COMPASS-WALCS-BASIC波浪载荷中文电子版

波浪荷载的计算理论波浪是发生在海洋表面的一种波动现象，其波动性质因受浅水区域海底地形影响和水深的变浅，发生波浪破碎现象，成为影响海岸侵蚀和变形以及海岸带污染物迁移与扩散的最主要的水动力环境之一。

破浪破碎与冲击现象对海上工程设施的安全也十分重要。

由于波浪破碎及冲击作用的机理极其复杂，至今仍然是海岸工程领域没有解决的困难课题之一。

因此，开展近海波浪破碎与冲击过程数值模型的研究，就有着重要的理论意义和工程意义。

波浪荷载,也称波浪力，是波浪对港口码头和海洋平台等结构所产生的作用。

目前按绕射理论进行分析。

波浪对结构物的作用由四部分组成：水流粘滞性所引起的摩阻力（与水质点速度平方成正比）；不恒定水流的惯性或结构物在水流中作变速运动所产生的附加质量力（与波浪中水质点加速度成正比）；结构物的存在对入射波浪流动场的辐射作用所产生的压力和结构物运动对入射波浪流动场的辐射作用所引起的压力。

包括上述全部作用影响的波浪力理论称为绕射理论。

在目前实际工作中，常用只考虑了结构受到波浪摩阻力和质量力影响的半经验半理论的莫里森方程分析波浪力。

波浪荷载是由波浪水质点与结构间的相对运动所引起的。

波浪是一随机性运动，很难在数学上精确描述。

当结构构件（部件）的直径小于波长的20％时，波浪荷载的计算通常用半经验半理论的美国莫里森方程；大于波长的20％时，应考虑结构对入射波场的影响,考虑入射波的绕射,计算时用绕射理论求解。

影响波浪荷载大小的因素很多，如波高、波浪周期、水深、结构尺寸和形状、群桩的相互干扰和遮蔽作用以及海生物附着等。

波浪荷载常用特征波法和谱分析法确定。

对一些特殊形状或特别重要的海洋工程结构，除了用上述的方法进行计算分析外，还应进行物理模型试验，以确定波浪力。

①特征波法。

选用某一特征波作为单一的规则波，并以它的参数（有效波高、波浪周期、水深）和结构的有关尺寸代入莫里森方程或绕射理论的公式，求出作用在结构上的波浪力。

此法简便易行，在海洋工程设计广泛应用。

哈尔滨工程大学科技成果——船舶与海洋工程波浪载荷计算软件（COMPASS-WALCS）项目概述
船舶与海洋工程波浪载荷计算软件系统（简称COMPASS-WALCS）是由哈尔滨工程大学与中国船级社联合开发的三维波浪载荷计算软件系统，已向业界正式发布，并成为中国船级社的法定审图软件。

该软件的发行标志着我国首次拥有了具有完全自主知识产权的浮体波浪载荷计算商业软件。

软件共有五个模块组成，可进行船舶与海洋工程运动与波浪载荷计算、大型舰船的弹振与颤振响应水弹性分析、平台与系泊系统耦合分析以及高速舰船非线性运动与波浪载荷预报。

经过近二十年的理论研究，COMPASS-WALCS软件系统已具有较高的技术成熟度。

通过与国际同类软件和模型试验的对比验证，证明该软件整体已达到国际先进水平，部分处于国际领先地位。

目前该软件在中国船级社各研发部门与审图部门、中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇一研究所、中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所、中船重工船舶设计研究中心有限公司、大连船舶重工集团有限公司、中国船舶工业集团公司第七〇八研究所、上海外高桥造船有限公司、上海交通大学等五十余家单位（130多个用户）得到使用，并在国家重点研发计划、工信部超大型集装箱船重大专项、第七代平台重大专项以及三体船波浪载荷预报与结构响应分析技术研究项目中得到应用，具有广泛应用前景。

项目成熟情况
COMPASS-WALCS软件已商业化推广，并在实际工程项目中得到应用，技术成熟度达到7级以上。

应用范围
COMPASS-WALCS是一款功能高度集成的软件系统，具有船舶与海洋平台运动与载荷响应计算、长短期统计分析、结构分析载荷计算和有限元结构模型自动加载一体化处理功能，可应用于船舶与海洋工程的船型开发、结构设计与优化、强度评估等方面。

共 19 页平台波浪力计算书二、平台基本数据和环境条件平台主尺度：长57.75 m，宽34.5 m，型深5 m桩腿尺度：Φ2.3*45 m桩腿间距：横向28.5 m 纵向44.55 m基线距海底：28.5 m设计水深：d = 20 m最大天文潮高：d t= 4 m最大波高：H = 6.5 m波浪周期：T = 7.0 ~ 13.0S最大流速：U = 1.5 m/S最大风速：V = 41.15 m/S作业工况波高：H1= 4 m作业工况风速：V1 = 25.8 m/S迁航波高：H C = 4 m迁航航速：V C = 4 knot迁航时桩腿在基线下：0.75m (Min.)图1 荷载方向三、自存工况(一)波浪荷载和海流荷载1．计算原理因为桩腿的直径和波长之比小于0.2，桩腿所受的波浪与海流荷载按Morison公式进行计算，单根桩腿单位长度所受的波流力为：F W＝F D＋F I (1)＝C d×ρ×D×| U|×U/2＋C m×ρ×π×D2/4×a＝C d×ρ×D×( | u＋v| )×( u＋v )/2＋C m×ρ×π×D2/4×a式中: F W ＝波流力，N。

F D＝阻力，N。

F I＝惯性力，N。

ρ＝海水密度。

ρ=1. 025*103 kg/m3。

C d＝垂直于构件轴线的阻力系数。

按照规范规定取值为1.0。

C m ＝惯性力系数。

按照规范规定取值为2.0 。

D ＝构件的直径。

D =2.3m 。

U ＝垂直于构件轴线的水质点相对于构件的总速度分量，m/s 。

u ＝垂直于构件轴线的波浪引起的水质点相对于构件的速度分量，m/s 。

v ＝垂直于构件轴线的海流引起的水质点速度分量。

计算中海流的方 向取和波浪相同的方向，v = 1.5m/s 。

a ＝垂直于构件轴线的水质点相对于构件的加速度分量，m/s 2。

第21卷第4期装备环境工程2024年4月EQUIPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING·109·某海域极端环境下15万吨级FPSO波浪荷载数值研究刘中柏1，高宁波2*，唐鑫彤3，徐业峻1（1.中海油能源发展股份有限公司采油深圳分公司，广东 深圳 518052；2.武汉船舶职业技术学院，武汉 430050；3.中国船级社海工技术中心，天津 300457）摘要：目的评估在役15万吨级FPSO在某海域百年一遇极端波浪作用下典型横剖面的水动力特性，进而得到FPSO的极值荷载，作为FPSO返坞改造的关键控制参数。

方法基于国产自主三维频域线性势流软件COMPASS-WALCS，建立15万吨级FPSO湿表面网格模型，根据三维绕射-辐射理论，计算湿表面上的水动力荷载，将每个绕射单元上的水动压力直接映射到结构模型上进行计算。

采用谱分析方法对百年一遇海况进行分析，得到短期运动极值响应。

对响应幅值算子（RAO）和波能谱密度进行谱分析，得到极端波浪下的响应谱，进而得到浮体运动和波浪荷载短期预报各种统计值，利用统计方法求得短期响应的最大值。

结果计算了船中部Fr143横剖面的载荷极值，即垂向弯矩、垂向剪力、剖面型心加速度等，发现船舶迎浪时弯矩值最大，随着浪向角增大，弯矩值逐渐减小，剖面垂向剪力则随着浪向角增大逐渐增大。

结论 FPSO 在极端波浪作用下，其大迎浪角条件下荷载更加危险，需要给予格外关注。

关键词：浮式生产储卸油装置；势流理论；极端波浪；响应幅值算子；水平弯矩；加速度中图分类号：TG630 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-9242(2024)04-0109-07DOI：10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2024.04.013Wave Loads of a 150 000-ton FPSO in Extreme Environment of a Sea AreaLIU Zhongbai1, GAO Ningbo2*, TANG Xintong3, XU Yejun1(1. CNOOC Energy Technology & Service-Oil Production Services Co., Guangdong Shenzhen 518052, China;2. Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Wuhan 430050, China;3. China Classification SocietyOcean Engineering Technology Center, Tianjin 300457, China)ABSTRACT: The work aims to evaluate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a typical cross section of a 150 000-ton FPSO un-der extreme wave conditions, occurring in a once-in-a-century wave climate in the South China Sea to obtain the extreme load imposed on the FPSO and use it as a critical control parameter for the FPSO’s dry-dock retrofit. Based on the domestically de-veloped 3D frequency-domain linear potential flow software COMPASS-WALCS, a wet surface grid model of the 150 000-ton FPSO was constructed. The three-dimensional diffraction-radiation theory was used to calculate the hydrodynamic loads on wet收稿日期：2024-03-05；修订日期：2024-04-01Received：2024-03-05；Revised：2024-04-01基金项目：中国博士后科学基金（2017M612541）Fund：China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M612541)引文格式：刘中柏, 高宁波, 唐鑫彤, 等. 某海域极端环境下15w吨级FPSO波浪荷载数值研究[J]. 装备环境工程, 2024, 21(4): 109-115. LIU Zhongbai, GAO Ningbo, TANG Xintong, et al.Wave Loads of a 150,000-ton FPSO in Extreme Environment of a Sea Area[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2024, 21(4): 109-115.*通信作者（Corresponding author）·110·装备环境工程 2024年4月surface and the water pressure results on each diffraction unit were directly mapped onto the structural model for computation.Spectral analysis was employed to analyze the once-in-a-century wave climate resulting in short-term extreme motion responses.By analyzing the response amplitude operator (RAO) and wave energy spectral density, the response spectrum under extreme waves was obtained to predict various statistical values for the short-term vessel motion and wave loads. Statistical method was used to determine the maximum short-term response. The extreme load values of Fr143 cross section in the middle of the ship, namely vertical bending moment, vertical shear force and profile center acceleration, were calculated. It was found that the bending moment of the ship was the largest when facing the wave, and the bending moment gradually decreased with the in-crease of the wave angle, while the vertical shear force of the cross section gradually increased with the increase of the wave an-gle. It can be concluded that the FPSO experiences more hazardous loads when facing extreme waves at large wave angles which require special attention and consideration.KEY WORDS: FPSO; potential theory; extreme wave; RAO; horizontal bending moment; acceleration海上油气开采是海洋经济的重要组成部分，其依赖于各种海洋平台完成油气钻探和生产作业。

Waves TorqueUser GuideIntroductionA mistuned drum, snare, or other percussion instrument can spoil a mix. You can’t really hide an instrument that’s leading the rhythm; you just have to fix it. Whether onstage or in the studio, each individual drum must be tuned, or “torqued,” before a performance to accommodate a specific song or an entire project. A drum track that’s already recorded poses yet more challenges, since there’s no opportunity to change the tonality of drums acoustically. Usually, there are two ways to get the tone right: (1) replace the drum tracks or (2) pitch shift them. Replacing tracks with properly tuned drum notes, whether natural or sampled, is time consuming. Pitch shifting can correct the drum’s pitch, but it may introduce artifacts and destroy the character of the sound—removing the properties that make a drum sound like a drum. What we need is the flexibility of pitch shifting with the solid sound of alternate takes. That’s precisely what Waves Torque does.Torque is a tool that lets you change the tone of a drum track accurately, without the artifacts of traditional pitch shifting plugins. It uses a new Waves technology—Organic ReSynthesis—that breaks sound into basic elements (e.g. pitch, formant, amplitude, carrier, etc.) before processing takes place. When one of these elements is manipulated, the others are unchanged and are used to re-synthesize the modified element. The result is smooth, glitch-free formant shifting that stands in contrast with pitch shifting processors. Through Organic Reprocessing, transients maintain their snap and tonal integrity. This lets you change the tonality of acoustic or electronic drum hits, samples, loops or breaks flawlessly, while maintaining the timbre, duration, and natural resonance of the original sound.In certain cases, a drum may need to be re-tuned to suit a specific song. This is impracticable to accomplish in the real world. But Torque lets you create the drum tones you need, save the settings as presets, and recall them during aconcert or studio session.Quick StartUsing Torque is largely intuitive and musical. There are many ways to obtain good results. But before you set off on your own, we suggest you follow this example:1.The Focus control section occupies the top part of the interface. Use this to locate the most significant resonatepart of the drum sound, usually the fundamental or a harmonic. These are the frequencies where you want tocenter the tone shift. Slide the highlighted focus area and place its center on the peak with the greatestresonance. Click the Monitor button (the speaker icon in the Focus area) to isolate the frequency that you’relistening to. This makes it considerably easier to find the drum’s resonant sound. Listen for the frequency area where you have the clearest tone possible2.The Focus Display is a formant analyzer that helps you to find the resonate peaks in the signal. There will likelybe more than one peak to choose from. Experiment and you will discover how this choice influences tone shifting.e the Threshold fader to adjust the part of the signal that will be processed. When the gain is appropriate, thefader LED glows yellow. Signals that are too low or too high can cause unwanted results: too low, and some of the signal will be left out of the process (remain in original tone); too high, and you may encounter artifacts.4.Adjust the Torque control to apply the desired tone shift. Listen to the tone shift in context of the song until you getthe results you want. Please note: sometimes the best tone shift will happen on the second harmonic of thefundamental note of your drum. For example, if you find the loudest tone on the snare drum to be 196 Hz (a G3), try focusing on 392 Hz as this may work better.5.If you hear too much of the tone shift process, try decreasing the Torque Speed time. This governs the attack andrelease times.6.If you are not hearing enough of the shift process, try lowering the Threshold. Only sounds above the thresholdare processed. We recommend that you start with a threshold between -40 and -70.7.In some cases, especially when shifting down, excessive resonant energy can build up. Lower the Torque Trimcontrol to contain it.e the Output Gain control to compensate for level changes that may occur during processing.Components and InterfaceThere are four Torque components:•Torque Mono•Toque StereoThese components have latency as determined by the sample rate:44.1kHz / 48kHz: 32 samples88.2kHz / 96kHz: 64 samples176.2kHz / 192kHz: 128 samplesThey are phase coherent.•Torque Live Mono•Torque Live StereoThe Live components have zero samples of latency and are not phase coherent.All components have identical controls and functionality.WaveSystem ToolbarUse the bar at the top of the plugin to save and load presets, compare settings, undo and redo steps, and resize theplugin. To learn more, click the icon at the upper-right corner of the window and open the WaveSystem Guide.Input SectionInput MeterRange: -48 dBFS–0 dBFSThreshold SectionThe Threshold control sets the level above which tuning takes place, and below which the signal willreturn to the original. Use this control if, for example, you’re working on an overhead track and you needto isolate a snare that you want to retune from a high hat that you don't want to retune. Since these twoinstruments have naturally differing gains, the Threshold control can help to isolate the louder (e.g., thesnare) for processing.Range: -70 dBFS–0 dBFSDefault: -48 dBFSReset: -48 dBFSThreshold LEDThe Threshold LED indicates how hot the signal is hitting the processor.Green: Too low for sufficient detection resolutionYellow: Nominal levelRed: Too hot; might produce unwanted artifactsRange: On (dim other frequencies) or Off (dimming defeated)Default: OffA selected control is highlighted yellow.Focus SectionThe Focus section is used to locate the part of the frequency spectrum in which tone shifting will occur.Focus DisplayThe Focus Display is a formant analyzer that displays the formant energy of the input signal acroos the frequency spectrum. It is used to help locate the Focus frequency, which is the frequency around which tone shifting will occur.Focus AreaThe grey Focus area is a frequency band for formant adjustments. It helps the algorithm to “focus” on the correct frequency area from which to extract the formant. Sweep up and down the sound spectrum in order to locate the fundamental tone (which is usually the loudest energy peak) of the drum track.Default: 229 Hz Reset: 166 HzFocus AreaMonitor ButtonFocus Display(resonant peak) Focus Value DisplayPlease noteSometimes it’s not obvious where to set the Focus frequency. The best Focus frequency for a kick drum might, for example, be in the area of 900 Hz, which is probably not what you’re expecting. It’s best to experiment when setting the Focus.Monitor ButtonThe Monitor button is the loudspeaker icon within the Focus Area. Touching this button sends the monitor chain through a bandpass filter that isolates the selected frequency range. This makes it considerably easier to find the desired formant frequency.Range: On (blue: dim other frequencies) or Off (yellow: no dimming)Default: OffFocus Value Displa yThe Focus Frequency Display is beneath the Monitor Button. Values are shown in both frequency and note signature.Range: 98 Hz–988 Hz; G2–B5This section is where Torque tone-change processing is controlled.This action mostly affects the frequencies around theFocus setting. So if Torque is not correcting tone asexpected, re-adjust the Focus setting.The amount of offset is displayed on the knob in cents.Range: ±1200 centsReset: 0 centsTorque Speed affects the time-constant qualities of theTorque process. Longer Speed settings often yieldsmoother attacks and releases, while shorter settingsusually result in a quicker formant shift.Range: 5 ms–50 msReset: 20 msThe Torque Trim sets the level of the shifted process (i.e., the processed section of the signal only) with respect to the unprocessed signal. Increasing the Trim setting results in a thicker torque sound, while lower levels produce a thinner torque sound. This control is especially useful when you lower a drum’s pitch, since a lower pitch can result in a loud, boomy sound. Reducing the Trim value will reduce this boom.Range: -6 dB to 6 dBReset: 0 dBThis section is used to control plugin output level and to compensate for gain changes during processing.Output FaderReset: 0 dBOutput MeterRange: -48 dBFS – 0 dB dBFSThe Peak/Clip indicator is displayed beneath the meter. Click on the meter to clear it.。

waves 效果器全套中英文说对照表99个英文中文01.Prologue 12:42 加载方法02.API-2500 09:06 压缩处理03.API-550A 09:04 均衡处理04.API-550B 05:29 均衡处理05.API-560 03:20 均衡处理06.AudioTrack 09:50 多重效果07.C1 Comp 04:16 压缩处理08.C1 Comp-Gate 12:33 压缩+门限09.C1 Comp-Sc 18:00 侧链压缩10.C1 Gate 07:14 门限处理11.C4 13:14 多段动态12.DeEsser 03:44 齿音消除13.Doppler 04:48 声场调整14.Doubler 12:32 合唱效果15.Enigma 09:36 迷幻效果16.IDR 01:45 抖动处理17.L1-Ultramaximizer 02:54 母带处理18.L1-Ultramaximizer+ 03:49 母带处理19.L2 02:52 母带处理20.L3-MultiMaximizer 11:56 母带处理21.L3-UltraMaximizer 03:38 母带处理22.LinEq Broadband 05:40 均衡处理23.LinMB 08:57 多段动态24.MaxxBass 03:59 泛音处理25.MetaFlanger 06:40 镶边效果26.MondoMod 09:15 调制效果27.Morphoder 07:18 声码效果28.PAZ Analyzer 11:36 综合分析仪29.PAZ Frequency 15:31 频谱仪30.PAZ Meters 12:10 电平表31.PAZ Position 11:16 声场仪32.Qx-Paragraphic EQ 21:07 均衡处理33.RBass 05:22 泛音处理34.RChannel 09:23 多重效果35.RComp 18:11 压缩处理36.RDeEsser 04:32 齿音消除37.REQ bands 04:43 均衡处理38.RVerb 26:39 卷积混响39.RVox 04:00 压缩处理40.S1-Imager 07:23 立体声扩展41.S1-Shuffler 07:32 立体声扩展42.SoundShifter G Offline 08:11 变速变调43.SoundShifter P 03:26 变调处理44.SoundShifter P Offline 07:11 变速变调45.SSLChannel 36:49 通道条46.SSLComp 06:24 压缩处理47.SSLEQ 07:19 均衡处理48.SuperTap 24:43 延迟处理49.TransX 08:09 瞬间电平控制50.TrueVerb 19:11 模拟混响51.UltraPitch 07:55 自动和声52.X-Click 03:36 去咔哒声53.X-Crackle 03:40 去噼啪声54.X-Hum 06:13 滤波降噪55.X-Noise 10:45 采样降噪56.Z-Noise 12:24 采样降噪57.DeBreath 06:09 去呼吸声58.Tune 01 22:22 音高修正（上）59.Tune 02 16:11 音高修正（中）60.Tune 03 18:07 音高修正（下）WAVES HELP第一种效果：AudioTrack(音频轨）它是针对通常我们见到的普通的音轨的，综合了4段EQ均衡、压缩、噪声门三种效果器。