高中英语新高考-阅读理解：抽丝剥茧,深入剖析高考科普类阅读命题规律(江苏版)

高中英语新高考-单项填空：抽丝剥茧，深入剖析高考单项选择命题规律（江苏版）我们不能为了刷题而刷题，而是要做好题，析好题，品好题。

什么意思呢？你不能为了刷题而刷题了，而是要回归真题（不是课本），结合大市经典模拟题，来归类总结一类题的语篇特点和命题特点（譬如干扰项针对什么挖坑，命题题眼所针对的关键句在语篇中的作用）。

下面我来具体解释：单选语法考点：综述，语法单选出得相当有水平，虽然离我们理想的还有差距，譬如句子短而美，但是语境充足，预制词块丰富，考点契合命题方向，足矣！22. Our school holds seminars for students at regular intervals______ the potential of their future is explored.A. whenB. whereC.thatD. who考点：定语从句自从考过where后，有三年没有考了。

这个题目是模仿的手法，考生需要分请先行词到底是seminar还是intervals，如果是后者就会选A。

而答案是B。

关系副词有三年没有考，命题人显然知晓这点，还有关系代词也有四年没有涉足了，尤其that自0独立命题以来从未光顾，我替它心痛且看高考考过哪些：1.关系代词that2.关系代词whichThe owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, which meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. The Science Museum, which wevisited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.3.关系代词who,whomAfter the flooding, people were suffering in that area,who urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.4.关系代词asAs is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.5.关系代词whoseIn 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.6.关系副词when,where whyBetween the two parts of the concert is an interval,when the audience can buy ice-cream.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is amust.7.介词+which/whomThe newly built café, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hardwork.He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.Theplace at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross river traffic is the heaviest.Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.25. ______ Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhetherD.How考点：名词性从句名词性从句题目一般都是送分题，因为它很多时候就不需要你分析结构，能翻译出来就成了。

高中英语新高考-阅读理解：抽丝剥茧，深入剖析高考科普类阅读命题规律BSymbolic communication in the form of language underlies our unique ability to reason —or the conventional wisdom holds so. A new study published in Science, though, suggests our capacity to reason logically may not actually depend on language, at least not fully. The findings show babies still too young to speak can reason and make reasonable deductions.这样读：段落语篇结构：旧观点(conventional)--》新观点（new study, though) -->结论（show)命题点：新观点的理解？关键句：Science, though, suggests our capacity to reason logically may not actually depend on language, at least not fully.翻译：但是，科学表明，我们逻辑推理能力其实可能并非依赖语言，至少不是完全依赖。

这就和：58 C: language is not a requirement for some basic reasoning (语言并非是一些基础推理的必要条件）一致的，考生如果选了干扰项，说明根本没看到这句话。

The authors—a team from several European institutions—studied infants (婴儿) aged 12 and 19 months, when language learning and speech production has just begun but before complex mastery has been achieved. The children had to inspect distinct objects repeatedly—such as a dinosaur and a flower. The items were initially hidden behind a black wall. In one set of experiments the animation (动漫) would show a cup scooping (舀出) up the dinosaur. Half of the time, the barrier would then be removed to reveal, as expected, the remaining flower. In the rest of the instances, though, the wall would disappear and a second dinosaur would be there.这样读：上一段谈到结论，下一段就是实验了，标准的科普文风格。

三、写作意图题(2019·天津，D)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》).And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark.I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can’t all get there.I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we can’t change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have madea commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我)，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment”with such “caring”occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck，or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.51.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .A.loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativityB.age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goalC.misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD.disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success答案B解析推理判断题。

江苏2017高考英语阅读理解--细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）阅读理解解题指导阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。

下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

阅读理解----【细节理解题】细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。

它的设题方式主要有以下两种：1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因(目的)、方式等来设问考查。

解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。

如:真题摘选【1】(2013 江苏卷D篇)I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface aboutsomething else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawingthem into the story.65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’sA. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.C. Twain’s themes se emed to agree with plots.D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.解析：根据文中信息，Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克•吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克•吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。

考情分析命题规律命题预测高考任务型阅读主要考查考生在限定的时间内获取信息、加工处理信息、 综合概括信息和表达信息的能力。

相对于阅读理解，它更注重对考生在语言输入的基础上加强语言输出能力的考查，要求对摄取信息进行分析、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行综合运用，属于综合能力考查题。

考题形式主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以议论文和说明文为主，阅读量大。

统计数据表明：在近三年的江苏高考任务型阅读中，原词再现题与词义转换归纳题所占的比例较大。

1.文章一般在400－470词之间。

2．选材以议论文、说明文为主。

3．任务型阅读侧重考查语篇分析和文章脉络的剖析，即考查文章的结构和框架。

考生要在分析了解文章篇章结构的基础上，认真对照图表上所要完成的任务，逐一对照原文进行信息的筛选。

4．任务型阅读要求考生不但要掌握具体事实情节，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等，掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想；既要理解文章的含义及逻辑关系，又要根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理，运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题。

5．大部分题目选择需从全文2020年高考任务型阅读将继续坚持在词汇转换、句式转换、段落归纳能力的考查的基础上，加强对考生文章大意、文章结构、提纲和框架的考查。

同时会加大对题目信息的寻找难度，考查考生能力的考点会相对增加。

出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑才能作出判断，体现了“突出语篇”的命题风格。

[学生用书P88]一、常用阅读方法1．扫读扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，理清其显示的层次关系，明确任务要求。

要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。

一般题目的结构是：(1)全文的标题：在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。

(2)各段大意：试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。

(3)对各段大意的详细的阐述：从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。

江苏省高考阅读理解题特点探究作者：马芳来源：《读与写·教育教学版》2013年第09期摘要：英语阅读理解题对高考成绩的总体成败起到了决定性作用，每当英语考试结束后，我们常会听到考生们扼腕叹息，明明文章大意和各个选项的意思都读懂了，却为何还会不同于标准答案。

因此，如何在有限的时间内理解文章含义成为英语阅读制胜的关键因素。

本文通过探究江苏省高考英语阅读理解题的特点，充分破解阅读的命题规律，以期能够帮助考生有的放矢、游刃有余地把握阅读理解文章，提高阅读效率，从而做到事半功倍。

关键词：江苏省高考阅读理解题特点中图分类号：G633.41 文献标识码： C 文章编号：1672-1578（2013）09-0109-01阅读理解题在高考中举足轻重，它需要考生利用已有知识和已具备的能力来充分认识和理解新知识，主要考察学生的分析概括能力、逻辑思维能力和理解表达能力，有助于考生真正把英语当做一门交流的工具，应用到实际生活中。

阅读理解题对学生的词汇量、阅读速度、领悟能力都具有一定要求，因而挑战性相对较大，成为很多学生学习英语的“拦路虎”。

因此，明晰阅读理解题的特点，掌握行之有效的学习方法，是提高学习效率的关键。

1 江苏省高考阅读理解题特点从2008年开始，江苏省的英语高考阅读题就一直遵循“稳定中发展”的主题理念，选材上文章贴近生活，具有浓厚的时代气息，结构稳定中不乏变化，形式多样，内容丰富，在考查学生把握整体内容的同时注重细节上的认识理解，表层意义与深层含义兼顾，充分达到了《考试说明》中要求的学生具备能力。

以2011年高考英语试题（江苏卷）为例，阅读理解题主要有以下三点特征。

1.1语言地道特色鲜明，时代性强2011年的阅读理解文体多样，A篇为发明类文章，主要讲述大学中开设某一种课程，目的在于激发学生的创新意识；B篇为应用文，介绍了国家公园；C篇是侧重于能源类的说明文，主要讲述了风力发电；D篇是一则短篇小说，讲述了残疾孩子和爸爸打棒球最终实现梦想的一个故事。

江苏2020高考英语阅读理解--细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）阅读理解解题指导阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。

下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

阅读理解----【细节理解题】细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。

它的设题方式主要有以下两种：1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因(目的)、方式等来设问考查。

解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。

如:真题摘选【1】(2020江苏卷D篇)I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the C ivil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.C. Twain’s themes se emed to agree with plots.D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.解析：根据文中信息，Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克•吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克•吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。

江苏 2017 高考英语阅读理解 --细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）阅读理解解题指导阅读理解素来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的详尽信息；依照上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的妄图、见解和态度等。

下面我们来商议一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

阅读理解 ----【细节理解题】细节理解题主要观察考生对阅读资料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。

它的设题方式主要有以下两种：1.以 what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特别疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的详尽事物、人物、时间、地点、原因( 目的 ) 、方式等来设问观察。

解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的方法，把原文信息跟后边的题目比较，最后确定出正确答案。

如:真题摘选【 1】 (2013江苏卷D篇)I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature inthe years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. Hedrew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.65. How do Twain ’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.B. Twain ’s attack on racism was much less open.C. Twain ’s themes seemed to agree with plots.D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.解析：依照文中信息， Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克 ? 吐温则经过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克? 吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。

抽丝剥茧，巧中取胜伴随着近几年江苏省英语高考卷的出炉，我们不难看出，英语这门学科对学生的要求越来越高，尤其是在阅读理解这一方面。

2013、2014 年的阅读普遍反映文章长且难，2015年的文章学生都能看得懂，但在完成题目上却并非易事。

因此，学生单单掌握较多的词汇是远远不够的，同等重要的是对篇章的理解，尤其是对长难句的处理。

接下来，我们将结合题目，向大家介绍几种常见但却非常实用的长难句解题的技巧。

对于长难句的处理，最重要的就是分清主干和分支。

那么，如何做到呢？一、抓住标点符号，巧妙剔除成分首先，先来观察一组句子：（1）Using the latest laser-scan machine，researchers from EnglishHeritage ——an orga ni zati on tha t advise the gover nment about mai ntai ning historic sites in Britai n —carefully studied every inch of every stone in the structure ，and found something that no one else had noticed.（2）Brent Weiss，owner of Uncle Dan's，an outdoor-gear retailer with locations in Chicago，Evanston and Highland Park，said he was more selective about the workers that he hires.在第一句中，“ an organization that advise the government about maintain historic sites in Britain ”是对前面English Heritage 的具体解释说明，因此，在抓住句子主干的时候可以忽略。