动词ING形式语法补充
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1. –ing 形式作状语
作时间状语:Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….)在街上走的时候,我遇到了玛丽。
作原因状语:Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.(= Because I was tired, ….)
作条件状语:Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ….)
作让步状语:Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I live, ….) 尽管他知道我的住处,但从不来看我。
作伴随状语:I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。
作结果状语:It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下的如此大,以至引发了洪灾。
3. 使用- ing形式需注意的几个问题
分词(短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, exp laining why she didn’t want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间, 解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。
(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系, 即explaining的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语my wife 。
)
The train having gone, we had to wait another day.(the train逻辑主语+ having gone 即为独立主格结构)
误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
或Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。
在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。
Opening the drawer,he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.) Coming into the room, he put down his bag. (=He came into the room and put down his bag.)他走进房间,放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.布朗先生刷过牙, 就下楼来吃早饭。
(此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 可能指“边刷牙, 边下楼。
)
分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火,用手去摸,把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知怎样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙。