊ'læktɪn]n. [生化][生理] 催乳激素;泌乳刺激素371. hermaphrodite [hɜː'mæfrədaɪt]n. [动] 雌雄同体;阴阳人;两性体;[植] 雌雄同株adj. [动] 雌雄同体的372. exposure [ɪk'spəʊʒə; ek-]n. 暴露;曝光;揭露;陈列373. verbal ['vɜːb(ə)l]n. 动词的非谓语形式adj. 口头的;言语的;动词的;照字面的374. evolution [,iːvə'luːʃ(ə)n; 'ev-]n. 演变;进化论;进展375. oriented ['ɔːrɪentɪd]v. 调整;使朝向(orient的过去分词);确定…的方位adj. 导向的;定向的;以…为方向的376. sensitivity [sensɪ'tɪvɪtɪ]n. 敏感;敏感性;过敏377. adaptive [ə'dæptɪv]adj. 适应的,适合的378. predispose [,priːdɪ'spəʊz]vt. 预先处置;使…偏向于379. chisel ['tʃɪz(ə)l]n. 凿子vt. 雕,刻;凿;欺骗vi. 雕,刻;凿;欺骗380. warrior ['wɒrɪə]n. 战士,勇士;鼓吹战争的人381. sphere [sfɪə]n. 范围;球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围;放入球内;使…成球形382. yam [jæm]n. 薯蓣;甘薯n. (yam)人名;(柬)扬;(东南亚国家华语)炎383. cassava [kə'sɑːvə]n. 木薯(等于cassawa)384. tapioca [,tæpɪ'əʊkə]n. 树薯粉,[食品] 木薯淀粉385. lucrative ['luːkrətɪv]adj. 有利可图的,赚钱的;合算的386. subservient [səb'sɜːvɪənt]adj. 屈从的;奉承的;有用的;有帮助的387. disapproval [dɪsə'pruːvl]n. 不赞成;不喜欢388. prowess ['praʊɪs]n. 英勇;超凡技术;勇猛389. dainty ['deɪntɪ]n. 美味adj. 美味的;讲究的;秀丽的;挑剔的390. bouncing ['baʊnsɪŋ]v. 弹跳(bounce的ing形式)adj. 跳跃的;巨大的;活泼的391. sturdy ['stɜːdɪ]n. 羊晕倒病adj. 坚定的;强健的;健全的n. (sturdy)人名;(英)斯特迪392. toddler ['tɒdlə]n. 学步的小孩;幼童装393. preschooler ['pri:'sku:lə]n. (美)学龄前儿童394. rigid ['rɪdʒɪd]adj. 严格的;僵硬的,死板的;坚硬的;精确的395. socialize ['səuʃəlaiz]vt. 使社会化;使社会主义化;使适应社会生活vi. 交际;参与社交396. comic ['kɒmɪk]n. 连环漫画;喜剧演员;滑稽人物adj. 喜剧的;滑稽的;有趣的397. identifiable [aɪdentɪ'fæɪəb(ə)l]adj. 可辨认的;可认明的;可证明是同一的398. exploitive [ik'splɔitiv]adj. 剥削的;开发资源的399. desperately ['despərətlɪ]adv. 拼命地;绝望地;极度地400. disheartened [dis'ha:tnd]v. 使沮丧;使泄气;使失去勇气(dishearten的过去式和过去分词)adj. 沮丧的;灰心的401. disgraceful [dɪs'greɪsfʊl; -f(ə)l]adj. 不名誉的,可耻的402. transmit [trænz'mɪt; trɑːnz-; -ns-]vt. 传输;传播;发射;传达;遗传vi. 传输;发射信号403. motive ['məʊtɪv]n. 动机,目的;主题adj. 发动的;成为动机的vt. 使产生动机,激起404. denial [dɪ'naɪ(ə)l]n. 否认;拒绝;节制;背弃405. prescribed [pri'skraibd]adj. 规定的406. exclude [ɪk'skluːd; ek-]vt. 排除;排斥;拒绝接纳;逐出407. dysfunctional [dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl] 机能失调的,功能障碍的408. proposition [prɒpə'zɪʃ(ə)n] n. [数] 命题;提议;主题;议题vt. 向…提议;向…求欢。
《研究生英语阅读教程》基础级第三版词汇(1-6)Unit One Efficient ReadingLesson1 Developing Your Reading EfficiencyREADING SELECTION AWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse?1.sizable adj. 相当大的2.Virtually adv. 几乎,差不多3.Constitute v. 形成,等同于4.Aggrandizement n. 扩张,增加5.Predominantly adv. 卓越地,支配地,主要地6.Default n. 疏忽,不履行7.Hegemonic adj. 霸权的8.Benign adj. 有利的9.Dispassionately adv. 平心静气地,不带偏见地10.Verdict n. 判断,裁决11.Straightforward adj. 明确的,清清楚楚的12.Aboriginal adj.土著的;(A-)澳大利亚土著居民的13.Adversely adv. 不利地14.Indigenous adj. 本土的,土生土长的15.Endanger v. 危害adj. 频于灭绝的16.Apparatus n. 组织,机构17.Apartheid n. 种族隔离18.Descent n. 血统,遗传19.Regime n. 政权20.Vernacular adj. 本国语的,方言的21.Invoke v. 引起,造成22.Point up 强调23.Take in 包括24.For good or (for) ill 无论好坏25.By and large 总的来说,大体上26.Die out 死光,绝种y sth. at the door of... 把某事归咎于(某人或某事)28.Leave aside 不谈论,将某一话题搁置一边29.Crystal clear 非常清楚的,显而易见的READING SELECTION BJumble of Conflicting Language Taboos1.jumble n. 混乱、杂乱的一堆2.Taboo n. 禁忌3.Oriental adj. 东方各国的4.Employ v. 用,使用5.Sponsor n. 发起者,主办方,赞助者6.Pejorative adj. 轻蔑的,贬低的7.Offensive adj. 无礼的,不敬的ndmass n. 大片陆地9.Oust v. 取代10.Unabashedly adv. 不脸红地,满不在乎地11.Proclaim v. 正式宣布,宣告12.Ancestry n. 祖先,祖系13.Ethnicity n. 种族特点,种族渊源14.Delicacy n. 精细,微妙15.Minefield n. 危险区,雷区16.Ideological adj. 意识形态的,思想方式的17.Rife adj. 充满的18.Multiracial adj. 多种族的19.Take on 具有,呈现20.At best 至多,充其量21.At worst 在最坏的情况下22.Give way 让路,让位23.Ill advised 没脑筋的,鲁莽的Lesson2 Developing Your Reading FlexibilityREADING SELECTION AYou’ve Got to Find What You Lovemencement n. 毕业典礼,学位授予典礼2.Drop-in n. 没有被邀请的来访或来访者;(在大学里)旁听或旁听生3.Adoption n. 收养4.Relent vi. 怜悯;变温和;变宽厚5.Naively adv. 不老练地;轻信地6.Intuition n.直觉7.Calligraphy n. 书法;笔迹;书法艺术8.Serif n.【印刷】衬线,截线(例如字母H的上下四根短而细的横线)9.Sans-serif 【印刷】无衬线,无截线10.Typeface n. 字体,字样;打字机字体11.Typography n. 凸版印刷术;排印;印刷样式12.Subtle adj. 微妙的;难以捉摸的;细微的13.Proportionally adv. 按比例地;想配合地;适当地14.Font n. 字体,字形15.Destiny n. 命运;天命;天数16.Karma n. 【宗】(佛教和印度教的)梵文“羯磨”的意译,即善恶行为所留下的一种无形的力;缘分,命运,宿缘17.Diverge vi. (道路等)分叉,(意见等)分歧,脱离18.Devastating adj. 毁灭性的19.Entrepreneur n. <法>创业者,企业家(尤指涉及财务风险的)20.Baton n. (田赛)接力棒21.Animate vt. 赋予。
Lession1sizable 相当大的virtually 几乎,差不多constitute 形成,等同与aggrandiszment 扩张,增加predominantly 卓越地,支配地,主要的default 疏忽,不履行hegemonic 霸权的benign 有利的dispassionately 平心静气地,不带偏见地verdict 判断,裁决straightforward 明确的,清清楚楚的aboriginal 土著的adversely 不利地indigenous 本土的,土生土长的endanger 危害endangered 濒于灭绝的apparatus 组织,机构descent 血统,遗传apartheid 种族隔离regime 政权vernacular本国语的,方言的invoke引起,造成point up强调take in包括for good or for ill无论好坏by and large 总的来说,大体上die out 死光,绝种lay sth at the door of 把某事归咎于某人或某事leave aside不谈论,将某一话题搁置一边crystal clear 非常清楚的,显而易见的jumble混乱,杂乱的一堆taboo禁忌oriental东方各国的employ用,使用sponsor发起人,主办者,赞助者pejorative轻蔑的,贬低的landmass大片陆地的offensive无礼的,不敬的oust取代unabashedly不脸红地,满不在乎的proclaim正式宣布,宣告ancestry祖先,祖系ethnicity种族特点,种族渊源delicacy精细,微妙minefield危险区,雷区ideological意识形态的,思想方式的rife充满的multiracial多种族的take on 具有,呈现at best 至多,充其量at worst 在最坏的情况下give way 让路,让位ill advised没脑筋的,鲁莽的lesson2mammoth巨大的vow发誓chronically长期地weigh权衡,考虑scramble匆忙争夺accommodate提供帮助或服务eligible合格的,符合条件的advocate鼓吹者,提倡者proponent支持者prod促使采取行动trench壕沟bewilderment迷惑,昏乱turmoil骚动,混乱lofty极高的mandate命令,规定swamp淹没muster召集,集合squeeze挤压,压力sag下降sparsely稀少的accountable有义务说明的,有责任的deem认为,视为deficient不足的,欠缺的master总的laggard落后者stampede冲动行事,匆忙行事roster名单statute法规rigorous严格的,严肃的profess表示,声称brief布置简要任务,介绍基本情况superintendent监管者,指挥者jolt一份,一剂retrofit翻新改进exodus很多人的离去accelerated加快的,快班的bandwagon流行jump ship 跳槽let alone 更不用说draw lots抽签break out 把资料分类in a row连续wind up with结束bail out放弃一项计划hop onmower割草机self-seteem自重,自尊pane窗玻璃片shatter破成碎片recriminate互相责备yell喊叫beam高兴地微笑grip紧握,抓紧veritable真正的,名副其实的puddle小水潭sponge海绵mop拖把snag阻碍,使船触礁fender防护板bumper汽车保险杠showroom货品陈列室sympathetic表示同情的retrieve取回masculine男性的scrawl潦草的写或画blossom花start in on开始责骂back off放弃原来的主张,打退堂鼓lesson3whup美俚大胜unruffled平静的,镇定的cancas拳击场的地板nasty肮脏的,令人不快的intimidate胁迫in-house内部的jab猛击,猛刺slob肮脏粗鲁的人bully恃强凌弱者boom低沉的声音shiner跌打伤的黑眼圈slap掴,拍mumble咕哝begrudgingly不情愿地darn该死的licking打,鞭打blurt脱口说出某事glib圆滑的,口齿流利的macho男子汉,大丈夫confrontation冲突,对比manifest详细的名单compile搜集,编制liaise建立联系,建立联络关系exasperate激怒,加深愤怒runaround借口,躲闪,拖延exacerbate加重,使恶化come in handy 发现后来很有用pore over仔细研读take a toll on sb使遭受损伤be up发生了什么事page广播呼叫某人dingy阴暗的,肮脏的或褪色的gritty含砂的,被砂覆盖的cramped狭窄的self-insulating自我隔离的domestic佣人raid袭击trigger引发,触发moan报怨peevish坏脾气的disconsolate郁闷的,忧伤的beaver海狸verbal文字的flip翻页hushed安静的sanctuary圣地,神圣的场所dinosaur恐龙reptile爬行动物mammal哺乳动物scrawl潦草地写pediatric儿科的neurosurgery神经外科keep things together维持生计snap off关掉make sth of themselves取得成功dawn on 渐渐为所明白或理解suburban house郊区住宅BBgun一种玩具枪Dawn on被认识到General-education大专教育Lesson4Communal公社的,团体的Cohabitation同居,同居生活Prelude先驱,前奏,序幕Undermine逐渐损坏,削弱,破坏Wedlock结婚生活,婚姻。
Lesson 1√1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives.昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光,在他们的生活中留下了印迹,并永远地改变了他们的生活。
2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,”said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.”佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西,那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。
”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。
”3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings.美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家,在这里,人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步,而现在,恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心,惶惶不可终日。
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