Lecture 7 文学文体的翻译
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Lecture 3 翻译的标准翻译标准:目前翻译界普遍接受的,也是作为一般翻译学习者必须努力掌握的标准,简而言之是两条:忠实(Faithfulness) 和流畅(Smoothness)。
外语腔是初学翻译者不知不觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当倾向。
翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原文,原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起进入到我们的大脑,于是原文的语言形式被带入译文,造成了译文的外语腔。
The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.【译文】气候变化,他仅稍稍作了一点变通,赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。
翻译标准:忠实和流畅好的译文还必须保持原文的风格包括民族风格、时代风格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格等。
即:译者不能破坏或改变原文的风格,不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。
课堂练习:•She couldn't have come at a better time.•She has been a widow only six months.•I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.•The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.•From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.•As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are -- instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.1. 她来得正是时候。
lecture的意思用法大全lecture的意思n. 演讲,训斥,教训vi. 作演讲vt. 给…作演讲,教训(通常是长篇大论的)变形:过去式: lectured; 现在分词:lecturing; 过去分词:lectured;lecture用法lecture可以用作名词lecture主要指教育性或学术性“演讲”,引申可指“冗长的训斥或谴责”。
lecture是可数名词,其后接介词on或about ,意为“关于…的演讲”“就…做演讲”“因…训斥或谴责某人”。
lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。
说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。
lecture用作名词的用法例句She ran over her notes before giving the lecture.她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。
His lecture covered various aspects of language.他的讲课涉及到语言诸方面的问题。
They could not follow the lecture.他们听不懂这次演讲。
lecture可以用作动词lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。
说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。
lecture也可用作及物动词,意思是“向…讲演,给…讲课”,接名词或代词作宾语。
lecture还可作“责备”“教训”“训斥”解,用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
“因…而受到训斥”可说lecture sb for n./v -ing。
lecture用作动词的用法例句It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.当着整个班级的面被训斥了一顿,真让我感到羞辱。
He lectured to his students on modern writers.他给学生们讲了关于现代作家的一课。
Lecture 5(文学)翻译与风格Style (II)英汉/汉英翻译中正确把握文体风格, 对提高翻译质量十分必要。
←文体可以指不同的体裁,如小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧、新闻、信件、广告等;←也可以指不同的语体,如正式语体和非正式语体,口语体和书面语体;←也可以指不同的语态,如严肃、诙谐、讽刺、幽默等;←还可以指不同的语域,如俚语、行话、方言、口音等。
←五种文体中←前两种是正式文体, 英语词典里的文体标记为fml. (formal),←后两种是非正式文体, 标记为infml. (informal), 具口语特点, 而中间的一种又可称为中←性语体(neutral), 词典里不注文体标记。
←中性语体作为书面语使用时, 往往反映当代英语的通用文风(the language style of general communication), 应用范围最广。
←a. Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon the water, a gentle quivering alone showing that was not complete sleep or if sleep, that is was sleep with dream.←眼前不远,渔舟三五,凝滞不前,樯影映在水上,仿佛睡去,偶尔微见颤动,似又未尝熟睡,恍若惊梦。
←b. Portia: And you must cut this flesh from off his breast. The law allows it, and the court awards it. ←Shylock: Most learned judge! A sentence! Come, prepare!←(Excerpted from: Act IV, The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare)←鲍西娅:你必须从他的胸前割下这磅肉来;法律许可你,法庭判给你。
lecture 翻译基本解释●lecture:讲座,演讲,训诫●/ˈlektʃər/●n. 演讲,讲课,训诫●v. 演讲,讲课,训诫变化形式●n. 复数形式:lectures●v. 第三人称单数:lectures●过去式:lectured●过去分词:lectured●现在分词:lecturing具体用法●●n.:o演讲,讲课o同义词:speech, talk, address, presentation, discourse o反义词:silence, quiet, hush, muteness, stillnesso例句:●The professor gave a lecture on the history of art that lastedfor two hours, and it was both informative and engaging.●教授进行了一个关于艺术史的讲座,持续了两个小时,既有信息量又引人入胜。
●During the lecture, the students took notes diligently, tryingto capture every important detail the lecturer mentioned.●在讲座期间,学生们认真地做笔记,试图记录下讲师提到的每一个重要细节。
●The guest speaker delivered a lecture on climate change,emphasizing the urgent need for global cooperation.●客座演讲者就气候变化进行了演讲,强调了全球合作的紧迫性。
●After the lecture, there was a lively Q&A session wherestudents asked insightful questions.●讲座结束后,有一个活跃的问答环节,学生们提出了有见地的问题。
Lecture One 定语从句[原句]Other government activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitution and laws.[译文]各州都有自己的宪法和法律,承担政府的其他职能。
[原句]Within each state are counties, townships, cities and villages, each of which has its own elective government.[译文]各州下属辖县,镇,市,村,皆有其民选政府。
一.省略法1.One of the features of London is the number of big stores, most of which are to be found inor near the W est End.[译文]伦敦一大特色是大商店多,大多数位于西区及其周边地区。
2.Another feature of London’s shopping life is the chain store, in which prices are low and awide variety of goods are offered.[译文]伦敦购物生活另一特色是连锁店,里面价格低廉,提供各种商品。
3.Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational,which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.[译文]美国报纸和其他国家一样,既有耸人听闻的小报,报道犯罪,色情和小道消息,也有严肃报刊,聚焦实事新闻,分析国际时事。
lectures翻译基本解释●lectures:讲座,演讲,授课●/ˈlektʃərz/●n. 讲座,演讲,授课变化形式●n. 复数形式:lectures具体用法●名词:o意思:讲座,演讲,授课o同义词:talks, presentations, speeches, addresses, seminarso反义词:silence, quiet, hush, muteness, stillnesso例句:●The professor's lectures on quantum physics were soengaging that students from other departments alsoattended. (教授关于量子物理的讲座非常吸引人,以至于其他系的学生也来听。
)●During the lectures, students are encouraged to askquestions to deepen their understanding of the subject. (在讲座期间,鼓励学生提问以加深他们对该主题的理解。
)●The university offers a series of lectures on modern art everysemester, attracting art enthusiasts from all over the city. (大学每学期都会提供一系列关于现代艺术的讲座,吸引了来自全市的艺术爱好者。
)●She delivered a series of lectures on the history of the Englishlanguage, which were well-received by the audience. (她进行了一系列关于英语语言历史的讲座,受到了观众的好评。
)●The guest speaker's lectures on climate change providedvaluable insights into the current environmental challenges.(客座演讲者关于气候变化的讲座提供了对当前环境挑战的宝贵见解。
lecture、literature、literary、liberate、liberal,liberty 易混词
英语中有许多拼读起来很相近的词,例如lecture、literature、literary、liberate、liberal,liberty 等等。
看到很容易搞混,lecture和其它的区别还大一点,意思是演讲,讲稿,可以做动词(verb),也可以是名词(noun);He have to lecture on the stage,although he is afraid of his stammer(口吃)。
Literature 文学、文献、文艺。
总之很“文”。
If a graduate want to press high-level papers, he or her must read a lot of relevant literature.
而literary,是形容词(adjective)文学的,书面的。
例如最近都不怎么赚钱的literary film,文艺片(冯导Only Cloud Knows)。
Liberate 大家都知道是动词解放,释放。
Liberate thoughts,解放思想(这个太重要了),It is considerably important to liberate thoughts.
Liberal 是形容词形式,自由的,开明的,liberal view,当然还有名词形式,liberation。
Liberty就是个名词,自由,Offenders desire liberty。
Parent should not restrain childen’s liberty.。
lecture翻译基本解释●lecture:讲座,演讲,训诫●/ˈlektʃər/●n. 演讲,讲座,训诫●v. 演讲,训诫变化形式●n. 复数形式:lectures●v. 第三人称单数:lectures●过去式:lectured●过去分词:lectured●现在分词:lecturing具体用法●●n.:o演讲,讲座o同义词:speech, talk, presentation, discourse, address o反义词:silence, quiet, hush, muteness, stillnesso例句:●The professor gave a fascinating lecture on the history ofancient Rome, which captivated the entire audience for overan hour.●教授做了一场关于古罗马历史的精彩演讲,吸引了整个观众超过一个小时。
●After attending the lecture on climate change, I felt moreinformed about the environmental challenges we face today.●听完关于气候变化的讲座后,我对我们今天面临的环境挑战有了更多的了解。
●The lecture on quantum physics was so complex that manystudents struggled to keep up with the concepts beingdiscussed.●量子物理的讲座如此复杂,以至于许多学生难以跟上讨论的概念。
●She delivered a lecture on the importance of mental healthawareness, emphasizing the need for open conversations.●她做了一场关于心理健康意识重要性的演讲,强调了开放对话的必要性。