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外文出处：资料1：Virtual instrument based on serial(用外文写)communication and data acquisition system of management .资料2：LabVIEW serial communication based on Frequency Control Monitoring System附件：资料1：1.翻译译文；2.外文原文。
资料2：1.翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件：资料1翻译译文在自动化控制和智能仪器仪表中, 单片机的应用越来越广泛, 由于单片机的运算功能较差, 往往需要借助计算机系统, 因此单片机和 PC机进行远程通信更具有实际意义, 通信的关键在于互传数据信息。
51系列单片机内部的串行口具有通信的功能,该串行口可以作为通信接口, 利用该串行口与 PC机的串行口 COM 1或COM 2进行串行通信, 将单片机采集的数据传送到 PC机中, 由 PC机的高级语言或数据库语言对数据进行整理及统计等复杂处理就能满足实际的应用需要。
软件设计，初始化后，打开数据通道对上下游信号进行采样，并进行相关运算，求峰值R~，对R.二是否峰值进行判断，以确保正确求出延时r，从而得出正确的流量。
由于一次相关计算所需时间很短，因此，采用计数器控制。
PC机和单片机在进行通信时, 首先分别对各自的串行口进行初始化、确定串行口工作方式、设定波特率、传输数据长度等, 然后才开始数据传输, 这些工作是由软件来完成的, 因此对 PC机和单片机均需设计相应的通信软件。
DOS环境下, 串行通信一般用中断方式来实现,用户对通信端口进行完全控制。
而在 W i ndow s 环境下, 系统禁止应用程序直接对硬件进行操作。
在W indows环境下提供了完备的 AP I应用程序接口函数, 程序员通过这些函数与通信硬件接口。
通信函数是中断驱动的: 发送数据时, 先将其放入缓存区,串口准备好后, 就将其发送出去; 传来的数据迅速申请中断, 使 W i ndow s接收它并将其存入缓冲区, 以供读取。
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==测控技术与仪器科技英语篇一：测控技术与仪器科技英语第四课翻译与课文Unit 4Digital Signal Processing (DSP)Having heard a lot about digital signal processing (DSP) technology , investigate why DSP is preferred to analog circuitry for many types of operations , and discover how to learn enough to design your own DSP system .This article , the first of a series , is an opportunity to take a substantial first step towards finding answers to your question .This series is an introduction to DSP topics from the point of analog system designers seeking additional tools for handing analog signal. Designers reading this series can lean about the possibilities of DSP to deal with analog signals and where to find additional sources of information and assistance.4.1 What Is DSP?In brief, DSPs are processors or microcomputers whose hardware, software, and instruction sets are optimized high-speed numeric processing applications-an essential for processing digital data representing analog signals in real time. What a DSP does is straightforward. When acting as a digital filter, for example, the DSP receives digital values based on samples of a signal, calculates the results of a filter function operating on these values, and provides digital values that represent the filter output; it can also provide system control signals based on properties of these values. The DSP’s high-speed arithmetic and logical hardware is programmed to rapidly execute algorithms modeling the filter transformation.The combination of design elements a arithmetic operators, memory handling, instruction set, parallelism, data addressing that provide this ability forms the key difference between DSPs and other kinds of processors. Understanding the relationship between real-time signal and DSP Calculation speed provides some background on just how special this combination is .The real-time signal comes to the DSP asa train of individualsamples from an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) .To do filtering in real-time, the DSP must complete all the calculations and operations required for processing each samples (usually updating a process involving many previous samples ) before the next sample arrives. To perform high-order filtering of real-world signals having significant frequency content calls for really fast processors.4.2 Why Use a DSP?To get an ideal of the type of calculations of DSP dose and get an ideal of how an analog circuit compares with a DSP system , one could compare the two systems in terms of a filter function. The familiar analog filter uses resistors ,capacitors,inductors ,amplifiers .It can be cheap and easy to assemble ,but difficult to calibrate,modify, and maintain a difficulty that increases exponentially with filter order .For many purposes, one can more easily design ,modify,and depend on filters using a DSP because the filter function on the DSP is software-based, flexible ,and repeatable.Further,to createflexibly adjustable filter s with higher-order response requires only software modifications,with no additional hardware unlike purely analog circuits .An ideal bandpass filter,with the frequency response shown in Fig.4.1,would have the following characteristics:? a response within the passband that is completely flat with zero phase shift? infinite attenuation in the stopband.Useful additions would include:? passband tuning and width control? Stopband rolloff controlAs Fig.4.1 shows, an analog approach using second-order filters would require quite a few staggered high-Q sections; the difficulty of tuning and adjusting it can beimagined.With DSP software ,there are two basic approaches to filter design : finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response(IIR) .The FIR filter's time response to an impulse is thestraightforward weighted sum of the present and a finite number of previousinput samples. Having no feedback,its response to a given sample ends when the sample reaches the "end of the line "(Fig. 4 . 2). An FIR filter's frequency response has no poles, only zeros. The IIR filter , by comparison, is called infinite because it is a recursivefunction:its output is a weighed sum of inputs and outputs. Since itis recursive , its response can continue indefinitely . An IIR filter frequency response has both poles and zeros. .The x(s) are the input samples, y(s) are the output samples, a(s) are input sample weighings, and b(s) are sample weighings. Nis thepresent sample time, and M and N are the number of samples programmed (the filter's order). Note that the arithmetic operations indicatedfor both types are simply sums and products in potentially great number. In fact ,multiply-and-add is the case for many DSP algorithms that represent mathematical operations of great sophistication and complexity.Approximating an ideal filter consists of applying a transferfunction with appropriate coefficients and a high enough order , or number of taps (considering the train of input samples as tappeddelay line). Fig. 4.3shows the response of a 90-tap FIR filter compared with sharp-cutoff Chebyshev filters of various orders. The90-tap example suggests how close the filter can come toapproximating an ideal filter. Within a DSP system, programming a 90-tap FIR filter like the one in Fig. 4.3 is not a difficult task. By comparison, it would no be cost-effective to attempt this level of approximation with a purely analog circuit. Another crucial point in favor of using a DSP to approximate the ideal fillter is long-term stability. With an FIR (or an IIR having sufficientresolution to avoid truncation-error buildup), the programmable DSP achieves the same response,time after time. Purely analog filter responses of high order areless stable with time.Mathematical transform theory and practice are the core requirementfor creating DSP application and understanding their limits. This article series walks through a few signal-analysis and-processing examples to introduce DSP concepts. The series also provides references to texts for further study and identifies software tools that case the development of signal-processing software.4.3 Sampling Real-world SignalsReal-world phenomena are analog the continuously changing energylevels of physical processes like sound, light, heat, electricity, magnetism, A transducer converts these levels into manageableelectrical voltage and current signals, and an ADC sampling frequency, of the ADC is critically important in digital processing processingof real-world signals.This sampling rate is determined by the amount of signal information that is needed for processing the signal adequately for a given application. In order for an ADC to provide enough samples to accurately describe the real-world signal, the sampling rate must beat least twice the highest-frequency component of the analog signal. For example, to accurately describe an audio signal containing frequencies up to 20kHz, the ADC must sample the signal at a minimumof 40kHz. Since arriving signal can easily contain component frequencies above 20kHz (including noise), they must be removedbefore sampling by feeding the signal through a low-pass filter, is intend to remove the frequencies above 20kHz that could corrupt the converted signal.However, the anti-aliasing filter has a finite frequency rolloff, so additional bandwidth must be provided for the filter's transition band. For example, with an inputsignal bandwidth of 20kHz, one might allow 2 to 4kHz of extra bandwidth.Figure 4.4 depicts the filter needed to reject any signals with frequencies above half of a 48kHz sampling rate.Second sample .The time between samples is the time budget for the DSP to preform all processing tasks.For the audio example ,a 48kHz sample rate corresponds to a 20.833vs sampling interval. Fig.4.5 relates the the analog signal and digital sample rate .图Next consider the relation between the speed of the DSP andcomplexity of the algorithm (the software containing the transform or other set of numeric operations ).Complex algorithm require more processing tasks.Because the time between samples is fixed ,thehigher complexity calls for faster processing .For example ,suppose that the algorithm requires 50 processing operations to be performed。
测控技术与仪器专业毕业设计外文翻译Development of Sensor New TechnologySensor is one kind component which can transform the physical quantity,chemistry quantity and the biomass into electrical signal. Theoutput signalhas the different forms like the voltage, the electric current, the frequency, thepulse and so on, which can satisfy the signal transmission, processing,recording, and demonstration and control demands. So it is the automaticdetection system and in the automatic control industry .If automatic Technology is used wider, then sensor is more important.Several key words of the sensor:1 Sensor ElementsAlthough there are exception ,most sensor consist of a sensing element and aconversion or control element. For example,diaphragms,bellows,strain tubes andrings, bourdon tubes, and cantilevers are sensing elements which respond to changesin pressure or force and convert these physical quantities into a displacement. Thisdisplacement may then be used to change an electrical parameter such as voltage,resistance, capacitance, or inductance. Such combination of mechanical and electricalelements form electromechanical transducing devices or sensor. Similar combinationcan be made for other energy input such as thermal. Photo, magnetic andchemical,giving thermoelectric, photoelectric,electromaanetic, and electrochemicalsensor respectively.2 Sensor SensitivityThe relationship between the measured and the sensor output signal is usuallyobtained by calibration tests and is referred to as the sensor sensitivity K1= output-signal increment / measured increment . In practice, the sensor sensitivity is usuallyknown, and, by measuring the output signal, the input quantity is determined from input= output-signal increment / K1.3 Characteristics of an Ideal SensorThe high sensor should exhibit the following characteristics.(a)high fidelity-the sensor output waveform shape be a faithful reproduction of themeasured; there should be minimum distortion.(b)There should be minimum interference with the quantity being measured; thepresence of the sensor should not alter the measured in any way.(c)Size. The sensor must be capable of being placed exactly where it is needed.文献 (d)There should be a linear relationship between the measured and the sensor signal.(e)The sensor should have minimum sensitivity to external effects, pressure sensor,forexample,are often subjected to external effects such vibration and temperature.(f)The natural frequency of the sensor should be well separated from the frequencyand harmonics of the measurand.Sensors can be divided into the following categories:1 Electrical SensorElectrical sensor exhibit many of the ideal characteristics. In addition they offerhigh sensitivity as well as promoting the possible of remote indication ormesdurement.Electrical sensor can be divided into two distinct groups:(a)variable-control-parameter types,which include:(i)resistance(ii)capacitance(iii)inductance(iv)mutual-inductance typesThese sensor all rely on external excitation voltage for their operation.(b)self-generating types,which include(i)electromagnetic(ii)thermoelectric(iii)photoemissive(iv)piezo-electric typesThese all themselves produce an output voltage in response to the measurand input and their effects are reversible. For example, a piezo-electric sensor normally produces an output voltage in response to the deformation of a crystalline material; however, if an alternating voltage is applied across the material, the sensor exhibits the reversible effect by deforming or vibrating at the frequency of the alternating voltage.2 Resistance SensorResistance sensor may be divided into two groups, as follows:(i)Those which experience a large resistance change, measured by using potential-divider methods. Potentiometers are in this group.(ii)Those which experience a small resistance change, measured by bridge-circuitmethods. Examples of this group include strain gauges and resistance thermometers.文献3 Capacitive SensorThe capacitance can thus made to vary by changing either therelative permittivity, the effective area, or the distance separating the plates. The characteristic curves indicate that variations of area and relative permittivity give a linear relationship only over a small range of spacings. Thus the sensitivity is high for small values of d. Unlike the potentionmeter, the variable-distance capacitive sensor has an infiniteresolution making it most suitable for measuring small increments of displacement orquantities which may be changed to produce a displacement.4 Inductive SensorThe inductance can thus be made to vary by changing the reluctanceof the inductive circuit.Measuring techniques used with capacitive and inductive sensor:(a)A.C. excited bridges using differential capacitors inductors. (b)A.C. potentiometer circuits for dynamic measurements.(c)D.C. circuits to give a voltage proportional to velocity for a capacitor. (d)Frequency-modulation methods, where the change of C or L varies the frequency of an oscillation circuit.Important features of capacitive and inductive sensor are as follows: (i)resolution infinite(ii)accuracy?0.1% of full scale is quoted(iii)displacement ranges 25*10-6 m to 10-3m(iv)rise time less than 50us possibleTypical measurands are displacement, pressure, vibration, sound, and liquid level. 5 Linear Variable-differential Ttransformer6 Piezo-electric Sensor7 Electromagnetic Sensor8 Thermoelectric Sensor9 Photoelectric Cells10 Mechanical Sensor and Sensing ElementsIn information age, the information industry includes information gathering, transmission, process three parts, namely sensor technology, communication, computer technology. Because of ultra large scale integrated circuit’s rapid development aft er having been developed Modern computertechnology and communication, not only requests sensor precision reliability,文献speed of response and gain information content request more and more high but also requests its cost to be inexpensive. The obvioustraditional sensor is eliminated gradually because of the function, the characteristic, the volume, the cost and so on. As world develop many countries are speeding up to the sensor new technology’s research and the development, and all has obtainedthe enormous breakthrough. Now the sensor new technology development mainly has following several aspects:Using the physical phenomenon, the chemical reaction, the biological effect as the sensor principle therefore the researches which discovered the new phenomenon and the new effect are the sensor technological improving ways .it is important studies to developed new sensor’s the foundation. JapaneseSharp Corporation uses the superconductivity technology to develop successfully the high temperature superconductivity magnetic sensor and get the sensor technology significant breakthrough. Its sensitivity is so high and only inferior in the superconductivity quantum interference component. Itsmanufacture craft is far simpler than the superconductivity quantum interference component. May use in magnetism image formation technology. So it has the widespread promoted value.Using the immune body and the antigen meets one another compound when the electrode surface. It can cause the electrode potential change and use this phenomenon to be possible to generate the immunity sensor. The immunity sensor makes with this kind of immune body may to some organism in whether has this kind of ant original work inspection. Likemay inspect somebody with the hepatitis virus immune body whether contracts the hepatitis, plays to is fast, the accurate role. The US UC sixth branch has developed this kind of sensor.The sensor material is the important foundation for sensor technology, because the materials science is progressive and the people may make each kind of new sensor For example making the temperature sensor with the high polymer thin film; The optical fiber can make the pressure, the current capacity, the temperature, the displacement and so on the many kinds of sensors; Making the pressure transmitter with the ceramics. The high polymer can become the proportion adsorption and the release hydrogen along with the environment relative humidity size. The high polymer electricity lies between文献the constant to be small, the hydrogen can enhance the polymer the coefficient of dialectical loss. Making the capacitor the high polymer dielectric medium, determines the electric capacity cape city the change, then obtains the relative humidity. Making the plasma using this principle to gather the legitimate polystyrene film temperature sensor below, it has the characteristic.Measured the wet scope is wide; The temperature range is wide, may reach -400 ? ~ +1,500 ?; The speed of response is quick, is smaller than 1S; Thesize is small, may use in the small space measuring wet; The temperature coefficient is small.The ceramic electric capacity type pressure transmitter is one kind does not have the intermediary fluid the dry type pressure transmitter. Uses the advanced ceramic technology, the heavy film electronic technology, its technical performance is stable, the year drifting quantity is smaller than 0.1%F.S, warm floats is smaller than ?0.15%/10K, anti- overloads strongly,may reach the measuring range several hundred times. The surveyscope may from 0 to 60mpa.German E+H Corporation and the American Kahlo Corporation product is at the leading position.The optical fiber application is send the material significant breakthrough, its uses in most early the optical communication techniques. In the optical communication use discovered works as environmental condition change and so on the temperature, pres-sure, electric field, magnetic field, causes the fiber optic transmissionlight wave intensity, the phase, the frequency, changeand so on the polarization condition, the survey light wave quantity change, may know causes these light wave physical quantity the and so on quantitative change temperature, pressure ,electric field, magneticfield size, uses these principles to be possible to develop the optical fiber sensor. The optical fiber sensor and the traditional sensor compare has many characteristics: Sensitivity high, the structure simple, the volume small, anti- corrosive, the electric insulation good, thepath of rays may be curving, be advantageous for the realization telemeter and so on. Optical fiber sensor Japan is in the advanced level.Like Idec Izumi Corporation and Sun x Corporation. The optical fiber send receiver and the integrated path of rays technology unify, accelerates the optical fiber sensor technology文献development. Will integrate the path of ray’s component to replace theoriginal optics part and the passive light component; enable the optical fiber sensor to have the high band width, the low signal processing voltage, the reliability high, the cost will be low.In semiconductor technology processing method oxygenation, the photo etc hang, the proliferation, the deposition, the plane electron craft, various guides corrosion and steams plates, the sputtering thin film and so on, these have all introduced to the sensor manufacture. Thus has produced each kind of new sensor, like makes the silicon micro sensor using the semiconductor technology, makes the fast response using the thin film craft the gas to be sensitive, the wet sensitive sensor, the use sputtering thin film craft system pressure transmitter and so on..The Japanese horizontal river company uses various guides’corrosiontechnology to carry on the high accuracy three dimensional processing; the system helps the silicon resonance type pressure transmitter. The core partially presses two resonant Liang by thefeeling which above the silicon diaphragm and the silicon diaphragm manufactures to form, two resonant Liang's frequency difference correspondence different pressure, measures the pressure with thefrequency difference method, may eliminate the error which factor and so on ambient temperature brings. When ambient temperature change, two resonant Liang frequencies and the amplitude variation are same, after two frequency differences, its same change quantity can counterbalance mutually. It’s survey most high accuracy may reach 0.01%FS.American Silicon Microstructure Inc.(SMI) the company develops a series of low ends, linear in 0.1% to 0.In 65% scope silicon micro pressure transmitter, the lowest full measuring range is 0.15psi (1KPa), it makes take the silicon as the material, has the unique three dimensional structure, the light slight machine-finishing, makes the wheat stone bridge many times with the etching on the silicon diaphragm, when above silicon chip stress, it has the distortion, the resistance produces presses the anti- effect but to lose the bridge balance, the output and the pressure becomes the proportion theelectrical signal.Such silicon micro sensor is the front technology which now the sensor develops, Its essential feature is the sensitive unit volume is a micron文献magnitude, Is the traditional sensor several dozens, several 1%. In aspect and so on industry control, aerospace domain, biomedicine has the vital role, like on the airplane the use may reduce the airplane weight, reduces the energy. Another characteristic is can be sensitiveis small surveyed, may make the blood pressure pressure transmitter.The Chinese aviation main corporation Beijing observation andcontrol technical research institute, the development CYJ series splashes thanks the membrane pressure transmitter is uses the ion sputtering craft to process the metal strain gauge, it has over come the nonmetallic strain gauge easily the temperature influence insufficiency, has the high stability, is suitable in each kind of situation, is measured the medium scope widely, but also overcame the tradition lowly to glue the precision which the type brought, sluggish big, shortcoming and so on slow change, had the precision high, the re-liability is high, the volume small characteristic, widely used in domain and so on aviation, petroleum, chemical industry, medical service.Integrates the sensor the superiority is the traditional sensor is unable to achieve, it is a simple sensor not merely, it in at the same time the auxiliary circuit part and send the part will integrate on together the chip, will cause it to have the calibration, to compensate, from the diagnosis and the network correspondence function, it might reduce the cost, the gain in yield, this kind of blood pressure sensor which American LUCAS, NOVASENSORCorporation will develop, each week will be able to produce 10,000.The intellectualized sensor is one kind of belt microprocessor sensor, is achievement which the microcomputer and the sensor unifies,it has at the same time the examination, the judgment and the information processing function, compares with the traditional sensor has very many characteristics:Has the judgment and the information processing function, can carry on the revision, the error to the observed value compensates, thus enhancement measuring accuracy; May realize the multi-sensor multi parameters survey; Has from the diagnosis and from the calibration function, enhances the reliability; The survey data may deposit and withdraw, easy to operate; Has the data communication interface, can and the microcomputer direct communication.文献 The sensor, the signal adjustment electric circuit, the monolithic integrated circuit integration forms ultra large-scale integrated on a chip the senior intelligence sensor. American HONY WELL Corporation ST-3000intelligence sensor, the chip size only then has 3×4×2mm3, usesthesemiconductor craft, makes CPU, EPROM, the static pressure, the differential pressure, the temperature on the identical chip and so on three kind of sensitive units.The intellectualized sensor research and the development, US is at the leading position. American Space Agency when development spaceship called this kind of sensor for the clever sensor (Smart Sensor), on the spaceship this kind of sensor is extremely important. Our country inthis aspect research and development also very backward mainly is because our country semiconductor integrated circuit technological level is limited.The sensor’s development is changing day after day since especially the80's humanities have entered into the high industrialization the information age, sensor techno-logy to renewal, higher technological development. US, Japan and so on developed country sensor technological development quickest, our country because the foundation is weak, the sensor technology compares with these developed countries has the big disparity. Therefore, we should enlarge to the sensor engineering research, the development investment, causes our country sensor technology and the foreign disparity reduces, promotes our country instrument measuring appliance industry and from the technical development.,Jon ——From《Sensor Technology Handbook》Wilson,Newnes文献传感器新技术的发展传感器是一种能将物理量、化学量、生物量等转换成电信号的器件。
第五章课后A random erroris due to acontrolled，large number of independent small effects that cannothe identified orit is a statistical quantity. As such，iteach replication of the observations. If a large number of readings iswill vary for the same quantity.the scatter of the data about a mean value can be evaluated.The scatter generally follows a guassian distribution about a mean value.whichis assumed to be the true value.Accuracy is the deviation of the output from the calibration input or the true value. If the accuracy of a voltmeter is 2% full scale as described in the preceding section·the maximum deviation i、士2units for all readings.一个随机误差是由于控制,大量的独立影响小,不能他发现或这是一个统计量。
因此,它每个复制的观察。
如果大量的读数是同样数量的不同而不同。
散射的数据值可以评估。
散高斯分布通常遵循关于意味着value.which被认为是真正的价值。
准确性是偏差的输出的输入或真正的校准价值。
如果把电压表的准确性2%全面描述在前面的部分·最大偏差我,士2units所有阅读资料。
Electronic scalesElectronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used in various occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of strong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight of the signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy to implement digital, easy-to-computer network, production automation, higher labor productivity. Scale labels in the supermarket is in the application of face value. A small label contains: name, price, weight, etc. 11 list in this small electronic label. Greatly accelerated the use of label machine sales pace, but also convenient for customers. Top barcode labels have many remarkable features of scale, Ethernet feature makes the management more convenient.Electronic Scale Classification (scales can be divided into mechanical and electronic type)1．How it works: electronic works in electronic components (weighing sensor, AD conversion circuit, microcontroller circuits, display circuit, keyboard circuitry, communications interface circuits, regulated power supply circuit circuit.2．using the function: electronic weighing the use of modern sensor technology, electronics and computer technology integration,electronic weighing devices, in order to meet and solve real life's "fast, accurate, continuous, automatic" weighing requirements, while effectively eliminating human error, to make it more in line with the management of legal metrology and industrial production process control applications.3. Three health scales are weighing the use of features in a category (divided into mechanical and electronic), inexpensive, it can help people to effectively monitor their own body weight changes, new products also can detect their fat content, but also Somehuman-oriented subsidiary functions. May not be part of measuring equipment.4．Electronic Scale is a measurement of the state compulsory test apparatus, and his qualified products are test indexing the value of D values of e and subdivision standards, is subject to the protection of the national metrology products. In the electronic weighing there is a category called "human scale" products, which can test in the measurement sector, weighing very precise.Block diagram interpretation of the principle of electronic balanceThe first part of the electronic scale principle block diagram:Program K / B (button) ↑ Fx → Sensors → OP Zoom → A / D converter → CPU → → di splay driver display memoryWorkflow Note: When an object on the pan when the pressure facilities to the sensor that occurred deformation, so that resistance to change, while the use of excitation voltage changes, the output of a change in analog signal. This signal amplification by the amplifier output to the ADC. Converted to facilitate the processing of the digital signal output to the CPU operator control. CPU under the keyboard commands and program output to display this result. Until the show such a result.The second part of the scale of the classification: 1. According to principles of points: E-scale mechanical scale mechanical and electrical integration scales 2. According to the functions sub: Counting Scales Weighing Scale Pricing Scale 3. Purpose: Industrial Commercial Scales Special Scales BalanceThe third part of the scale types: 1. The full name of the desktop Scale refers to the volume of less than 30Kg electronic scale 2. The full name of platform scale refers to the volume within the 30-300Kg Electronic Scale 3. Loadometer full name refers to the volume of more than 300Kg Electronic Scale 4. Precision Balance4th Part of the accuracy of classification: I Class: Special scales precision ≥ 1 / 10 Wan II level: high-precision scale 1 / 10000 ≤ precision of "1 / 100,000 III: the accuracy of scale 1 / 1000 ≤ precision of "1 / 10000 Class IV: Common Scale 1 / 100 ≤ precision of" 1 / 1000Part V of professional terminology: 1. Maximum weighing: an electron balance, excluding tare weight, the maximum load can weigh;2. Minimum weigh: a electronic scales below the value that would have occurred when a relatively error;3. safe load: 120% of the normal weighing range;4. Rated load: normal weighing range;5. permissible error: class test when the maximum deviation;6. a sense of quantity: a single electronic scales can show the smallest scale; usually "d" to represent;7. analytic capacity: a function with a count of the electronic scales, can distinguish the smallest scale;8. Resolution: a counting function with an electronic scale, the internal capacity of a Resolution of a parameter;9. Warm-up time: a scale used to achieve the targets of the time; 10. Accuracy: The full name of a sense of volume and volume ratios; 11. electronic scale use of environmental temperature: -10 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius 12. platform scale The table size: 25cm X 30cm 30cm X 40cm 40cm X 50cm 42cm X 52cm 45cm X60cmPart VI electronic scale features: 1. To achieve long-distance operations; 2. To achieve automatic control; 3. Figures show that an intuitive, reduce human error; 4. High accuracy and resolution strong;5. Weighing range is wide; 6 . unique features: buckle weight, withholding weight, zero, accumulated, warning, etc.; 7. maintenance simple; 8. size is small; 9. installation, calibration simple; 10. special industry, can be accessed by the printer or computer-driven; 11.Intelligent electronic scale, quick reaction, high efficiency; Part VII of the electronic scale inspection process: 1. First, the overall examination: whether the wear and tear; 2. Whether the boot: the boot sequence is from 0 to 9 in turn shows that figures are vague, can zero; 3. Whether the backlight ; 4. with the weight tests in weighing; 5. chargers is intact, can use; 6. parts are complete; Part VIII sensor type: 1. Resistive: affordable, high accuracy, widely used; 2. Capacitive: small size, low precision; 3. Maglev-style: special high-precision, high cost; 4. Hydraulic formula: the current the market has been eliminated; Display Type: 1.LCD (liquid crystal display): free electricity, energy-saving, with backlight; 2.LED: free electricity, power consumption, very bright;3. Lamp: electricity, power consumption , high; K / B (button) type: 1. film button: contact type; 2. mechanical buttons: made up of many individual combinations of keys together; sensor characteristics: 1. rated load; 2. output sensitivity; 3. non-linear;4. hysteresis;5. repeatable;6. creep;7. 12:00 output effects;8. rated output temperature;9. 12:00 input; 10. input impedance; 11. output impedance; 12. Insulation Resistance ; 13. to allow excitation voltage; (5-18V)Part IX sensor damaged phenomenon: 1. Weighing not allowed;2. Shows no return to zero;3. Shows the number of bounce to judge the sensor + E,-E, + S,-S 1. The first to use resistance profile measurement 4-line 22 This resistance value, a total of 6 groups. The case of 400-450,compared with Europe + E,-E; if it is 350 in Europe, compared to +S,-S; for the 290 in Europe, compared to R-arm; 2. + E,-E terminated on the + 1.5V voltageSensor correctly to exert a pressure, such as the output + _S increase, then the red table pens as + S, the contrary-S; 10th part of the high-precision counting scale features: 1.Kg/Ib unit conversion functions; 2. 12:00 display range adjustment function (GLH series does not) 3. Sampling speed adjustment function; 4. There are 10 groups memory function singlet; 5. may be at the same time the weight, quantity, the cumulative function (GLH only the number of cumulative) 6. can set the weight, the maximum amount of warning function; 7. automatic zero tracking, temperature linear correction; 8. deduction of withholding heavy weight and function; 9. Standby function; 10. there is zero shows zero tracking range and scope; 11. there is the battery voltage control to limit the function; Electronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used in various occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of strong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight of the signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy to implement digital, easy-to-computer networking, process automation of production and improve laborproductivity. Electronic Scale also has an automatic zero tracking, overload display of self-extinguishing characteristics.Mechanical scales, floor scale / land in the value (car value), weigh-bridges and other fitted force-sensitive sensors and microcomputer-controlled intelligent weighing instruments become intelligent digital electrical and mechanical balance (or the mechanical and electrical dual-use scales), to improve the mechanical balance of the measurement accuracy, with low cost, high reliability, simple installation and so on, without prejudice to the original mechanical scales to any transmission bearing structure. There are peeled, set to zero, the cumulative number of times, the cumulative weight (cumulative amount of valuation-based), auto-zeroing, auto-tracking and other functions. Weighing data can be directly printed or transmitted via computer networks, industrial processes can improve the level of scale and product quality, trade clearing with the scale can improve the credibility of incalculable social and economic benefits.Electronic Scale is basically a sensor, amplifier circuit, A / D conversion circuit, microcontroller control of display parts, switch matrix circuit, the keyboard circuit and power circuit. Weight sensor signals are converted to a corresponding electrical signal, after amplified into the A / D converted into pulses weight, through the SCM under the control of the analog voltage signals into digital. Thedigital conversion by the SCM program in line with the actual weight of the value of sending the number of display windows.MCU at the same time the keyboard and switch matrix for monitoring. According to the input parameter values, the program handled accordingly. Power circuit to provide the various parts of the operating voltage. Microprocessors such as 8050, HD404418F, 8031, etc. CPU. Highly versatile motherboard, different values of range and sub-degree scales, just adjust the jumpers on the motherboard and the DIP switch can be achieved, the only difference is that the sensor used with a rated carrying capacitySensor is a physical device or biological organ that can detect and feel the outside of the signal, physical condition (such as light, heat, humidity) or chemical composition (such as smoke), and Discovery of information to other devices or organs. Definition of sensorNational standard GB7665-87 sensor is defined as: "can feel the requirements are measured and converted in accordance with the laws of certain signal device or devices available, usually composed of sensitive components and conversion devices." Sensor is a detection device, can feel the information being measured, and can detect sense of information, according to certain laws of transformation into electrical signals, or other forms of information required for output to meet the information transmission, processing, storage, display,recording and control requirements. It is the automatic detection and control of the primary link.The role of sensorPeople in order to obtain information from the outside world must help of sense organs. And rely on people's own sense organs, the study of natural phenomena and laws, and production activities in their functions on far enough. To meet this situation, we need sensors. It can be said sensor is an extension of human senses, also known as electronic features.The arrival of the new technological revolution, the world entered the information age. In the course of the use of information, we must first resolve is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and sensors is to obtain information in the field of natural and production of the main ways and means.In modern industrial production, especially automated production process, the use of various sensors to monitor and control the various parameters of the production process, so that devices work best in the normal state or condition, and to achieve the best quality products. Therefore we can say, without a large number of good sensors, modern production base will be lost.In the basic science research, a more prominent position sensor.The development of modern science and technology into many new areas: for example, thousands of light years to observe the macro level of the vast universe, to observe microscopically small particles cm the world, vertical, to observe the evolution over hundreds of years of celestial bodies , a short response to the s moment. In addition, there was even a matter of deepening understanding, developing new energy, new materials, play an important role in a variety of extreme technology such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, high pressure, ultra-high vacuum, powerful magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic bagging, etc. . Obviously, to obtain a large number of human senses can not directly access the information,Not compatible with sensors is impossible. Many basic scientific research obstacles, first of all to obtain information on the object is difficult, and a new highly sensitive detection mechanism and the emergence of sensors, often lead to breakthroughs in the field. The development of a number of sensors is often a pioneer in the development of marginal subjects.Sensor has already penetrated into, such as industrial production, space development, marine exploration, environmental protection, resource survey, medical diagnostics, biotechnology, and even conservation areas and so most of the pan. It is no exaggeration to say that, from the vast space, the vastness of the ocean, as well as a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every modern project, areinseparable from a variety of sensors.Thus, the sensor technology in economic development, promote the important role of social progress is very clear. Countries in the world attach great importance to the development of this area. I believe in the near future, there will be a leap in sensor technology, to achieve status commensurate with its important new level.Sensor classificationDifferent views can be classified on the sensors: they transform principle (Transducer on the basic physical or chemical effect); their purpose; their output signal types and the production of their materials and processes.Working principle of the sensor can be divided into physical sensors and chemical sensors two categories:Sensor working principle of the classification of physical sensors that physical effects, such as the piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization, polarization, thermal, optical, magnetic and electric effects. Small changes in the amount of the measured signal will be converted into electrical signals.Chemical sensors, including those with chemical adsorption,electrochemical reaction, a causal relationship between the phenomenon of the sensor, the measured signal will be small changes in volume converted to electrical signals.Some sensors can not divided into physics, can not be divided into chemical classes. Most of the physics-based sensor is functioning. Many problems of chemical sensor technology, such as reliability issues, the possibility of mass production, prices, etc., solve such problems, the application of chemical sensors will have tremendous growth.Dynamic characteristicThe so-called dynamic characteristics, is the change in the input sensor, its output characteristics. In practice, the sensor's dynamic characteristics common to certain standards of its response to said input signal. This is because the sensor response to the standard input signal easily obtained by experiment, and its standard input signal response and its response to any input signal exists between the relationship, often the latter that the former can be presumed. The most commonly used standard input signal and sine signal with step two, so the dynamic characteristics of sensors are commonly used in the step response and frequency response to that.电子秤电子秤是称重技术中的一种新型仪表，广泛应用于各种场合。
