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Choosing the Right Tool for the Job:RNAi, TALEN, or CRISPR选择一个恰当的方式：RNAi，TALEN,CRISPR 摘要：研究基因功能最常见的方法是减少或阻断基因的正常表达。
十多年来，RNAi一直是这一领域的王者，它提供了一个奇妙的方法来阻断许多生物的基因的表达。
然而随着新技术的涌现（尤其是CRISPR技术），正逐渐瓦解RNAi在哺乳动物细胞研究中的统治地位。
日新月异的技术发展也给研究者们带来了一个问题，“到底应该在实验中选择那一种技术呢？”这篇文章就是通过比较和对比这些技术而形成的一篇指导性文章。
引言：人类基因组计划测序的成功(Lander et al., 2001) ，给人们提供了关于人类的基本内在作用方式的全新的深入了解，也使得人们向治愈大多数疾病迈进了一大步。
在其完成了的15年多后，生物学家仍在继续致力于把攻坚于大量的基因组序列编码的成千上万的未知功能的基因(Birney et al., 2007)。
基因组测序是一个惊人的挑战，但是，具有广大的前景，而且只是最初的一小步。
最困难的挑战摆在面前：破译3.3亿DNA碱基对隐藏的意义，通过设定成千上万的基因的功能来说明它们是怎样一起作用使我们之所以成为人类的。
这是一个伟大的生物学承诺，但还尚未实现，随着最近新的生物学技术的发展，最大的发现还在后面。
破译基因功能的金标准就是阻断正常的基因表达和研究其产生的表型。
这种功能失活实验从Thomas Morgan发现了基因位于染色体上而且携带导致变异表型的突变基因开始，已经运用了100多年，在此基础上，数代科学家们致力于用基因突变、化学物质、放射线和病毒整合来映射每一个表型到相应的特异突变基因。
这种正向遗传学方法已经被运用了数十年，由于技术上充满了许多挑战（技术上的限制），使得这个过程（试图随机映射和在基因组DNA海洋里的表面上微小病变都）复杂化了。
提问问题英语作文Title: The Art of Asking Questions。
In our journey of seeking knowledge, one of the most crucial skills we develop is the ability to ask questions effectively. Questions serve as the gateway to understanding, enabling us to unravel complexities, challenge assumptions, and delve deeper into various subjects. However, crafting the right questions requires finesse, curiosity, and an understanding of both the topic at hand and the context in which it exists.Firstly, it's essential to comprehend the significance of asking open-ended questions. These types of questions encourage discussion, exploration, and critical thinking. Instead of eliciting a simple "yes" or "no" response, open-ended questions invite individuals to articulate their thoughts, share experiences, and offer insights. For instance, rather than asking, "Did you enjoy the book?" one could inquire, "What aspects of the book resonated with youthe most, and why?" This encourages a more nuanced and enriching conversation.Moreover, the phrasing of questions plays a pivotalrole in facilitating meaningful dialogue. Clarity and specificity are paramount to ensure that the intended message is conveyed accurately. Ambiguous or vaguequestions can lead to confusion and misinterpretation, hindering the exchange of information. By framing questions with precision and clarity, we create a conducive environment for productive communication.Additionally, effective questioning involves active listening. It's not just about posing inquiries but also attentively absorbing the responses. Active listeningfosters empathy, understanding, and rapport, thereby enhancing the quality of interaction. When we genuinely engage with others' perspectives, we broaden our own horizons and deepen our comprehension of diverse viewpoints.Furthermore, adaptability is key when it comes toasking questions. Different situations may necessitatevarying approaches to questioning. Whether conducting an interview, participating in a group discussion, or seeking clarification in a classroom setting, being able to adjust the tone, complexity, and timing of questions is essential. Flexibility enables us to navigate dynamic interactions adeptly and extract valuable insights.Another aspect to consider is the art of follow-up questioning. Building upon initial responses, follow-up questions delve deeper into specific aspects, uncovering layers of understanding. They demonstrate active engagement and a genuine interest in the conversation, fostering a sense of reciprocity and collaboration. By probing further, we unearth hidden nuances and gain a more comprehensive grasp of the subject matter.Moreover, it's crucial to cultivate a mindset of curiosity and humility. The quest for knowledge is an ongoing journey marked by continuous learning and growth. Embracing curiosity encourages us to explore unfamiliar territories, challenge preconceptions, and remain open to new perspectives. Additionally, humility reminds us that nosingle individual possesses all the answers, emphasizing the value of seeking guidance, learning from others, and acknowledging our own limitations.In conclusion, asking questions is both an art and a science—a skill honed through practice, patience, and a genuine thirst for knowledge. By mastering the art of asking questions, we unlock doors to deeper understanding, foster meaningful connections, and embark on a journey of lifelong learning. So, let us approach every inquiry with curiosity, clarity, and compassion, for therein lies the pathway to enlightenment.。
2025年云南省英语高考自测试卷与参考答案一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、数字、AQuestion: What is the exact time for the next train leaving from platform 4?Answer: 10:35 AMExplanation: Listen carefully for the information about the next train and note the specific time given for出发 from platform 4. The announcement states “The next train leaves platform 4 at 10:35 AM.”2、数字、BQuestion: How much is the discount on the winter clothing at the store? Answer: 20%Explanation: Listen out for any discounts being offered at the store. The staff mentions a specific discount rate on winter clothing which is 20%. Listen for the term “vote” which means discount in this context and not to be confused with “vote” as in “to choose.”3、Conversation:M: I heard that John got a full scholarship to Harvard.W: Really? I thought he was going to study at Oxford.Question: What does the woman imply?A) She didn’t know where John was going to study.B) She thinks John should go to Oxford instead.C) She believes John has not decided yet.D) She is surprised that John chose Harvard over Oxford.Answer: DExplanation: The woman expresses surprise by saying she thought John was going to study at Oxford, implying that she finds it unexpected that he chose Harvard instead.4、Conversation:W: Have you finished reading the book for our literature class?M: Not quite, but I’m three-quarters of the way through.Question: What can we conclude about the man?A) He has completed reading the book.B) He has started reading the book but hasn’t finished.C) He hasn’t started reading the book yet.D) He doesn’t need to read the book for the class.Answer: BExplanation: The man states he is “three-quarters of the way t hrough” the book, indicating that he has begun reading it but has not yet completed it.5、What is the total number of students who are interested in playing soccer in the school survey?A. 150B. 180C. 200D. 250Answer: B. 180Explanation: In the school survey, 60% of the students are interested in playing soccer. If there are 300 students in total, then the number of students interested in soccer is 300 x 60% = 180.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1、W: Can I help you, sir? M: Yes, I’d like to book a ticket to London, please. W: When would you like to travel? M: Well, the earlier the better, I think. W: How about the next Sunday? M: Fine. When does the plane take off? W: It leaves at 9 am. M: Okay, I’ll book it.Answer: Question 1 - The man wants to book a ticket to travel on the next Sunday.2、W: David, look at that wonderful dress I bought yesterday! M: It’s beautiful, Mary. Which color did you get? W: The one in this picture. M: Oh, that’s blue. It suits you very well. W: And do you like the design? M: It looks modern. W: Well, we can go to the shop if you want, we can have a look.Answer: Question 2 - The man wants to see the dress in person.Note: The questions are designed based on the provided dialogues. The answers are implied from the context and might not be exact statements from the dialogue but rather inferences that could be drawn from them.3.You will hear a conversation between a student and a professor. Afterlistening, choose the best answer to the question.Question: What is the student asking the professor about?A. The due date for a paper.B. The requirements for the final project.C. The availability of a teaching assistant.D. The schedule for the upcoming class.Answer: BExplanation: The student mentions that they are unsure about the requirements for the final project, which is why they are asking the professor. The professor’s response supports this, indicating the expectations for the final task.4.You will hear part of a lecture about climate change. After listening, choose the best answer to the question.Question: According to the lecture, which of the following is a major impact of climate change on the ocean?A. It increases the salinity of the ocean water.B. It reduces the PH levels of the ocean water.C. It decreases the oxygen content in the ocean water.D. It expands the territorial claims of countries due to melting ice caps.Answer: BExplanation: The lecture mentions that climate change, primarily due to increased carbon emissions, is acidifying the oceans, thus reducing the PHlevels, which is the correct answer. The other options are either inaccurate or not discussed in the lecture.5、Listen to the conversation between two students talking about their study habits. What does the male student say he finds most effective for memorizing vocabulary?A) Writing each word down ten times.B) Using new words in sentences.C) Looking at flashcards.D) Reading the words aloud.【Answer】B) Using new words in sentences.【Explanation】The male student specifically mentions that he finds it more useful to use new vocabulary in sentences rather than just writing them down or looking at flashcards because it helps him understand how the words are used in context.6、In the dialogue, what suggestion does the female student give to the male student regarding improving his reading comprehension?A) Reading more science fiction books.B) Practicing speed reading every day.C) Summarizing the main idea of each paragraph.D) Focusing on understanding every single word.【Answer】C) Summarizing the main idea of each paragraph. 【Explanation】The female student suggests summarizing as a technique to improvereading comprehension because it helps in grasping the overall meaning of the text rather than getting stuck on individual words or details.7.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing a school project. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question.What is the main topic of the school project?A. Environmental conservationB. Historical reenactmentC. Art and designD. Sports eventAnswer: A. Environmental conservationExplanation: The conversation clearly focuses on a project related to environmental conservation, which involves recycling and reducing waste.8.Listen to a short interview with a local chef discussing his new restaurant. Answer the following question.What is the chef’s favorite dish at his new restaurant?A. Italian pastaB. Japanese sushiC. American barbecueD. French cuisineAnswer: C. American barbecueExplanation: The chef explicitly mentions that his favorite dish is the American barbecue, which he has created a special menu for at his new restaurant.9、What are the speakers mainly discussing?1、They are discussing a movie.(Answer: B)2、Explanation: The conversation is focused on a recent movie they watched. The woman mentions enjoying the movie, and the man agrees, discussing a specific scene from the film. Therefore, they are mainly discussing a movie.10、How does the man feel about the movie?1、He thinks it is boring.(Answer: A)2、Explanation: The man uses phrases like “kind of boring” and “thought it was too slow” to describe his feelings about the movie. This indicates he did not enjoy the movie and found it uninteresting.11.You will hear a conversation between two students, tentatively scheduled for October 28th. Listen and answer the following question:Who is planning to attend the meeting?A. The student from China.B. The student from Japan.C. The student from Germany.D. The student from Korea.Answer: DExplanation: In the conversation, the student from Korea says “I will attend the meeting on October 28th,” which directly answers the question.12.Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student regarding an assignment deadline. Then, answer this question:What has the assignment deadline been extended to?A. November 5th.B. November 10th.C. November 15th.D. November 20th.Answer: CExplanation: During the dialogue, the teacher say s, “We have extended the deadline to November 15th,” which indicates the new deadline for the assignment.13、How long is the woman planning to stay in New York?A) From Monday to WednesdayB) From Monday to ThursdayC) From Monday to FridayD) From Tuesday to FridayAnswer: C) From Monday to FridayExplanation: The woman mentions that she is extending her trip until Friday, even though the conference ends on Wednesday.14、What mode of transportation will the woman use to get to New York?A) TrainB) BusC) CarD) PlaneAnswer: D) PlaneExplanation: The woman states that she will be flying to New York and that she got a good deal on the flight tickets.This type of question tests the student’s ability to understand and extract specific information from a conversation. In a real exam setting, students would not have access to the transcript and would need to rely solely on their listening skills.15.Why does the woman want to change her schedule?A)She needs to adjust her work hours.B)She has a new class to attend.C)She wants to catch up on her studies.D)She has a family event to attend.Answer: D) She has a family event to attend.Explanation: In the conversation, the woman mentions that she needs to change her schedule because she has a family event coming up. The other options are not mentioned as reasons for the schedule change.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）第一题Passage:It was a sunny Saturday morning when Sarah and her family arrived at the zoo. They had made a special trip to see the new panda exhibit. Upon entering the zoo, they saw a sign that warned visitors about the importance of conserving wildlife. Sarah’s dad explaine d that pandas were endangered and that protecting their natural habitat was crucial for their survival. As they approached the panda exhibit, they were surprised to see not only the pandas but also numerous educational boards that highlighted interesting facts about these cute and cuddly creatures.Sarah and her brother, Tom, were particularly excited to learn more about pandas. They read that pandas mainly eat bamboo but occasionally supplement their diet with small animals and fruits. They also learned that pandas have a special thumb-like bone that helps them grasp bamboo better. After a quick snack, the family decided to take a walk around the zoo and visit the bird pavilion next. When they returned to the panda exhibit, they noticed a baby panda that was playing in the grass.Questions:1、Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage about pandas?A) They mainly eat bamboo.B) They occasionally eat fruits and small animals.C) They have a special thumb-like bone.D) They often live in groups.2、What did Sarah and her family notice about the panda exhibit after theirsnack?A) The baby panda was playing in the grass.B) The panda’s living area changed.C) There were fewer pandas than before.D) The educational boards were removed.3、What does the sign at the zoo warn visitors about?A) The importance of conserving wildlife.B) The need for better facilities for pandas.C) The history of the zoo.D) The rules for visitors.4、What made Sarah and Tom particularly excited during their visit to the zoo?A) The educational boards.B) Seeing the baby panda.C) Learning about panda behaviors.D) The new exhibit.Answers:1、D) They often live in groups.2、A) The baby panda was playing in the grass.3、A) The importance of conserving wildlife.4、C) Learning about panda behaviors.Second QuestionRead the following passage carefully. Then answer the questions that follow.The following is a brief history of cinema around the world.Section 1: The Brief History of CinemaCinema is a product of the 19th and 20th centuries and has become an integral part of society. The idea to capture and project moving images can be traced back to the 16th century when Campani’s Camera Obscura was patented. However, it was not until the early 1900s when the Lumière brothers, Aug uste and Louis, presented their Cinématographe in France that cinema became widely recognized as a new art form.1、The notion of capturing and projecting moving images originated from the work of:A) The Lumière brothersB) CampaniC) The Lumière brothers’CinématographeD) The Camera ObscuraAnswers1、B) CampaniThird QuestionPassage:In the year 2099, space travel has become as routine as taking a train journey today. The Intergalactic Travel Company (ITC) is one of the pioneers in this new era of exploration. Their latest venture involves the establishment ofholiday resorts on Mars. This endeavor aims to make Mars a popular tourist destination, offering experiences such as zero-gravity skydiving and Martian hiking tours. However, the company also faces significant challenges, including ensuring the safety of tourists and adapting existing technology to the harsh Martian environment.1、What is the main focus of the Intergalactic Travel Company’s new venture?A. To establish a series of research stations on Mars.B. To create holiday resorts on Mars for tourists.C. To develop new technologies for space travel.D. To offer zero-gravity skydiving experiences exclusively.Answer: B.2、According to the passage, what kind of experiences does ITC plan to offer at its Martian resorts?A. Underwater diving and beach relaxation.B. Traditional hiking trails and mountain climbing.C. Zero-gravity skydiving and Martian hiking tours.D. Virtual reality gaming and indoor sports.Answer: C.3、What challenge(s) does the company face with its new venture?A. Attracting enough tourists to Mars.B. Ensuring tourist safety and adapting technology.C. Finding enough staff willing to work on Mars.D. Competing with other intergalactic travel companies.Answer: B.4、Which of the following can be inferred about the current state of space travel at the time described in the passage?A. Space travel is still considered extremely dangerous and experimental.B. Space travel is common and comparable to contemporary train journeys.C. Space travel is only accessible to wealthy individuals and not the general public.D. Space travel is restricted to government officials and scientists.Answer: B.This is a hypothetical scenario designed to test comprehension skills and inference abilities based on the given text. Please note that actual examination questions would be crafted by educational authorities and would adhere to the specific curriculum and standards set for the exam.第四题Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.In the small coastal town of Oceanview, the residents have always cherished their unique community spirit. The town is known for its annual “Oceanview Festival,” a c elebration that brings together people from all walks of life to enjoy music, food, and various cultural activities. This year, however, the festival is facing a significant challenge: a sudden drop in attendance.The festival’s organizers have been trying to figure out why the numberof attendees has decreased. They have gathered data from the past few years and noticed a trend. It seems that the main reason for the decline is the increasing cost of living in the area. Many families are finding it difficult to afford the rising prices of housing, food, and other necessities, which has led to a decrease in disposable income. As a result, people are spending less on leisure activities, including attending the festival.The organizers are now looking for ways to make the festival more affordable and attractive to a wider audience. They have considered several options:1.Offering discounts on festival tickets for students and seniors.2.Partnering with local businesses to provide free or discounted food and drinks.anizing a community-wide fundraising event to help offset the costs for those who cannot afford to attend.The residents of Oceanview are hopeful that these measures will help revitalize the festival and preserve the town’s cherished tradition.Questions:1、What is the main reason for the decline in attendance at the Oceanview Festival?A. Poor weather conditionsB. Rising costs of livingC. Lack of interest in local cultureD. Inadequate marketing efforts2、Which of the following measures is being considered to make the festival more affordable?A. Increasing ticket pricesB. Reducing the number of activitiesC. Offering discounts on festival ticketsD. Eliminating the community-wide fundraising event3、Who is the target audience for the proposed discounts on festival tickets?A. All attendeesB. Only families with low incomesC. Students and seniorsD. Local businesses4、What is the ultimate goal of the festival organizers in implementing these measures?A. To maximize profitB. To attract more touristsC. To revitalize the festival and preserve the town’s traditionD. To reduce the cost of living in OceanviewAnswers:1、B2、C3、C4、C四、阅读第二节（12.5分）Title: The Impact of Technology on Modern SocietyIn recent years, technology has profoundly affected various aspects of our daily lives, from communication to entertainment. One of the most significant changes has been the shift from traditional media to digital media. Unlike old media, digital media offers high flexibility and personalization. It is more accessible with the widespread use of the internet and smartphones. This change has revolutionized how we consume information and communication. Moreover, technology has transformed industries like healthcare, education, and transportation. For example, telemedicine and e-learning platforms have made medical care and education more accessible and convenient for everyone. On the downside, the over-reliance on digital devices can lead to privacy concerns, eye strain, and a decline in face-to-face interactions.Question 41.According to the passage, what is one advantage of digital media over traditional media?A. Higher costB. Poorer accessibilityC. Better personalizationD. Limited flexibilityAnswerC. Better personalizationThe passage directly states: “Unlike old media, digital media offers high flexibility and personalization.” This indicates that one of the advantages of digital media is better personalization compared to traditional media.五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空（15分）五、语言运用第一节完形填空The Story of Two RoomsIt was a strong cold wind outside. Jack was in the library with his friend, Lily. They were studying for their English exam. There were two rooms on the other side of the library. Room A was very warm with a fire burning and fewer trees outside. Room B was much colder, with an old window that leaked Wind, making the temperature drop to 10 degrees. On the teacher’s desk was a list of all the names of the students taking the exam.Both Jack and Lily were very nervous. They knew that the exam was very important. Because of the cold wind, they found it difficult to study. Jack turned to Lily and said, “I don’t want to take an exam here tomorrow. It’s too cold. We can’t concentrating.”Lily agreed with Jack. She s aid, “I think we should talk to the teacher. Maybe he can move us to Room A so we can study in a warmer environment.” Jack nodded and they went to find the teacher.15.What do Jack and Lily want to do at the end of the story?A. Complete their exams in Room A.B. Move to Room B to avoid the cold.C. Ask the teacher to change the room.D. Go to the library alone.Answer: C. Ask the teacher to change the room.六、语言运用第二节 _ 语法填空（15分）Grammar Fill-in-the-BlanksRead the following passage and complete the sentences by choosing the most appropriate words or phrases from the options given.Passage:In the small town of Maplewood, the local library has always been a hub of community activity. Every year, the library hosts a summer reading program for children. The program, which began 15 years ago, has become a beloved tradition. The library staff works tirelessly to organize events, such as storytelling sessions, book clubs, and craft workshops. They even invite local authors to give talks and sign books. This year, the library is celebrating its 15th anniversary with a special event. They plan to have a book sale, a costume party, and a movie night. The community is looking forward to it.Grammar Fill-in-the-Blanks:1.The library staff works tirelessly to organize events, such as ____________.A) storytelling sessionsB) book clubsC) craft workshopsD) local authors2.The program has become a beloved tradition, which ____________.A) started 15 years agoB) has been running for 15 yearsC) will celebrate its 15th anniversaryD) invites local authors to give talks3.They even invite____________to give talks and sign books.A) the library staffB) local authorsC) the community membersD) the children4.This year, the library is celebrating its 15th anniversary with a special event.A) which includesB) that featuresC) so thatD) so5.The community is looking forward to ____________.A) the book saleB) the costume partyC) the movie nightD) all of the aboveAnswers:1.B) book clubs2.B) has been running for 15 years3.B) local authors4.B) that features5.D) all of the above七、写作第一节 _ 应用文写作（15分）Sure! Here’s a section for the English college entrance examination (高考) focusing on “application writing” as part of the writing section. I’ll provide a sample writing prompt, a sample response, and a brief explanation of the structure.Section VII: Writing Part I - Application WritingPrompt:You are to write a letter of application for a part-time job at a local bookstore. The letter should include your reasons for applying, details of your relevant experience, and what you can offer to the store. The letter should be formal and written to the manager, stating your enthusiasm for the job.Sample Response:Letter of Application for Part-time JobDear Mr. Chen,I am writing to apply for the part-time position advertised at your local bookstore. I am highly enthusiastic about pursuing this opportunity and believethat my background and skills make me an ideal candidate for the role.I am currently a student in my sophomore year at Jinan University, majoring in English. During my studies, I have developed a strong appreciation for literature and have read extensively, which I believe will enhance my ability to recommend books and assist customers in choosing the right books for their needs. My previous experience includes working as a volunteer in multiple bookstores, where I had the chance to interact with customers and engage in conversations about various genres of books. This experience has taught me how to resolve customers’ queries and provide them with personalized recommendations.In addition to my love for books, I possess exceptional organizational and communication skills. I previously worked as an intern in a customer service center, where I was responsible for managing customer inquiries, resolving issues, and building positive relationships with clients. These experiences have honed my interpersonal skills and allowed me to adapt to a fast-paced and demanding environment.If given the opportunity to work part-time at your bookstore, I am confident that I can contribute to the success of the store by not only assisting customers but also promoting new products and enhancing customer satisfaction. I am available to start work immediately and would be eager to discuss further details regarding the position.Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunityto serve your bookstore and contribute to its continued success.Yours sincerely,Li HuaExplanation:1.Introduction:The letter is addressed to “Mr.Chen,” introducing the purpose of the letter using a polite opening.2.Body Paragraph 1:This paragraph explains why the writer is interested in the position and how their background (majoring in English) and experience (working as a volunteer in bookstores) make them suitable for the role.3.Body Paragraph 2:Another paragraph discussing relevant work experience (internship in a customer service center) and the skills it has developed.4.Closing Paragraph:A conclusion reit erating the writer’s enthusiasm for the position and availability to start work. It ends with a polite request to discuss further details.5.Personalization:Customization of the letter with personal details, such as name (Li Hua) and university name (Jinan University).This structure and content ensure the letter is formal, concise, and convincing for the intended audience, making it suitable for a part-time jobapplication.八、写作第二节 _ 读后续写（25分）Imagine you are reading a novel set in a future where a new invention has changed the way people travel. The novel is about the adventures of Sarah and her friends who discover a secret underground travel network beneath the city.SMALL CURRENT PASSAGEIn the year 2140, a revolutionary device called ‘SkyWalk’ has been developed. This device uses advanced technology to levitate objects, allowing people to travel secretely through the air without being seen. Sarah, a curious young woman, learns about the existence of SkyWalk during a chance encounter with an elderly man in a park. The man, who calls himself Professor Calloway, reveals that he is the inventor of SkyWalk and that there is a network of underground tunnels that connect various parts of the city. With SkyWalk, one can avoid the crowded streets above and travel directly to their destination.prmpt:You are now reading a new chapter in the novel. Sarah and her friends have just discovered the entrance to an underground tunnel. They are excited and a bit apprehensive. Write a continuation of the story, creating a vivid description of the underground travel experience and how it affects Sarah and her friends.EXAMPLEOnce inside the entrance, Sarah and her friends are greeted by a series of dimly lit corridors leading deeper into the labyrinthine maze of tunnels. The walls are lined with glowing orbs that provide soft, blue light. As they wander through the tunnel, they hear the distant hum of machinery and the occasional rustle of nearby traffic above.Sarah’s heart races with a mix of fear and anticipation. “This is amazing!” she whispers, trying to keep her voice down. Her friends nod in agreement, their eyes wide with wonder.After what feels like hours, they come upon a hidden elevator that descends toward the unseen depths of the city below. They step inside, and the elevator swiftly descends, surrounding them in a cocoon of blackness. The ride is smooth and silent, and suddenly, the elevator stops. The door opens to reveal another set of corridors, but this time, they are teeming with activity.“I can’t believe we’re really doing this,” says Tom, Sarah’s oldest friend. “Traveling beneath the city without a plane or a train… it’s incredible!”As they continue their journey, they pass through various underground levels, each more bustling than the last. Sarah realises that this network is vast, with millions of people likely navigating these tunnels every day.Sarah’s friends eventually reach their destination, a secret underground community of like-minded individuals. They are welcomed warmly and offered refreshments. The experience has left them with a newfound sense of freedom and。
Unit 1Conversation 1Porter: Good afternoon.Janet: Good afternoon.Porter:New student?Janet:Yes.Porter: Welcome to Hertford College.Janet: Thank you.Porter: Can I have your family name, please?Jane t: Yes, it's Li.Porter: Er, L-double E?Janet: No, L-I.Po r te r: And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet:Janet.Porter: Janet Li ... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet: Where's my room?Porter: You're in staircase 6 room 5.Jane t: Who am I sharing with?Porter: Nobody. You have your own room. Er ... there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet:Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory. Porter: Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet: Thank you sir.Porter: No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet: Please call me Janet!Porter: OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate: Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet: Yes!Kate: I guess we’re neighbors. My name’s Kate Santos.Janet: I’m Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate: From New York. How about you?Janet: I’m from Anshan in China.Kate: Is Janet your real name?Janet: No, it’s my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate: No, it’s short for Catherine.Janet: So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate: Everyone calls me Kate.Conversation 3Kate: Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet: Is this where we have all our meals?Kate: I guess.Mark: You just arrived?Girls:Yes!Mark: Me too. By the way, I’m Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate: Hi, I’m Kate.Mark: Hi, Kate, I guess you’re from the States.Kate: Right. How can you tell? You’re British, huh?Mark: Yes, I’m from London. And you are …?Janet: I’m Li Hui. I’m from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark: Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading?Janet: English.Mark: How about you, Kate?Kate: My major is law. And you?Mark: I’m studying PPE.Kate: That’s a special Oxford subject, isn’t it?Unit 2Conversation 1Kate: Oh, this looks nice.Mark: Cool.Waitress: Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark: Let's have a look at the menu.Mark: Thank you.Janet: Thank you.Waitress: The specials are on the board.Kate: So, what sorts of food do you like, Janet?Janet: Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark: Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet: What's in it?Mark: Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet: I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark: Usually one dish per person.Kate: Or the moussaka looks good.Janet: What's it made with?Kate: It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet: How is it cooked?Kate: It's baked in the oven.Janet: Mm, that sounds good too.Kate: And as a starter?Janet: What's minestrone soup?Mark: It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet: OK, I'll have that.Kate: Waitress?Waitress: What can I get for you?Kate: Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?Mark: I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress: OK.Mark: Thank you.Waitress: Thanks.Janet: What's chilli con carne?Mark: It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation 2Janet: That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water. Kate: Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet: Any suggestions?Kate: Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet: No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ...What's a chocolate brownie?Mark: It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet: How is it made?Kate: It's made with flour, eggs and butter...Mark: And lots of chocolate!Kate: You'll love it.Janet: What kind of ice cream is there?Kate: I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavor ice cream do you have?Waitress: Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet: I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark: And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate: Same for me.Mark: Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress: Sure.Unit 3Conversation 1Mark: Hi, what're you doing?Janet: Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper. Mark: Let's have a look then.Janet: Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it.Do you want to have a go?Mark: OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet: Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark: Yea.Janet: OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark: True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet: You're right; exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: That sounds about right. True?Janet: No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory. Mark: Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet: Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark: That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet: Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve. Mark: I'm not sure ... True?Janet: Actually, it's false.Mark: Oh!Janet: Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark: I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet: True, it says here.Mark: Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet: Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate: You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet: Well ... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate: You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet: It's not the amount of work, but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate: You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet: Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate: You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet: Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate: What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet: Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate: Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do. Janet: I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate: Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Yourtask is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet: OK.Kate: Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question! Janet: Why do you say that?Kate: That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet: Can you give an example of some research?Kate: Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Unit 4Conversation 1Kate: Oh, I must make a quick call. ...Jacky: Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate: Hello, can I speak to Abbie, please?Jacky: I'll see if she's in, can you hold on?Kate: Sure. ...Jacky: Hello? She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message — er ... or I can ask her to call you back?Kate: Could you ask her to call me back?Jacky: Sure. Who's calling?Kate: Kate Santos.Jacky: Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number?Kate: Yes, she does.Jacky: I'll tell her you called.Kate: Thanks.Janet: Abbie? I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't she?Kate: Yes, how do you know her?Janet: She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well. Kate: Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested in people — she's a very good listener. She should be, she works for Nightline.Janet: Nightline?Kate: Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet: What is it? I've never heard of it.Kate: Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet: So...Kate: It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'm training to be one of the people they can call to talk to.Janet: You mean, you're a volunteer?Kate: Yes.Janet: Oh, that's great, KateConversation 2Abbie: Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate: Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie: Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment. How's things?Kate: Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the next training session.Abbie: Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment. There's someone at the door. ...Abbie: Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back later?Kate: Sure. What time?Abbie: Is three o'clock OK?Kate: Three's fine.Abbie: OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate: Bye.Abbie: Bye....Kate: Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet: You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student.Kate: Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works. Janet: Oh, I see.Kate: It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills.Janet: Listening skills? What do you mean, listening skills?Kate: Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you're listening. It's very important.Janet: I've never thought about that before.Kate: Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet: So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not the exact same words.Kate: Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you show them you're really listening.Janet: So they know you've really heard them.Kate: Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi ... how's it going?Unit 5Conversation 1Kate: Hi, Becky, how's it going?Becky: Good!Mark: Guys, look, can you help me with a problem?Janet: Yes, of course.Mark: The thing is, there's this girl I really like called Jenny Sparks. She's a Fresher, really stunning, reads history. I know her name because someone pointed her out to me, but I've never actually spoken to her. Do either of you know her?Kate: No.Janet: No, I don't know her. Mark, how can you like her if you haven't met her? Kate: It's because she's absolutely gorgeous, Janet.Mark: That's right! I want to ask her out, but first I've got to meet her. Got any suggestions?Becky: Guys! You want to order?Mark: Sorry.Kate: Three cappuccinos?Becky: Sure.Janet: Do you know anyone who knows her? You could ask them to introduce you. Mark: No, I don't, that's the problem.Kate: Are you matchmaking, Janet?Janet: What's matchmaking?Kate: Making introductions between people who might like each other. We don't do that here. How about just walking up to her and saying Hi? Why don't you do that? Mark: No.Kate: Why not?Mark: I'm not usually shy, but — she's so ... you know ...!Janet: Oh, Mark!Kate: Just believe in yourself, Mark. You're a great guy!Janet: I understand Mark completely.Kate: Well, it's the only way he's going to get to talk to her.Mark: OK, I'll give it a try.Becky: Solved the Jenny problem yet?Girls: Thank you.Janet: You'll be fine. Mark. She'll like him, won't she, Becky?Becky: Of course she will!Conversation 2Mark: Hey, guess what, guys, I've got a date with Jenny.Kate: You did it, you asked her out?Janet: When are you seeing her?Mark: Saturday. We're going to The Eagle and Child.Janet: Sounds great.Mark: Yeah! The thing is, I'm a bit nervous.Janet: Are you?Mark: Yes, I'm afraid I'll make a fool of myself. I could do with some more advice. Kate: Any ideas?Janet: Um ... I'm thinking.Kate: Well ... One thing is ... if you're nervous, it's easy to talk too much, so remember not to do that.Mark: Good point. I'll remember that.Janet: You should make her feel special. Show her you're really interested in her. Mark: I am really interested in her.Janet: Well, you should show her you are.Mark: That'll be easy! What else?Kate: It's a good idea to look good.Mark: That's pretty obvious!Kate: I mean clean clothes, Mark!Mark: Oh ... thanks, Kate! Any more advice?Kate: Yes, the most important thing is, just be yourself.Becky: How's it going, Mark?Kate: He's worried this girl won't like him.Becky: She'll love you! Ready to order?Unit 6Conversation 1Janet: So, are you looking for anything in particular?Mark: Maybe a T-shirt or a polo shirt.Janet: We could go into the covered market and have a look at the shops in there. Kate: And what about you?Janet: I need some cosmetics from the Body Shop on Corn market Street.Kate: And I'm looking for something to wear to Jenny's party tonight. But nothing too expensive. Anyway, look, let's go in here.Assistant: Can I help you?Kate: We're just looking.Mark: What do you think of this one?Kate: Hmm, it's OK, but I'm not sure green suits you. Do they have it in other colors?Janet: What size do you take?Mark: Medium, I guess. Oh, here's a nice polo shirt. I like the color. It's a bit small, though.Janet: Do they have it in a larger size?Mark: Yes, here we go. That's great.Janet: How much is it?Mark: Twelve pounds. That's not too bad. I'll buy it.Mark: I'll have this, please.Assistant: That'll be 12 pounds please. ... Thank you. ... And here's your shirt, and here's your receipt.Mark: Thanks.Mark: Look, I've really got to go. I'll see you at the party tonight.Kate: OK.Janet:Bye.Conversation 2Janet: OK, Kate. Now it is time to find something for you. What about this dress?Kate: Hey, that's lovely.Janet: Would you like to try it on?Kate: Yes, OK. Where are the changing rooms?Assistant: Just behind you.Kate: Thank you. ... What do you think?Janet: Well, it really suits you, but ...Kate: ... it's a bit big. Excuse me, do you have this in a smaller size?Assistant: What size do you take?Kate: Size 8, I think.Assistant: No, I'm afraid we don't. That's the last one.Kate: No, it doesn't really fit. OK, I'll leave it.Janet: Actually, I really like it.Kate: Why don't you try it on, then?Janet: OK. ... What do you think?Kate: Perfect. It really suits you.Janet: It's a bit expensive.Kate: Go on! You deserve it!Janet: OK, I'll have it. But I don't have enough cash. ... Can I pay by credit card? Assistant: Sure.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Please enter your PIN. ... And here's your receipt.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Thanks a lot.Kate: That was painless, wasn't it? But I still don't have a dress for the party. Let's try somewhere else.Assistant: Bye.Girls: Bye.Unit 7Conversation 1Janet: What time are your parents arriving?Kate: Eleven. Oh no, it's 10.30! I must clean up my room, it's a mess.Janet: Would you like me to give you a hand?Kate: Oh, yes, that would be great! ...Janet: So, what are they like, your parents?Kate: They're great. They're very different. Mum's pretty sociable — she's real funny. Dad isn't as sociable — he's kind of quiet — he reads a lot and he likes spending time alone. He's a lot more chilled than Mum.Janet: They do sound quite different.Kate: Yes. Mum — she tends to worry a lot, whereas Dad's quite ... easygoing. He's good at listening, you can tell him anything. Um ... could you put those over there? Janet: Sure. So who are you most like?Kate: You tell me!Janet: Hmm, you've got a bit of both of them, I think.Kate: Yes, I think so, too. I'm sociable, like Mum —Janet: You're very sociable!Kate: Yes, but I like to spend time alone.Janet: I don't think you worry a lot, do you?Kate: No, I'm like Dad in that way.Kate: Oh, look at the time, I must go. I'm meeting them outside the Lodge.Conversation 2Julia: This is great. It's just like I pictured it. Look at that, isn't it beautiful?Rob: Wow, Kate, honey! I love your school!Kate: No, Dad, I'm not at Law School, I'm at university!Rob: OK, honey. It's Oxford, England — I know! ...Rob: Listen, honey, Granddad had a fall just before we left.Kate: Oh, no!Rob: It's OK. He broke his arm but they don't think it's serious.Julia: I don't know, when old people break something, it can be very serious. Rob: I think he'll be fine!Kate: Tell me all about it. What exactly happened?Rob: He fell down the steps in the backyard.Kate: Oh, poor Granddad! So go on!Rob: He was taken to the hospital by ambulance ... they kept him there for several hours, didn't they, Julia? But they let him go home.Julia: I feel awful that we can't be with him.Rob: Julia, I spoke to Granddad as soon as we landed and he said the doctors aren't worried.Kate: What else did he say?Rob: He said his arm doesn't hurt him.Kate: Oh, good! So he'll be OK, right? There's no real concern?Rob: No, I told you, honey, there's no need to worry. ... Just look at that! What a great place!Kate: Yes, isn't it wonderful?Rob: Come on, let's go and eat. Isn't there a pub nearby? I seem to remember passing one. I'd love to eat in an English pub.Kate: OK, let's do that.Rob: There's no need to worry, honey.Unit 8Conversation 1Assistant: Hi, how can I help you?Mark: I'd like to book a flight and make a hotel reservation.Assistant: Going to ...?Mark: To New York, please.Assistant: Is that a one-way or a return?Mark: A return, please. Out on the 17th of June and coming back on the 10th of September.Assistant: OK, and I guess you want economy not club?Mark: Yes, economy, please. Could I have an aisle seat, not a window seat? Assistant: I'm afraid you'll have to do that at the airport. What about accommodation?Mark: Well, most of the time I'm working in upstate New York, but I need a cheap hotel in New York City and one in Boston for a few nights.Assistant: How many nights will you be staying?Mark: Three nights in Boston and two nights in New York. The 12th to the 15th of August in Boston, leaving on the 15th, so three nights in Boston. Then the 15th to the 17th in New York, leaving on the 17th. So two nights in New York.Assistant: OK, I can check that out for you. Single or double room?Mark: Single. With a shower, please.Assistant: I can get you rooms in budget hotels and motels for around 75 dollars a night.Mark: Does the price include breakfast?Assistant: Let me see. Yes, I can do that for you.Mark: What time is check-out?Assistant: Usually midday ... Do you have a student card? You'll need it for the cheap flights and the accommodation. Oh, and any travelling within the US? We can get you seats on Greyhound buses, if you want.Mark: Actually, that would be great. Can you get me a seat from New York to Boston, travelling on the 12th of August? And then one from New York to Chicago on the 17th? After Chicago I'm going to DC and then back to New York, but I'll get those tickets when I'm in the States.Assistant: No problem, just give me a few minutes ...Conversation 2Kate: Have you made plans for the summer vacation yet?Mark: Yes, I'm travelling around the States for three months.Janet: Three months! Wow, you're lucky! Whereabouts are you going?Mark: Well, I'm flying to New York City, and then I'm working for eight weeks as a counsellor on a summer camp in upstate New York. And then I'm travelling around for about four weeks, back in time for the start of term.Kate: Where are you staying?Mark: On the campsite in the mountains. It's about an hour away from New York City by bus.Kate: What are you going to do there?Mark: I'll be looking after teenagers, city kids mostly. We're going swimming, rafting and canoeing, and maybe backpacking in the mountains.Janet: That sounds amazing! And after that, what are your plans?Mark: I'll catch the Greyhound bus to Boston, and relax in a hotel for three days. Kate: The museums in Boston are great! You absolutely must visit them.Mark: OK, I'll do that. Then I go back to New York for two days, to watch a baseball game.Kate: The New York Yankees? That's my team!Mark: Then I'm flying to Chicago for six days, to stay with some friends.Kate: And will you fly home from Chicago?Mark: No, then I'll go to DC for six days to do some sightseeing. And then I'll be back a few days before the beginning of term.Janet: It sounds like a dream vacation.Unit 9Conversation 1Kate: Oh, Janet, you don't look too good. What's the matter?Janet: Oh, I'm OK. I am not sleeping very well at the moment, so I'm quite tired. I fell asleep in the lecture just now.Kate: Is anything wrong?Janet: Oh, I don't know. Maybe I'm worried about my end of term exams. And I've got an essay to write.Kate: Are you eating properly? I didn't see you at dinner last night.Janet: No, I've lost my appetite. I can't face any more Western food for a few days. Kate: I think you've lost some weight. Do you feel sick?Janet: Mostly homesick.Kate: Have you talked to your tutor?Janet: No! Why would I do that?Kate: Well, it's part of his job to keep an eye on your health. Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor?Janet: But I'm all right.Kate: Do you have any other symptoms? Do you have a headache?Janet: Well, I have a headache nearly all the time at the moment. And I feel a bit depressed. But it's nothing. I'll be all right. Please! Don't worry about me.Kate: You poor thing! Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor? She'll give you a check-up; take your temperature and blood pressure, all the usual tests. Janet: Oh, I don't want to make a fuss. It's nothing.Kate: You're not making a fuss. I am! And I'm coming with you.Conversation 2Doctor: What seems to be the problem?Janet: Well ...Kate: She hasn't been eating or sleeping properly. She fell asleep in the lecture this morning.Doctor: Hmm, and what did the lecturer think of that?Janet: Fortunately, he didn't see me.Doctor: OK, I'm going to ask you a few questions. How's your social life?Janet: It's fine. I've got some really nice friends.Doctor: Have you got a boyfriend?Janet: No. I don't think my parents would like me to have one while I'm at university.Doctor: And are you eating properly?Janet: Yes, I think so.Kate: She says she's a bit fed up with Western food.Doctor: OK, so you'd like some home comfort ... what's your favorite food? Janet: Fried rice!Doctor: Not much fried rice for dinner in college, is there? Um, any worries about your work?Janet: No. Maybe. Yes, I suppose so.Doctor: Do you have an essay crisis?Janet: Yes! I haven't finished all the reading. I don't read as quickly as my friends, so it takes me a long time to write my essays.Doctor: OK, Janet. I want you to try and take a few days off. I'll have a word with your tutor and see if he can wait for your essay.Janet: OK.Doctor: If you're run down or depressed, you're more likely to catch a cold. Can you come back and see me next week? In the meantime, I suggest you try taking some...Unit 10Conversation 1Janet: Hi!Mark: Hi!Kate: How are you?Mark: I'm OK, thanks. How're you guys?Kate: Good.Mark: Good ... Oh, that traffic! It's getting worse and worse!Kate: Tell me about it, it's awful! Don't you worry about your health when you're cycling? All that pollution! Like, what are we breathing in? They really should do something about it!Mark: I think they intend to — or at least they keep talking about it.Janet:Shall we go inside?Mark: Yea....Mark: You know, it sounds crazy, but it might be an idea to ban cars from the centre of the city. I nearly got hit by a crazy driver earlier.Kate: Are you OK?Mark: Yes, I'm fine.Janet: Would they really do that — ban cars?Mark: It's possible. It'd sort out the traffic problems. And it would reduce pollution. Janet: I don't think that would be very popular with drivers.Mark: But it would be safer for cyclists.Kate: Supposing they introduced a congestion charge?Mark: Like in London?Janet: Do you think it would stop people driving into Oxford?Mark: It'd stop some people.Kate: They could always extend the Park and Ride scheme.Janet: It's a good idea.Kate: If people actually use it.Mark: Hey, I haven't told you, I'm going to a meeting of the Environmental Action Group tonight.Kate: You are? Good for you!Mark: Yes, I'm just concerned about the environment. I've decided to get more active, believe it or not.Janet: I guess we all should.Kate: I know, you're right ... Excuse me ...Conversation 2Janet: By the way, Mark, how did your meeting go?Mark: Quite interesting, actually.Janet: So what did they talk about?Mark: Uh, recycling, mostly. They have this plan ... that everyone should write to the Council. Ask them to collect more rubbish. You know, like, all the plastic, which they don't do. I'm going to write a letter this evening.Janet: Really? You know, I think I might go to the next meeting. I've been meaning to do something ... get more active about the environment.Mark: Yes, we all need to. Global warming, ice caps melting, pollution. Doesn't it worry you?Janet: Yes, it's really frightening.Mark: Hey, it would be great if you came to the meeting, Janet. The Action Group really wants to make students more aware of what they can do to help.Janet: You know, I think everyone knows what they should do. But they don't do it — I don't do it.Mark: I'm the same. Actually, there's something we could do right now.Janet: What?Mark: There's this poster they want to put up all over the university. It tells you easy ways of saving energy. I'm looking at it, here, look ...Janet: "Use less hot water ..."Mark: They've asked us to print it out and put it up in college. You want to help me? Janet: Sure! It might be an idea to ask Kate to help.Mark: Yes, let's ask her. But why don't we print it out — right now?Janet: Sure.。
发出你理性的声音英语作文In today's world, it is crucial to have a rational voice amidst the chaos. It is essential to critically analyze the information we receive and make informed decisions. We must not let emotions cloud our judgment and instead rely on reason and evidence.I believe that education plays a vital role infostering rational thinking. By providing individuals with the tools to think critically and analyze information, education empowers us to make rational decisions. It equips us with the ability to question, challenge, and seek evidence before forming opinions.Another aspect of rationality is the importance of open-mindedness. We must be willing to consider different perspectives and be open to changing our opinions based on new evidence. It is through this openness that we can grow intellectually and expand our understanding of the world.Furthermore, it is essential to separate facts from opinions. Facts are objective and can be verified, whereas opinions are subjective and based on personal beliefs or feelings. By distinguishing between the two, we can avoid falling into the trap of misinformation and make rational decisions based on reliable information.In addition, rationality also involves acknowledging our biases and working to overcome them. We all have inherent biases that influence our thinking and decision-making processes. Recognizing these biases allows us to approach situations with a more rational mindset and make fair and impartial judgments.Moreover, rationality requires us to consider the long-term consequences of our actions. It is easy to be swayed by short-term gains or immediate gratification, but a rational thinker looks beyond the present and considers the potential impact of their decisions on the future.Lastly, it is important to approach discussions and debates with civility and respect. Rationality does notmean dismissing others' opinions or engaging in personal attacks. It means listening to different viewpoints, engaging in constructive dialogue, and being open to changing our minds if presented with compelling arguments.In conclusion, in a world filled with noise and misinformation, it is crucial to have a rational voice. Education, open-mindedness, fact-checking, acknowledging biases, considering long-term consequences, and engaging in respectful discussions are all essential components of rational thinking. By embracing these principles, we can navigate through the complexities of life and make informed decisions.。
一．四级翻译高频词汇（信任类）1、勤奋Diligence2、耐心Patience3、成功Success4、机遇Opportunity5、挑战Challenge6、勤俭节约Thrifty7、创新Innovation8、拼搏精神The Determined Spirit9、奉献精神The Dedication Spirit10、自信Self-Confidence11、诚实Honesty12、谦虚Modesty13、奋斗Strive14、团队精神&合作Teamwork Spirit &Cooperation15、竞争Competition16、实事求是seek truth from facts17、社会公德Public Morality18、礼貌Politeness19、提高个人修养Shaping the Morality20、爱心Love21、责任Responsibility22、美丽Beauty23、理解、谅解Understanding24、和谐社会Harmonious Society25、打好基础的重要性The Importance of Fundamentals/Basic Skills26、可持续发展Sustainable Development27、美德Virtue28、谨慎Prudence29、尊老爱幼Respect the Old and Care for the Young30、仁义道德Virtue and Morality31、挫折与坎坷Twists and Turns32、逆境Setback33、成功无捷径There Is No Shortcut to Success34、终身学习Life-Long Study35、从小事做起Start from Small Details36、人生处处面临选择We Are Always Faced Various Choices37、幽默感A Sense of Humor38、沟通Communication39、身心健康Physical and Mental Health40、捐献Donation41、人才的素质The Qualities of the Talents42、业余爱好Hobbies43、爱国主义Patriotism44、感谢对手Expressing Thanks to Our Rivals45、欣赏Appreciation46、关爱True Love47、信念Conviction48、奉献Contributions49、梦想Ambitions50、希望Hope二．四级翻译高频词汇（学习类）1、熟能生巧Practice Makes Perfect2、读书的快乐The Pleasure of Reading3、拼搏Struggling4、放弃Give Up5、应试教育Test-oriented Education System6、面试前的准备Preparation for the Interview7、助学贷款Students Loans8、正确择业Choosing the Right Career9、能力Ability10、创新Innovation11、感谢Gratitude12、悲观心态Pessimistic Mind13、乐观心态Optimistic Mind14、失败Failure15、知识Knowledge16、自律Self-Discipline17、无目标的Aimless18、珍惜时间Cherishing Time19、大学生就业难It's Difficult for University Students to Look for Job/Difficulty Hunting for Jobs of College Students20、失学Dropping Out of School/Leaving School21、只注重考试成绩Exam-Oriented Education22、死读书Study in a Rigid Way/Stressing Only Exam Score三．四级翻译常用词汇（文化类）1、论语Analects of Confucius2、发明纸和瓷器invented paper and porcelain3、发明火药invention of gunpowder4、发明印刷术block printing was invented5、科举制Imperial Examination for recruiting civil servants6、丝绸之路Silk Route7、京剧Peking opera8、昆曲Kunqu opera9、中国画traditional Chinese painting10、人物画portrait11、秦腔Qin opera12、功夫Kungfo13、太极Tai Chi14、口技ventripuppet showloquism15、木偶戏16、皮影戏shadow play17、折子戏opera highlights18、杂技acrobatics19、相声witty dialogue comedy20、刺绣embroidery21、苏绣Suzhou embroidery22、泥人clay figure23、书法calligraphy24、中国画traditional Chinese painting25、水墨画Chinese brush painting26、中国结Chinese knot27、山水landscape painting28、花鸟flower and bird29、草虫grass and insect30、泼墨paint-splashing style31、写意impressionistic style32、工笔elaborate style33、毛笔writing brush34、书法calligraphic art35、书法家calligraphic artist36、楷体formal script/regular script37、行书running script38、宋体Song-dynasty script39、工艺品handwork/handicrafts40、手工艺品articles of handcraft art41、文物cultural relics/antiques42、国宝national treasure43、人民大会堂Great Hall of the People44、故宫博物馆Imperial Palace Museum 经济类1、行业垄断Monopoly2、宏观调控Macro-Regulation3、不良贷款Non-Performing Loan4、超前消费Consumption in Advance/Excessive Consumption5、快速发展旅游业Fast Development of Tourism6、地区差异Regional Disparity7、经济利益Financial Interests8、跳槽Job-Hopping9、风险投资Risk Investment10消费者Consumers11、假冒产品Fake Products12、暴富，一夜之间变富有Earning-Quick-Buck/Make Rich Overnight13、卡奴Card Slave14、假日旅游Traveling on Holidays15、打折On Discount16、就业与失业Employment and Unemployment17、住房问题Housing Problems18、城市交通问题Urban Traffic Problems19、可持续发展Sustainable Development20、虚假广告The Issue of False Ads21、小康社会a well-to-do society22、人民生活people's livelihood23、生活水平living standards24、生活质量quality of life25、住房条件housing conditions26、文化程度educational level27、就业率employment rate28、人均收入average income per capita29、年平均工资average annual pay30、奖金bonus31、生活费用cost of living32、消费价格指数consumer price index33、环境污染指数environment pollution index34、衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling35、购买力purchasing power36、贫困家庭the needy family37、贫困地区poverty-stricken region38、下岗be laid off39、小康relative affluence40、安居乐业live a good life41、共同富裕shared prosperity42、社会保险social insurance43、助学金grant-in-aid44、赈灾救济金disaster relief funds45、人口population46、人口分布population distribution47、流动人口transient population48、城市人口urban population49、农业人口agriculture population50、出生率birth rate51、自然增长率natural growth rate52、负增长率negative growth rate53、普查census54、户口册household register55、计划生育family planning/ planned parenthood56、优生优育ensure good prenatal and postnatal care57、自治区autonomous region58、民族ethnic groups59、少数民族ethnic minorities/ minority peoples四．高科技类1、网络世界cyber world2、网络文化cyber culture3、网络犯罪cyber crime4、网上购物online shopping5、高产优质high yield and high quality6、高科技园high-tech park7、工业园区industrial park8、火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)9、信息港info port10、信息革命information revolution11、电子货币e-currency12、人工智能artificial intelligence (AI)13、生物技术bio-technology14、克隆cloning15、基因工程genetic engineering16、转基因食品genetically modified food (GM food)17、试管婴儿test-tube baby18、基因突变genetic mutation19、网络出版e-publishing20、三维电影three-dimensional movie21、光谷optical valley22、虚拟银行virtual bank23、信息化informationization24、信息高速公路information superhighway25、新兴学科new branch of science; emerging discipline26、纳米nanometer27、个人数字助理personal digital assistant (PDA)28、生态农业environment-friendly agriculture29、技术密集产品technology-intensive product30、数码科技digital technology31、同步卫星geostationary satellite32、神舟五号载人飞船manned spacecraft Shenzhou V33、风云二号气象卫星Fengyun II meteorological satellite34、登月舱lunar module35、多任务小卫星small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)36、多媒体短信服务Multimedia Messaging Service ( MMS)37、电子商务e-business; e-commerce38、电子管理e-management39、办公自动化Office Automation (OA)40、信息高地information highland41、信息检索information retrieval42、电话会议teleconference43、无土栽培soilless cultivation44、超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice45、科技发展scientific and technological advancement46、重点项目key project47、国家重点工程national key projects五．教育类1、高等学府institution of higher education2、综合性大学comprehensive university3、文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts4、理工科大学college / university of science and engineering5、师范学院teachers' college; normal college6、高分低能high scores and low abilities7、高考(university/college) entrance examination8、高校扩招the college expansion plan9、教育界education circle10、教育投入input in education11、九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education12、考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools13、课外活动extracurricular activities14、必修课required/compulsory course15、选修课elective/optional course16、基础课basic courses17、专业课specialized courses18、课程表school schedule19、教学大纲teaching program; syllabus20、学习年限period of schooling21、学历record of formal schooling22、学分credit23、启发式教学heuristic teaching24、人才交流talent exchange25、人才战competition for talented people26、商务英语证书Business English Certificate (BEC)27、适龄儿重入学率enrollment rate for children of school age28、升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate29、硕博连读a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study30、素质教育quality-oriented education31、填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching32、希望工程Project Hope33、走读生extern; non-resident student34、住宿生boarder35、研究生graduate student; post-graduate (student)36、应届毕业生graduating student; current year's graduate37、校园数字化campus digitalization38、校园文化campus culture39、学汉语热enthusiasm in learning Chinese40、学历教育education with record of formal schooling41、学龄儿重school-ager42、学前教育preschool education43、学生减负alleviate the burden on students44、应试教育exam-oriented education45、职业道德work ethics; professional ethics46、记者招待会press conference47、国家教委State Education Commission48、国家统计局State Statistical Bureau49、职业培训job training50、职业文盲functional illiterate51、智力引进recruit/introduce (foreign) talents52、智商intelligence quotient (IQ)53、助学行动activity to assist the impoverished students。
打电话英语作文60词篇1One day, I was feeling really ill and so down. I decided to call my best friend. As the phone rang, my heart was beating fast. "Hello?" her warm voice came through. I poured out my feelings and how bad I felt. She listened patiently and said, "Don't worry, dear. I'm here for you. You'll get better soon!" Those words were like a magic medicine. How important that call was!Another time, I called my grandma who lives far away. I told her about my new school and friends. She shared her funny stories too. "Oh, my dear, I miss you so much!" she said. How wonderful it is to talk on the phone and keep our bond strong despite the distance!These experiences made me realize how significant a phone call can be. It brings people closer and shares love and care.篇2One day, I picked up the phone to call my classmate to discuss our homework. "Hello! How are you doing with that math problem?" I asked excitedly. "Oh, I'm so confused! I have no idea how to solve it," she replied. "Well, let's think together. What if we try this method?" I suggested. "That might not work! But let's give it a shot," she answered. We argued back and forth, sharing our thoughts and ideas. It was such an interestingconversation! Another time, I called my teacher to ask a question. My heart was pounding as the phone rang. "Hello, teacher?" I said nervously. "Yes, dear. What can I do for you?" she asked gently. "I have a question about the history assignment. I'm really looking forward to your guidance," I said. Through these phone calls, I realized that even though we couldn't see each other's faces, the connection and communication were still so powerful. It's amazing how a simple phone call can bring people closer and help us understand each other better!篇3One day, I had a very strange and frustrating experience when making a phone call. I was trying to explain an important matter to my friend, but the signal was so bad that our conversation was constantly interrupted. "Hello? Can you hear me?" I shouted, but there was only silence on the other end for a few seconds. I repeated myself over and over, but I wasn't sure if my friend understood what I was saying. Finally, when the call ended, I realized that there had been a huge misunderstanding! How could such a simple conversation go so wrong just because of a bad signal? Another time, I used some ambiguous words to describe a situation, and my listener completely got the wrong idea. "Oh no! Why did this happen?"I wondered. It made me realize how crucial it is to be clear and precise when communicating on the phone. A small mistake or unclear expression can lead to big problems and unnecessary confusion. We really need to payattention to every word we say to avoid these misunderstandings!篇4When I think back to the first time I made a phone call, a flood of emotions rushes through my mind. I was both nervous and excited. My heart was pounding as I picked up the receiver, not knowing exactly how to start the conversation. I remember my hands were shaking slightly, and I kept rehearsing in my head what I was going to say. When I finally heard the voice on the other end, it was such a strange and wonderful feeling! I was like a little bird taking its first flight, full of curiosity and trepidation.I stuttered and struggled to find the right words, but as the conversation went on, I gradually became more at ease. That first phone call was a significant moment in my life, marking a step in my growth and my ability to communicate with the world beyond my immediate surroundings. How amazing it was to have this connection through a simple device!篇5In today's fast-paced world, the telephone has become an indispensable part of our lives. It plays a vital role in shaping our communication patterns and influencing our interpersonal relationships. How remarkable it is!For instance, in the business realm, teleconferences have greatly enhanced work efficiency. Teams scattered across different locations canconnect and collaborate seamlessly, making decisions promptly and advancing projects smoothly. Isn't that a huge advantage?However, on the flip side, there is a concerning trend. Our excessive reliance on the telephone has led to a decrease in face-to-face communication. We often find ourselves choosing to call rather than meet in person. Have we lost something precious in this process? The warmth of a real smile, the sincerity in eye contact, and the connection that only physical presence can bring.The telephone is a double-edged sword. It brings convenience but also poses challenges to our traditional ways of interacting. How should we strike a balance and make the most of this technological marvel while preserving the essence of genuine human connection?。
口琴选择作文模板英语英文回答：Choosing the Right Harmonica。
The harmonica, also known as the mouth organ, is a versatile and portable instrument that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and skill levels. However, with so many different types and brands of harmonicas available, choosing the right one can be a daunting task. Here are a few factors to consider when making your decision:1. Type of harmonica: There are several different types of harmonicas, each with its own unique sound and playing style. The most common types include:Diatonic harmonica: The diatonic harmonica is the most popular type of harmonica and is used in a widevariety of genres, including blues, rock, and folk music.It has 10 holes and 20 notes, and the notes are arranged ina diatonic scale.Chromatic harmonica: The chromatic harmonica is a more advanced type of harmonica that allows you to play all 12 notes of the chromatic scale. It has 12 holes and 48 notes, and the notes are arranged in a semitone pattern.Tremolo harmonica: The tremolo harmonica has two reeds for each note, which creates a vibrato effect. It is often used in blues and folk music.Octave harmonica: The octave harmonica is similarto the diatonic harmonica, but the notes are played an octave higher. It is often used in bluegrass and country music.2. Key of the harmonica: The key of the harmonicarefers to the note that is played when you blow into thefirst hole. The most common keys for harmonicas are C, G, D, and A. The key of the harmonica you choose will depend on the type of music you want to play. For example, C harmonicas are often used in blues and rock music, while Gharmonicas are often used in folk and country music.3. Size of the harmonica: Harmonicas come in a variety of sizes, from small pocket-sized models to large professional models. The size of the harmonica you choose will depend on your personal preference and the type of music you want to play. Smaller harmonicas are easier to carry around, while larger harmonicas have a wider range of notes and can be used for more complex playing styles.4. Brand of the harmonica: There are many different brands of harmonicas available, each with its own unique sound and features. Some of the most popular brands include Hohner, Lee Oskar, and Suzuki. The brand of harmonica you choose will depend on your personal preference and budget.Once you have considered all of these factors, you can start shopping for the right harmonica for your needs. Here are a few tips for choosing a harmonica:Play the harmonica before you buy it: This is the best way to get a feel for the sound and playing style of theharmonica. If possible, try out several different harmonicas before you make a decision.Read reviews online: There are many websites and forums where you can read reviews of different harmonicas. This can be a helpful way to get an idea of what other people think of a particular harmonica before you buy it.Ask for advice from a music teacher or experienced harmonica player: If you are new to playing the harmonica, ask for advice from a music teacher or experienced harmonica player. They can help you choose the right harmonica for your needs and provide you with tips on how to play it.With a little research, you can find the perfect harmonica to help you express your musical creativity.中文回答：如何选择合适的口琴。
