2023年中考英语语法专项复习提纲非谓语动词

专项复习提纲——非谓语动词

定义：

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，包括不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，但可以承担句子的其他成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。

一、 to do 否定式: not to do

1.作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

to do短语作主语时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

常用句式有: ①It takes sb. 时间 to do. ②It+be+adj.(of/for sb.)+to do.

2.作表语:

One's job/task/purpose/dream/wish/plan/ is to do...

Her job is to help people with eye problems.

Our purpose is to teach students rules for eating.

最高级:The most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part.

序数词: The first thing is to clean up your study.

3. 作宾语:

▲+to do做宾语的动词 want hope wish offer fail happen plan learn try forget decide →to . do sth

help agree manage prefer like begin expect need choose promise...

▲如果 to do(宾语)后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语

find/think/believe/make+ it+ adi.. to do

I find it difficult to work with him. Wearing red makes it easier to take action.

▲to do 可与疑问词连用(why 除外)

I wonder what to do with the problem.

4. 作宾语补足语：

▲v+sb.+to do (to do 作宾语补足语)

want wish ask tell order invite need

help advise allow cause force wait for +sb.+to do sth

▲有些动词如 make, let, see, watch, hear等与do连用,但改被动语态时,改为 to do

I often hear him sing in the park.→ He is often heard to sing in the park by me.

5.作定语:

名词/代词+to do, 有以下关系:

①动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend.

注意：to do 为vi时，修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，要加介词

He found a good house, to live in. The child has nothing to worry about.

如果不定式修饰 place 可省略介词 He has no place to live (in).

注意:如果中心词是 adv, 不定式后无介词 Pandas may have nowhere to live.

注意:动宾关系不用被动 The problem. is difficult to work out.

②同位关系(不定式与所修饰的名词是一回事):We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.

③主谓关系:She is always the last (person) to speak at the meeting.

6.作状语:

①表目的:What can we do to improve our study?

②表结果(往往与预期愿望相反的结果)，常放在 only后。

I hurried to the drugstore only to find that all the masks were sold out.

【不定式注意点】 ①“to”是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

lead to. devote;.. to, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to(后接 sth或 doing sth)

What else ishould we pay attention to no improve our English?

该句第一个to是介词，第一个to 则为不定式符号。

②第二个不定式可省略 to(不定式的并列)

He wished to practice color therapy and become a doctor.

二、 doing

1. 主动: Seeing. is believing. 眼见为实。

2. 被动: He came to the party without being invited.

3. doing的句法功能:

①作主语：

Reading aloud is very helpful.

②作宾语：(doing既可作动词宾语，也可作介词宾语)

They haven't finished building the bridge. We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

加 doing作宾语的 verb:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, keep, regret ,consider ,be busy

mind, practice , risk, spend, need, be worth ,dream of ,insist on + doing sth.

prevent/stop sb./sth.(from) keep. sb./sth. from think of succeed. in.

get/be used to look forward to devote... to pay attention to

③作宾语补足语：

See, watch, hear, notice, feel,leave, find, keep, +sb. Doing

Can you hear her singing an the next room}

④作表语: His hobby is painting.

⑤作定语: doing 前置定语 In the following years (in the years that will follow) I'll work harder. doing 后置定语The man talking to Amy(the man who is talking to Amy) is my dad,

⑥作状语：

We throw snowballs at each other. screaming and laughing. 伴随)

Hearing the news he got excited.(时间)

Using your head, you'll find a good way.(条件)

Being poor. he couldn't afford a TV.(原因)

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces (结果)

三、 done

1. 作后置定语 I like the film directed by Jimmy/which is directed by Jimmy.

2. 作宾语补足语: With the work done, they went out to play.

3. 作状语，表被动或完成：

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.(原因)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.(条件)

Seen from the top of the hill. the school looks like a big garden.(时间)

Discussed many times, the problems were solved at last.(既表被动又表完成)

4. 其他结构：(有被动含义)

have sth. done make oneself heard/understood/noticed