中考英语语法一轮复习——代词
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★初中代词★
代词: 代换名词、形容词等词语的词
1.人称代词顺口溜:人称代词有两类,一类主格一类宾;主格代词本领大,一切动作由它发;宾格代词不动脑,介动之后跟着跑。
2.物主代词顺口溜:物主代词不示弱,带着‘白勺’来捣乱;形容词性物主代,抓住名词不放松;最后只剩名词性,海阔天空任它走。
人称代词的用法
1. 人称代词的五种基本形式:
人称 单复数 主 格 宾
格 形容词性
物主代词 名词性
物主代词 反身代词
第一
人称 单 数 I me my mine myself
复 数 we us our ours ourselves
第二
人称 单 数 you you your yours yourself
复 数 you you your yours yourselves
第三
人称 单 数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复 数 they them their theirs themselves
2. 人称代词的基本用法:
1、 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。一般在句首,动词前。
例如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中。在电话用语中常用主格。 例如:When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
I wish to speak to Mary. This is she.
我想和玛丽通话,我就是玛丽。
2、 人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语,在动词或介词后。
例如:Do you know him?(作宾语) 你认识他吗?
Who is knocking at the door?It’s me. (作表语)
是谁在敲门?是我。
说明:单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。
例如: I like English. Me too.
我喜欢英语。我也喜欢。
3、 注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
例如:I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
4、 人称代词并列时的排列顺序
1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
第二人称→第三人称→第一人称
即you and I he/she/it and I you, he/she/it and I
顺口溜:第一人称最谦虚,但若错误责任担,第一人称学当先。
例如:It was I and John that made her angry.
2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
第一人称→第二人称→第三人称
即we and you you and they we, you and they
物主代词的用法
1、 物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据其句法作用,物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词,不可单独使用(如:This is my book. 这是我的书)名词性物主代词可以独立使用,无需后接名词(如:This
book is mine. 这本书是我的)。
2、 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
例如:Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
My name is Jim.
形容词性物主代词
Excuse me, is this your car?
His parents are in England.
They wash their faces every day.
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 名词性物主代词
The life I have is yours.
反身代词的用法
1. 反身代词的单复数形式如下表:
英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。
1、 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些 单数 复数
第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己
第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己
第三人称 himself他自己
herself她自己
itself它自己 themselves
他们自己,她们自己,它们自己 数 人 称 人。
例如:He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2、 作表语。
例如:It doesn't matter.
I'll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3、 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
例如 :I myself washed the clothes. =I washed the clothes myself.(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)
4、 用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。
例如:I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。
I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服
5、 有些动词需要有反身代词:absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave。
例如:We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩的很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
四、指示代词
1. 指示代词列表如下:
单数this that
复数these those
2. 指示代词的用法
⑴ this/these
①近指
This is my pen. These are my books.
②指下文要提到的事 Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
⑵that/those
①远指
That is her bike.
②指前面刚刚提过的事
He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.
3. 打电话时用this 介绍自己,用that询问对方。
This is Mike speaking. 我是迈克。
Who is that? 你是谁?
五、疑问代词
疑问代词 主要用法 例句
who 主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后) Who wants to go with me?
Who are you talking to?
whom who的宾格形式,作宾语 Whom are you talking to? /
To whom are you talking?
whose who的所有格形式,作主语、表语、宾语、定语 Whose book is this?
what/who what询问某人的职业 ---What’s your father?
---He is a worker.
who询问某人的身份、姓名 ---Who is the boy under the tree?
---He is Li Ming.
what/which what指不定数目中的“哪一个,哪一些;什么”,没有一定的范围限定 What would you like?
which“哪一个”,在一定范围Which do you like, spring or
◊考点要求
1. 人称代词填空时的方法(步骤)--四步推断法确定应用形式
第一步:看其后是否有名词,如有则用形容词性物主代词,如无则考虑其余形式;
Where does ____ friend come from?
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
注意:如其后的名词为双宾语中的间接宾语,名词前用宾格。
Mr. Smith teaches us English.
第二步:看其是否代换了名词词组,如是则用名词性物主代词,如不是则考虑其余三个;
This isn’t my pen. _____ is in my pencil case.
A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine
第三步:看其是否在动词前,如在动词前,则用主格,如在动词后,则考虑剩下的两个;
Nancy is mach fatter than _____ am.
A. I B. me C. my D. mys
第四步:如在动词后,应考虑其是否同主语人称一致,如一致则用反身代词,如不一致则用宾格。
Nobody teaches ___ English. She teaches ____.
A. her; her B. herself; herself C. her; herself D. herself; her
2. 几个人称代词连用时的位置关系:几个人称代词同时作某一成分时,应将第二人称放在最前面,而将第一人称放最后。
You , he and I are good friends. These books are for you and me.