信息安全实验十参考答案及翻译

PT Activity: Configure a Network for Secure Operation Addressing TableLearning Objectives∙Secure the routers with strong passwords, password encryption and a login banner.∙Secure the console and VTY lines with passwords.∙Configure local AAA authentication.∙Configure SSH server.∙Configure router for syslog.∙Configure router for NTP.∙Secure the router against login attacks.∙Configure CBAC and ZPF firewalls.∙Secure network switches.IntroductionIn this comprehensive practice activity, you will apply a combination of security measures that were introduced in the course. These measures are listed in the objectives.In the topology, R1 is the edge outer for the Company A while R3 is the edge router for Company B. These networks are interconnected via the R2 router which represents the ISP. You will configure various security features on the routers and switches for Company A and Company B. Not all security features will be configured on R1 and R3.The following preconfigurations have been made:∙Hostnames on all devices∙IP addresses on all devices∙R2 console password: ciscoconpa55∙R2 password on VTY lines: ciscovtypa55∙R2 enable password: ciscoenpa55∙Static routing∙Syslog services on PC-B∙DNS lookup has been disabled∙IP default gateways for all switchesTask 1: Test Connectivity and Verify ConfigurationsStep 1. Verify IP addresses.Verify 核实，查证Step 2. Verify routing tables.Step 3. Test connectivity.（连通性）From PC-A, ping PC-C at IP address 192.168.3.5.Task 2: Secure the RoutersStep 1. Set minimum（最小值） a password length of 10 characters on router R1 and R3.Step 2. Configure（安装） an enable secret password on router R1 and R3.Use an enable secret password of ciscoenpa55.Step 3. Encrypt plaintext passwords.（将明文译成密码）此命令将配置文件中的当前和将来的所有明文密码加密为密文Step 4. Configure the console lines on R1 and R3.Configure a console password of ciscoconpa55 and enable login（进入系统，登陆）. Set the exec-timeout to log（记录） out after 5 minutes of inactivity（静止）. Prevent console messages from interrupting command entry.（进入）Step 5. Configure vty lines on R1.Configure a vty line password of ciscovtypa55 and enable login. Set the exec-timeout to log out after 5 minutes of inactivity. Set the login authentication（认证） to use the default （系统默认值） AAA list to be defined later.Note（注意）: The vty lines on R3 will be configured（配置） for SSH in a later task.（工作）Step 6. Configure login banner（登陆提示banner，旗帜，标语） on R1 and R3. Configure a warning（警告） to unauthorized（非法的） users with a message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner that says: “No Unauthorized Access!”.Task 3: Configure Local Authentication on R1 and R3Step 1. Configure the local user database.（数据库）Create a local user account（账户） of Admin01 with a secret password of Admin01pa55.Privilege（特权）用此用户名登陆的用户访问特权级别为15（详见书29页）Step 2. Enable AAA services.Step 3. Implement（实施，执行） AAA services using the local database.（本地数据库）Create the default login authentication method list using local authentication with no backup （备份）method.（详见p47）Task 4: Configure NTPStep 1. Enable NTP authentication on PC-A.On PC-A, choose the Config tab, and then the NTP button（按钮）. Select On for NTP service. Enable authentication and enter（进入） a Key of 1 and a passwordof ciscontppa55.Step 2. Configure R1 as an NTP Client.（客户）Configure NTP authentication Key 1 with a password of ciscontppa55. Configure R1 to synchronize（同步） with the NTP server and authenticate using Key 1.Step 3. Configure routers to update hardware（硬件） clock.Configure routers to periodically（定期地） update the hardware clock with the time learned from NTP.Task 5: Configure R1 as Syslog ClientStep 1. Configure R1 to timestamp（时间戳） log messages.Configure timestamp service for logging on the routers.Step 2. Configure R1 to log messages to the syslog server.Configure the routers to identify (识别)the remote（远程） host（主机） (syslog server) that will receive（接受） logging messages.You should see a console message similar（相似的） to the following:SYS-6-LOGGINGHOST_STARTSTOP: Logging to host 192.168.1.6 port 514 started - CLI initiatedStep 3. Check（检查） for syslog messages on PC-B.On R1, exit config mode（模式） to generate（使形成） a syslog message. Open the syslog server on PC-B to view the message sent from R1. You should see a message similar to the following on the syslog server:%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleTask 6: Secure Router Against9（反对） Login Attacks（攻击）Step 1. Log unsuccessful login attempts（攻击） to R1.Step 2. Telnet(远程登陆)to R1 from PC-A.Telnet from PC-A to R1 and provide(提供) the username Admin01 andpassword Admin01pa55. The Telnet should be successful.Step 3. Telnet to R1 from PC-A and check syslog messages on the syslog server.Exit from the current Telnet session and Telnet again to R1 using the usernameof baduser and any password. Check the syslog server on PC-B. You should see an error message similar to the following that is generated by the failed login attempt.SEC_LOGIN-4-LOGIN_FAILED:Login failed [user:baduser] [Source:192.168.1.5] [localport:23] [Reason:Invalid login] at 15:01:23 UTC Wed June 17 2009Task 7: Configure SSH on R3Step 1. Configure a domain（域名） name.Configure a domain name of on R3.Step 2. Configure the incoming（引入的） vty lines on R3.Use the local user accounts for mandatory（强制的） login and validation（生效） and accept only SSH connections（连接）.Step 3. Configure RSA encryption（加密） key pair（秘钥对） for R3.Any existing（当前的） RSA key pairs should be erased（清除） on the router. If there are no keys currently（当前） configured a message will be displayed（显示的） indicating （表明，指示） this. Configure the RSA keys with a modulus（系数） of 1024.Step 4. Configure SSH timeouts(超时设定) and authentication parameters.（参数）Set the SSH timeout to 90 seconds, the number of authentication retries（重试次数） to 2, and the version（版本） to 2.Task 8: Configure CBAC on R1Step 1. Configure a named IP ACL.Create an IP ACL named OUT-IN to block （阻止）all traffic originating（起源） from the outside network.Apply （应用）the access list to incoming traffic on interface Serial 0/0/0.Step 2. Confirm that traffic entering（进入） interface Serial 0/0/0 is dropped.From the PC-A command prompt, ping PC-C. The ICMP echo（重复） replies（回答） are blocked（禁止） by the ACL.Step 3. Create an inspection（检查） rule to inspect（检查） ICMP, Telnet and HTTP traffic.Create an inspection rule named IN-OUT-IN to inspect ICMP, Telnet and HTTP traffic.Step 4. Apply the inspect rule to the outside interface.Apply the IN-OUT-IN inspection rule to the interface where traffic exits（出口） to outside networks.Step 5. Test operation（操作） of the inspection rule.From the PC-A command prompt, ping PC-C. The ICMP echo replies should be inspected and allowed through.Task 9: Configure ZPF on R3Step 1. Test connectivity.（连通性）Verify that the internal（内部的） host can access external resources.（使用外部资源）From PC-C, test connectivity with ping and Telnet to R2; all should be successful.From R2 ping to PC-C. The pings should be allowed.Step 2. Create the firewall zones.Create an internal zone named IN-ZONE.Create an external zone named OUT-ZONE.Step 3. Create an ACL that defines（规定） internal traffic.Create an extended（扩展的）, numbered ACL that permits all IP protocols（协议） from the 192.168.3.0/24 source network to any destination.（目的地） Use 101 for the ACL number.Step 4. Create a class map referencing(引用) the internal traffic ACL.Create a class map named IN-NET-CLASS-MAP to match（匹配） ACL 101.（详见p92）Step 5. Specify firewall policies.（指定防火墙策略）Create a policy（策略） map named IN-2-OUT-PMAP to determine（决定） what to do with matched traffic.Specify a class type of inspect and reference class map IN-NET-CLASS-MAP.Specify the action of inspect for this policy mapYou should see the following console message:%No specific protocol configured in class IN-NET-CLASS-MAP for inspection. All protocols will be inspected.”Exit to the global config prompt.（全局配置模式）Step 6. Apply firewall policies.Create a zone pair named IN-2-OUT-ZPAIR. Specify the source and destination zones that were created earlier.Attach（附加） a policy map and actions to the zone pair referencing the policy map previously created, IN-2-OUT-PMAP.Exit to the global config prompt and assign（分配） the internal and external interfaces to the security zones.Step 7. Test firewall functionality.（功能）Verify that the internal host can still access external resources.From PC-C, test connectivity with ping and Telnet to R2; all should be successful.From R2 ping to PC-C. The pings should now be blocked.Task 10: Secure the SwitchesStep 1. Configure an enable secret password on all switches.Use an enable secret password of ciscoenpa55.Step 2. Encrypt plaintext passwords.（将明文译成密码）Step 3. Configure the console lines on all switches.Configure a console password of ciscoconpa55 and enable login. Set the exec-timeout to log out after 5 minutes of inactivity. Prevent console messages from interrupting command entry.Step 4. Configure vty lines on all switches.Configure a vty line password of ciscovtypa55 and enable login. Set the exec-timeout to log out after 5 minutes of inactivity. Set the basic login parameter.Step 5. Secure trunk ports（端口） on S1 and S2.Configure port Fa0/1 on S1 as a trunk port.Configure port Fa0/1 on S2 as a trunk port.Verify that S1 port Fa0/1 is in trunking mode.Set the native VLAN（本征VLAN） on S1 and S2 trunk ports to an unused（不用的）VLAN 99.Set the trunk ports on S1 and S2 so that they do not negotiate（转让） by turning off the generation of DTP frames.（防止DTP数据帧产生）Enable storm（风暴） control for broadcasts on the S1 and S2 trunk ports with a 50 percent rising suppression level.Step 6. Secure access ports.Disable trunking on S1, S2 and S3 access ports.Enable PortFast on S1, S2, and S3 access ports.（详见P127）Enable BPDU guard（监视） on the switch ports previously（先前） configured as access only.Enable basic default port security on all end-user access ports that are in use. Use the sticky（粘连） option. Re-enable each access port to which port security was applied.Disable any ports not being used on each switch.（关闭未使用的端口）Task 11: VerificationStep 1. Test SSH configuration.Attempt to connect to R3 via Telnet from PC-C.From PC-C, enter the command to connect to R3 via Telnet at IP address 192.168.3.1. This connection should fail, since R3 has been configured to accept only SSH connections on the virtual terminal lines.From PC-C, enter the ssh –l Admin01 192.168.3.1 command to connect to R3 via SSH. When prompted for the password, enter the password Admin01pa55 configured for the local administrator.Use the show ip ssh command to see the configured settings.Step 2. Verify timestamps, NTP status for R1 and PC-A.Step 3. Test CBAC firewall on R1.Ping from PC-A to R2 at 10.2.2.2 (should succeed)Telnet from PC-A to R2 10.2.2.2 (should succeed)Ping from R2 to PC-A at 192.168.1.3 (should fail)Step 4. Test ZPF firewall on R3.Ping from PC-C to R2 at 10.2.2.2 (should succeed)Telnet from PC-C to R2 at 10.2.2.2 (should succeed)Ping from R2 to PC-C at 192.168.3.5 (should fail)Telnet from R2 to R3 at 10.2.2.1 (should fail – only SSH is allowed)Step 5. Verify port security.On S2, use the show run command to confirm that S2 has added a sticky MAC address for Fa0/18. This should be the MAC address of PC-B. Record the MAC address for later use.Select PC-B. Go to the Config tab. Select FastEthernet under the Interface section. Edit the MAC address field.This should cause a port security violation and S2 should shut down port Fa0/18.Use the show interface Fa0/18 command to view the status of the port. The port should be in the err-disabled state.On PC-B, go to the Config tab. Select FastEthernet under the Interface section. Change the MAC address to another address.From interface configuration mode on switch S2 for Fa0/18, use the no switchport port-security mac-address sticky address command to remove the original PC-B learned address.Shutdown and then re-enable the Fa0/18 interface.On S2, use the show run command to confirm that the port comes up and that the new MAC address has been learned.Note: If it is desired to reconnect the PC with the original MAC address, you can simply change the MAC address on the PC back to the original one and issue the shutdown and no shut down commands on port Fa0/18. If the PC or a NIC is being replaced and will have a new MAC address, you must first remove the old learned address.Step 6. Check results.Your completion percentage should be 100%. Click Check Results to see feedback and verification of which required components have been completed.All contents are Copyright © 1992–2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.。