初中宾语从句讲义
- 格式:doc
- 大小:48.50 KB
- 文档页数:4
初中宾语从句:第一讲导入:(在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语)I kown the man.(而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语)I know that the man is a policemanThe man is a policeman.1.基本概念宾语:动作的承受者从句:主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。
主句是复合句的主体,从句仅仅是主句的一个成分,它从属于主句,不能独立。
从句在全句中充当什么成分,就叫什么从句。
宾语从句:是主从复合句的一种。
宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语2.考试题型:宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目,其主要的考试形式出现在“选择填空和短文改错”中。
3.引导词:(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.注:that 在句中无词义,在从句中不能充当句子成分,在口语中往往被省略。
(2)由疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what和疑问副词where, when, why,how引导的宾语从句:e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?(谁的,作定语)2)Could you tell me why the train is late? (为什么,作状语)3)He asked who could answer the question.(谁,作主语)注:这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。
(3)由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句:if/whether 引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义,在句中不充当句子成份。
e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right .They didn’t know whether Tom could come back or not .I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.If 与whether 的区别(1)与or not 连用只能用whetherEg: I don’t know _____ he will come or not.(2)介词后只能用whetherEg: I don’t care of ______ he is handsome.(3)与to do 不定式连用只能用whetherEg: He wondered ______ to stay here the next week.(4)当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导Eg: ____ he will come is not decided.三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序,即是“主语在前,谓语在后”的顺序。
初中宾语从句ppt课件•宾语从句基本概念•宾语从句时态与语态•宾语从句引导词用法•宾语从句语序问题目录•宾语从句省略现象•宾语从句与其他从句关系01宾语从句基本概念定义与作用定义宾语从句是一个完整的句子作为宾语,通常放在动词、介词或形容词后面。
作用宾语从句可以丰富句子的表达,使句子更加完整、具体。
宾语从句通常由引导词引导,如that 、whether 、if 等。
引导词语序时态宾语从句使用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。
主句和从句的时态需要保持一致,根据具体情况选择合适的时态。
030201结构特点动词后的宾语从句He said that he was happy. 他说他很高兴。
I don't know if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
介词后的宾语从句I'm interested in what you said. 我对你所说的话感兴趣。
We discussed about whether we should go there. 我们讨论了是否应该去那里。
形容词后的宾语从句I'm not sure whether he is right. 我不确定他是否正确。
They were worried about what would happen next. 他们担心接下来会发生什么。
02宾语从句时态与语态主句为一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
主句为过去时,从句用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
如果从句所叙述的是客观真理或事实,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。
时态变化规律语态转换方法被动语态的构成:be + 过去分词。
主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,主动语态的主语变为by的宾语,放在被动语态主语的后面,如果没有指明动作的执行者,by短语可以省略。
主动语态变为被动语态时,谓语动词要变为相应的被动形式,即把动词-ing形式变为being + 过去分词,把动词-ed形式变为be + 过去分词。
宾语从句一、定义及种类定义:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。
及物动词宾语:I don’t know what he likes.介词宾语:We are talking about whether it’s a cat or a dog.形容词宾语:I am sorry I am late. I am glad that you can join us.种类:根据不同的引导词分为三类:that引导:He said that he wanted to stay at home.whether/if引导:He asked me whether/if(是否) he could go.特殊疑问词引导:Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?二、宾语从句——引导词、语序、时态1. 引导词①由_______________引导I don’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.that后加陈述语序,由陈述句变化而来。
这里的that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中常省略。
②由_______________引导(其意思是__________)I want to know whether/if she likes Zhengzhou.He asked me whether/if I could help him.whether/if后加陈述语序,由一般疑问句转化而来。
③由_______________引导I don’t know why he loves crying.He asked who was the best.Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?特殊疑问词后加陈述语序,由特殊疑问句转化而来。
宾语从句1.宾语从句的概念。
在主从复合句中,置于动词、介词等后面,充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。
无论何时宾语从句都是陈述语序,即引导词(连接词)+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他成分。
引导宾语从句的连接词有that, whether, if, what, whose, why, when等。
2.宾语从句的结构。
连接词He knew who sang best in his class.动词从句who sang best in his class放在动词knew后面,作宾语,who是引导该从句的连接词。
句意为:他知道班上谁唱歌唱得最好。
连接词I agree with what you said just now.介词从句what you said just now放在介词with的后面,作宾语,what是连接词。
句意为:我同意你刚才说的话。
3.引导宾语从句的连接词。
1)that引导的宾语从句。
that引导的宾语从句没有词意,只起连接作用,用来引导意思完整的陈述句,可以省略。
that引导的宾语从句表示肯定的概念,如希望,相信,知道或说。
例句如下:1.I hear that he will be back in an hour. 我听说他会在一个小时后回来。
2.I hope that it will snow this winter. 我希望今年冬天会下雪。
3.I believe that we shall bee good friends. 我相信我们会成为好朋友。
2)whether/if引导的宾语从句。
whether/if引导的宾语从句词意为是否,在宾语从句中不作成分,不可省略。
通常可以互换,但是介词后面只能用whether,宾语从句中含有or not的只能用whether来引导,即whether和or not在宾语从句中为固定搭配,其他不含or not 的宾语从句可以用whether或if来引导。
例句如下:1.He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。
英语中考语法宾语从句详细讲解和讲义(一)第一:什么叫宾语从句?1.在中考中,宾语从句是指一个在复合句中担任宾语的子句。
它通常由一个连词引导,紧跟着一个主句中的动词或介词后面。
2.宾语从句可以充当主句中的动词、形容词或名词的宾语,起到进一步说明或解释主句中内容的作用。
3.宾语从句的连词可以是that、whether、if、how、when、where等。
比如:He said that he didn’t know it.他说他不知道。
主句从句第二:中考英语中“that”引导的宾语从句用法:1.that引导的宾语从句,可以用来引述别人的陈述、观点或想法。
例如:(1)He said that he would come to the party.(他说他会来参加派对。
)(2)She believes that hard work leads to success.(她相信努力工作会带来成功。
)2.在口语和非正式的书面表达中,有时可以省略"that"。
例如:She told me (that) she was tired.(她告诉我她很累。
)3.当主句的谓语动词是感觉动词(如feel, think, believe, hope, know)时,通常可以省略"that"。
例如:We hope (that) it will be a sunny day tomorrow.(我们希望明天是个晴天。
)4.注意:需要注意的是,虽然在口语和非正式的写作中可以省略"that",但在正式的书面表达中,建议保留"that" 以确保语法准确性。
总结来说,中考中使用"that" 引导的宾语从句是常见的,主要用来引述别人的陈述、观点或想法。
在具体应用时,要根据上下文和语法规则来确定是否省略"that"。
第三:常见的宾语从句连接代词详细用法:一、what的具体用法:解释:"what" 引导的宾语从句用于引导一个问句,询问或描述某个事物或情况的性质、特征、原因等。
宾语从句一、定义:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:I know that the man is a policeman.主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块:1. 引导宾语从句的连接词(从属连接词和连接代词);2. 宾语从句的语序;3. 宾语从句的时态。
二、宾语从句的引导词(连接词)作用有无意义在从句中所做成分从属连接词that 只起连接作用无无Whether/if 起连接作用有(表示是否)无连接词连接代词What 连接+从句中做成分什么(指物)主,宾,表Which 连接+从句中做成分哪一个(指物)主,宾,表who 连接+从句中做成分谁(指人主格)主,表whom 连接+从句中做成分谁(指人宾格)宾whose 连接+从句中做成分谁的(指人所有格)定连接副词Where 连接+从句中做成分地点状语When 连接+从句中做成分时间状语Why 连接+从句中做成分原因状语How 连接+从句中做成分方式状语1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
如:My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:I don’t knowI don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?注意:只能用whether不用if 的三种情况•一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:•①与or not连用:He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.•②在介词之后:It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings •③在不定式之前:We haven’t decided whether to go there.I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。
初中宾语从句:第一讲导入:(在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语)I kown the man.(而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语)I know that the man is a policemanThe man is a policeman.1.基本概念宾语:动作的承受者从句:主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。
主句是复合句的主体,从句仅仅是主句的一个成分,它从属于主句,不能独立。
从句在全句中充当什么成分,就叫什么从句。
宾语从句:是主从复合句的一种。
宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语2.考试题型:宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目,其主要的考试形式出现在“选择填空和短文改错”中。
3.引导词:(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.注:that 在句中无词义,在从句中不能充当句子成分,在口语中往往被省略。
(2)由疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what和疑问副词where, when, why,how引导的宾语从句:e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?(谁的,作定语)2)Could you tell me why the train is late? (为什么,作状语)3)He asked who could answer the question.(谁,作主语)注:这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。
(3)由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句:if/whether 引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义,在句中不充当句子成份。
e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right .They didn’t know whether Tom could come back or not .I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.If 与whether 的区别(1)与or not 连用只能用whetherEg: I don’t know _____ he will come or not.(2)介词后只能用whetherEg: I don’t care of ______ he is handsome.(3)与to do 不定式连用只能用whetherEg: He wondered ______ to stay here the next week.(4)当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导Eg: ____ he will come is not decided.三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序,即是“主语在前,谓语在后”的顺序。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.四、宾语从句种的时态变化I hear (that) Jim was ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim is ( be ) an English teacher now .Jim will cook ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim is singing ( sing )a popular song now.Jim has been ( be ) to the Great Wall twice .Jim was playing ( play ) basketball when his father came back.Jim had learned ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.He said what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He said that he would go back to the U.S.A. soon.He asked if you had written to Peter.He told me (that)summer is after Spring .I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me (that)no news is good news.1.当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不作限制,我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。
(需要性原则)2.当主句是一般过去时的时候,宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态,从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
(呼应性原则)3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时,就不用受到主句时态的限制,仍是用一般现在时态。
(特殊性原则)一、三类词引导的宾语从句:that疑问词:8个“W”,1个“H”从属连词whether/if二、宾语从句的语序三、宾语从句的时态1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you.A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whetherD. where4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mendC. how he mendedD. what he mended5. I want to know _________.A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _________ now?A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live7. Do you know what time _________?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the train leaves8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know _________.A. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings10. I can't understand _________.A. what does Christmas meanB. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?(改写句子)→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.(变为复合句)→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.(合并为一个句子)_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)I want to know _________ the train _________.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not...until改写)They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework.6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案:I. 1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBDII. 1. if/whether; enjoys 2. if/whether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves5. didn't; until6. whether; came。