清华大学博士生入学考试备考指南——词汇答案

清华大学考博英语真题复习备考重点词汇汇总make a/the difference有影响，很重要carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用put into effect实行，生效come/go into effect生效，实施take effect生效，起作用catch one’s eye引人注目keep an eye on留意，照看make faces做鬼脸find fault埋怨，挑剔catch fire着火需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

come/go into force生效，实施make friends交朋友，友好相处be friends with对……友好，与……交上朋友make fun of取笑，嘲弄keep one’s head保持镇静lose one’s head不知所措lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心get/learn by heart记住，背诵get hold of抓住，掌握keep house管理家务，做家务throw/cast light on使明白，阐明bear/keep in mind记住have in mind记住，考虑到，想到make up one’s mind下决心come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转put in order整理，检修keep/hold pace with跟上，与……同步play a part起作用take place发生，进行take the place of代替come to the point说到要点，扼要地说bring/carry into practice实施，实行make progress进步，进展give rise to引起，使发生make sense讲得通，有意义catch the sight of发现，突然看见(go)on the stage当演员take one’s time不急不忙，从容进行keep in touch保持联系keep track通晓事态，注意动向lose track失去联系make use of利用put to use使用，利用give way让路，让步lead the way带路，引路make one’s way前进，进行make way让路，开路keep one’s word遵守诺言act on作用appeal to呼吁，要求attempt at企图，努力attitude to/towards态度，看法a great/good deal of大量(的)，许多(的) influence on影响interference in干涉interference with妨碍，打扰introduce to介绍a lot(of)许多(的)，大量(的)lots of大量，很多fall in love with相爱，爱上a matter of(关于……)的问题a number of若干，许多reply to回答，答复a series of一系列，一连串其他固定搭配trolley bus无轨电车I.D.card身份证credit card信用卡no doubt无疑，必定next door隔壁out of doors在户外face to face面对面地as a matter of fact实际情况，真相a few有些，几个quite a few还不少，有相当数目的a little一点，稍微，一些，少许little by little逐渐地quite a little相当多，不少no matter无论the moment(that)一……就no more不再fair play公平竞赛;公平对待in demand有需要，销路好rest room厕所，盥洗室primary school小学side by side肩并肩，一个挨一个heart and soul全心全意step by step逐步ahead of time提前all the time一直，始终once upon a time从前once in a while偶尔，有时no wonder难怪，怪不得word for word逐字地decline with thanks婉言谢绝本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

清华大学考博英语必备核心词汇大多数院校在研究生入学考试复试阶段会考察初试中未考察到的考生英语听力能力，其中很大一部分院校会采用大学英语六级听力试题或雅思和旧托福的听力试题进行测试，这些试题中都会涉及到对话，这就要求考生对常考对话中的高频词汇熟练掌握，在本文中我们为大家总结了最常考的学校、工作和银行场景词汇，希望大家熟记背诵。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

一、学校场景1、课程major---专业course---课程intensive course---集训课程distance education units远程教育课程course duration---课程时长lecture---讲座、大课tutorial---小课session---学期timetable---课表a timetable clash---时间冲突credit points---学分core subjects---核心课程elective/optional/selective subject---选修课mandatorysubject---必修课syllabus---教学大纲textbook---课本lecture notes---讲义internship---实习practicum---实践课seminar---研讨会academic year---学年exemption---免修commencement date---开学日期2、申请application form---申请表applicant---申请人register---注册enrolment---登记Letter of Recommendation---推荐信Letter of Offer---录取通知Letter of Conditional Offer---有条件录取通知deadline---截止日期scholarship---奖学金orientation week---入学周3、考试和论文placement text—入学分级测试midterm exam---期中考试final exam---期末考试essay---小论文paper/thesis/dissertation---大论文supervisor---指导老师proposal---开题报告literature review---文献综述handouts---老师发给学生的印制讲义journal---周记extension---延期attendance rate---出勤率questionnaire---调查问卷hypothesis---假设plagiarism---剽窃assignment/task---作业qualification---资质case study---案例分析student number---学号academic record---成绩单4、图书馆information desk---问询处available---可借到reserve---预订due day---到期日renew---续借computing facilities---电脑设备study spaces---学习区student ID---学生证journal---期刊brochure/manual---手册overdue---超期fine---罚款index---索引category---分类catalogue---目录二、工作场景reception desk---前台resume/CV---简历cover letter---求职信fulltime job---全职工作part-time job---兼职工作casual job---临时工作interview---面试interviewer---面试官interviewee---面试者vacancy---空缺职位educational background---教育背景work experience---工作经历promotion---晋升labor contract---劳动合同quit---辞职certificate---证书三、银行场景savings account---储蓄账户credit account---信用账户checking account---支票账户deposit---存款withdraw---取款joint account---联名账户debit card---借记卡credit card---信用卡cheque book---支票簿interest rate---利率exchange rate---汇率NetBank---网银term deposit---定期存款mortgage---按揭home loan---住房贷款annual fee---年费interest-free repayment period---无息还款期credit limit---信贷限额traveler’s check---旅行支票cash cheque---现金支票personal loan---个人贷款transaction---转账branch---分行本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part ⅡVocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he wouldarrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a__________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy asmaller space, the air is said tobe__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by InternationalDevelopment Enterprises uses pipesto collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a-flush”device two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “firstmade of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.device. It protects the water inside the tank fromA fitted cover sits over the “first-flush”evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside anotherplastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank.All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two tothree years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family offive with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railwaytrain up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaningof the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, heloses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving thisco-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles isany indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves aser.“Jewish” when they get oldThat survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixeda professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which marriage families.” Linda Sax iswas conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identityspecifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point whyin-depth about their feelings about their that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get morereligion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with thatin mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's anexperience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy shouldguarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, saysMancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at theUniversity of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, butOlson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth.comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countriesdo not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, relymostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as themass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is oftencalled capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not haverights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,individuals may have possessions, theargues. “There is no private property without government—way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends aprivate right to that possession against other private parties and against the government aswell.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system thatwill make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developednations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bankwould not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loancontracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communistcountries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods producedrather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point ofview, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of thesecountries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to刺generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at leastsome economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart ⅣCloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But forthe people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and theydo not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy.I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was thesort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bedimmediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such71. A. treat together well B. pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well together72. A. him a single word B. him not one wordC. a single word to himD. not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself D. myself up74. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like thatC. as I did soD. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no oneC. It was anyoneD. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lockC. remind lockingD. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumpedC. must have jumpedD. could be jumpedPart ⅤWriting (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the t itle of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Lif e and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

清华大学考博复习资料1．Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.Ban /abolish /abort /cancel /cross out /wipe out /put off /delayDesert /forsake /leave /cease /depart /discard / relinquish /surrender /quit /withdraw /give up （24）*Abandon oneself to 沉湎于，放纵（感情）*ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事*Cancel sth out 抵消*Cross out 划掉，勾掉（错误的内容）Cross sb’s mind （注意、想法等）闪现，掠过Cross sth off 划掉，删去（已处理过或不再需要的东西）*wipe out 磨灭表示放弃、取消等意思的时候一定是ing形式Wipe sth down （用湿布）把（表面）擦干净Wipe sth up （用布）擦净*put up with 忍耐容忍（讨厌的人或事）Put up 建造（房屋）搭起（帐篷）；Put sth up 1、张贴（布告等）；2、抬高，提高（价格等）；3、出卖；Put sb up 为…提供食宿；Put sb up to 纵容，鼓动，教唆*Put out 熄灭；使不安，激怒；Put sth out 出版，发布；Put oneself out 自找麻烦put an end to = stop it 停止做某事put the blame on 归罪于put to death 处死put it right 改正put paid to 毁坏，破坏，结束Put sth about 散布（谣言等）Put sth across/over 解释，说明；清楚地表达自己的意思Put sth aside 1、把（某事）撇开不理，不考虑；2、（为特殊目的）而储蓄；3、放下（手里的活）；4、留出（一段时间）Put sth away 把…收起来；储存Put sb /sth down 1、一再当众批评（某人）；2、付（订金）；3、写下，记下；4、宰杀；5、镇压（革命、反叛等），击败；6、着陆；7、贬低羞辱；8、～as （没有充分根据就）认为（某人）是…；9、～for 把（某人）登记在参加者的名单上，登记注册；10、*～to把…归因于Put sth forth (树)长出叶子Put (sb./sth.) forward 1、提出（计划、建议等）；2、将…提前；3、向前拨；Put in 1、安装（设备）；2、花费（时间作某事）；3、插话；4、提交提出（要求）；5、选举；6、（船）进港；Put in for 提出正式要求Put into 把…加进加上；（船）进港*Put sb /sth off 1、推迟延期；2、搪塞，敷衍，推诿；3、阻止，劝阻；*Put sb off sth 阻止, 使气馁Put sb /sth on 1、穿上，戴上；2、打开（灯或电器装置）；3、播放；4、装出，假装；5、增加，提高；6、上演演出；7、提供；8、欺骗，哄骗；9、增加；Put (sb.) onto 提供关于…的信息Put through 把（电话）接通；Put sth through使（某人）做（不愉快或困难的事）；做成完成（一件工作）Put sb through 使经历，使经受*Put to 1、向…提问，向…提议；2、Put sb /sth to sth 使经受…考验；3、Put sb to sth 使处于…状态Put together 形成一个团体；合在一起；使构成整体Desert /forsake*Delay doing sth 推迟，延期leave over 剩下的，狼藉的样子；Leave sth to sb 教某人做某事leave off 忘记某人Leave sb/sth out 忽略，遗漏Leave it at that 到此为止Leave go/hold of 松开，放开Leave for 去哪里cease*depart from 背离，违反（惯例、传统等）*discard v. 扔掉，弃置*Surrender to sb /sth 投降、听任某物摆布get out：走出去；滚；get away with 胜利逃脱；做了（坏事）而未受惩罚Get away To escape （从犯罪现场）脱身bug outget through 1、to reach someone, esp. by telephone （尤指通过电话）与某人取得联系；2、to (cause to) be understand by sb. （使）某人理解；3、to(cause to) successfully to the end of （使）成功，（使）完成Get across To (cause to) be understand (esp. by a large group) （使）被理解（尤指一大群人）Get ahead To advance (beyond someone or sth) 前进，进步（超越某人或某事）Get along 1、Leave, move away 走开离开；2、go well 进展顺利进行；3、to continue (often in spite of difficult) （常指不顾困难）继续下去; 4、= get on 相处得好合得来Get around/round to find time 找到时间，有时间（做某事）Get back 1、To return, esp. go home 回去回家；2、重新掌权；3、～at someone 报复反击Get by To continue one’s way of life 度日，过活；to be good enough but not bad 尚好，过得去Get down 1、艰难咽下；2、写下，记下；3、（get sb. down）使紧张，使难过Get down to 开始认真对待Get in 1、到达，进入，进去（交通工具）；2、（get sb. in）请人（到家里）帮忙；3、插话；4、to take part in 参与Get into 同get in；(get sb. Into sth) 使…陷入困境up the creek；to learn or become accustomed to 学会，熟悉，习惯于Get off 离开；下（交通工具）；逃脱惩罚Get on 1、同get along；2、变迟，变老；3、继续（常指在中断之后）；4、取得成功；5、坐上，骑上；6、登上；Get on for（时间、年龄、距离等的）接近Get onto (无被动语态) 交谈，写信，联系，接触；查出识破某人的骗局；开始谈论，着手干Get out of 1、逃避责任；2、能够停止或摆脱；3、逼出；4、to gain from 从…得到Get over 完成，结束（一般指不愉快的事）；复原，恢复（健康、快乐等）；Get around 钻空子，利用…漏洞；说服某人Get together 集会，聚会；Get up 起床；（风，火等）增强，加剧；数量增大；Get up to 到达To reachbe given to 喜欢Give sb /sth away 1、赠送（礼物）颁发（奖品）；2、表露，流露；3、泄露（秘密）；4、（因做蠢事）丧失，丢失；5、（在婚礼上）将新娘交给新郎；Give sb Back sth 1、归还，恢复；2、使（某人）恢复（品质、能力和特点）Give in 1、屈服，让步；2、呈上，交上；Give of 献出（自身或某物）以帮助他人Give off 发出，放出（气体、气味等）Give out 分发；用完，用尽Give over 停止*Give up 放弃，停止；停止尝试；认为没救了；投案2．Abide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (Abide /observe /discover /adapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last /endure / continue /persist /remain /stay (10)*Abide by遵守（法律）、信守（协议）*observe sb doing sth 看到，注意到discover*Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合Be well adapted to 特别适应Adapt (+for) 改造，改装*at (long) last 最终，终于endure / continue*persist in (doing) 坚持，执意*stay on （在通常的时间以后）继续留下工作（学习）3．You have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast up /catch up with /go along with /fit in with（4）Keep abreast of 了解…的最新情况*catch on 1、开始变得流行；2、理解，开始明白Catch sight of 一时见到，注意到catch (sb) out 1、使某人措手不及；2、发觉某人的错误catch sb doing 当场抓住*catch up 1、赶上拉平；2、～with 追上，超过；3、～on 补做（工作）；catch up in 被卷入，被牵涉Catch at 尽力抓住*Go off 1、爆炸，铃声大作；2、（机器）停止运转；3、进行得（成功或失败）；4、变质，（食物）变坏；5、go off (sb./sth.) 失去兴趣，不再喜欢；6、入睡，失去知觉；停止进行；*go off with 携…潜逃，带…私奔；Go about (sth.) 着手，开始工作；从事Go after (sb /sth) 追逐，追求；设法获得Go against (sb /sth) 1、违反，违背，反对；2、不利于；3、与…不符go ahead 1、开始，继续；2、先走Go along 继续；赞同，支持*Go along with 同意，赞成，支持Go around /round 1、经常做某事（尤指不赞成的事）；2、通常（穿着），习惯于；3、（疾病）传播，流行；4、（与某人一起）在公共场所露面；5、足够分配；6、转动，旋转Go at/for (sb.) 1、（无被动）袭击；2、攻击，打击；Go away 1、离开，走开；2、外出Go back 1、返回，回复；2、、追溯到Go back on (sth.) 食言，毁约Go by 1、过去，经过（时间或地点）；2、（无被动）依照…做，遵守；3、根据…做判断go by the name of 称为go down 1、下楼；2、（质量、标准等）下降，降低；3、下沉；4、消肿；5、被接受；被记录下来；6、到达，延伸到；7、往南去；8、输了（比赛），降级；9、（计算机）暂停运转，死机；10、（灯光）暗下来；11、～with 感染上（传染病）go far 有成就，成功；满足许多需要go too far 太过分Go for sb /sth 1、去参加某种活动2、攻击，抨击；3、争取得到；4、同Go at/for (sb.)；喜欢，被…吸引；5、同Go after (sb./sth.)；6、包括…在内，可适用于；7、出售Go in for (sth.) 1、参加，从事（技能、知识竞赛）；2、惯于，爱好Go into (sth.) 1、进入，加入（地方、职业等）；2、被用在…；3、详细解释；4、探究，彻底调查5、（汽车等）撞在…上；*Go on 1、继续下去；2、转而做另一件事；3、发生；4、以（某事）为根据（做出判断）5、（时间）过去；6、开始运转，使工作，实施；7、抱怨不停；喋喋不休；8、接近（年龄、时间等）go out 1、（为了娱乐）离家，出门，经常出外消遣；（去远方）旅行；2、交往，谈恋爱；3、（灯）熄灭；4、广播；5、出国；6、落潮，过时；7、公开，公布；8、对…充满同情；9、（时间）结束Go over (sth.) 1、走近；2、查看，仔细检查；3、重读，重看；4、转向，改变（信仰等）；5、转播；6、清除，打扫；Go through (sth.) 1、经受，经历，忍受；2、用光；3、通过，被接受；4、得到正式认可，被批准；5、磨破，穿破；6、练习，排练；7、仔细检查；8、从头到尾阅读Go through with (sth.) （常指艰难地）完成，做完Go to (sth.) 使经历；进入，开始经历（某一状态）go together （两件事物）互相协调，相配go under 下沉，沉没Go up 上升；被建造起来；炸毁，被烧毁*Go with (sth.) 1、与…相配，适合于；2、伴随，陪伴；3、同意，接受（看法）Go without (sth) 同do without; it goes without saying 不言而喻Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、*fit in with 使某事适合于4．Absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.Engage /occupy /bend over /involve /be busy with (6)*Be absorbed in 吸引（某人），使专心be absorbed into 并入，吞并absorption with/in 专注*Engage sb to do sth 安排雇用Engage in 参加，参与*be occupied with 忙于做某事*Bend the rules 通融Bend one’s mind /effort /thoughts to 专心致志于…，集中全力于…Bend over backwards (to do sth) 竭尽全力做某事*Involve doing sth 包含，包括，需要Involve sb in sth 要求（允许）参与*Be busy with 正在工作的，无空闲的Busy doing with 忙于做某事5．Abundant /rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game.*An abundance of 丰富，充裕In abundance 充满了，丰富的Abundantly clear 显而易见*rich (+in) 富含…的；丰富的；6．access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library.Way /approach /solution /answer / Accessible /available /handy /ready /convenient /obtainable /at hand (12)*Have access to 有权做某事*Stand in the way of = prevent 阻碍…实施Right of way 有权*be Under way = start 开始；在进行中*Get one’s own way 自行其是；随心所欲；为所欲为*Give way 退让；让步；屈服Have it both ways 左右逢源，见风使舵*In a way 某种方法，某一方面In no way 无论如何，决不In the way /in sb’s way 挡住去路，碍事*By the way 顺便By way of 当做，用作，作为*approach sb for 接洽，交涉Approach sb /sth about (doing) （同上）*Answer back 回嘴，反驳Answer for 对…负责；担保Answer to 对（某人）负责，对（某事，尤指错事）做出解释（antenna）*Come in handy 迟早有用*ready to do sth 准备好了做*convenient for sb /sth 方便的，合宜的*Hand down 传下来，传给；宣布，宣判；Hand over 移交，拿给Hand around0609177．His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (Situation /accordance /according /fit)I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. In agreement with /be compatible with /comply with /conform to /be in proportion to (9)Of your own accord 出于自愿，主动地With one accord 一致地In accordance with （正式）按照，依照According to 据…所说；～(as) 【英，正式】按照Fit in 1、（因为有共同的兴趣和爱好）被他人接受；2、fit sb /sth in 安排时间做某事（见某人）；3、fit in with 使某事适合于*be In agreement with 一致同意*be compatible with 兼容，一致*comply with 服从，遵守*conform to 遵守（法律、规定等）*be in proportion to （与某物）成比例，相称8．Account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independentlyYou have to take everything into account /consideration /Attention /regard /respect /mindGive us an account of what happened. Story /reason /information /description /tale /statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. (Describe /tell /relate / Describe (19)N.*Take sth into account/take account of 把某事考虑在内，思考On account of 因为，由于On account 赊帐By/from all account 根据各方面所说V.Account for 是…原因，= answer for；对…做出（满意的）解释Count in (out on) = back on; rely on;*Take sth into consideration 考虑到某事Attention*as regards 至于，关于*Respect for 考虑，顾及，重视In respect of 关于，有关With respect to 关于，谈到*Make up one’s mind 做出决定，拿主意；Take one’s mind off sth 不再想某件（烦心事）Keep /bear sth in mind 记住某事（有用或重要的信息）Stick in one’s mind 对（名字、细节等）经久不忘Put one’s mind to 专心于…Keep one’s mind on 专心于…Story*by reason of （正式）因为…Reason to do sth （正确或充分的）理由做某事Reason sth out （通过推理）解释，解决Reason with 与…讲道理，说服*for information only 仅供参考description /tale /statementDescribe*Tell off 责备，斥责；叫出（做某事）Tell on 告发Tell against sb 不利于…Tell sb /sth apart 区分，区别Tell of 描绘，描述*Relate to 1、有关，涉及；2、与…直接相关；3、与…和睦相处；4、认同，产生共鸣*to say the least 至少可以说to say nothing of 更不用说，何况*explain sth away 通过解释消除（某事的影响），辩解9．Acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain /obtain /gain /earn /secure（6）Acquire 得到；掌握，获得；～a taste for 开始喜欢上Attain /obtain*Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利Gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位，控制Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事Gain ground 稳步发展，Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上Earn /secure10．Active He is very active in politics.Energetic /spirited /lively /dynamic /excited /enthusiastic（7）*Active duty 现役Be active in (doing) sth 积极参加活动*group dynamics 群体动态（指某一团体成员之间的相互行为和态度）（以上99）06092011．Adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust /accommodate /alter /vary /arrange /modify /make fit（8）*Adapt (+to) （使）适应，（使）适合Adapt for (+for) 改造，改装Be well adapted to 特别适应*Adjust (+to) 适应，使适合*accommodate to 使适应，顺应alter /vary*Arrange to do sth 安排，筹划modify*MakeV.Make a start(+on /with) 开始做某事～believe (that)假装to pretend；～sb do sth 强迫某人做某事；be made to do sth～do with sth. 将就，凑合用；～it 1、及时赶到；2、成功；3、能参加、出现；4、（在生病或事故之后）活下来；～it up 和解，和好Make it up for （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；Make up to (sb.) 企图得到…欢心；make (it) up to （用好东西）赔偿，偿还；make one’s way 闯出一条路，make time 抽出时间～living (doing sth) （做某事）为生；～or break (使)完全成功或彻底失败；*make away with 带着东西逃跑; bug outMake at 采用什么手段Make for sth. 向…（快速）走去；导致,有利于，倾向Make sb /sth into 将…制成；Make (sth.) of (sth.) 理解，看待；对待，处理；Make off 仓皇逃走Make out 1、（费力）理解，辨认出；2、（以完整的形式）填写，开列；3、（泛指在商业、人际关系或生活中）成功；4、声称，假装；5、把…说成是，声称（尤指自己）重要；Make (sth.) over（尤指法律上的）转让，转交Make up 1、编造，虚构；2、化妆；整理备用；3、补足；4、（make sth. up）偿还，归还；5、（争吵后）和解12．Accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (Accustomed /used /addict /be familiar with) (4) *Accustom oneself to 使某人习惯于Be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯（做）某事*Be used to (doing) 习惯（做）某事Used to do sth 过去常做某事Use sb to do sth 利用某人做某事Be in use （机器、场所等）在使用中*addicted (+to) 对…上瘾的*be familiar with 通晓，熟悉13．Admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.(Allow /admit /accept /permit /receive /confess /acknowledge /adopt) (8)*Allow sb to do sth 允许，容许，准许Allow for考虑，顾及*Admit of (sth) 【正式】允许有Admit (to) doing sth 承认（做错了事、犯了罪）* Accept sth from sb 接受，同意做*permit sb to do sth 【正式】允许，准许做某事Permit of 容许有，允许有receive*confess to doing sth 承认（使自己尴尬的事情）*Be acknowledge as 被公认为是…*adopt an approach /strategy /policy 采用某方法、战略、政策等06092314．Adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.Enough /sufficient /satisfactory /plenty /ample (6)*Adequate to do sth 可以胜任的*enough to do sth 足够做…事Near enough 几乎，差不多*Sufficient to do sth 足够做某事satisfactory*plenty (+of) 丰富，大量，众多Plenty big /bright enough 非常（足够）大（明亮）的In plenty 供应充足，多得很ample15．Advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money.Benefit /gain upper hand /interest /profit /harvest /crop /earnings /returns (9)*Take advantage of sb（不公正地）利用某人，占便宜Take advantage of sth（巧妙地）利用某物*benefit (+from /by) 获益，受益，得到好处*Gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位，控制Gain (sth) from （使从某种局面、机会或事件中）受益，获利Gain currency （某种观点）流行起来There’s nothing to be gained 无济于事Gain ground 稳步发展Gain on /upon 逼近，赶上*be in the public /national interest 出于公众、国家利益*Profit by /from 从中获益，取得教训*reap a harvest 获得成果；尝到苦果*A crop of 一群（同时到达的人），一批（同时发生的事）Crop up （尤指问题）突然发生（出现）*in return (for) （作为…的）交换（回报）16．Aim His aim is to win the game.Purpose /intention /goal /end /target /objective /motive /destination (9)Aim*On purpose 故意（地）For the purpose of 为了…目的*(have <no>) intention (of doing) to do sth （不）打算做某事with the intention of doing 意图，目的，打算Intention to do sth 目标是*No end 非常No end of 大量的，许多Make (both) ends meet 收支仅能相抵target /objective /motive /destination（以上143）06092617．Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years. Accumulate /assemble /gather /increase /collect /compile /heap up /store upMass /bulk /quantity /load /amount /volume /accumulation /pile/heap /crowd /multitude /pack /gang (22)Figure /digit /measureAmassAccumulateassemble*gather around /round 聚拢过来Gather sth in 收（庄稼）Gather sth together /up 集拢，拾拢*compile sth from /for sth 编辑，编纂，编制，汇编*heap up （杂乱地）堆积，堆放*be in store 将要发生，将要出现Store up 储存；制造（麻烦）*A mass of 大量，大宗Masses of 许多的，大量的The masses 群众，平民*the bulk (of sth) （某物的）主要部分，大半In bulk 整批的，大批的Bulk sth out 使膨胀，看起来更厚实，充实*quantity of 若干数量；大量，许多*load sb /sth down 给（某人）过重的负担No amount of sth will do sth 毫无结果，毫无影响*Amount to sth 总计，达到not amount to much /anything 没多大了不起*A pile of /(also) piles of 一大堆，大量Pile in /into 拥进，挤进Pile on 过分地称赞、批评等；过分夸大坏的情况Pile out 挤出，蜂拥而出Pile up 堆积，积累*crowd sb /sth out 把…挤出，排挤*pack sth away 将（某物）收拾起来Pack sb /sth in 吸引（大批的人）；把（太多东西）塞入；Pack sb /sth off 把打发走，撵走Pack up 完成工作，停工；（机器）出故障，失灵；停止做某事*a multitude of 【正式或文】大批，大量，大群，众多The multitude 大众，民众*figure sth /sb out 想出，理解（某事）；看透，理解（某人）*Half measure 折中办法Measure sb /sth against （用比较的方法）评判Measure out 量出Measure up 合格，达到标准18．Ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.Eager for /longing for / hopeful for /wish for /cravefor /be set on /be bent on /be intent upon*be ambitious for sb 希望某人成功*Eager for 急于得到*longing for 渴望，盼望*wish for sth 最理想的；默默期盼Wish sth away 希望（不愉快的事）自行消失*crave for 渴望，热望；恳求，请求*Set the table 准备饭菜*Set on 攻击；使攻击，使追逐；set aside 存钱set sth in See to sb/sth 照顾，照料set up 1、建造，设立；2、安排（会议），建立（制度）；3、安装，架设；4、树起，垒起，设置；Set out 同set off；开始一项行动；set sth. out 同Set forth阐明；陈列，布置；动身踏上；按顺序拜访Set in （疾病或不好的天气）来临而且（也许）持续Set foot in/on 登上，涉足，访问Set short by 重视Set the pace 定出步调，速率Set to work 开始工作*Set about (sth.) 开始做，开始；以（某种方式）处理；攻击Set sb /sth against 彼此均衡，从…减去；敌对，使与（某人）对立；*Set apart 使（某人或某物）与众不同；留出（作某种用途）*Set (sth.) aside 另外存放；拨出；置之不理Set (sth.) back 使倒退；推迟；Set (sb.) back (sth.) 使某人花费Set (sb./sth.) down 写，记下；制定，规定；将（车）停下让下车Set forth 陈述观点，阐明；出发，启程Set off 1、出发，动身；2、引起，激发（意外事件）；3、触发；4、引发（爆炸）；5、（衣服、颜色等）衬托（某物）很漂亮；6、激起（某人）的情感*Be bent on 下决心做，专心于，埋头于*Intent on /upon 专注的，专心致志的06092719．Amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.Add up to /approximate /total /sum up*Add up to 总的来讲，等于说add sth to sth 把…和…放在一起add fuel to the fire 火上浇油add (sth) in 加进，包括add (sth) on 加盖，加建；附加，增加add to（使）增加add up 把…加起来；not ～不合情理；积少成多approximate /total*Sum up 概括，总结；对…做出判断20．The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.Sum /measure /quantity /price /value*at any price 不惜任何代价，无论如何Not at any price 无论如何也不21．Angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle.Aspect /view /point of view /opinion /belief /attitude /impression /notion /idea /thought /conception /judgment /theory /outlook（15）061107；*Angle for（以暗示的方法）猎取，谋求*aspect (+of) 方面*point of view 观点，看法On view （画、照片）在展览，在陈列In view of 鉴于，由于，考虑到*opinion (+of) 意见，主张，看法A second opinion 他人的鉴定Be of the opinion (that) 认为，主张*Be Beyond belief 难以置信*attitude (+towards) 心态，感觉，看法With attitude 我行我素的打扮*impression (+of) （对人、事等的）印象，感想Be under the impression (that) 原以为，误以为*notion (+of) （尤指错误或模糊的）概念，观点，看法*spare a thought for 给（某人）一点关心conception /judgment /theory*outlook (+on) （对生活、世界的）看法，观点，态度Outlook (+for) 前景，远景22．Announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.Proclaim /broadcast /report/state /declare /notify /tell /make known（9）061107；Announce*report back 回报，汇报Report to sb 向…负责，向…报告state*Declare against 声明反对Declare for 声明支持*notify sb of 通知，告知06092923．Anticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.Expect /look forward to /await /foresee /hope for （6）061107；*anticipate (doing) 期待做某事*expect (to do) 希望做某事*Look forward to 期望，期待Be looking to do sth 正打算（期待）做某事*look (sb) up （顺便）拜访，看望；look (sth) up （在书中）查找；look up 好转，有起色；look up to 尊敬，尊重look at 1、看；2、浏览，泛泛地读；3、检查，察看；4、仔细考虑；5，看待，对待；look out take care 当心，留神；挑选，找出Look to tend to 依靠，仰仗Look after take care of 照料，照顾Look ahead 向前看，作未来的打算Look back 回顾回想；never ～获得全胜Look down on 看不起，轻视Look down your nose at 看不起，对…不屑一顾Look for 寻找Look in 探望，短暂访问Look into (sth) 调查，检查Look on onlooker 旁观；regard 看待Look (sth) over 快速查看Look through 审核仔细检查；（假装）没有注意到await /foresee*hope for /to do sth 盼望，期望24．Anything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at all 061107；*anything but 一点也不*(not) at all 无论如何（都不），一点儿（都不）All along 自始至终All at once 同时All but 几乎，差不多All for 完全赞成For all 尽管All in all 归根到底All of sudden 突然All round 全面地All the more 更加All the same 还是，仍然All too 极，过于25．The apparent things might not tell of the truth.Apparent /obvious /seeming /evident /clear /plain （6）061107；*apparent (+to) 显而易见的，明白易懂的obvious /seeming /evident*Clear up 说明，解释清楚；整理，收拾Clear up after 替…收拾Clear away 收拾，整理Clear off 迅速离开Clear out 清除，整理Be clear (about /to) 确切知道，充分了解be privy to*Make sb /sth plain 把…说清楚06093026．Apart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.Except for /other than /but /but for /besides /moreover /also /too /as well /in addition（12）061112 *Joking apart 说正经的Quite apart from 撇开…来说，不考虑Apart from 除了，只是；除…以外*except for 除…之外，没有Except from （正式）把排除在外，不计*other than 除了*But for 要不是，除非Besides 除…之外，还有Besides (doing sth)moreover /also /too*Such as （用来列举事物）如像；像…这样的*As well 也，还As usual 像平常一样So as(not) to 以便（免）So …as to 这（那）样…一致So(停顿) as to 这样…以使As for 至于，说到As to 至于，说到As yet 到这时为止As if(though) 就仿佛…似的；引导从句做状语、表语As against （和…过去情况加以比较）而…是much as 尽管（倒装）As well as同（一样也），和，也，还As a matter of fact 事实上，实际上，不瞒你说As a result(consequence) 结果（发生某情况As a result of 由于…As a rule 一般（说来），通常As a whole 作为总体，总的说来As … as anything 极为，非常As …as …can be 到了最…的程度，极其As …as one can 尽力，尽可能As …as …permit 在…许可范围内尽量As …as possible 尽可能，尽量As follows 如下As from 从…时起As good as 几乎已经，实际已经As it is(was) 根据现在情况看，就以现在样子As it were 可以这么说，姑且这么说As many (much etc.) as 到…程度，多达As one likes(choose etc.) 爱怎样就怎样As opposed to 和…相反As the matter(position/it) stands 在现在的情况下As things are 照目前情况So(as) far as 就…而论，据…So(as) long as 只要Such …as to 那样…以致Won’t(wouldn’t) so much as 连…都不As best one can(could) 尽其可能地，尽可能好地As much 同样（做），同样（想）As soon 宁愿As soon as 一…就；～possible 尽快地May as well 不妨，不如*In addition 另外27．He was appointed member of the committee.Name /elect /nominate /choose /assign /vote for28．Appeal I appeal to him for help. Implore /plead /beg （4）061112*AppealN.Appeal for 恳求，呼吁Appeal to 上诉，申诉V.Appeal (to sb) for sth 恳请，呼吁Appeal to sb 吸引某人*Implore sb to do sth 乞求，哀求*Plead for 祈求，央求Plead with sb to do sth 恳求*Beg sb to do sth 请求，恳求29．Apply Please apply to the secretary for further information.The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 061112*apply (+to) 申请Apply (+for) 申请Apply sth to 使用，应用Apply yourself 致力于，专心于Apply force /pressure 用力/施压06100130．Approve Many people don't approve of the plan. DisapproveLike /prefer /endorse /accept /think well of（7）061112*Approve (+of) 赞成，同意*disapprove (+of) 反对，非难*be like to do sth 有可能做某事*Prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…而不愿做…Prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢…胜过…endorse/accept*Think of /about doing sth 考虑做某事的可能性Think better of it 认为还是不做的好Think on your feet 思路敏捷Think to do sth 设法做某事Think back 回想起，追忆Think of sb /sth 1、想出（新主意等）；2、回忆起；3、对（某人）关怀；4、what do you think of …你怎么认为Think sth out 把（某事）考虑好Think sth over 认真考虑某事Think sth through 认真考虑（某事可能出现的结果）Think sth up 想出，构思出（主意、名字等）31．Arise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.Rise /raise /rouse /arouse /ariseOriginate /derive /stem / flow /come /emerge /appear /show up /turn up（14）061114*Arise (+from) （由…）引起（产生）*riseV.Rise from 从…升起rise up 反抗，造反rise to sth 对某事（尤指令人气愤的评论）反应强烈rise out of sth 起因于某事，由某事引起rise above 1、超脱，不计较；2、克服，摆脱；3、（水平）超过，搞出；4、（知识、智慧）超越（他人）5、改善（境遇）rise against 起义，造反；2、对…反感N.Rise (+in) 增加Rise (+of) 升迁，兴起*Rouse sb (from their sleep /slumbers) （艰难地把某人从沉睡中）叫醒*Originate (+in /from /with) 发源，始于*Derive (+from) 源自，源于*Stem from 源于，来自，由…发生*Flow from 来自，产生于，源自In full flow n. 滔滔不绝*Come and go 忽来忽去；变化Come unstuck 遇到困难，失败How come 怎么会这样To come 将来Come about 发生，产生（尤指不受控制地）Come across/upon 1、遇见，碰上；2、受欢迎，起到效果；3、被理解Come after 查找（某人）Come along 1、come on （尤指教育或健康）进展，进步，好转2、（意外地）出现，碰巧遇到；3、跟随（某人）；Come apart 碎裂；无法处理；Come around /round 1、拜访，探访；2、改变观点；3、降临，发生；4、苏醒Come at 1、逼近；2、（大量信息）涌向；3、考虑、处理问题Come away 脱落，脱离；离开；Come back 回来；记起；重新流行；驳斥；Come between 离间，使分开；妨碍某人做某事；Come by sth 1、得到，获得；2、顺路拜访Come down 1、（价格、水平等）下降，降低；2、南下，（从大城市）来到；3、（建筑物）被拆毁；4、～on the side of （深思熟虑后）决定支持某人；5、～in the world 落魄，潦倒，失势；6、～to the earth 回到现实中；7、～on 痛斥；8、～to 归结为，落到…手里Come down with （无被动）患病Come for 来接，来拿；试图伤害，强行带走；Come forward (+as) 毛遂自荐，自告奋勇Come from 产自，来自Come in 1、到达，达到；2、进入（房间）；3、卷入，参与；4、流行起来；5、～for 挨批评，受责备；Come into 1、继承遗产；2、卷入（某事）；3、进入某种状态Come out 1、显露，泄露；2、（事实）变得清楚；3、（书、唱片）出版，发行；4、（言语）说出，道出；5、宣布，声称；6、褪去，消失；Come out with （尤指出乎意料地）说出，提出Come of age 1、到达法定年龄；2、达到巅峰时期*Come of sth 由于…而产生,是…的结果Come off 1、脱离，分开；2、进行得…；3、达到效果，成功Come on 1、（灯或机器）打开，开动；2、快点儿，加油，高兴点儿；3、改善，提高；4、偶然发现；5、～to 转到（新话题）Come over 1、拜访；2、突然感觉…；3、清楚地理解（观点）；4、表现为，显得Come through 1、（消息、结果等）公开，公布；2、安然渡过Come to 醒过来Come to sth 达到某种状态（目的）Come under 被统治（控制、影响）；2、列在…之下Come up 1、被提到，被考虑；2、北上，去大城市；3、走近；4、升起；5、（问题或困难）突然出现；6、～for 定期回顾，检查Come up with 想出，提出（主意、计划）；提供*emerge (+from) 浮现，出现；（从困境中）摆脱出来*show up 1、到达；2、使（某物）显现出来；3、显露；Show sb around 带某人参观*Show off 1、（自我）炫耀；2、炫耀（某物）；3、使夺目Show over 带某人参观Be on show 在陈列，在展出V. *Turn down 关小，调低（音量等）；拒绝，摒弃Turn off 关上（电源等）；转入拐入（另一条路）；（使）厌烦Turn one’s hand to 着手做…*Turn (sb) against （使）转而反对Turn around 完成，提供，生产出；使（业务）好转Turn away 打发走，拒绝接纳；拒绝给（某人）同情Turn back（使）折回*Turn in 1、交回，交还；2、交差；3、～（sb）～告发，交给警方；4、上床睡觉；Turn into 1、变成；2、（通过魔法）使…变成；3、（季节）变化Turn on 1、打开，接通（电源等）；2、突然攻击。

清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略）Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%)Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C andD* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage：Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generatingever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while atthe same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)*When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual reportback in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on ametric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completelydifferent~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price becauseeach share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheersize slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earningsper share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book valuewas $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earningsper share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain ofnearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased, from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's sharerepurchase program.16. This passage is probably a part of ?A. Find Hidden Value in the MarketB. Become RicherC. Get Good BargainsD. Identify Good Companies17. The italicized word“stagnant'，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ?A. prominentB. terribleC. unchangedD. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lowerprice because .A. it has stored a large quantity of goodsB. it has become financially more powerfulit has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyC.D. it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19. All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT ?A, The cash dividend has increased. B. The earning power has become stronger.C Both businesses have continued to grow^ D. The stock price has greatly decreased20. According to the author，one had better ?buy more shares when the stock price falls down A.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downB.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down C.invest in the business when its stock price falls down D.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage ：Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的）and self-centered than their predecessors, ac?cording to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend couldbe harmfiil to personal relationships and American society.u We need to stop endlessly repeating ‘You're special' and having children repeat that back”，said the study's lead author，Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University, “Kids areself-centered enough al?ready “Unfortunately，narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with othars”，he saidThe study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to have romantic relationships that areshort-lived，at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmtb，and to exhibitor game-playing，dishonesty, and.over-controlling and violent behaviors，，. Twenge, the author of “GenerationMe：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled~and MoreMiserable Than Ever Before”，said narcissists tend to lack empathy，react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others*Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteerwork But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically，noting that many high schoolsrequire community service %and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college* applications.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component”，he said “A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting* Less indulgence might be called for”Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader，a University of Washington senior，said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded But she is dismayed (气傻；灰心、）by the com?petitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on careerstatus* “We，re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way”，Kader said “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the wayof other things like relationships”.Kari Dalane，a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered “People are worried about themselves—^but in the senseof where are they're go?ing to find a place in the world”，she said “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world”；Dalane said.，Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome“It would be more depressing if people answered, 4 No, I'm not special，，，?21. According to the passage，a narcissistic person may -，A. hate criticismB. be dishonest to his/her partnerC, be unwilling to help others D；All the above22. The italicized word “commended”(line 1, Para. 3) meansA. praisedB. criticized C recommended D. disfavored23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences-B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.D. Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.24. It is implied that ?A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC. the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD. college students are pessimistic about their future25- It is proper to be when you hear someone say “I，m special'A. objectiveB. pessimistic C optimistic D. worriedQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries* 4iThe Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting 狂majorityof vote cards，instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election，which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business，the U. S, Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”，said the National Associa?tion of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill Straczewski says elimina?ting thesecret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't”，Samuel said He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal em?ployer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby，the secret ballot wouldnot be e- liminated The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out ofthe hands of the em?ployers. “On the ground，the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference be?tween night and day”，said Richard Shaw of the HarrisCounty Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定，条款）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration wouldbe in effect for 2 years，a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional”. “I don，t see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract”? said StraczewskiThe bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts fromunwilling em?ployers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004，45 percent of newly farmed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees- As it stands，the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.26* Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. House bill aipis to spur labor union growth.B. House bill aims to counter labor union growth,C. Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employmentD. Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees，income.27. According to its opponents, the bill .A. will protect employees，rightsB. will benefit workers by binding contractsC. will empower unions too muchD. makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28. The word “it”(line 4，Para 5) refers to ?A. the changeB. the legislation C the AFL-CIO D. the difference29. People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT .A. the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries*B. the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local level.C. binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can，t be agreed oa between cently estabUshed union and a company,D. the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees.30. It is implied that ?A. fewer private industries joined unions in the past workers' coercion often comes from unionsC. the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD. punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many pe叩le，s views on race，history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans whohave shaped soci?ety and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learningto fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself Six years later, he wasan Olympic boxing champion，going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became knownas much for his swagger (耻髙气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it，converting to Islamin 1965，changing his name to Muhammad Ali ￡uid refusing to join the U- S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his ath?letic career ended and he developed Parkinson'seven lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful，diseasevirtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks*W. E. B, Du Bois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868，this Massachusetts native wasone of the most prominent，prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic，activist and historian，Du Bois co?founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),edited “The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk”，published in 1903，he predicted “the problem of 20th century [ would be] the problem of the color-line”.Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jn is considered one of the most powerful and pop?ular leaders of the American civil tights movement He spearheaded(带头；作先锋）a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches，sit-ins，boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans' attitudes to?ward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965, Interestin the leader surged again after Spike Lee's 1992 movie “Malcolm X”was releasedJackie Robinson in 1947，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, be?coming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement frombaseball in 1957，he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962，he became thefirst African-American to be in?ducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.31. Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A. He never served in the army.He learned to fight at an early age.C. His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.D. He loves peace.32. The italicized word “prolific”(line 2, Par a 3) is synonymous to ?A, smart B. skilled C. productive D. pioneering33. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A, W. E. B. Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.B. Jackie Robinson was denied by U. Sz major baseball leagues throughout his life.C Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.D. Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his deatL34. What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A. Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognizedB. Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death.C. All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.D. All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.35. Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A. Life of famous African AmericansB. Influence of famous African AmericansC. Political pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsD. Cultursd pioneers ：Icons and intellectualsPart m Vocabulary (10%)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four：Directionschoices mariced A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36- The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to the weight of the building.A. subsideB. idealizeC. initiate D, sustain37. The actress was very at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference. A, extraterrestrial B. explicit C. indignant D. innovative38* It is known to all that children in this region have strong to swimming in summer because of the hot weather ?A. inclinationB. exposure39. The torch was by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.A. implementB. deceiveC. exemplifyD. ignited40. These samples have to be in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.A. mmiersedB. crispedC. armoredD. arrayed41. Her talk at the seminar clearly from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.A. alternated B, amplified C. designated D. diverged42. Three years before he returned home from the United States.A. denbtedB. destinedC. elapsedD. enveloped43. A plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.A. deliberateB. disincentiveC. functionalD. fantastic44. Sometimes in drawing and designing, the sign X the unknown number.A, facilitates B. fascinates C. denotes D. jots45. The speaker was very much by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.A. jerkedB. incensedC. lacedD. limped46. The two countries have developed a relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethal C metric D. cordial47.The doctor's was that she should go and see the specialist in this fieldA. constraintB. counselC. coherenceD. consciousness48.The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.A- unanimous B. abstract C. autonomous D. almighty49. They need to move to new and large apgtfttnents. Do you know of any ones in this area?A. evacuatedB. emptyC. vacantD. vacate50. The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get quickly.A. decomposed B_ denounced C. detached D. deduced51. The government decided to take a action to strengthen the market managementA. diverseB. durableC. epidemicD. drastic52. The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to itA. disgraceB. disguiseC. defyD. distress53. They admitted that they shared the same on the matter.A. potentialityB. sentimentC. postscriptD. subscriptionwith him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.54. We cannot beA. peckedB. reconciledC. perturbedD. presumed55. Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region.A. tugged B_ demolished C. hampered D. destroyedPart IV Cloze (10%)：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices Directions，C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the marked A, Bcorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fractionof the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world's great seaport cities would be 56 : New Orleans , Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries —Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in thePacific —would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57 large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme 58 .Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 59 in coastal flooding,possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world 60 water quality may result as61 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking, water supplies, and irreplaceable，natural 62 could be flooded with ocean water，destroying forever many of the63 plant and animal species living there.Food supplies and forests would be 64 affected Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warmingwould also increase and change the pest plants，such as weeds and the insects 66 the crops. Human health would also be affected Warming could 67 tropical climate bringing with ityellow fever, malaria，and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful68 of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69 . Therewill be some 70 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will 71 new agricultural lands，and warmer temperature will make some oftoday's colder regions more 72 . But these benefits will be in individual areas. The naturalsystems —both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and 73 . Any change of temperature, rainfall，and sea level of the magnitude now 74 will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well.The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must doeverything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions 75 by global warming.56. A. ascended B. assaulted C. erased D. endangered57. A. which B. where C. when D. what58. A. dislocation B. discontent C. distribution D. distinction59. A. rebuking B. rambling C resulting D. rallying60. A. Increased B. Reduced C. Expanded D. Saddened61. A. inland B. coastal C. urban D. suburban62. A. dry-land B. mountain C. wetlands D. forest63. A. unique B. precious C. interesting D. exciting64. A, geologically B. adversely C. secretively D. seriallyD. fuseC. grease B. generate 65. A. shift66. A. hiking B. hugging C. attacking D. activatingD. enlarge C. adhere 67. A. endanger B. accommodateD. interests B. values C. effects 68. A. profitsD. evolution B. accommodation C. surroundings 69. A. conditionsD. profits C. adoptions B. benefits 70. A. adjustmentsD. create B. abuse C. advocate 71. A. alternateD. ambient 72. A. accidental C. anniversary B. habitableD. assert73. A. adapt B. alleviate C. agitateD. anticipated C. consoled 74. A. ascertained B. conformedD. reflected B. relayed 75. A. tutored C. triggeredPart V Translation from ￡i^lish into Chmese(10%)Directions ：Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy andhuman well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumerservices as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production.But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtainingand exploiting it, but also environmental and so?ciopolitical impacts—detract from well-being.For most of human history，the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organiza- tions for harvesting，converting，and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience，deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970，s，then，represented a turning point After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be probable thatexcessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to thinkthat expan?ding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.Part VI Writii电(请将作文写在答题纸上）（1S%)Directions：You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarismin Aca?demic Field in China You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinesebelow Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。

清华大学考博英语-14(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：7.50)1.Some people seem to______on the pressure of working under a deadline.（分数：0.50）A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive √解析：[解析] A选项表示“报答，归还”；B选项表示“演变，进化”；c选项表示“说服，劝说”：D 选项表示“兴旺，兴隆，成功”。

根据上下文，原文要表达“成功”之意。

故选择D。

2.According to the Geneva______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.（分数：0.50）A.CustomsB.CongressesC.Conventions √D.Routines解析：[解析] A选项表示“习俗，惯例”；B选项表示“国会”；C选项表示“大会，协定”； D选项表示“惯例”。

这里指《日内瓦公约》，故选择C。

3.The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into ______ at once.（分数：1.00）A.diversityB.fragments √C.doctrineD.drought解析：4.Both police officers and high officials here are susceptible to corruption.（分数：1.00）A.sustainableB.suspiciousC.skepticalD.vulnerable √解析：susceptible易受影响的。

四个选项：vulnerable易受攻击的；sustainable可以忍受的，足以支撑的，养得起的；suspicious可疑的，怀疑的，一般与of连用； skeptical好怀疑的。

2019年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案（可直接编辑打印）.doc2019年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案Part I Vocabulary (20%)Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. The European Union countries, were once worried that they would not have supplies of petroleum.A. sufficientB. efficient C potential D. proficient2. We'd like to a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. reserveC. sustainD. retain3. Britain has the highest of road traffic in the world-over 60 cars for every mile of road.A. popularityB. prosperityC. intensityD. density4. I would never have a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.A. sought forB. accounted forC. turned upD. restored to5. The energy by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A. transferredB. releasedC. conveyedD. delivered6. It is required that during the process, great care has to be taken to protect thesilkfrom damage.A. sensitiveB. sensible C tender D. delicate7. To our , Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.A. reliefB. viewC. anxietyD. judgment8. The government will take some action to the two big quarreling companies.A. jigsawB. jotC. impulseD. reconcile9. As automation became popular in most factories, labor was made ?A. disincentiveB. redundantC. diverseD. discontent10. They have her unreasonable request for her annual salary.A. destinedB. chordedC. repelledD. commenced11. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite qualified sources of information and examples.A. unbiasedB. manipulatedC. distortedD. conveyed12. It is apparent that winning the scholarship is of one's intelligence in the field of physics.A. parallelismB. alliterationC. testimonyD. rhythm13. In court he repeated his that he was not guilty in front of the jury.A. impressionsB. alliterationsC. clausesD. assertions14. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of business.A. staleB. slackC. ferrousD. abundant5. According to the Geneva no prisoners of war shall besubject to abuse.A. CustomsB. CongressesC. ConventionsD. RoutinesBefore the general election many senior citizens signed the against the spreading of nuclear arms.A. contractB. petitionC. supplicationD. potential7. Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere toplantlife.A. adaptB. personalizeC. sustain D, describeI can’t remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty .A. estimatingB. devastatingC. reprocessingD. preferringThe industry has pumped amounts of money into political campaigns, making itless and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.A. potentialB. substantialC. massiveD. traditional20. I was entrusted to to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.A. contributeB. detractC. convertD. entail21. After 1989, the external vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.A. disruption B, menace C. liability D, emergence22. The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the by various means.A. flightB. plight C delight D. twilight23. An archaeologist has to pay much attention to details of an unearthed object.A. miserableB. minusC. minuteD. moist24. T he girl her tablemate’s arm to see if she was fast asleep at class.A. pinchedB. punchedC. pitchedD. preached25. Most of the local people involved in the affair have been and dismissed.A. smuggledB. prosecutedC. salutedD. thrived26. I can respect someone who is for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.A. millenniumB. dominantC. accountableD. commercial27. All the products made in China are sold and distributed in with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.A. complianceB. prosperityC. merchandise D‘ intersection28. One of the main reasons is that the university’s attracts students and faculty staff allover the world.A. fraudB. respondentC. misconductD. prestige29. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have no further details about the accident.A. comprisedB. formulatedC. releasedD. incorporated30. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering to foreign investors.A. incentivesB. abundancesC. warriorsD. outnumbers31. Why be about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.A. sensitiveB. sensibleC. sentimental D, sensational32. and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.A. MutilationB. InnovationC. EmpireD. Strength33. The protests were part of their against the proposed building development in the area.A. commissionB. commitmentC. conventionD. campaign34. Some people seem to on the pressure of working undera deadline.A. render B- evolve C. prevail D. thrive35. These changes have not been sufficient to the losses.A. stemB. stimulate C cause D. compensate36. Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their .A. conditionsB. combinations C, peers D. granaries37. Several for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.A. systemsB. sentences C fallacies D. hypotheses38. These natural resources will be sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A, depleted B. deployed C. inclined D. mingled39. The military operations yesterday were targeted at the military installations.A. propelledB. commencedC. plaguedD. modulated40. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the between the computer and the human brain.A. profile B- mighty C. analogy D, leakagePart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThere are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language，，，says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately，it’s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.，，One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said * These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it，s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.”In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,OCX) people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suid de. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist thatpeople are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?41. Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C Those that help people use computer language.D. Those that teach computer technology.42. According to the investigators, .A. the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent actsB. the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC. most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD. most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners43. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB- it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC. there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence44. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that ?A. the commercial world is contributing to the increasedviolence in real lifeB. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life Passage TwoThe collapse of the Earth’s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magnetic force* During a reversal，the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity (极）? The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and anintals that rely on the inagnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite daims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field’s shifts.A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get someidea * of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather，，，said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I，m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission.”。

清华大学考博英语-8(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.A child hears his mother tongue spoken from morning till night in its ______ form.∙ A.correct∙ B.accurate∙ C.genuine∙ D.perfect（分数：0.50）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 各项的意思是：correct“正确的，合适的”；accurate“精确的，准确的”；genuine“纯正的”；perfect“完美的，完善的”。

根据句意判断，答案是C。

2.The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another ______ decision to be made.∙ A.critical∙ B.plentiful∙ C.decent∙ D.massive（分数：0.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 各项的意思是：critical“决定性的，关键性的；批评的，批判的”，be critical about“对某事爱挑剔”；plentiful“丰富的，大量的”；decent“正派的，令人满意的”；massive“可观的，巨大的”。

根据句意判断，答案为A。

3.In protest, blacks and ______ whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were sewed.∙ A.sensible∙ B.indifferent∙ C.influential∙ D.sympathetic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 各项的意识是：sensible“明智的，合情理的”；indifferent“不关心的，中立的”，be indifferent to“对……漠不关心”；influential“有影响的，有权势的”；sympathet ic“赞同的，支持的”，be/feel sympathetic to/toward“对……表示同情，持赞同态度”。

清华大学考博英语-13(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______ almost two hours later.∙ A. designation∙ B. destiny∙ C. destination∙ D. dignity（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 各项的意思是：designation“指示，指定”；destiny“命运，定数”；destination“目的地，目标，目的”；dignity“尊严，高贵”。

句意是：公共汽车在浓雾中缓慢地移动，我们几乎两个小时后才到达目的地。

2.The negotiations which ______ the signing of the treaty took place over a number of years.∙ A. preceded∙ B. prescribed∙ C. proceeded∙ D. processed（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 各项的意思是：precede“领先(于)，在……之前，先于”；prescribe“规定，开处方”；proceed“进行，继续下去，发生”；process“加工，处理”。

空格处的意思是：进行协议的签署。

3.Americans are highly ______, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.∙ A. moving∙ B. mobile∙ C. movable∙ D. motional（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 各项的意思是：moving“动人的，令人感动的”；mobile“易动的，易变的。