广东外语外贸大学考研1999写作翻译

1999年考研外语考试真题及答案一、Use of English1、Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 【B1】low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 【B2】 and active. When the work is well done, a 【B3】 of accident free operations is established 【B4】 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may 【B5】 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 【B6】 rules or regulations. 【B7】 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maxi mum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone, safety 【B8】. The fewer the injury 【B9】, the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 【B10】 or at a loss.【B1】A.atB.inC.onD.with2、【B2】A．aliveB．vividC．mobileD．diverse3、【B3】A．regulation B．climateC．circumstance D．requirement 4、【B4】A．whereB．howC．what5、【B5】A．alterB．differC．shiftD．distinguish 6、【B6】A．constituting B．aggravating C．observingD．justifying 7、【B7】A．SomeB．ManyC．EvenD．Still8、【B8】A．comes offC．pays offD．holds up9、【B9】A．claimsB．reportsC．declarationsD．proclamations10、【B10】A．an advantageB．a benefitC．an interestD．a profit11、 Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery ______ just a round the comer was untrue.A.would beB.to beC.wasD.being12、 Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ______ people each year than automobile accidents.A．seven more timesB．seven times moreC．over seven timesD．seven times13、 It's easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes ______ place in our over-changing world.A.takingB.to takeC.takeD.taken14、 This is an exciting area of study, and one ______ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.A.fromB.byC.inD.through15、 ______ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.A.AsB.WhatC.ThatD.It16、 Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend ______ such short notice.A.toB.inC.withD.on17、 California has more light than it knows ______ to do with but everything else is expensive.A.howB.whatC.whichD.where18、 The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don't have small children and get along ______ to spend most of their time together.A.so wellB.too wellC.well asD.well enough19、 Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about ______ compliments to his political leaders.A.payingB.having paidC.to payD.to have paid20、 These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ______ in traditional media.A．existB．existsC．existingD．to exist21、 An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A．stimulateB．renovateC．arouseD．advocate22、 Although architecture has artistic qualities, it mustalso satisfy a number of important practical ______.A．obligationsB．regulationsC．observationsD．considerations23、 Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss ______ the bread-winner's death.A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result ofD.for the sake of24、 In education there should be a good ______ among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.A.distributionB.balancebinationD.assignment25、 The American dream is most ______ during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism. A．plausibleB．patrioticC．primitiveD．partial26、 Poverty is not ______ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.A．rareB．temporaryC．prevalentD．segmental27、 People who rye in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in ______ populated areas.A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly28、 As a way of ______ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.A．picking upB．coping withC．passing outD．getting across29、 Tom's mother tried hard to persuade him to ______ from his intention to invest his savings in stock market.A．pull outB．give upC．draw inD．back down30、 An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ______, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A．interferenceB．interruptionC．interventionD．interaction31、 These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the ______ of higher education from the mid-1860's to the mid-1880's.A.branchB.categoryC.domainD.scope32、 Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the ______ in the financial system will drag down the economy.A.shallownessB.shakinessC.scantinessD.stiffness33、 Crisis would be the right term to describe the ______ in many animal species.A．minimizationB．restrictionC．descentD．decline34、 The city is an important railroad __ and industrial and convention center.A．conjunctionB．networkC．junctionD．link35、 Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to ______ myself of every chance to improve my English.A.assurermC.availD.notify36、 Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that ______ disease resistance in neighboring plants.A.contractsB.activatesC.maintainsD.prescribe37、 Corporations and labor unions have ______ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.A.conferredB.grantedC.flungD.submitted38、 The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was ______ from one new moon to the next.A.measuredB.reckonedC.judgedD.assessed39、 The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was ______ to the issue at hand.A．irrationalB．unreasonableC．invalidD．irrelevant40、 Fuel scarcities and price increases ______ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.A．persuadedB．promptedC．imposedD．enlightened41、 Your math instructor (would have been) happy to give youa makeup examination (had you gone) and (explained) that your parents (had been) ill at the time.A.would have beenB.had you goneC.explainedD.had been42、 As the children become (financially) independent (of) the family, the emphasis (on) family financial security will shift from protection (to save) for the retirement years.A.financiallyC.onD.to save43、 (Were) the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it (could) dramatically transform. (a family-ran) enterprise that still gets 90% of (its) revenues from newspapers.A.WereB.couldC.a family-ranD.its44、 Symposium talks will cover (a wide range) of subjects (from) overfishing to physical and (environment) factors that affect the (populations) of different species.A.a wide rangeB.fromC.environmentD.populations45、 Conversation calls for (a) willingness to alternate the role of speaker with (one) of (listener), and it calls for occasional 'digestive pauses' (by) both.A.aC.listenerD.by46、 If two theories are equal (to) their ability to account (for) a body of data, the theory that (does so) with the smaller number of assumptions is (to be preferred).A.toB.forC.does soD.to be preferred47、 The Committee adopted a resolution (requiring) the seven automakers (selling) the most cars in the state (making) 2 percent of those vehicles (emissions-free) by 1998.A.requiringB.sellingC.makingD.emissions-free48、 (As long as) poor people, who in general axe colored, are in (conflict with) richer people who in general are (lighter) (skin), there's going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.A.As long asB.conflict withC.lighterD.skin49、 All those (left undone) may sound (greatly) in theory, but even the (truest believer) has great difficulty (when) it comes to specifics.A.left undoneB.greatlyC.truest believerD.when50、 (Even if) automakers modify commercially produced cars to run (on) alternative (fuels), the cars won't catch on in a big way (when) drivers can fill them up at the gas station.A.Even ifB.onC.fuelsD.when参考答案：【一、Use of English】1~5DABAB6~10CDCAD11~50点击下载查看答案。

广东外语外贸大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英语写作与翻译样题Part One Writing(100)Task 1:Summary Writing(100)Directions:Read carefully the following passage and summarize its contents in 100-120 words. Note that you must not copy complete sentences from the original .Failure to do so would incur deduction of your scores.PassageIn my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.“Whenever you fell like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”He didn’t say any more, but we’ve always been usually communicative in a reserved way, and I understood he meant a great deal more than that. In consequence, I’m inclined to reserve all judgments, a habit that has opened up many curious natures to me and also make me the victim of not a few veteran bores. The abnormal mind is quick to detect and attach itself to this quality when it appears in a normal person, and so it came about that in college I was unjustly accused of being a politician, because I was privy to the secret grief of wild, unknown men. Most of the confidences were unsought-----frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon; for the intimate revelations of young men, or at least the terms in which they express them, are usually plagiaristic and marred by obvious suppressions. Reserving judgments is a matter of infinite hope. I am still a little afraid of missing something if I forget that, as my father snobbishly suggested, and I snobbishly repeat, a sense of the fundamental decencies is parceled out unequally at birth.And, after boasting this way of my tolerance, I come to the admission that it has alimit. Conduct may be founded on the hard rock or the wet marshes, but after a certain point I don’t care what it’s founded on. When I came back from the East last autumn I felt that I wanted the world to be in uniform and at a sort of moral attention forever; I wanted no more riotous excursions with privileged glimpses into the human heart. Only Gatsby was exempt from my reaction-----Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn. If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away. This responsiveness had nothing to do with that flabby impressionability which is dignified under the names of the “creative temperament”-----it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in many other person and which it is not likely if shall ever find again. No-----Gatsby turned out all right at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men.Part Two Translation(50)1.Translate the following passage into Chinese (25)Etiquette to society is what apparel is to the individual. Without apparel men would go in shameful nudity which would surely lead to the corruption of morals; and without etiquette society would be in a pitiable state and the necessary intercourse between its members would be interfered with by needless offences and troubles. If society were a train, the etiquette would be the rails along which only the train could rumble forth; if society were a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach could roll forward. The lack of proprieties would make the most intimate friends turn to be the most decided enemies and the friendly or allied countries declare war against each other. We can find many examples in the history of mankind. Therefore I advise you to stand on ceremony before anyone else and to take pains not to do anything against etiquette lest you give offences or make enemies.2 .Translate the following passage into English (25)在银幕上,她是一名观众熟悉的演员; 在文坛上,她又是一位享有盛誉的作家.演员---作家,这两种不同的身份,在她的身上融合得这样恰切,仿佛天生本就应该是这样.许多人想了解这其中有什么奥秘:有人说,多年的演员生活赋予她发达的形象思维;有人说,演员的多愁善感，使她富于感情细胞…因而，她的作品具有特殊的魅力。

1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析PartⅠCloze Test1.D2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.A10.DPartⅡReading ComprehensionPart APassage111.B12.C13.A14.DPassage215.A16.C17.D18.BPassage319.B20.D21.C22.APassage423.B24.C25.D26.APassage527.A28.B29.D30.APartⅢEnglish Chinese Translation31.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但是现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

32.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

33.在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

34.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

35.这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者则认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。

SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.见分析PartⅠCloze Test一、文章总体分析本文是围绕安全生产这个话题的一篇论证性文章。

第一段是安全生产的基本介绍：它不是新事物，而是企业制定并不断实施自己的安全计划以建立无事故工作氛围的做法。

第二段指出，成功有效的安全计划的侧重点各不相同，但都遵循某些基本的思想。

第三段强调安全生产对企业的意义：其价值是不可低估的，它决定了工厂的运营是盈利还是亏损。

二、试题具体解析1.［精解］本题考核的知识点是：介词的用法。

难度：0.36本题空格处的介词和low accident rates搭配成介词短语，做后置定语修饰companies。

1999 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Part I (略)Part II Cloze Test安全生产并不是偶然事件：事故发生率低的公司制定自己的安全计划，努力付诸实施，并且不断使之发挥持久效力。

如果这项工作做得好，就会建立一个无事故的工作氛围。

在这种环境里，因工伤损失的时间会被保持在最低限度。

成功的安全计划强调的重点可能大不相同。

有些计划强调机械防护。

另一些强调通过遵守规章制度来实施安全作业。

还有一些靠的是对工人的感情投人。

但是，要获得最好的效果，每一个计划当中都会遵循某些基本的思想。

安全计划的价值不容置疑。

单从财政的角度来说，安全计划花钱值得。

工伤索赔越少，工人的保险率也就越高。

这可能就决定着工厂的运营是盈利还是亏损。

Part ⅢReading ComprehensionPassage 1外面的世界是危险的。

出门时你可能在踏脚垫上滑倒摔断一条腿；点燃炉子你可能会烧毁自己的房屋。

幸运的是，如果踏脚垫和火炉这两种产品没有给出危险警告，你可能会赢得一场官司从而获得赔偿。

这种想法大约形成于20世纪80年代早期，从此法庭让越来越多的公司对消费者所遭受的不幸负责。

面对这样的情况，公司做出的反应是撰写冗长的警告标签，以预先标明种种可能发生的事故。

梯子上几英寸长的警告标签会告诉你——让人惊讶的是——你可能摔倒。

印在儿童的“蝙蝠侠”披肩上的标识语也告诫说，本玩具“不可能让使用者飞翔”。

虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的，警告药物有相互作用的危险，并且许多都是各州和联邦政府的法规所要求的，但是不清楚的是，当消费者受到伤害时，它们是否能保护制造商和销售商免除责任。

如果受到伤害的消费者将他们告上法庭，大约50%的公司会败诉。

现在这种情况仿佛正在发生变化。

个人受伤索赔的案子如从前一样开审，然而法庭开始站在被告一边，特别是在有警告标签也不能避免事故的情况下。

今年5月，伊利诺斯州Schutt体育用品公司总裁Julie Nimmons就打赢了一场官司，案件涉及一个橄榄球运动员戴着Schutt公司生产的头盔在比赛中受伤并导致了瘫痪。