制动系统设计手册(NEW)

GD12A电动汽车行车制动系统设计毕业设计说明书姓名：俞翼鸿专业：汽车维修与检测班级：（2)指导老师: 邹章鸣南昌理工学院机械工程系1.。

目录摘要Troduction前言第一章绪论 (6)1。

1 制动系统设计的意义 (6)1。

2 制动系统研究现状 (6)1.3 本次制动系统应达到的目标 (6)1.4 本次制动系统设计要求 (6)第二章制动系统方案论证分析与选择 (7)2.1 制动器形式方案分析 (7)2。

1.1 鼓式制动器 (7)2。

1。

2 盘式制动器 (9)2。

2 制动驱动机构的结构形式选择 (10)2.2.1 简单制动系 (10)2。

2。

2 动力制动系 (10)2。

2。

3 伺服制动系 (11)2。

3 液压分路系统的形式的选择 (11)2.3.1 II型回路 (11)2.3.2 X型回/路 (12)2。

3。

3 其他类型回路 (12)2。

4 液压制动主缸的设计方案 (12)第三章制动系统设计计算 (15)3.1 制动系统主要参数数值 (15)3.1.1 相关主要技术参数 (15)3.1.2 同步附着系数的分析 (15)3.2 制动器有关计算 (16)3.2。

1 确定前后轴制动力矩分配系数β (16)3。

2。

2制动器制动力矩的确定 (16)3.2。

3 后轮制动器的结构参数与摩擦系数的选取 (17)3.2.4 前轮盘式制动器主要参数确定 (18)3。

3 制动器制动因数计算 (19)3.3.1 前轮盘式制动效能因数 (19)3.3。

2 后轮鼓式制动器效能因数 (19)3。

4 制动器主要零部件的结构设计 (20)第四章液压制动驱动机构的设计计算 (22)4。

1 后轮制动轮缸直径与工作容积的设计计算 (22)4.2 前轮盘式制动器液压驱动机构计算 (23)4.3 制动主缸与工作容积设计计算 (24)4.4 制动踏板力与踏板行程 (24)4.4。

1 制动踏板力 (24)4.4.2 制动踏板工作行程 (25)第五章制动性能分析 (26)5.1 制动性能评价指标 (26)5.2 制动距离S (26)5。

目录1、汽车制动系统概述及设计要求 (4)1.1 概述 (4)1.1.1制动系统的组成 (4)1.1.2 制动系统的类型 (4)1.2 设计制动系统时应满足的要求 (5)2、整车性能参数: (6)3、制动器形式的选择 (6)4、鼓式与盘式制动器主要参数的确定 (8)4.1制动鼓内径D (8)4.2摩擦衬片宽度b和包角β (8)4.3摩擦衬片起始角 0 (9)4.4制动器中心到张开力0F作用线的距离e (10)4.5制动蹄支撑点位置坐标a和c (10)4.6摩擦片摩擦系数 (10)4.7制动盘直径D (10)4.8制动盘的厚度h (11)4.9摩擦衬块内外半径的确定 (11)4.10制动衬块工作面积A (11)5、鼓式制动器主要零部件的设计 (12)5.1制动蹄 (12)5.2制动鼓 (12)5.3摩擦衬片 (13)5.4摩擦材料 (14)5.5蹄与鼓之间的间隙自动调整装置 (14)5.6制动支承装置 (16)5.7制动轮缸 (16)5.8张开机构 (16)6、盘式制动器主要零部件设计计算 (17)6.1 滑动钳体 (17)6.2 固定支架 (17)6.3 制动盘 (17)6.4 制动块 (17)6.5同步附着系数的确定 (19)6.6地面对前、后轮的法向反作用力 (19)6.7制动力分配系数的确定β[]4 (20)6.8前、后制动器制动力矩的确定[]4 (20)6.9应急制动和驻车制动所需的制动力矩[]1 (21)6.9.1应急制动 (21)6.9.2驻车制动 (22)6.9.3衬片磨损特性的计算 (23)7、制动驱动机构的设计与计算 (25)7.1 制动驱动机构的形式 (25)7.2 分路系统 (26)7.3 液压制动驱动机构的设计计算 (28)7.3.1 制动轮缸直径的确定 (28)7.3.2 制动主缸直径的确定 (29)7.3.3制动踏板力p F和制动踏板工作行程p S (30)7.3.4真空助力器的设计计算 (31)8、制动性能分析 (31)8.1制动性能评价指标 (31)8.2 制动效能 (31)8.3 制动效能的恒定性 (32)8.4 制动时汽车的方向稳定性 (32)8.5制动器制动力分配曲线分析 (32)8.6制动减速度j和制动距离S (34)参考文献 (35)1、汽车制动系统概述及设计要求1.1 概述使行驶中的汽车减速甚至停车，使下坡行驶的汽车的速度保持稳定，以及使已经停驶的汽车保持不动，这些作用统称为汽车制动。

摘要随着高速公路的不断发展，汽车车速的不断提高，车流密度也不断增大。

现代汽车对制动系的工作可靠性要求日益提高。

因为只有制动性能良好，制动系工作可靠的汽车才能充分发挥出其高速行驶的动力性能并保证行驶的安全性。

由此可见，本次制动系统设计具有实际意义。

对于福田风景轻型客车的制动系统设计，首先制定出制动系统的结构方案，本设计确定采用前盘后鼓式制动器，串联双腔制动主缸，HH型交叉管路布置。

其次计算制动系统的主要设计参数(确定同步附着系数，制动力分配系数，制动器最大制动力矩)，制动器主要参数设计和液压驱动系统的参数计算。

再次利用计算机辅助设计绘制装配图，布置图和零件图。

最终进行制动力分配编程，对设计出的制动系统的各项指标进行评价分析。

通过本次设计的计算结果表明设计出的制动系统是合理的、符合标准的。

其满足结构简单、成本低、工作可靠等要求。

关键词：福田风景轻型客车；制动系统设计；前盘后鼓式制动器；制动主缸AbstractWith the continuous development of highways, the continuous improvement of vehicle speed, traffic density has increased continuously. Hyundai Motor brake on the work of the increasing reliability requirements. Only good braking performance, the braking system of reliable car to give full play to its high-speed driving performance and to ensure that the momentum on security. Evidently, this braking system design of practical significance.For the design of Foton View Light Bus,First developed structure of the braking system, the design determined by pre-and post-drum brakes, dual-chamber tandem brake master cylinders, HH-cross-line layout. This was followed by calculation of the main braking system design parameters (attachment coefficient determined simultaneously, the braking force distribution coefficient, the biggest brake brake torque), the main parameters of design and brake hydraulic drive system parameters. Drawing once again use computer-aided design assembly drawing, layout plans and parts. Final braking force distribution of programming, the design of the braking system of indicators to evaluate the analysis.Through this design calculations designed to show that the braking system is reasonable, in line with standards. To meet its structure is simple, low cost, reliability requirements.Keywords：Foton View Light Bus；Brake System Design；Qianpanhougu brake；Brake master cylinders目录第1章绪论 (1)1.1制动系统工作原理 (1)1.2汽车制动系统的组成 (2)1.3汽车制动系统的类型 (2)1.4 汽车制动系统的功用和要求 (3)1.4.1 汽车制动系统的功用 (3)1.4.2 汽车制动系统的设计要求 (3)第2章制动系统设计方案 (4)2.1 制动器结构形式方案 (4)2.2液压制动管路布置方案 (6)2.3制动主缸的设计方案 (7)2.4制动驱动机构形式方案 (8)2.4.1简单制动系 (9)2.4.2动力制动系 (9)2.4.3伺服制动系 (9)第3章制动系统主要参数确定 (10)3.1 轻型货车主要设计参数 (10)3.2 同步附着系数的确定 (10)3.3 制动器制动力分配系数β的确定 (11)3.4 前后制动器最大制动力矩的确定 (12)3.5 制动器主要参数的确定 (12)3.5.1 制动鼓直径D的确定 (12)3.5.2 制动器主要参数的确定b和包角θ的确定 (13)θ的确定 (13)3.5.3 摩擦衬片起始角3.5.4 制动器中心到张开力作用线距离e的确定 (13)3.5.5 制动蹄支销连线至制动器中心值a的确定 (13)3.5.6 支销中心距c2的确定 (13)3.5.7 摩擦片摩擦系数μ的确定 (13)第4章制动器的设计与计算 (14)4.1 前、后鼓式制动器制动转矩计算 (14)4.1.1 制动蹄的压力中心 (14)4.1.2 制动蹄的效能因数 (14)4.1.3 每一制动器的制动转矩 (15)4.2 制动性能计算 (15)4.2.1 制动减速度j (15)4.2.2 制动距离 (15)第5章制动驱动机构设计 (17)5.1 制动轮缸直径d的确定 (17)d的确定 (17)5.2 制动主缸直径F的确定 (17)5.3 制动踏板力P5.4 制动踏板工作行程的确定 (18)第6章评价分析 (19)6.1 汽车制动性能评价指标 (19)6.2 制动效能 (19)6.3 制动效能的恒定性 (19)6.4 制动时汽车的方向稳定性 (19)6.5 前、后制动器制动力分配 (20)6.5.1 地面对前、后车轮的法向作用力 (20)6.5.2 理想的前、后制动器制动力分配曲线 (21)6.6 制动系统的发展趋势 (22)第7章结论 (26)参考文献 (27)致谢 (28)附录一外文翻译 (29)附录二相关程序 (38)第1章绪论汽车制动系是用于使行驶中的汽车减速或停车，使下坡行驶的汽车的车速保持稳定以及使已停驶的汽车在原地（包括在斜坡上）驻留不动的机构。

SpecificationsTechnical Information*1 : RS, L S *2:GS-R *3:RS*4:LS,GS-Rpage 198page199Anti-lock Brake SystemThe Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)is standard equipment on the LS and GS-R models. It is not available on the RS model.The ABS works by measuring how fast the wheels are turning during braking and comparing their speed.If any wheel is rotating much slower than the others (on the verge of locking up and skidding),the system reduces hydraulic pressure to that wheel's brake caliper. When that wheel's speed matches the other wheels, the system applies normal hydraulic pressure. This can take place several times per second at each wheel. You feel the ABS working as rapid pulsations in the brake pedal.Each wheel has a wheel speed sensor assembly. As the wheel rotates, the sensor sends electrical pulses to the ABS control unit. The pulse frequency varies with the wheel speed.The electrical output of the ABS control unit is connected to the modulator/solenoid unit. During braking, the ABS control unit monitors the pulse frequencies from the four wheels. When the control unit detects a wheel locking up, it energizes the appropriate solenoid in the modulator/solenoid unit. There are three solenoids: one for each front wheel, and one for the rear wheels. The energized solenoid reduces hydraulic pres-sure to one side of a modulatorvalve. This, in turn, reduces hydrau-lic pressure in the brake line going to the affected wheel. When that wheel speeds up because of the re-duced braking effort, the controlunit de-energizes the solenoid. This builds hydraulic pressure on the modulator valve. The pressure in-creases in the hydraulic line to the wheel.For the system to react quickly, the modulator/solenoid unit must have brake fluid under high pressure.This is supplied by an accumulator that is pressurized by an electric pump. A pressure-sensing switch on the accumulator controls this pump.The control unit also contains error detection circuitry. It monitors the operation of the wheel sensors,solenoids, pump, and electronics. If the control unit detects any faults,it shuts off power to the pump motor and solenoids. The light on the instrument panel comes on.The brakes then work like aconventional system without anti-lock capabilities.Technical InformationSupplemental Restraint SystemThe SRS includes the steering wheel airbag assembly, sensors in the dashboard, and a control unit with sensors behind the center console.(All models except the Canadian RS model)The system also has a dashboard-mounted airbag assembly for the passenger.The sensors are decelerometers,set to trigger in a severe frontal impact that generates more force than a 25 mile per hour crash into a parked vehicle of similar size. For the SRS to activate, at least two sensors must trigger. This duplica-tion is to prevent accidental activa-tion.When the control unit receives trigger signals from at least two sensors, it sends voltage to the airbag. The control unit stores this charge in capacitors to insure reliability even if a severe impact damages the car's battery or electrical connections.The electrical charge sent to the airbag assembly ignites its propel-lant, which burns instantaneously.The gas produced by the burning propellant inflates the airbag instantly.The airbag is vented so it stays inflated for only an instant and does not block the driver's vision.Smoke from the burned propellant comes out of the airbag and into the car's interior. This is normal and does not mean there is a fire.The airbag collapses onto the driver's lap.The airbag must be replaced after it is activated. After use, your Acura dealer must check the complete Supplemental Restraint System and replace the airbag assembly.To ensure long-term reliability, the SRS uses gold-plated electrical connections throughout. Exposed components are sealed with epoxy.The control unit monitors the SRS circuitry whenever the ignition is ON (II). If the control unit senses any faults, it turns on the SRS indicator light on the instrument panel. Take the car to your Acura dealer to diagnose and repair the system as soon as possible.The SRS needs no regular mainte-nance other than an inspection by your Acura dealer ten years after manufacture.Technical InformationEmission ControlsThe burning of gasoline in your car's engine produces several by-products. Some of these are carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC).Gasoline evaporating from the tank also produces hydrocarbons. Con-trolling the production of NOx, CO,and HC is important to the environ-ment. Under certain conditions of sunlight and climate, NOx and HC react to form photochemical "smog."Carbon monoxide does not contri-bute to smog creation, but it is a poisonous gas.The Clean Air ActThe United States Clean Air Act*sets standards for automobile emissions. It also requires that automobile manufacturers explain to owners how their emission controls work and what to do to maintain them. This sectionsummarizes how the emission con-trols work. Scheduled maintenance is on page 125.* In Canada, Acura vehicles comply with the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (CMVSS) for Emissions valid at the time they are manufactured.Crankcase Emission Control SystemYour car has a Positive Crankcase Ventilation System. This keeps gasses that build up in the engine's crankcase from going into the atmosphere. The Positive Crank-case Ventilation valve routes them from the crankcase back to the intake manifold. They are then drawn into the engine and burned.Evaporative Emission Control SystemAs gasoline evaporates in the fuel tank, an evaporative emissioncontrol canister filled with charcoal adsorbs the vapor. It is stored in this canister while the engine is off.After the engine is started andwarmed up, the vapor is drawn into the engine and burned during driving.Technical InformationEmission ControlsExhaust Emission Controls The exhaust emission controls include three systems: PGM-FI,Ignition Timing Control and Three Way Catalytic Converter. These three systems work together to control the engine's combustion and minimize the amount of HC,CO, and NOx that comes out the tailpipe. The exhaust emission control systems are separate from the crankcase and evaporative emission control systems.PGM-FI SystemThe PGM-FI System uses sequen-tial multiport fuel injection.It has three subsystems: Air Intake,Engine Control, and Fuel Control.The Engine Control Module (ECM)uses various sensors to determine how much air is going into the engine. It then controls how much fuel to inject under all operating conditions.Ignition Timing Control System This system constantly adjusts the ignition timing, reducing the amount of HC, CO and NOx produced.Three Way Catalytic Converter The three way catalytic converter is in the exhaust system. Through chemical reactions, it converts HC,CO, and NOx in the engine's exhaust to carbon dioxide (CO 2),dinitrogen (N 2), and water vapor.Replacement PartsThe emission control systems are designed and certified to work to-gether in reducing emissions to levels that comply with the Clean Air Act. To make sure the emis-sions remain low, you should use only new genuine Acura replace-ment parts or their equivalent for repairs. Using lower quality parts may increase the emissions from your car.The emissions control systems are covered by warranties separate from the rest of your car. Read your warranty manual for more information.Technical InformationThree Way Catalytic ConverterThe three way catalytic converter contains platinum, palladium and rhodium. These metals serve as catalysts, promoting chemical reactions to convert the exhaust gasses without affecting the metals.The catalytic converter is referred to as a three-way catalyst, since it acts on HC, CO, and NOx. A re-placement unit must be an original Acura part or its equivalent.The three way catalytic converter must operate at a high temperature for the chemical reactions to take place. It can set on fire any com-bustible materials that come near it.Park your car away from high grass, dry leaves, or other flamma-bles.A defective three way catalytic converter contributes to air pollution, and can impair yourengine's performance. Follow these guidelines to protect your car'sthree way catalytic converter.Always use unleaded gasoline.Even a small amount of leaded gasoline can contaminate the catalyst metals, making the three way catalytic converter inef-fective.Keep the engine tuned-up.Have your car diagnosed and repaired if it is misfiring, back-firing, stalling, or otherwise not running properly.Technical InformationTHREE WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER。

汽车底盘部分制动系统的设计开发指南1. 引言
1.1 制动系统的重要性
1.2 本指南的目的和适用范围
2. 制动系统概述
2.1 制动系统的基本原理
2.2 制动系统的主要组成部分
3. 制动系统设计要求
3.1 法规和标准要求
3.2 性能要求
3.3 可靠性和耐久性要求
3.4 制造和维修要求
4. 制动系统设计过程
4.1 概念设计阶段
4.2 详细设计阶段
4.3 原型制造和测试
4.4 设计验证和优化
5. 制动系统关键技术
5.1 制动力分配技术
5.2 制动辅助系统技术
5.3 制动材料和制动盘技术
5.4 制动液压系统技术
6. 制动系统集成和优化
6.1 制动系统与底盘其他系统的集成 6.2 制动系统性能优化
6.3 制动系统噪声和振动优化
7. 制动系统测试和验证
7.1 台架测试
7.2 道路测试
7.3 测试数据分析和评估
8. 制动系统维护和故障诊断
8.1 制动系统维护要求
8.2 故障诊断和排除方法
9. 制动系统未来发展趋势
9.1 电子制动系统
9.2 智能制动系统
9.3 新型制动材料和技术
10. 总结
11. 参考文献。

制动系统的设计规范目录一概述 (1)1.1 制动系统基本介绍 (1)1.2 制动系统的结构简图 (2)二法规要求 (2)2.1 GB12676-1999法规要求 (2)2.2 GB 7258-2012法规要求 (3)三制动动力学 (3)3.1 稳定状态下的加速和制动 (3)3.2 制动系统设计与匹配的总布置设计硬点或输入参数 (5)3.3、理想的前、后制动器制动力分配曲线 (5)3.3.1 基本理论 (5)四计算算例与分析改进方法 (7)4.1 前、后轮制动器制动力矩的确定 (7)4.1.1制动器的制动力矩计算 (7)4.1.2确定车型的制动器制动力矩 (11)4.2 比例阀的设计 (12)4.2.1 举例基本参数 (12)4.2.2 GMZ1的校核 (13)4.2.3 GZM2的校核 (14)4.2.4设计优化曲线 (14)4.3 总泵的校核 (16)4.3.1基本参数 (16)4.3.2基本理论 (17)4.3.3校核结果 (17)一概述制动系是汽车的一个重要的组成部分。

它直接影响汽车的行驶安全性。

为了保证汽车有良好的制动效能，本规范指导汽车的制动性能及制动系结构的设计。

1.1 制动系统基本介绍微型电动货车的行车制动系统采用液压制动系统。

前、后制动器分别为盘式制动器和鼓式制动器，前制动盘为空心通风盘，制动踏板为吊挂式踏板，带真空助力器，制动管路为双回路对角线(X型)布置，采用ABS以防止车辆在紧急制动情况下发生车轮抱死。

驻车制动系统为机械式手动后轮鼓式制动，采用远距离棘轮拉索操纵机构。

1.2 制动系统的结构简图图1 制动系统的结构简1. 真空助力器带制动主缸总成2.制动踏板3.车轮4.轮速传感器5. 制动管路6. 制动轮缸7.ABS控制器二法规要求2.1 GB12676-1999法规要求发动机脱开的0型试验性能要求。

发动机接合的O型试验性能要求2.2 GB 7258-2012法规要求GB 7258-2012法规要求：汽车、无轨电车和四轮农用运输车的行车制动，必须采用双管路或多管路，当部分管路失效时，剩余制动效能仍能保持原规定值的30％以上。

DRIVINGBraking Slow down or stop your vehicle, and keep it from moving when parked.Foot BrakePress the brake pedal to slow down or stop your vehicle from moving.Brake Assist SystemDuring hard or emergency braking, the system increases braking force. The brake pedal may move slightly or make a noise; this is normal. Continue to hold the brake pedal firmly down.Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)During hard or emergency braking, the system rapidly pumps the brakes to prevent wheel lockup and help you maintain steering control. Do not pump the brake pedal, rather continue to hold it firmly down.When ABS activates, you may notice vibrations through the brake pedal or the vehicle body, the brake pedal depressing further than usual, or hear a motor noise from the engine compartment. These are all normal.In normal use, the ABS system will occasionally cause a motor sound from the engine compartment, especially when the engine is first started or after repeated use of the brakes.The ABS may not function correctly if you use an incorrect tire type and size. Electric Parking BrakeApply the electric parking brake as you’re getting ready to step out of the vehicle once your drive is complete.To apply: Pull up the switch. The BRAKE indicator appears in the instrument panel. Hold the switch up for emergency braking while the vehicle is moving.To release: Press the brake pedal and make sure your seat belt is fastened. Press the switch down to release. Or, release by lightly pressing the accelerator pedal (and release the clutch pedal for manual transmission) while the vehicle is in gear.Pull up to apply. Press down to release.DRIVINGAutomatic Brake HoldUse brake hold to make stop-and-go driving easier. It maintains rear brake hold even after the brake pedal is released. Make sure the vehicle is on and your seat belt is fastened when operating this feature.1.Press the BRAKE HOLD button behind the shift lever. The BRAKE HOLD indicator appears in the instrument panel.2.With the shift lever in Drive (D) or Neutral (N), press the brake pedal and come to a complete stop. The HOLD indicator appears, and brake hold is applied. Release the brake pedal.Press the accelerator pedal (or shift into a gear and release the clutch pedal for manual transmission) to cancel brake hold and start moving.To turn off brake hold:Press the brake pedal and press the BRAKE HOLD button again.Automatic brake hold cancels when:•Braking is applied for more than 10 minutes.•The electric parking brake is engaged.•The foot brake is pressed and the shift lever* is moved to Park or Reverse.•The engine stalls (manual transmission).•The driver’s seat belt is unfastened.•The engine is turned off.•There is a problem with the automatic brake hold system.DRIVINGVehicle Stability Assist® (VSA®)Also known as Electronic Stability Control (ESC), VSA helps to stabilize the vehicle during cornering if the vehicle turns more or less than what was intended. It assists in maintaining traction on slippery surfaces by regulating engine output and selectively applying the brakes.Turning VSA On or OffVSA is turned on every time you start the engine, Array even if you previously turned it off. If you turn VSAoff, your vehicle has normal braking and corneringability, but traction control will be less effective.Press and hold the VSA OFF button until youhear a beep to turn VSA on or off. The VSA OFFindicator appears when the system is off.When VSA is off, traction control stopsfunctioning, which may make it easier when tryingto free your vehicle if it is stuck in mud or snow.。

Brake System Design The diagonally-separated dual serv-ice brake system is designed so half the system will still provide braking action if the other half fails.Stopping the car after losing the brake fluid from half the system will require more pedal pressure and pedal travel than normal. Also, the distance required to stop will be longer using only half the brake system. If the brakes fail suddenly, downshift to a lower gear for increased engine braking, and pull off the road as soon as possible.It is dangerous to drive your car with a problem in either the brake electrical or hydraulic system; have your dealer check both systems if you suspect brake trouble.Do not ride the brakes. In other words, don't put your foot on the brake pedal unless you intend to brake. This causes excessive brake wear and can damage, or lead to loss of braking effectiveness through overheating. Your brake lights may also confuse drivers behind you.Driving through deep water may affect the brakes.Check their effectiveness by pressing the brake pedal gently.If the car does not stow down at the normal rate, continue gently applying the brakes, while maintaining a safe speed, until they dry out and normal performance returns.Brake WearBoth front and rear brakes should be inspected for wear at the intervals shown in the Maintenance Schedule on page 80.When the brakes require maintenance, use only genuine Honda replacement parts or their equivalent.Brake Wear Indicators Your car is equipped with audible brake wear indicators. When the brake pads need to be replaced, the wear indicators will make a "screeching" sound or a high pitch chirp.NOTE:Due to some driving habits or climates, brakes may "squeal" when you first apply them or when you have them partially applied; this is normal, and does not indicate excessive wear. The wear indicator makes a "screeching" sound while the brakes are applied.Brakes(cont'd)Brakes (cont'd)Brake FluidCheck the fluid level in the brakereservoir periodically; it should bebetween the MAX and MIN markson the reservoir.If the level is near the MIN mark, addfluid to raise it to the MAX mark. Donot overfill. Use only brake fluidmanufactured to DOT 3 or DOT 4specifications (see reservoir cap)from a sealed container. Follow themanufacturer's instructions printedon the can.NOTE:A low brake fluid level may be an indication of brake pad wear or of brake fluid leakage. You should have your brakes checked if the brake fluid level in the reservoir is low before re-filling it.CAUTION:The arrow on the reservoir cap must be pointing forward after the cap is installed. Make sure the brake warning switch wiring doesn't get caught between the cap and top edge of the reservoir.ANTI-LOCKBRAKE FLUID RESERVOIRAnti-lock Brake Fluid (SE)Check the fluid level in the Anti-lock brake reservoir periodically.To check, drive the car for a few minutes to equalize fluid pressure inthe system.The level should be between theMAX and MIN marks on thereservoir. If the level is near the MINmark, add fluid to raise it to theMAX mark.Do not overfill. Use only brake fluidmanufactured to DOT 3 or DOT 4specifications from a sealed container.Follow the manufacturer's instructions printed on the can.If the level is more than 10 mm (0.4 in) above the MAX mark, it may indicate a malfunction of Anti-lock brake system. Have an authorized Honda dealer check the system as soon as possible.MAXMINClutch Fluid (Manual Transmission)Check the fluid level in the clutch reservoir periodically; it should be between the MAX and MIN marks on the reservoir.If the level is near the MIN mark, add fluid to raise it to the MAX mark. Do not overfill. Use only brake fluid manufactured to DOT 3 or DOT 4specifications from a sealed con-tainer. Follow the manufacturer's in-structions printed on the can.NOTE:A low clutch fluid level may be an indication of clutch fluid leakage.You should have your clutch checked if the clutch fluid level in the reservoir is low.CLUTCH FLUIDRESERVOIRPower Steering The power steering on your car provides easy handling while parking and maneuvering in traffic, without loss of road "feel" at highway speeds. An engine-driven hydraulic pump provides full power assist at low speeds and decreasing assist as the car goes faster.CAUTION:If the power steering system should fail,or if the engine should stall, the car can still be steered. However, much greater effort will be required, particularly in sharp turns at low speed.NOTE:You may feel a slight clunk or knock when turning the wheel with the engine off. This is a normal condition due to the design of the system.Power Steering Fluid Check the power steering fluid level with the engine cold and the car parked on level ground. Make sure the fluid level is between the upper and tower marks on the reservoir. If the level has dropped close to or below the tower mark, check for leaks before adding fluid to the upper mark. Do not overfill.CAUTION:Use only genuine Honda power steering fluid. The use of other fluids such as A.T.F. or other manufacturer's power steering fluid will damage the system.RESERVOIR CAPUPPERLOWERAir and Fuel FiltersAir FilterReplace the air filter every 24 months or 30,000 miles (48,000 km),whichever comes first (more often in extremely dusty conditions).Loosen the attaching bolts, then remove the cover.Remove the air filter and replace it with a new filter. Reinstall the cover and tighten the bolts.Fuel FiltersThe fuel filter is located in the engine compartment, on the right center of the lower dashboard. It should be replaced at 60,000 miles (96,000 km) or 48 months whichever comes first, or any time you suspect contaminated gas may have clogged it.CAUTION:Because the fuel system is under pressure, the filter should be replaced only by a qualified Honda technician.BOLTSSpark plugs should be replaced every 24 months or 30,000 miles (48,000 km), whichever comes first.Recommended spark plugs:ZFR5F-11 (NGK) KJ16CR-L11 (ND)(for all normal driving)ZFR6F-11 (NGK) KJ20CR-L11 (ND)(for hot climates or continuous high speed driving)Keep hands away from the radiator fan. The fan may start automatically without warning and run for up to 15 minutes, even after the engine is turned off.CAUTION:Never use spark plugs with an improper heat range; they will adversely affect engine performance and durability.Replace plugs one at a time, so you don't get the wires mixed up.1. Clean any dirt from around the spark plug base.2. Disconnect the plug cap, then remove and discard the old plug.3. Check the gap of the new spark plug before installation.Plug gap should be:1.1 mm (0.04 in)4. Thread the new spark plug in by hand to prevent cross-threading.5. After the plug seats against the cylinder head, tighten 1/2 turn with a spark plug wrench to compress the washer.6. Reinstall the spark plug cap.CAUTION:The spark plugs must be securely tightened, but not overtightened.A plug that's too loose can get very hot and possibly damage the engine; one that's too tight could damage the threads in the cylinder head.Spark Plugs Thread in by hand.PLUG CAPWiper Blades For maximum visibility, replace worn or cracked wiper blades when you notice they do not wipe the windshield cleanly or smoothly.To Replace Worn-out Blades 1. Detach the blade assembly from the arm by pressing the lock tab in, then pushing the blade toward the base of the arm.2. Firmly grasp the end of the blade rubber and pull until the tabs are free of the metal support.3. Remove the metal retainers from the worn-out blade rubber and put them in a new blade rubber.4. Insert the new blade rubber from the opposite side of the blade tabs and position the tabs in the metal support.5. Reinstall the blade assembly on the wiper arm.Press LockTab inPushMETAL SUPPORTPull outTABSRETAINERS。