with复合结构

with复合结构

1.with复合结构的构成

with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语､过去分词､现在分词､形容词､动词不定式､副词｡且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系｡

1)with+宾语+介词短语

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

He lay in bed with his head covered.

You should go to sleep with the light turned off.你应该把灯熄了再睡｡

3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)

With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes.

The Yangtze River is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌｡

The young woman, with a baby sleeping in her arms, was wandering in the street.那位年轻妇女,怀抱一个熟睡的婴儿,漫步在大街上｡

4)with+宾语+to do(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.

With so many essays to write, he won’t have time to go shopping this morning.他有那么多文章要写,今天没有时间去买东西｡

With the dictionary to help him, he tried to finish reading the story-book.借助词典,他试着把这本书读完

试比较：

With so many problems to solve, the manager will have a hard time. (有这么多问题要解决，经理的日子将很难熬。)

With the problems solved, the manager will go on a vacation. （这些问题已经解决了，经理将去度假。）

5)with+宾语+形容词/副词

With the door open, the noise of the machine is almost deafening.由于门开着,机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋｡

With the floor wet, I had to stay outside.由于地板潮湿,我只得呆在屋外｡

With her sister out, she had to stay at home alone.因为她的姐姐出去了,她只得独自呆在家里｡

Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. Anderson衣服一件没脱，躺在床上。

2.with复合结构的作用 with复合结构在句子中作状语,表示原因､时间､条件､伴随､方式等｡请阅读下面的句子｡

1)We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.(作伴随状语)

2)She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.(作原因状语)

3)He lay in bed with his head covered.(作方式状语)

4)Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.(作伴随状语)

5)I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.(作原因状语)

6)He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.(作方式状语)

7)He entered the room with his nose red with cold.他进屋来了,鼻子都冻红了｡ (作补充状语)

注:with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语｡

1)There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.(作定语修饰letter)

2) The woman with a baby in her arms is Li Ping’s mother.抱小孩的那个妇女是李平的母亲｡

要注意的是,在with的复合结构中,with大都无含义,译成汉语时往往省略｡但如果是without复合结构,就一定译出来,因为without有否定意义｡如:

1).Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.可能这个人去世后,无人知道这批硬币藏于何处｡

2).Without anyone to talk to the whole afternoon, he felt very lonely.整个下午他没有人可以交谈,他感到很寂寞｡

练习1:请选择最佳答案

1) With nothing_______to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.

A.leaving B.left C.leave D.to leave

2) The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.

A.fixing B.fixed C.to be fixing D.to be fixed

3) I live in the house with its door_________to the south.

A.facing B.faces C.faced D.being faced

4) They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.

A.burn B.burnt C.burning D.to burn

练习2:用with复合结构完成下列句子

1)_____________________(有很多工作要做),I couldn't go to see the doctor.

2)She sat________________________________(低着头).

3)The day was bright________________________.(微风吹拂)

4)_________________________(心存梦想), he went to Hollywood.

练习3:把下列句子中的划线部分改写成with复合结构｡

1) Because our lessons were over, we went to play football.

2) The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands. 3) My mother is ill, so I won't be able to go on holiday.

4) An exam will be held tomorrow, so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.

答案及分析

练习1:

1)答案是B｡with的宾语nothing和动词leave是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语｡

2)答案是B｡短语fix one's eyes on sth是“盯着……看”的意思,her eyes和动词fix是被动关系,所以用过去分词｡

3)答案是A｡face“朝､向”,是不及物动词,所以和its door是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式｡

4)答案是C｡burn“点燃､发亮､发光”,是不及物动词,所以和their lights是主动关系,所以用现在分词｡

练习2:

1)With a lot of work to do 2)with her head bent 3)with a fresh breeze blowing 4)With a

dream in heart

练习3:

1)With our lessons over ,we went to play football.

2)The children came running towards us with the flowers in their hands.

3)With my mother being ill, I won't be able to go on holiday.

4)With the exam to be held tomorrow, I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.